CN112005827A - Planting method of selenium-rich rice - Google Patents
Planting method of selenium-rich rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN112005827A CN112005827A CN202010917534.6A CN202010917534A CN112005827A CN 112005827 A CN112005827 A CN 112005827A CN 202010917534 A CN202010917534 A CN 202010917534A CN 112005827 A CN112005827 A CN 112005827A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of selenium-enriched rice, which comprises the steps of seed selection and treatment, seedling raising, transplanting, field management and harvesting; the selenium-enriched rice planting method can obviously improve the total selenium content and the organic selenium content in the rice; selenium sources and nutrient substances required by growth are provided by adopting a selenium-rich fertilizer and a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, and a fish grass extract, a mulberry leaf extract, EDTA chelated selenium and sodium selenite are selected as selenium sources, so that the rice can be absorbed more favorably, the total selenium content and the organic selenium content are improved, the organic selenium has good absorption effect on people and animals, has low toxicity and is more suitable for the requirement of selenium supplement, wherein the total selenium content is up to 0.275mg/kg, and the organic selenium content is up to 0.234 mg/kg; the total selenium content and the organic selenium content are obviously improved by applying different fertilizers in different growth periods of the rice, wherein the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer has good compatibility and sufficient nutrients, and can be fully absorbed by the rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a planting method of selenium-rich rice.
Background
The rice is one of herbaceous rice, belongs to cereals, is the most important and longest kind of grain in the rice, is native to China and India, and is planted in Yangtze river basin of China seven thousand years ago. The rice is obtained by removing glume from rice, weighing brown rice, and grinding rice bran layer to obtain the final product. Approximately half of the world population is fed with rice.
Selenium was discovered in 1817 and was identified by the world health organization as "essential trace elements for human and animal life" in 1973. In more than 40 countries and regions in the world, the selenium is deficient or low, 72% of the regions in China exist, and two thirds of the population live in the low-selenium or selenium-deficient areas. Selenium is closely related to the vitality of human bodies, and the selenium deficiency can cause various diseases of human bodies, such as more than 40 diseases of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, Kaschin-Beck disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer and the like. Therefore, the world health organization recommends that the human body can effectively prevent various diseases by supplementing 200 micrograms of selenium every day, and the Chinese academy of nutrition recommends that the daily selenium intake of our residents is 50200 micrograms. Selenium required in the human body cannot be produced and can only be supplemented by food intake. The selenium-rich product is beneficial to the human immune system and can promote the health of the human body, so the selenium-rich product is more and more concerned by people, especially the market of the selenium-rich rice is very exploded in recent years, and GB T22499 plus 2008 is not suitable for eating rice with the selenium content of 0.04-0.30 mg/kg, the selenium content of less than 0.04 mg/kg and the selenium content of more than 0.30 mg/kg.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a planting method of selenium-enriched rice, which can obviously improve the total selenium content and the organic selenium content of the rice.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a planting method of selenium-rich rice comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection and treatment: selecting high-quality rice seeds, soaking the rice seeds for 1-3 days at 25-32 ℃ by using a seed soaking liquid, taking out the rice seeds, cleaning the rice seeds for 2-4 times by using clear water, packaging the cleaned rice seeds by using a breathable cloth bag, preheating the packaged rice seeds by using steam at 55-70 ℃ for 45-55 ℃, putting the breathable cloth bag in a rice straw pile for accelerating germination for 18-30 hours, and then coating the seeds by using a seed coating agent, wherein the dosage of the seed coating agent is 0.4-0.6% of the weight of the seeds, and drying the seeds in the shade for later use;
(2) seedling culture: selecting a seedling field with higher terrain, flatness and convenient irrigation and drainage as a seedling raising field of rice, deeply ploughing 25-35 cm of the field, digging the seedling field to loosen the seedling field, finely crushing soil blocks, applying a selenium-rich fertilizer to the seedling field, wherein the application amount of the selenium-rich fertilizer is 30-40 kg per mu, then sowing, wherein the sowing amount is 10-14 kg of rice seeds per mu, and transplanting the rice seeds in the field when the rice seedlings grow to 22-26 cm;
(3) transplanting: supplying water to the field 2-5 days before transplanting, ploughing and raking, uniformly applying silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer to the field according to 70-90 kg per mu, and uniformly transplanting 1.6-2 ten thousand plants per mu;
(4) field management: respectively applying selenium-rich foliar fertilizers once in a tillering stage, a flowering promoting stage, a flowering maintaining stage, a booting stage and a grain filling stage of the rice, and diluting 100-300 times of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer aqueous solution by using deionized water when the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer aqueous solution is used, wherein the fertilizing amount is 10-20 kg of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer aqueous solution per mu;
(5) harvesting: and performing daily irrigation and pest and disease damage management on the seedlings, and harvesting when the rice ears are hung down and are golden yellow.
As a preferable scheme, the preparation method of the seed soaking liquid comprises the following steps: adding 10-20 parts of biogas slurry, 0.5-2 parts of chelated iron, 0.5-2 parts of chelated zinc, 0.5-2 parts of chelated calcium, 0.02-0.05 part of gibberellin and 1-3 parts of polyaspartic acid into 100-200 parts of deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain the seed soaking liquid.
As a preferred scheme, the preparation method of the selenium-rich fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 5-15 parts of selenium source, 10-20 parts of biochar, 5-10 parts of plant ash, 0.5-2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1-3 parts of amino acid complex zinc, 0.5-2 parts of EDTA complex manganese, 4-8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2-6 parts of urea and 1-5 parts of polyaspartic acid into 200-400 parts of deionized water, uniformly mixing, and granulating to obtain the selenium-rich fertilizer.
As a most preferable scheme, the preparation method of the selenium-enriched fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 10 parts of selenium source, 18 parts of biochar, 8 parts of plant ash, 1.5 parts of ammonium molybdate, 2 parts of amino acid complex zinc, 1.5 parts of EDTA complex manganese, 6 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5 parts of urea and 2 parts of polyaspartic acid into 300 parts of deionized water, uniformly mixing, and granulating to obtain the selenium-rich fertilizer.
As a preferred scheme, the preparation method of the selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 5-15 parts of selenium source, 4-10 parts of amino acid zinc complex, 2-5 parts of amino acid nickel complex, 3-6 parts of boric acid, 2-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5-2 parts of fulvic acid, 3-5 parts of glutamic acid, 0.5-2 parts of coenzyme II, 2-5 parts of chelated iron and 2-6 parts of polyaspartic acid into a mixer. And mixing uniformly to obtain the selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer.
As a most preferred scheme, the preparation method of the selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: 10 parts of selenium source, 8 parts of amino acid zinc complex, 4 parts of amino acid nickel complex, 5 parts of boric acid, 4 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5 parts of fulvic acid, 4 parts of glutamic acid, 1 part of coenzyme II, 4 parts of chelated iron and 5 parts of polyaspartic acid are added into a mixer. And mixing uniformly to obtain the selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer.
As a preferred scheme, the selenium source is prepared from a fish grass extract, a mulberry leaf extract, EDTA chelated selenium and sodium selenite according to a weight ratio of 1: 0.5-1.5: 0.5-1.5: 0.5 to 1.5.
As a most preferred scheme, the selenium source is prepared from a fish grass extract, a mulberry leaf extract, EDTA chelated selenium, sodium selenite according to a weight ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1.
As a preferable scheme, the preparation method of the mulberry leaf extract comprises the following steps:
drying mulberry leaves, and crushing to 60-100 meshes to obtain mulberry leaf dry powder;
adding mulberry leaves into deionized water with the weight of 8-15 times that of the mulberry leaves, extracting for 10-16 hours under the ultrasonic power of 400-600W to obtain an extracting solution, and drying in vacuum to obtain the mulberry leaf extract.
As a preferable scheme, the preparation method of the fish grass extract comprises the following steps:
drying the fish grass, and crushing to 60-100 meshes to obtain dry fish grass powder;
adding the dried powder of the fish grass into n-hexane which is 4-8 times of the weight of the fish grass, extracting for 1-3 times by refluxing for 2-4 hours each time, filtering after extracting by refluxing, and drying in vacuum to obtain the fish grass extract.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the selenium-enriched rice planting method can obviously improve the total selenium content and the organic selenium content in the rice; (2) according to the invention, selenium sources and nutrient substances required by growth are provided by adopting the selenium-rich fertilizer and the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer, the grass carp extract, the mulberry leaf extract, EDTA chelated selenium and sodium selenite are selected as selenium sources, so that the rice can be absorbed more favorably, the total selenium content and the organic selenium content are improved, the organic selenium has a good absorption effect on people and animals, has low toxicity and is more suitable for supplementing selenium, and the ecological selenium enrichment is achieved, wherein the total selenium content is up to 0.275mg/kg, and the organic selenium content is up to 0.234 mg/kg; (3) the total selenium content and the organic selenium content are obviously improved by applying different fertilizers in different growth periods of the rice, wherein the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer has good compatibility and sufficient nutrients, and can be fully absorbed by the rice; (4) the mulberry leaf extract and the fish grass extract prepared by the method are used for further improving the total selenium content and the organic selenium content.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention is characterized in that the parts are all parts by weight unless otherwise stated, and the raw materials are all commercially available.
Example 1
A planting method of selenium-rich rice comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection and treatment: selecting high-quality rice seeds, soaking the rice seeds in seed soaking liquid at 28 ℃ for 2d, taking out and cleaning the rice seeds for 3 times by using clear water, packaging the cleaned rice seeds by using a breathable cloth bag, preheating the rice seeds by using 60 ℃ water vapor at 50 ℃, putting the breathable cloth bag in a rice straw pile for accelerating germination for 24 hours, then coating the seeds by using a seed coating agent, wherein the dosage of the seed coating agent is 0.5 percent of the weight of the seeds, and drying the seeds in the shade for later use;
(2) seedling culture: selecting a seedling bed land with high terrain, flatness and convenient irrigation and drainage as a seedling raising land for rice, deeply ploughing the land by 30cm, digging the seedling bed to loosen the seedling bed to make soil blocks fine, applying selenium-rich fertilizer to the seedling bed, sowing, wherein the application amount of the selenium-rich fertilizer is 35kg per mu, and sowing 12kg of rice seeds per mu, and transplanting the rice seedlings in a field when the rice seedlings grow to 25 cm;
(3) transplanting: 4 days before transplanting, supplying water to the field, ploughing and raking, uniformly applying silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer to the field according to 80kg per mu, and uniformly transplanting 1.8 ten thousand plants per mu;
(4) field management: respectively applying the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer once in a tillering stage, a flowering promoting stage, a flowering maintaining stage, a booting stage and a grain filling stage of the rice, and diluting 200 times of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer aqueous solution by using deionized water when in use, wherein the fertilizing amount is 18kg of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer aqueous solution per mu;
(5) harvesting: and performing daily irrigation and pest and disease damage management on the seedlings, and harvesting when the rice ears are hung down and are golden yellow.
The preparation method of the seed soaking liquid comprises the following steps: adding 18 parts of biogas slurry, 1 part of chelated iron, 1.8 parts of chelated zinc, 1.5 parts of chelated calcium, 0.04 part of gibberellin and 2 parts of polyaspartic acid into 150 parts of deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a seed soaking solution.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 10 parts of selenium source, 18 parts of biochar, 8 parts of plant ash, 1.5 parts of ammonium molybdate, 2 parts of amino acid complex zinc, 1.5 parts of EDTA complex manganese, 6 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5 parts of urea and 2 parts of polyaspartic acid into 300 parts of deionized water, uniformly mixing, and granulating to obtain the selenium-rich fertilizer.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: 10 parts of selenium source, 8 parts of amino acid zinc complex, 4 parts of amino acid nickel complex, 5 parts of boric acid, 4 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5 parts of fulvic acid, 4 parts of glutamic acid, 1 part of coenzyme II, 4 parts of chelated iron and 5 parts of polyaspartic acid are added into a mixer. And mixing uniformly to obtain the selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer.
The selenium source is prepared from a fish grass extract, a mulberry leaf extract, EDTA chelated selenium and sodium selenite according to a weight ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1, the selenium source is a selenium source in a selenium-rich fertilizer and a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer.
The preparation method of the mulberry leaf extract comprises the following steps:
drying folium Mori, and pulverizing to 80 mesh to obtain folium Mori dry powder;
adding folium Mori into deionized water 10 times of folium Mori, extracting under ultrasonic power of 500W for 12 hr to obtain extractive solution, and vacuum drying to obtain folium Mori extract.
The preparation method of the fish grass extract comprises the following steps:
drying the fish grass, and crushing to 80 meshes to obtain dry fish grass powder;
adding the dry powder of the fish grass into n-hexane which is 5 times of the weight of the fish grass, extracting for 3 times under reflux, 3 hours each time, filtering after extracting under reflux, and drying under vacuum to obtain the fish grass extract.
Example 2
A planting method of selenium-rich rice comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection and treatment: selecting high-quality rice seeds, soaking the rice seeds in seed soaking liquid at 28 ℃ for 2d, taking out and cleaning the rice seeds for 3 times by using clear water, packaging the cleaned rice seeds by using a breathable cloth bag, preheating the rice seeds by using 60 ℃ water vapor at 50 ℃, putting the breathable cloth bag in a rice straw pile for accelerating germination for 24 hours, then coating the seeds by using a seed coating agent, wherein the dosage of the seed coating agent is 0.5 percent of the weight of the seeds, and drying the seeds in the shade for later use;
(2) seedling culture: selecting a seedling bed land with high terrain, flatness and convenient irrigation and drainage as a seedling raising land for rice, deeply ploughing the land by 30cm, digging the seedling bed to loosen the seedling bed to make soil blocks fine, applying selenium-rich fertilizer to the seedling bed, sowing, wherein the application amount of the selenium-rich fertilizer is 35kg per mu, and sowing 12kg of rice seeds per mu, and transplanting the rice seedlings in a field when the rice seedlings grow to 25 cm;
(3) transplanting: 4 days before transplanting, supplying water to the field, ploughing and raking, uniformly applying silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer to the field according to 80kg per mu, and uniformly transplanting 1.8 ten thousand plants per mu;
(4) field management: respectively applying the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer once in a tillering stage, a flowering promoting stage, a flowering maintaining stage, a booting stage and a grain filling stage of the rice, and diluting 200 times of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer aqueous solution by using deionized water when in use, wherein the fertilizing amount is 18kg of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer aqueous solution per mu;
(5) harvesting: and performing daily irrigation and pest and disease damage management on the seedlings, and harvesting when the rice ears are hung down and are golden yellow.
The preparation method of the seed soaking liquid comprises the following steps: adding 18 parts of biogas slurry, 1 part of chelated iron, 1.8 parts of chelated zinc, 1.5 parts of chelated calcium, 0.04 part of gibberellin and 2 parts of polyaspartic acid into 150 parts of deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a seed soaking solution.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 5 parts of selenium source, 10 parts of biochar, 5 parts of plant ash, 0.5 part of ammonium molybdate, 1 part of amino acid complex zinc, 0.5 part of EDTA complex manganese, 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of urea and 1 part of polyaspartic acid into 200 parts of deionized water, uniformly mixing, and granulating to obtain the selenium-rich fertilizer.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: 10 parts of selenium source, 8 parts of amino acid zinc complex, 4 parts of amino acid nickel complex, 5 parts of boric acid, 4 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5 parts of fulvic acid, 4 parts of glutamic acid, 1 part of coenzyme II, 4 parts of chelated iron and 5 parts of polyaspartic acid are added into a mixer. And mixing uniformly to obtain the selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer.
The selenium source is prepared from a fish grass extract, a mulberry leaf extract, EDTA chelated selenium and sodium selenite according to a weight ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1, the selenium source is a selenium source in a selenium-rich fertilizer and a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer.
The preparation method of the mulberry leaf extract comprises the following steps:
drying folium Mori, and pulverizing to 80 mesh to obtain folium Mori dry powder;
adding folium Mori into deionized water 10 times of folium Mori, extracting under ultrasonic power of 500W for 12 hr to obtain extractive solution, and vacuum drying to obtain folium Mori extract.
The preparation method of the fish grass extract comprises the following steps:
drying the fish grass, and crushing to 80 meshes to obtain dry fish grass powder;
adding the dry powder of the fish grass into n-hexane which is 5 times of the weight of the fish grass, extracting for 3 times under reflux, 3 hours each time, filtering after extracting under reflux, and drying under vacuum to obtain the fish grass extract.
Example 3
A planting method of selenium-rich rice comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection and treatment: selecting high-quality rice seeds, soaking the rice seeds in seed soaking liquid at 28 ℃ for 2d, taking out and cleaning the rice seeds for 3 times by using clear water, packaging the cleaned rice seeds by using a breathable cloth bag, preheating the rice seeds by using 60 ℃ water vapor at 50 ℃, putting the breathable cloth bag in a rice straw pile for accelerating germination for 24 hours, then coating the seeds by using a seed coating agent, wherein the dosage of the seed coating agent is 0.5 percent of the weight of the seeds, and drying the seeds in the shade for later use;
(2) seedling culture: selecting a seedling bed land with high terrain, flatness and convenient irrigation and drainage as a seedling raising land for rice, deeply ploughing the land by 30cm, digging the seedling bed to loosen the seedling bed to make soil blocks fine, applying selenium-rich fertilizer to the seedling bed, sowing, wherein the application amount of the selenium-rich fertilizer is 35kg per mu, and sowing 12kg of rice seeds per mu, and transplanting the rice seedlings in a field when the rice seedlings grow to 25 cm;
(3) transplanting: 4 days before transplanting, supplying water to the field, ploughing and raking, uniformly applying silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer to the field according to 80kg per mu, and uniformly transplanting 1.8 ten thousand plants per mu;
(4) field management: respectively applying the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer once in a tillering stage, a flowering promoting stage, a flowering maintaining stage, a booting stage and a grain filling stage of the rice, and diluting 200 times of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer aqueous solution by using deionized water when in use, wherein the fertilizing amount is 18kg of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer aqueous solution per mu;
(5) harvesting: and performing daily irrigation and pest and disease damage management on the seedlings, and harvesting when the rice ears are hung down and are golden yellow.
The preparation method of the seed soaking liquid comprises the following steps: adding 18 parts of biogas slurry, 1 part of chelated iron, 1.8 parts of chelated zinc, 1.5 parts of chelated calcium, 0.04 part of gibberellin and 2 parts of polyaspartic acid into 150 parts of deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a seed soaking solution.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich fertilizer comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the selenium-rich fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 15 parts of selenium source, 20 parts of biochar, 10 parts of plant ash, 2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 3 parts of amino acid complex zinc, 2 parts of EDTA complex manganese, 8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 6 parts of urea and 5 parts of polyaspartic acid into 400 parts of deionized water, uniformly mixing, and granulating to obtain the selenium-enriched fertilizer.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: 10 parts of selenium source, 8 parts of amino acid zinc complex, 4 parts of amino acid nickel complex, 5 parts of boric acid, 4 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5 parts of fulvic acid, 4 parts of glutamic acid, 1 part of coenzyme II, 4 parts of chelated iron and 5 parts of polyaspartic acid are added into a mixer. And mixing uniformly to obtain the selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer.
The selenium source is prepared from a fish grass extract, a mulberry leaf extract, EDTA chelated selenium and sodium selenite according to a weight ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1, the selenium source is a selenium source in a selenium-rich fertilizer and a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer.
The preparation method of the mulberry leaf extract comprises the following steps:
drying folium Mori, and pulverizing to 80 mesh to obtain folium Mori dry powder;
adding folium Mori into deionized water 10 times of folium Mori, extracting under ultrasonic power of 500W for 12 hr to obtain extractive solution, and vacuum drying to obtain folium Mori extract.
The preparation method of the fish grass extract comprises the following steps:
drying the fish grass, and crushing to 80 meshes to obtain dry fish grass powder;
adding the dry powder of the fish grass into n-hexane which is 5 times of the weight of the fish grass, extracting for 3 times under reflux, 3 hours each time, filtering after extracting under reflux, and drying under vacuum to obtain the fish grass extract.
Example 4
A planting method of selenium-rich rice comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection and treatment: selecting high-quality rice seeds, soaking the rice seeds in seed soaking liquid at 28 ℃ for 2d, taking out and cleaning the rice seeds for 3 times by using clear water, packaging the cleaned rice seeds by using a breathable cloth bag, preheating the rice seeds by using 60 ℃ water vapor at 50 ℃, putting the breathable cloth bag in a rice straw pile for accelerating germination for 24 hours, then coating the seeds by using a seed coating agent, wherein the dosage of the seed coating agent is 0.5 percent of the weight of the seeds, and drying the seeds in the shade for later use;
(2) seedling culture: selecting a seedling bed land with high terrain, flatness and convenient irrigation and drainage as a seedling raising land for rice, deeply ploughing the land by 30cm, digging the seedling bed to loosen the seedling bed to make soil blocks fine, applying selenium-rich fertilizer to the seedling bed, sowing, wherein the application amount of the selenium-rich fertilizer is 35kg per mu, and sowing 12kg of rice seeds per mu, and transplanting the rice seedlings in a field when the rice seedlings grow to 25 cm;
(3) transplanting: 4 days before transplanting, supplying water to the field, ploughing and raking, uniformly applying silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer to the field according to 80kg per mu, and uniformly transplanting 1.8 ten thousand plants per mu;
(4) field management: respectively applying the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer once in a tillering stage, a flowering promoting stage, a flowering maintaining stage, a booting stage and a grain filling stage of the rice, and diluting 200 times of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer aqueous solution by using deionized water when in use, wherein the fertilizing amount is 18kg of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer aqueous solution per mu;
(5) harvesting: and performing daily irrigation and pest and disease damage management on the seedlings, and harvesting when the rice ears are hung down and are golden yellow.
The preparation method of the seed soaking liquid comprises the following steps: adding 18 parts of biogas slurry, 1 part of chelated iron, 1.8 parts of chelated zinc, 1.5 parts of chelated calcium, 0.04 part of gibberellin and 2 parts of polyaspartic acid into 150 parts of deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a seed soaking solution.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 10 parts of selenium source, 18 parts of biochar, 8 parts of plant ash, 1.5 parts of ammonium molybdate, 2 parts of amino acid complex zinc, 1.5 parts of EDTA complex manganese, 6 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5 parts of urea and 2 parts of polyaspartic acid into 300 parts of deionized water, uniformly mixing, and granulating to obtain the selenium-rich fertilizer.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 5 parts of selenium source, 4 parts of amino acid zinc complex, 2 parts of amino acid nickel complex, 3 parts of boric acid, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of fulvic acid, 3 parts of glutamic acid, 0.5 part of coenzyme II, 2 parts of chelated iron and 2 parts of polyaspartic acid into a mixer. And mixing uniformly to obtain the selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer.
The selenium source is prepared from a fish grass extract, a mulberry leaf extract, EDTA chelated selenium and sodium selenite according to a weight ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1, the selenium source is a selenium source in a selenium-rich fertilizer and a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer.
The preparation method of the mulberry leaf extract comprises the following steps:
drying folium Mori, and pulverizing to 80 mesh to obtain folium Mori dry powder;
adding folium Mori into deionized water 10 times of folium Mori, extracting under ultrasonic power of 500W for 12 hr to obtain extractive solution, and vacuum drying to obtain folium Mori extract.
The preparation method of the fish grass extract comprises the following steps:
drying the fish grass, and crushing to 80 meshes to obtain dry fish grass powder;
adding the dry powder of the fish grass into n-hexane which is 5 times of the weight of the fish grass, extracting for 3 times under reflux, 3 hours each time, filtering after extracting under reflux, and drying under vacuum to obtain the fish grass extract.
Example 5
A planting method of selenium-rich rice comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection and treatment: selecting high-quality rice seeds, soaking the rice seeds in seed soaking liquid at 28 ℃ for 2d, taking out and cleaning the rice seeds for 3 times by using clear water, packaging the cleaned rice seeds by using a breathable cloth bag, preheating the rice seeds by using 60 ℃ water vapor at 50 ℃, putting the breathable cloth bag in a rice straw pile for accelerating germination for 24 hours, then coating the seeds by using a seed coating agent, wherein the dosage of the seed coating agent is 0.5 percent of the weight of the seeds, and drying the seeds in the shade for later use;
(2) seedling culture: selecting a seedling bed land with high terrain, flatness and convenient irrigation and drainage as a seedling raising land for rice, deeply ploughing the land by 30cm, digging the seedling bed to loosen the seedling bed to make soil blocks fine, applying selenium-rich fertilizer to the seedling bed, sowing, wherein the application amount of the selenium-rich fertilizer is 35kg per mu, and sowing 12kg of rice seeds per mu, and transplanting the rice seedlings in a field when the rice seedlings grow to 25 cm;
(3) transplanting: 4 days before transplanting, supplying water to the field, ploughing and raking, uniformly applying silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer to the field according to 80kg per mu, and uniformly transplanting 1.8 ten thousand plants per mu;
(4) field management: respectively applying the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer once in a tillering stage, a flowering promoting stage, a flowering maintaining stage, a booting stage and a grain filling stage of the rice, and diluting 200 times of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer aqueous solution by using deionized water when in use, wherein the fertilizing amount is 18kg of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer aqueous solution per mu;
(5) harvesting: and performing daily irrigation and pest and disease damage management on the seedlings, and harvesting when the rice ears are hung down and are golden yellow.
The preparation method of the seed soaking liquid comprises the following steps: adding 18 parts of biogas slurry, 1 part of chelated iron, 1.8 parts of chelated zinc, 1.5 parts of chelated calcium, 0.04 part of gibberellin and 2 parts of polyaspartic acid into 150 parts of deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a seed soaking solution.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 15 parts of selenium source, 10 parts of amino acid zinc complex, 5 parts of amino acid nickel complex, 6 parts of boric acid, 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of fulvic acid, 5 parts of glutamic acid, 2 parts of coenzyme II, 5 parts of chelated iron and 6 parts of polyaspartic acid into a mixer. And mixing uniformly to obtain the selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: 10 parts of selenium source, 8 parts of amino acid zinc complex, 4 parts of amino acid nickel complex, 5 parts of boric acid, 4 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5 parts of fulvic acid, 4 parts of glutamic acid, 1 part of coenzyme II, 4 parts of chelated iron and 5 parts of polyaspartic acid are added into a mixer. And mixing uniformly to obtain the selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer.
The selenium source is prepared from a fish grass extract, a mulberry leaf extract, EDTA chelated selenium and sodium selenite according to a weight ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1, the selenium source is a selenium source in a selenium-rich fertilizer and a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer.
The preparation method of the mulberry leaf extract comprises the following steps:
drying folium Mori, and pulverizing to 80 mesh to obtain folium Mori dry powder;
adding folium Mori into deionized water 10 times of folium Mori, extracting under ultrasonic power of 500W for 12 hr to obtain extractive solution, and vacuum drying to obtain folium Mori extract.
The preparation method of the fish grass extract comprises the following steps:
drying the fish grass, and crushing to 80 meshes to obtain dry fish grass powder;
adding the dry powder of the fish grass into n-hexane which is 5 times of the weight of the fish grass, extracting for 3 times under reflux, 3 hours each time, filtering after extracting under reflux, and drying under vacuum to obtain the fish grass extract.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that the selenium source described in comparative example 1 is a single sodium selenite, all else being identical.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that the selenium source is a single extract of grass of roentgen, all other things being equal.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is different from example 1 in that the selenium source is a single mulberry leaf extract, and the others are the same.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 differs from example 1 in that the selenium source is a single EDTA chelated selenium, all else being the same.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5 is different from example 1 in that the mulberry leaf extract of comparative example 5, which is commercially available and the others are the same, is purchased from health bioscience, ltd.
Comparative example 6
Comparative example 6 is different from example 1 in that the extract of Yucao described in comparative example 6 is commercially available, and the others are the same, and the extract of Yunuo, West Ann was purchased from bioengineering, Inc.
To further demonstrate the effect of the present invention, the following test methods were provided:
1. the Shanyou 016 is planted according to the planting methods of the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-6, the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-6 are divided into 11 groups, 33 mu is planted respectively, three mu are planted in each group, after harvesting, the total selenium content and the organic selenium content in the rice harvested in the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-6 (30 groups are tested respectively, the average value is taken, and 10 groups are selected for testing per mu), and the results are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 selenium content test results
As can be seen from the table 1, the planting method of the selenium-enriched rice can effectively improve the total selenium content and the organic selenium content in the rice; compared with the examples 1-3, the proportion of different selenium-rich fertilizers can influence the total selenium content and the organic selenium content of the rice; compared with the examples 1, 4 and 5, the proportion of different selenium-rich foliar fertilizers can influence the total selenium content and the organic selenium content of the rice; comparing example 1 with comparative examples 1-4, it can be seen that the selenium source is a mixture of a fish grass extract, a mulberry leaf extract, EDTA chelated selenium, and sodium selenite in a weight ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1, the total selenium content and the organic selenium content of the rice can be obviously improved; comparing example 1 with comparative examples 5 and 6, it can be seen that the mulberry leaf extract and the grass carp extract prepared by the present invention can increase the total selenium content and the organic selenium content of rice more than the commercially available mulberry leaf extract and grass carp extract.
In light of the foregoing description of preferred embodiments according to the invention, it is clear that many changes and modifications can be made by the person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A planting method of selenium-rich rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seed selection and treatment: selecting high-quality rice seeds, soaking the rice seeds for 1-3 days at 25-32 ℃ by using a seed soaking liquid, taking out the rice seeds, cleaning the rice seeds for 2-4 times by using clear water, packaging the cleaned rice seeds by using a breathable cloth bag, preheating the packaged rice seeds by using steam at 55-70 ℃ for 45-55 ℃, putting the breathable cloth bag in a rice straw pile for accelerating germination for 18-30 hours, and then coating the seeds by using a seed coating agent, wherein the dosage of the seed coating agent is 0.4-0.6% of the weight of the seeds, and drying the seeds in the shade for later use;
(2) seedling culture: selecting a seedling field with higher terrain, flatness and convenient irrigation and drainage as a seedling raising field of rice, deeply ploughing 25-35 cm of the field, digging the seedling field to loosen the seedling field, finely crushing soil blocks, applying a selenium-rich fertilizer to the seedling field, wherein the application amount of the selenium-rich fertilizer is 30-40 kg per mu, then sowing, wherein the sowing amount is 10-14 kg of rice seeds per mu, and transplanting the rice seeds in the field when the rice seedlings grow to 22-26 cm;
(3) transplanting: supplying water to the field 2-5 days before transplanting, ploughing and raking, uniformly applying silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer to the field according to 70-90 kg per mu, and uniformly transplanting 1.6-2 ten thousand plants per mu;
(4) field management: respectively applying selenium-rich foliar fertilizers once in a tillering stage, a flowering promoting stage, a flowering maintaining stage, a booting stage and a grain filling stage of the rice, and diluting 100-300 times of selenium-rich foliar fertilizer aqueous solution by using deionized water when the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer aqueous solution is used, wherein the fertilizing amount is 10-20 kg of the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer aqueous solution per mu;
(5) harvesting: and performing daily irrigation and pest and disease damage management on the seedlings, and harvesting when the rice ears are hung down and are golden yellow.
2. The planting method of the selenium-enriched rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the seed soaking liquid is as follows: adding 10-20 parts of biogas slurry, 0.5-2 parts of chelated iron, 0.5-2 parts of chelated zinc, 0.5-2 parts of chelated calcium, 0.02-0.05 part of gibberellin and 1-3 parts of polyaspartic acid into 100-200 parts of deionized water, and uniformly stirring to obtain the seed soaking liquid.
3. The planting method of the selenium-enriched rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the selenium-enriched fertilizer is as follows: adding 5-15 parts of selenium source, 10-20 parts of biochar, 5-10 parts of plant ash, 0.5-2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1-3 parts of amino acid complex zinc, 0.5-2 parts of EDTA complex manganese, 4-8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2-6 parts of urea and 1-5 parts of polyaspartic acid into 200-400 parts of deionized water, uniformly mixing, and granulating to obtain the selenium-rich fertilizer.
4. The planting method of the selenium-enriched rice as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the selenium-enriched fertilizer is as follows: adding 10 parts of selenium source, 18 parts of biochar, 8 parts of plant ash, 1.5 parts of ammonium molybdate, 2 parts of amino acid complex zinc, 1.5 parts of EDTA complex manganese, 6 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 5 parts of urea and 2 parts of polyaspartic acid into 300 parts of deionized water, uniformly mixing, and granulating to obtain the selenium-rich fertilizer.
5. The planting method of the selenium-enriched rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer is as follows: adding 5-15 parts of selenium source, 4-10 parts of amino acid zinc complex, 2-5 parts of amino acid nickel complex, 3-6 parts of boric acid, 2-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5-2 parts of fulvic acid, 3-5 parts of glutamic acid, 0.5-2 parts of coenzyme II, 2-5 parts of chelated iron and 2-6 parts of polyaspartic acid into a mixer, and uniformly mixing to obtain the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer.
6. The planting method of the selenium-enriched rice as claimed in claim 5, wherein the preparation method of the selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer is as follows: adding 10 parts of selenium source, 8 parts of amino acid zinc complex, 4 parts of amino acid nickel complex, 5 parts of boric acid, 4 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1.5 parts of fulvic acid, 4 parts of glutamic acid, 1 part of coenzyme II, 4 parts of chelated iron and 5 parts of polyaspartic acid into a mixer, and uniformly mixing to obtain the selenium-rich foliar fertilizer.
7. The planting method of the selenium-enriched rice as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the selenium source is selected from a group consisting of a grass extract, a mulberry leaf extract, EDTA chelated selenium, sodium selenite in a weight ratio of 1: 0.5-1.5: 0.5-1.5: 0.5 to 1.5.
8. The planting method of the selenium-enriched rice as claimed in claim 7, wherein the selenium source is selected from the group consisting of a grass extract, a mulberry leaf extract, EDTA chelated selenium, sodium selenite in a weight ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1.
9. The planting method of selenium-enriched rice as claimed in claim 7, wherein the mulberry leaf extract is prepared by the following steps:
drying mulberry leaves, and crushing to 60-100 meshes to obtain mulberry leaf dry powder;
adding mulberry leaves into deionized water with the weight of 8-15 times that of the mulberry leaves, extracting for 10-16 hours under the ultrasonic power of 400-600W to obtain an extracting solution, and drying in vacuum to obtain the mulberry leaf extract.
10. The planting method of the selenium-enriched rice as claimed in claim 7, wherein the preparation method of the grass carp extract is:
drying the fish grass, and crushing to 60-100 meshes to obtain dry fish grass powder;
adding the dried powder of the fish grass into n-hexane which is 4-8 times of the weight of the fish grass, extracting for 1-3 times by refluxing for 2-4 hours each time, filtering after extracting by refluxing, and drying in vacuum to obtain the fish grass extract.
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