CN102701150B - 重整器***的运转方法 - Google Patents
重整器***的运转方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102701150B CN102701150B CN201210170176.2A CN201210170176A CN102701150B CN 102701150 B CN102701150 B CN 102701150B CN 201210170176 A CN201210170176 A CN 201210170176A CN 102701150 B CN102701150 B CN 102701150B
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- temperature
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- reforming catalyst
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- reformed gas
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 201
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 52
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- AHKZTVQIVOEVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxide(2-) Chemical compound [O-2] AHKZTVQIVOEVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMVZSICZWDQCMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Sr+2].[La+3] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Sr+2].[La+3] YMVZSICZWDQCMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002453 autothermal reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 dme etc.Wherein Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003283 rhodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种重整器***、燃料电池***及其运转方法。在燃料电池***(1)中,在停止燃料电池3中的发电的时候,虽然减少导入重整器(2)的重整催化剂(2a)的原燃料的导入量,但是,此时,在重整催化剂2a的温度下降到未重整气体产生温度之前,将空气导入到重整催化剂(2a)里以升高重整催化剂(2a)的温度。此时,在重整催化剂(2a)的温度下降到未重整气体产生温度之前,进行加热重整催化剂(2a)及向重整催化剂(2a)导入空气的至少一项。从而,由于重整催化剂(2a)的温度升高,因此,可在燃料电池(3)中的发电停止时,防止产生未重整气体,将重整气体供给给燃料电池(3)。
Description
本申请是申请日为2009年8月14日,申请号为200880005091.0,国际申请日为2008年2月14日,国际申请号为PCT/JP2008/052456,发明名称为“重整器***、燃料电池***及其运转方法”的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及具有通过利用重整催化剂重整原燃料来生成重整气体的重整器的重整器***、还具有将重整气体用作燃料的固体氧化物型燃料电池的燃料电池***及其运转方法。
背景技术
作为以往的燃料电池***,公知其具有在固体氧化物型燃料电池中停止发电时,将贮藏于液体氮贮藏箱里的氮供给给燃料电池的燃料极的燃料极氮供给设备(例如,参照专利文献1)。利用这样的燃料电池***,在固体氧化物型燃料电池中停止发电时,可防止在燃料电池中用于燃料极中的镍等氧化膨胀,结果,可避免包含氧化钇稳定化氧化锆等的电解质发生破损。
专利文献1:日本特开2004-220942号
但是,在上述那样的以往的燃料电池***中,由于必须设置液体氮贮藏箱、燃料极氮供给设备,因此使构造复杂化。
发明内容
因此,本发明是鉴于上述问题而做成的,其目的是提供一种在固体氧化物型燃料电池中停止发电时,能够以简单的构造避免损坏燃料电池的重整器***、燃料电池***及其运转方法。
为了达成上述目的,本发明的重整器***的运转方法是具有通过利用重整催化剂重整原燃料来生成用作固体氧化物型燃料电池的燃料的重整气体的重整器的重整器***的运转方法,其特征在于,上述重整器***包括将原燃料导入重整催化剂里的原燃料导入机构;加热重整催化剂的加热机构;将空气导入重整催化剂里的空气导入机构;检测重整催化剂温度的温度检测机构;在上述重整器***中,在燃料电池中停止发电时,对原燃料导入机构进行减少原燃料的导入量的控制,在由温度检测机构所检测到的温度下降到未重整气体产生温度之前,进行控制加热机构加热重整催化剂及控制空气导入机构将空气导入于重整催化剂里的控制中的至少一项控制,上述未重整气体产生温度是指,上述原燃料未被上述重整催化剂完全重整并产生未重整气体而开始混入到重整气体的温度,该未重整气体产生温度对应上述原燃料的导入量而被预先设定。
另外,本发明的燃料电池***是包括通过利用重整催化剂重整原燃料来生成重整气体的重整器及将重整气体用作燃料的固体氧化物型燃料电池的燃料电池***,其特征在于,包括将原燃料导入重整催化剂里的原燃料导入机构;加热重整催化剂的加热机构;将空气导入重整催化剂的空气导入机构;检测重整催化剂的温度的温度检测机构;控制机构,其在燃料电池中停止发电时,对原燃料导入机构进行减少原燃料的导入量的控制,在由温度检测机构所检测到的温度下降到未重整气体产生温度之前,进行控制加热机构加热重整催化剂及控制空气导入机构将空气导入于重整催化剂里的控制中的至少一项控制。
另外,本发明的燃料电池***的运转方法是包括通过利用重整催化剂重整原燃料来生成重整气体的重整器及将重整气体用作燃料的固体氧化物型燃料电池的燃料电池***的运转方法,其特征在于,在燃料电池中停止发电时,减少原燃料向重整催化剂里的导入量,在重整催化剂的温度下降到未重整气体产生温度之前,进行加热重整催化剂及向重整催化剂里导入空气中的任一项。
在上述重整器***、燃料电池***及其运转方法中,在固体氧化物型燃料电池中停止发电时,虽然减少了导入于重整器的重整催化剂里的原燃料的导入量,但是,此时,在重整催化剂的温度下降到未重整气体产生温度之前,进行加热重整催化剂及向重整催化剂导入空气的至少一项。从而,由于重整催化剂的温度上升,在固体氧化物型燃料电池中停止发电时,可防止产生未重整气体,将重整气体供给给燃料电池。因此,在固体氧化物型燃料电池中停止发电时,即使不用如以往那样设置液体氮贮藏箱、燃料极氮供给设备,也可以简单的结构避免对燃料电池带来损坏。
在本发明的重整器***中,控制机构优选为对应于由原燃料导入机构导入的原燃料的导入量的减少来控制加热机构改变对重整催化剂的加热量。另外,在本发明的重整器***中,控制机构优选为对应于由原燃料导入机构导入的原燃料的导入量的减少来控制空气导入机构改变空气的导入量。从而,使重整催化剂的温度上升,能够可靠地防止产生未重整气体。
在本发明的重整器***中,加热机构优选为加热器、燃烧器及燃烧废气。利用加热器、燃烧器及燃烧废气,能够加热重整催化剂而可靠且易于使重整催化剂的温度上升。
在本发明的重整器***中,温度检测机构优选在由原燃料导入机构导入的原燃料的流路的中心轴线上检测重整催化剂的温度。从而,能够在重整催化剂中正确地检测出原燃料的主要发生重整反应的部分的温度。
通过本发明,在固体氧化物型燃料电池中停止发电时,能够以简单的结构来避免给燃料电池带来损坏。
附图说明
图1是本发明的燃料电池***的一实施方式的主视图。
图2是图1所示的燃料电池***的俯视图。
图3是表示图1所示的燃料电池***进入冷待机时的运转方法的流程图。
图4是表示图1所示的燃料电池***进入热待机时的运转方法的流程图。
图5是本发明的燃料电池***的其他实施方式的俯视图。
附图标记说明
1 燃料电池***
2 重整器
2a 重整催化剂
3 燃料电池
4 原燃料导入装置(原燃料导入机构)
5 加热器(加热机构)
6 空气导入装置(空气导入机构)
7 温度检测器(温度检测机构)
8 单电池温度检测器(单电池温度检测机构)
9 控制装置(控制机构)
10 重整器***
L1 原燃料流路的中心轴线
L2 空气流路的中心轴线
具体实施方式
以下,参照图示详细说明本发明的适宜的实施方式。
如图1及图2所示,燃料电池***1包括通过利用重整催化剂2a重整原燃料来生成重整气体的重整器2及将重整气体用作燃料的固体氧化物型燃料电池3。
重整器2利用重整催化剂2a使原燃料与水蒸气(水)发生水蒸气重整反应,生成含有氢的重整气体。由于水蒸气重整反应是吸热反应,因此重整器2将燃料电池3的排热利用于水蒸气重整反应上。作为重整催化剂2a,可使用公知可作为水蒸气重整催化剂的催化剂。即,作为水蒸气重整催化剂的例子,可举出钌类催化剂及镍类催化剂。
作为原燃料,重整气体的原料可从在固体氧化物型燃料电池的领域中周知的烃类燃料,即,分子中包含碳与氢的化合物(也可包含氧等其他元素)或它们的混合物中适当地选用。例如,烃类、醇类、醚类等分子中含有碳与氢的化合物。更具体而言,其为甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷、天然气、LPG(液化石油气)、市区天然气、汽油、石脑油、灯油、轻油等烃类,甲醇、乙醇等醇类,二甲醚等醚类等。其中,由于灯油、LPG易于取得而优选。另外,由于灯油、LPG可独立贮藏,因此可用在未普及市区天然气管路的地域。另外,使用灯油、LPG的固体氧化物型燃料电池,可用作紧急用电源。
燃料电池3通过被称为SOFC(Solid Oxide Fuel Cells,固体氧化物型燃料单电池)的多个单电池进行发电。单电池通过将作为固体氧化物的电解质配置于燃料极与空气极之间而构成。电解质例如由氧化钇稳定化氧化锆(YSZ)组成,在800℃~1000℃的温度下传导氧化物离子。燃料极例如由镍与YSZ的混合物组成,使氧化物离子与重整气体中的氢发生反应而产生电子和水。空气极例如由锰酸锶镧组成,使空气中的氧与电子发生反应而产生氧化物离子。
另外,燃料电池***1包括将原燃料及水蒸气(水)导入重整催化剂2a里的原燃料导入装置(原燃料导入机构)4、加热重整催化剂2a的多个加热器(加热机构)5、将空气导入重整催化剂2a的多个空气导入装置(空气导入机构)6及将空气导入阴极(空气极)的阴极用空气导入装置(阴极用空气导入机构)(未图示)。原燃料导入装置4具有用于导入原燃料及水蒸气的原燃料导入管及用于调节原燃料及水蒸气的导入量的导入量调节阀等。各空气导入装置6及阴极用空气导入装置具有用于导入空气的空气导入管及用于调节空气的导入量的导入量调节阀等。加热器5例如是埋设于重整催化剂2a中的陶瓷加热器。
另外,燃料电池***1包括用于检测重整催化剂2a的温度的多个温度检测器(温度检测机构)7、用于检测燃料电池3的单电池的温度的温度检测器8及用于控制整个***的控制装置(控制机构)9。温度检测器7、8例如为热电偶。各温度检测器7的测温接点配置在沿与中心轴线(由原燃料导入装置4导入的原燃料的流路的中心轴线)L1大致正交的方向相面对的加热器5与空气导入装置6的空气导入管之间的、中心轴线L1与中心轴线(由空气导入装置6导入的空气的流路的中心轴线)L2的交点上。即,各温度检测器6以与相互相面对的加热器5及空气导入装置6相对应的方式设置而成。
另外,由重整器2、原燃料导入装置4、加热器5、空气导入装置6、温度检测器7及控制装置9构成重整器***10。
接着,说明燃料电池***1的运转方法。
进入冷待机时
参照图3说明进入冷待机时的燃料电池***1的运转方法。另外,冷待机是指,在燃料电池***1完全停止运转且燃料电池3的单电池的温度在室温的状态下,燃料电池***1处于待机状态。由于在冷待机时启动燃料电池***1需要较长时间,因此在燃料电池3中停止发电的时间比较长的情形下采用冷待机。
如图3所示,首先,由控制装置9发出冷待机命令(步骤S11),停止来自燃料电池3的电流扫描(步骤S12)。即,利用控制装置9控制燃料电池3,停止燃料电池3中发电。接着,利用控制装置9控制原燃料导入装置4,减少向重整催化剂2a里导入的原燃料及水蒸气的导入量(步骤S13)。在此,原燃料及水蒸气的导入量开始渐渐减少。从而,燃料电池3的单电池的温度及重整催化剂2a的温度开始下降。
原燃料及水蒸气的导入量开始渐渐减少时,通过控制装置9判断各温度检测器7所检测的重整催化剂2a的温度是否在TR以下(步骤S14)。TR是未重整气体产生温度与额定运转时的重整催化剂2a的温度之间的温度,例如在原燃料为灯油的情况下为400℃~700℃的温度。在每个温度检测器7上适当地设定TR。另外,未重整气体产生温度是指,原燃料未被重整催化剂2a完全重整并产生可对燃料电池3的单电池带来损坏的碳数为2个以上的烃气体(未重整气体)而开始混入到重整气体的温度,其对应燃料的导入量而被预先设定。附带说一下,重整气体中的一氧化碳,在燃料极中与氧化物离子反应,成为电子及二氧化碳。
而且,若由各温度检测器7检测的重整催化剂2a的温度在TR以下,则通过控制装置9实行以下的加热器输出处理及空气导入处理的至少一项处理(步骤S15)。另外,对于是否只实行加热器输出处理、只实行空气导入处理、或者实行加热器输出处理及空气导入处理的两项中任一项,每次都从经济性、重整催化剂2a的温度上升的响应性等观点出发决定为最适宜化。作为一例,在重整催化剂2a的温度比较高的初期阶段,实行空气导入处理实现自热重整反应(ATR),在重整催化剂2a的温度成为规定温度以下的阶段时,实行加热器输出处理及空气导入处理两项处理而包括由加热器5辅助加热。其后,与重整催化剂2a的温度相均衡地只实行加热器输出处理,或者与输出控制相均衡地继续实行加热器输出处理及空气导入处理的两项。以上的步骤S15的处理,对于后述热待机中的步骤S25也是相同的。
在加热器输出处理中,由控制装置9控制对应于检测出TR以下的温度的温度检测器7的加热器5,利用该加热器5加热重整催化剂2a而使重整催化剂2a的温度上升。当开始加热重整催化剂2a时,利用控制装置9判断温度检测器7所检测出的重整催化剂2a的温度是否在规定温度以下,若重整催化剂2a的温度为规定温度以下,则通过控制装置9增加加热器5的输出。规定温度为对应于渐减的原燃料及水蒸气的导入量,作为比未重整气体产生温度更高的温度而被设定多个,每次达到各规定温度以下时,则通过控制装置9改变加热器5的输出。这样,控制装置9对应于由原燃料导入装置4所导入的原燃料的导入量的减少,使加热器5改变对重整催化剂2a的加热量。从而,使重整催化剂2a的温度上升,能够可靠地防止产生未重整气体。
另外,在空气导入处理中,控制装置9控制对应于检测出TR以下的温度的温度检测器7的空气导入装置6,利用该空气导入装置6开始向重整催化剂2a导入空气。从而,可容易地使重整催化剂2a温度上升。即,空气导入装置6通过将空气导入于重整催化剂2a使重整催化剂2a的温度上升。这样,在燃料电池3进行额定运转时,由原燃料导入装置4将原燃料及水导入到重整催化剂2a里,高效地实现水蒸气重整反应,在燃料电池3中停止发电时,由空气导入装置6将空气导入到重整催化剂2a里而实现ATR。
当开始向重整催化剂2a导入空气时,利用控制装置9判断由温度检测器7检测的重整催化剂2a的温度是否为规定温度以下,若重整催化剂2a的温度为规定温度以下,则由控制装置9实行O2/C(所导入的燃料的燃烧比例)的增加处理。规定温度对应于渐减的原燃料及水蒸气的导入量,作为比未重整气体产生温度更高的温度而被设定多个,每次达到各规定温度以下时实行O2/C的增加处理。另外,O2/C的增加处理是指,例如,增加空气导入装置6向重整催化剂2a导入的空气的导入量的处理。在这样的情况下,控制装置9对应于由原燃料导入装置4所导入的原燃料的导入量的减少,使空气导入装置6导入的空气的导入量发生变化。从而,使重整催化剂2a的温度上升,能够可靠地防止产生未重整气体。
在实行以上的加热器输出处理及空气导入处理的至少一项的处理期间,利用控制装置9判断温度检测器8所检测的燃料电池3的单电池的温度是否在TC1以下(步骤16)。TC1是燃料电池3不需要作为燃料极的还原气体的重整气体的温度,该温度为100℃~500℃,优选100℃~300℃,更优选为100℃~200℃。并且,若温度检测器8所检测的单电池的温度为TC1以下,则由控制装置9控制原燃料导入装置4、加热器5及空气导入装置6之中正在工作的装置,使原燃料导入装置4停止导入原燃料及水蒸气,并且使加热器5停止输出并使空气导入装置6停止导入空气(步骤17)。
接着,利用控制装置9判断温度检测器8所检测的燃料电池3的单电池的温度是否为TC2以下(步骤18)。TC2是燃料电池3不需要向阴极导入空气的温度,该温度优选为50℃~200℃,更优选为50℃~100℃。并且,若温度检测器8所检测的单电池的温度为TC2以下,则利用控制装置9停止整个***的运转(步骤S19),燃料电池***1进入冷待机。
进入热待机时
参照图4说明进入热待机时的燃料电池***1的运转方法。另外,热待机是指,在燃料电池3中停止发电且燃料电池3的单电池的温度为工作温度的状态下,燃料电池***1处于待机状态。由于热待机在启动燃料电池***1时不需要较长时间,因此可在燃料电池3中停止发电的时间比较短的情况下采用。
如图4所示,首先,由控制装置9发出热待机命令(步骤S21),停止来自燃料电池3的电流扫描(步骤S22)。即,利用控制装置9控制燃料电池3,停止燃料电池3中的发电。接着,利用控制装置9控制原燃料导入装置4,减少向重整催化剂2a里导入的原燃料及水蒸气的导入量(步骤S23)。在此,使原燃料及水蒸气的导入量只减少规定的量。
而且,利用控制装置9判断是否满足由各温度检测器7所检测的重整催化剂2a的温度为TR以下且由温度检测器8所检测的燃料电池3的单电池的温度为TC3以上这样的条件(步骤S24)。TC3是单电池的工作温度,例如在电解质由YSZ组成的情况下,TC3是YSZ传导氧化物离子的800℃~1000℃的温度。
步骤S24的判断处理结果,在满足上述条件的情况下,为了防止在重整器2中产生未重整气体,利用控制装置9实行上述加热器输出处理及空气导入处理的至少一项处理(步骤25),返回到步骤S24的判断处理。另一方面,当步骤S24的判断结果不满足上述条件的情况下,利用控制装置9判断由温度检测器8所检测的燃料电池3的单电池的温度是否小于TC3(步骤26)。
步骤S26的判断处理结果,在燃料电池3的单电池的温度小于TC3时,为将单电池的温度维持在工作温度,利用控制装置9控制原燃料导入装置4,利用原燃料导入装置4增加向重整催化剂2a导入的原燃料及水蒸气的导入量(步骤S27),返回到步骤S24的判断处理。在此,原燃料及水蒸气的导入量仅增加比步骤S23的处理中所减少的规定量更少的规定量。另一方面,步骤S26的判断处理结果,在燃料电池3的单电池温度为TC3以上的情况下,返回到步骤S24的判断处理。
这样,从重整器2供给至燃料电池3的重整气体在燃料电池3的燃烧室中燃烧,燃料电池***1进入热待机。
如上述说明,在重整器***10、燃料电池***1及其运转方法中,在停止燃料电池3中的发电时,减少向重整器2的重整催化剂2a里导入的原燃料的导入量,但是,此时,在重整催化剂2a的温度下降到未重整气体产生温度之前,进行加热重整催化剂2a及向重整催化剂2a导入空气的至少一项。由此,由于重整催化剂2a的温度上升,在燃料电池3中的发电停止时,可防止产生未重整气体而将重整气体供给于燃料电池3。因此,在停止燃料电池3中的发电时,能够以简单的结构避免给燃料电池3带来损坏。
另外,温度检测器7在中心轴线L1上检测重整催化剂2a的温度。由此,能够正确地检测在重整催化剂2a中主要发生重整反应的部分的温度。
本发明并不限定于上述实施方式。
例如,如图5的(a)所示,加热器5及空气导入装置6也可分别为1个。另外,如图5的(b)所示,空气导入装置6也可将原燃料导入装置4的原燃料导入管用作其空气导入管。另外,也可通过代替加热器5而采用燃烧器及燃烧废气管来加热重整催化剂2a。通过燃烧器及燃烧废气管也可以与加热器5同样地可靠且容易地加热重整催化剂2a使重整催化剂2a的温度上升。
另外,燃料电池***1在进入冷待机时,也可以在停止电流扫描处理(步骤S12)之前,将输出下降到任意的部分负荷后,实施停止电流扫描的处理(步骤S12),并进行利用图3进行说明的冷待机停止步骤。在这样的情况下,在实行停止电流扫描处理(步骤S12)之前所发出的电力,例如蓄于蓄电器,或在负荷器中消耗即可。
另外,在燃料电池3进行额定运转时,可在重整器2中实现ATR及部分氧化重整反应。在上述情况下,同样只要在使向重整器2的重整催化剂2a里导入的原燃料的导入量减少且重整催化剂2a的温度下降到未重整气体产生温度之前,使重整催化剂2a的温度上升,即可在燃料电池3中停止发电时,以简单的结构防止产生未重整气体,可避免对燃料电池3带来损坏。另外,在上述情况下,作为重整催化剂2a可使用自动加热重整(自热重整)催化剂或作为部分氧化重整催化剂而被公知的催化剂。即,作为自动加热重整催化剂的例子可举出铑类催化剂,作为部分氧化重整催化剂的例子可举出铂类催化剂。
另外,燃料电池***1可以根据需要适当地设置间接内部型SOFC的周知的构成要素。若举出具体例子是用于使液体汽化的汽化器,用于给各种流体加压的泵、压缩机、吹风机等的升压机构,用于调节流体流量或用于阻断、切换流体流动的阀等的流量调节机构及流路阻断、切换机构,用于进行热交换、热回收的换热器,用于凝缩结气体的冷凝器,以蒸汽等对各种机器进行外加热的加热、保温机构,碳水化合物类燃料及可燃物的贮藏机构,计测用的空气及电气***,控制用的信号***,控制装置,输出用及动力用的电气***等。
工业实用性
若采用本发明,可在固体氧化物型燃料电池中停止发电时,以简单的结构避免对燃料电池带来损坏。
Claims (5)
1.一种重整器***的运转方法,该重整器***具有通过利用重整催化剂重整原燃料来生成用作固体氧化物型燃料电池的燃料的重整气体的重整器,其特征在于,上述重整器***包括:
原燃料导入机构,其将上述原燃料导入重整催化剂里;
加热机构,其加热上述重整催化剂;
空气导入机构,其将空气导入上述重整催化剂里;
温度检测机构,其检测上述重整催化剂温度;
在上述重整器***中,在上述燃料电池中停止发电时,使上述原燃料导入机构减少上述原燃料的导入量,在由上述温度检测机构所检测到的温度下降到未重整气体产生温度之前,进行控制上述加热机构加热上述重整催化剂及控制上述空气导入机构将空气导入于上述重整催化剂里的控制中的至少一项控制,
上述未重整气体产生温度是指,上述原燃料未被上述重整催化剂完全重整并产生未重整气体而开始混入到重整气体的温度,该未重整气体产生温度对应上述原燃料的导入量而被预先设定。
2.根据权利要求1所述的重整器***的运转方法,其特征在于,在上述重整器***中,在进行使上述加热机构加热上述重整催化剂的控制的情况下,判断利用上述温度检测机构所检测出的温度是否在规定温度以下,该规定温度高于上述未重整气体产生温度,若上述温度检测机构所检测出的温度为上述规定温度以下,则使上述加热机构增加对上述重整催化剂的加热量,
上述规定温度对应于利用上述原燃料导入机构导入的上述原燃料的导入量的减少,作为比未重整气体产生温度高的温度而被设定多个。
3.根据权利要求1所述的重整器***的运转方法,其特征在于,在上述重整器***中,在进行使上述空气导入机构向上述重整催化剂导入空气的控制的情况下,判断利用上述温度检测机构所检测出的温度是否在规定温度以下,该规定温度高于上述未重整气体产生温度,若上述温度检测机构所检测出的温度为上述规定温度以下,则使上述空气导入机构增加上述空气的导入量,
上述规定温度对应于利用上述原燃料导入机构导入的上述原燃料的导入量的减少,作为比未重整气体产生温度高的温度而被设定多个。
4.根据权利要求1所述的重整器***的运转方法,其特征在于,上述加热机构为加热器、燃烧器或燃烧废气管。
5.根据权利要求1所述的重整器***的运转方法,其特征在于,上述温度检测机构在由上述原燃料导入机构所导入的上述原燃料的流路的中心轴线上,检测上述重整催化剂的温度。
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2007
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2008
- 2008-02-14 US US12/527,097 patent/US20100119894A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-02-14 CN CN201210170176.2A patent/CN102701150B/zh active Active
- 2008-02-14 WO PCT/JP2008/052456 patent/WO2008099893A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2008-02-14 CA CA2678397A patent/CA2678397C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-02-14 CN CN2008800050910A patent/CN101611513B/zh active Active
- 2008-02-14 KR KR1020097018642A patent/KR101361597B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-02-14 EP EP08711295.9A patent/EP2124282B1/en active Active
- 2008-02-15 TW TW97105464A patent/TWI473339B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
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CN1860078A (zh) * | 2004-01-15 | 2006-11-08 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 氢生成装置及其运转方法和燃料电池***及其运转方法 |
JP2005302631A (ja) * | 2004-04-15 | 2005-10-27 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 燃料電池発電システム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TWI473339B (zh) | 2015-02-11 |
KR101361597B1 (ko) | 2014-02-12 |
CN101611513B (zh) | 2012-07-04 |
CN101611513A (zh) | 2009-12-23 |
CA2678397C (en) | 2015-01-06 |
WO2008099893A1 (ja) | 2008-08-21 |
TW200847517A (en) | 2008-12-01 |
KR20090109572A (ko) | 2009-10-20 |
CA2678397A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
EP2124282A1 (en) | 2009-11-25 |
EP2124282B1 (en) | 2013-05-22 |
JP2008204655A (ja) | 2008-09-04 |
CN102701150A (zh) | 2012-10-03 |
EP2124282A4 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
JP5064830B2 (ja) | 2012-10-31 |
US20100119894A1 (en) | 2010-05-13 |
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