CN102621590A - System and method for measuring gravity acceleration by utilizing optical fiber technology - Google Patents
System and method for measuring gravity acceleration by utilizing optical fiber technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for measuring gravity acceleration by utilizing optical fiber technology. The system comprises an optical fiber light source system, a Michelson interference system, a Fabry-Perot interference system, a vacuum system and a data collection processing system. The Michelson interference system is used for measuring moving distance of a moving rectangular prism in the vacuum system, the Fabry-Perot interference system is used for monitoring output wavelength of an optical laser in real time, a high-accuracy time frequency standard regulator timing system of the data collection processing system is used for recording moving time of the moving rectangular prism, a multi-channel data collection card of the data collection processing system is used for collecting position and time of the moving prism and wavelength of the optical laser in real time, and finally change relation of the gravity acceleration with time is obtained through computing program. The system and the method have the advantages of being simple, convenient, easy to operate, high in stability and capable of continuously monitoring the change relation of the gravity acceleration at the specific position with the time in real time for a long time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of acceleration of gravity field of measuring technique, particularly a kind of optical fiber technology system and method real-time, that for a long time acceleration of gravity is measured continuously that utilizes.
Background technology
Along with the development of fundamental research and space technology, more and more to the research of geodynamics and earth interior fine structure, utilize gravity field data research relevant issues to seem particularly important.Wherein, earth surface acceleration of gravity is most important, modal physical quantity.Centuries, existing many scientists attempt to improve constantly its measuring accuracy theoretical with experimentally making efforts respectively.The acceleration of gravity of earth surface is a physical constant that changes with the region, and because of receiving the influence of the multinomial factor of astrophysics, even if in a fixing place, it also changes in time.
1590; Galileo discovery object can be done the movement of falling object because of receiving the terrestrial gravitation field action; And with the leaning tower of Piza experimental verification speed and its quality of object free-falling irrelevant, since then, the gravity acceleration value of accurately measuring earth surface becomes the problem that many physicists pay close attention to.From 1898 to later 1960s, scientist utilizes absolute gravity value precision that reversible pendulum measures from 1 * 10 in Potsdam
-5Ms
-2Bring up to 2 * 10
-8Ms
-220th century the mid-1970s, the imagination of laser cooling and trapping atoms has been proposed in the world first, the Steven Chu professor utilizes the method for laser cooling imprison atom to measure the acceleration of gravity of single atom, measuring accuracy can reach 3 * 10-9ms-2.Meanwhile, a kind of portable small-sized absolute gravimeter is tried out, and another kind of atom fountain type (intervening atom) absolute gravimeter is in the laboratory examination success.Undoubtedly, this will further promote geophysics, geodesy and metrological development.
In the Lab of General Physics, the common method of measuring acceleration of gravity is that lamp is carried out to picture or utilizes physical pendulum, single pendulum method to measure indirectly the freely falling body process with dodging frequently.And the common method of accurately measuring acceleration of gravity is; Adopt the observation of object free-falling one way; Utilize the optics chi of stable optical maser wavelength, adopt the high resolution time interval measuring instrument to measure the small time period, and measure and data acquisition by system controlled by computer as the Michelson interferometry.But the limitation of these methods is to obtain in real time the secular variation situation of acceleration of gravity, and measurement result is more coarse, and the measuring accuracy of system and stability also have much room for improvement.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that (one) will solve
In view of this, fundamental purpose of the present invention provides a kind of system and method that utilizes optical fiber technology that acceleration of gravity is measured, and makes it can conveniently measure acceleration of gravity situation over time in real time accurately, continuously for a long time.
(2) technical scheme
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is following:
A kind of system that utilizes optical fiber technology that acceleration of gravity is measured, this system comprise optical fiber source system, Michelson interference system, Fabry-Perot interference system, vacuum system and data acquisition processing system, wherein:
Utilize the optics chi of the optical maser wavelength of fiber laser in this optical fiber source system as this Michelson interference system; Let in this vacuum system motion right-angle prism in this Michelson interference system is done upthrow, the movement of falling object of the two kinds of strokes that fall, measure the spatial movement distance of this motion right-angle prism by the Michelson interference fringe indirectly;
Adopt this Fabry-Perot interference system to monitor the output wavelength of this fiber laser in real time; Adopt the run duration of this motion right-angle prism of frequency standard appearance timekeeping system record between high-precision punctual in this data acquisition processing system;
The wavelength information that adopts the multi-channel high-speed data capture card in the data acquisition processing system to gather position, time and the fiber laser of motion prism in real time; At last, according to the kinematics formula, utilize the computer processing in the data acquisition processing system to calculate the variation relation of acceleration of gravity on time scale.
In the such scheme; Said optical fiber source system comprises fiber laser, fibre optic isolater, fiber coupler and single-mode fiber; Wherein fiber laser is used to provide single-mode laser, and fibre optic isolater is used to realize the one-way transmission of laser, and fiber coupler is used for the laser of fiber laser output is divided into two bundles; Wherein a branch of Michelson interference system that is coupled to, another bundle is coupled to the Fabry-Perot interference system; Single-mode fiber is used to connect each above-mentioned optical device to guarantee the normal transmission of single-mode laser.
In the such scheme; Said Michelson interference system comprises motion right-angle prism, detector, convex lens, single-mode fiber and two fiber couplers, one of them fiber coupler be used for being coupled laser beam of receiving the output of optical fiber source system and it is divided into the two-way transmission; Another fiber coupler be used for being coupled two bundle laser of michelson interferometer optical path and it is transferred to detector; The motion right-angle prism is used for making upthrow in vacuum system, the movement of falling object of the two kinds of strokes that fall changes the optical path difference between the Michelson interfering beam; Convex lens are used for the laser focusing light beam; Detector is used to survey the light intensity of Michelson interfering beam, and single-mode fiber is used to connect above-mentioned each optical device to realize the normal transmission of laser.
In the such scheme; Said Fabry-Perot interference system comprises single-mode fiber, convex lens, Fabry-Perot interferometer and spectrometer; Wherein Fabry-Perot interferometer is used for incident laser interfered and obtains interfering beam; Convex lens are used for interfering beam is focused on spectrometer, and spectrometer is used to obtain the Fabry-Perot interference annulus, and single-mode fiber is used to connect above-mentioned each optical device to realize the normal transmission of laser.
In the such scheme; Said vacuum system comprises that motion right-angle prism, prism flinger and top have the vacuum chamber of light transmission device; Wherein the motion right-angle prism is used for making upthrow in vacuum system, the movement of falling object of the two kinds of strokes that fall changes the optical path difference between the Michelson interfering beam; The prism flinger is used to trigger the upthrow motion of right-angle prism; The vacuum environment that the vacuum chamber that the top has a light transmission device is used to provide the right-angle prism motion to be reducing measuring error, and the transmission environment of Michelson interfering beam is provided.
In the such scheme; Said data acquisition processing system comprise high-precision punctual between frequency standard appearance timekeeping system, multi-channel high-speed data capture card and calculate the data acquisition process program of gravity acceleration value; Wherein high-precision punctual between frequency standard appearance timekeeping system be used to write down the run duration of right-angle prism; The multi-channel high-speed data capture card is used for gathering in real time the wavelength information of position, time and the fiber laser of motion right-angle prism, the data acquisition process program of calculating gravity acceleration value be used for real-time processing collected to data concern over time to obtain acceleration of gravity.
A kind of method of utilizing optical fiber technology that acceleration of gravity is measured based on the above-mentioned system that utilizes optical fiber technology that acceleration of gravity is measured, comprising:
Step 1: processing has the vacuum chamber that motion right-angle prism, prism flinger and top have light transmission device, makes right-angle prism can under the effect of prism flinger, stably carry out the movement of falling object of upthrow, the two kinds of strokes in whereabouts;
Step 2: build and debug the optical fiber source system, realize laser output;
Step 3: build and debug the Michelson interference system, a branch of incident laser of fiber laser output can be interfered with another reference beam through the motion of vacuum chamber motion right-angle prism, make detector can detect interference data;
Step 4: build and debug the optical fibre Fabry-perot interference system, spectrometer can be surveyed tell interference circle;
Step 5: start optical fiber source system, Michelson interference system, Fabry-Perot interference system, vacuum system and data acquisition processing system, the wavelength information of movement position, time and the fiber laser of acquisition process motion right-angle prism realizes the measurement to acceleration of gravity in real time.
(3) beneficial effect
This system and method that utilizes optical fiber technology that acceleration of gravity is measured provided by the invention has simple, convenient, stable height and easy-operating advantage, can measure acceleration of gravity situation over time in real time, has the following advantages:
The one, the stability of fibre system is higher, can reduce the measurement noise that environmental disturbances is brought to a greater extent;
The 2nd, the output wavelength that can monitor laser instrument in real time to be reducing the wave length shift errors caused, thereby improves measuring accuracy;
The 3rd, can measure acceleration of gravity situation over time in real time, continuously for a long time.
In a word, this system and method that utilizes optical fiber technology that acceleration of gravity is measured provided by the invention helps obtaining more accurately gravity acceleration value situation over time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that utilizes the system that optical fiber technology measures acceleration of gravity according to the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is based on the synoptic diagram of the Michelson interference data that Fig. 1 measures, wherein, Fig. 2 (a) be interference light intensity over time, its bottom right illustration is a Fabry-Perot interference annulus synoptic diagram; Fig. 2 (b) is the enlarged drawing of one group of data among Fig. 2 (a).
Embodiment
For making the object of the invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, to further explain of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1; Fig. 1 is the structural representation that utilizes the system that optical fiber technology measures acceleration of gravity according to the embodiment of the invention, and this system comprises five parts: I optical fiber source system, II Michelson interference system, III Fabry-Perot interference system, IV vacuum system and V data acquisition processing system; Wherein, each optical fibre device is connected by single-mode fiber among the figure.
Wherein, Utilize the optics chi of the optical maser wavelength of fiber laser in this optical fiber source system as this Michelson interference system; Let in this vacuum system motion right-angle prism in this Michelson interference system is done upthrow, the movement of falling object of the two kinds of strokes that fall, measure the spatial movement distance of this motion right-angle prism by the Michelson interference fringe indirectly; Adopt this Fabry-Perot interference system to monitor the output wavelength of this fiber laser in real time; Adopt the run duration of this motion right-angle prism of frequency standard appearance timekeeping system record between high-precision punctual in this data acquisition processing system; The wavelength information that adopts the multi-channel high-speed data capture card in the data acquisition processing system to gather position, time and the fiber laser of motion prism in real time; At last, according to the kinematics formula, utilize the computer processing in the data acquisition processing system to calculate the variation relation of acceleration of gravity on time scale.
The optical fiber source system comprises fiber laser, fibre optic isolater, fiber coupler and single-mode fiber; Wherein fiber laser is used to provide single-mode laser; Fibre optic isolater is used to realize the one-way transmission of laser; Fiber coupler is used for the laser of fiber laser output is divided into two bundles, wherein a branch of Michelson interference system that is coupled to, and another bundle is coupled to the Fabry-Perot interference system; Single-mode fiber is used to connect each above-mentioned optical device to guarantee the normal transmission of single-mode laser.
The Michelson interference system comprises two fiber couplers, motion right-angle prism, detector, convex lens and single-mode fiber, one of them fiber coupler be used for being coupled laser beam of receiving the output of optical fiber source system and it is divided into the two-way transmission; Another fiber coupler be used for being coupled two bundle laser of michelson interferometer optical path and it is transferred to detector.The motion right-angle prism is used for making upthrow in vacuum system, the movement of falling object of the two kinds of strokes that fall changes the optical path difference between the Michelson interfering beam.Convex lens are used for the laser focusing light beam.Detector is used to survey the light intensity of Michelson interfering beam, and single-mode fiber is used to connect above-mentioned each optical device to realize the normal transmission of laser.
The Fabry-Perot interference system comprises single-mode fiber, convex lens, Fabry-Perot interferometer and spectrometer; Wherein Fabry-Perot interferometer is used for incident laser interfered and obtains interfering beam; Convex lens are used for interfering beam is focused on spectrometer; Spectrometer is used to obtain the Fabry-Perot interference annulus, and single-mode fiber is used to connect above-mentioned each optical device to realize the normal transmission of laser.
Vacuum system comprises that motion right-angle prism, prism flinger and top have the vacuum chamber of light transmission device; Wherein the motion right-angle prism is used for making upthrow in vacuum system, the movement of falling object of the two kinds of strokes that fall changes the optical path difference between the Michelson interfering beam; The prism flinger is used to trigger the upthrow motion of right-angle prism; The vacuum environment that the vacuum chamber that the top has a light transmission device is used to provide the right-angle prism motion to be reducing measuring error, and the transmission environment of Michelson interfering beam is provided.
Data acquisition processing system comprise high-precision punctual between frequency standard appearance timekeeping system, multi-channel high-speed data capture card and calculate the data acquisition process program of gravity acceleration value; Wherein high-precision punctual between frequency standard appearance timekeeping system be used to write down the run duration of right-angle prism; The multi-channel high-speed data capture card is used for gathering in real time the wavelength information of position, time and the fiber laser of motion right-angle prism, the data acquisition process program of calculating gravity acceleration value be used for real-time processing collected to data concern over time to obtain acceleration of gravity.
Based on the described system that utilizes optical fiber technology that acceleration of gravity is measured of Fig. 1, the present invention also provides a kind of method of utilizing optical fiber technology that acceleration of gravity is measured, and this method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: processing has the vacuum chamber that motion right-angle prism, prism flinger and top have light transmission device, makes right-angle prism can under the effect of prism flinger, stably carry out the movement of falling object of upthrow, the two kinds of strokes in whereabouts;
Step 2: build and debug the optical fiber source system, realize laser output;
Step 3: build and debug the Michelson interference system, a branch of incident laser of fiber laser output can be interfered with another reference beam through the motion of vacuum chamber motion right-angle prism, make detector can detect interference data;
Step 4: build and debug the optical fibre Fabry-perot interference system, spectrometer can be surveyed tell interference circle;
Step 5: start optical fiber source system, Michelson interference system, Fabry-Perot interference system, vacuum system and data acquisition processing system, the wavelength information of movement position, time and the fiber laser of acquisition process motion right-angle prism realizes the measurement to acceleration of gravity in real time.
Fig. 2 is based on the synoptic diagram of the Michelson interference data that Fig. 1 measures, wherein, Fig. 2 (a) be interference light intensity over time, its bottom right illustration is a Fabry-Perot interference annulus synoptic diagram; Fig. 2 (b) is the enlarged drawing of one group of data among Fig. 2 (a).The method of being confirmed acceleration of gravity by gained interference data figure is: at first, confirm the real-time wavelength of fiber laser by the Fabry-Perot interference doughnut, promptly measure annulus ordinal number p and corresponding circle diameter D
p, with the square value of circle diameter
P carries out linear fit to the annulus ordinal number, as known interferometer refractive index n, spacing of reflecting plane d and air refraction n
0The time, the real-time wavelength of fiber laser just can be by formula
Push away.Secondly, confirm the movement position and the time relation of prism by the Michelson interference data.Suppose that prism is a period of motion T, confirms t by Fig. 2 (a) from the minimum point to the peak
M, iThe prism of motion constantly is in N the period of motion, and shown in Fig. 2 (b), the displacement of the relative minimum point of prism this moment does
The relative motion time does
Choose small time period match prism location and time relation
Obtain the acceleration of gravity in the corresponding moment.
Above-described specific embodiment; The object of the invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect have been carried out further explain, and institute it should be understood that the above is merely specific embodiment of the present invention; Be not limited to the present invention; All within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being made, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a system that utilizes optical fiber technology that acceleration of gravity is measured is characterized in that, this system comprises optical fiber source system, Michelson interference system, Fabry-Perot interference system, vacuum system and data acquisition processing system, wherein:
Utilize the optics chi of the optical maser wavelength of fiber laser in this optical fiber source system as this Michelson interference system; Let in this vacuum system motion right-angle prism in this Michelson interference system is done upthrow, the movement of falling object of the two kinds of strokes that fall, measure the spatial movement distance of this motion right-angle prism by the Michelson interference fringe indirectly;
Adopt this Fabry-Perot interference system to monitor the output wavelength of this fiber laser in real time; Adopt the run duration of this motion right-angle prism of frequency standard appearance timekeeping system record between high-precision punctual in this data acquisition processing system;
The wavelength information that adopts the multi-channel high-speed data capture card in the data acquisition processing system to gather position, time and the fiber laser of motion prism in real time; At last, according to the kinematics formula, utilize the computer processing in the data acquisition processing system to calculate the variation relation of acceleration of gravity on time scale.
2. the system that utilizes optical fiber technology that acceleration of gravity is measured according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said optical fiber source system comprises fiber laser, fibre optic isolater, fiber coupler and single-mode fiber; Wherein fiber laser is used to provide single-mode laser, and fibre optic isolater is used to realize the one-way transmission of laser, and fiber coupler is used for the laser of fiber laser output is divided into two bundles; Wherein a branch of Michelson interference system that is coupled to, another bundle is coupled to the Fabry-Perot interference system; Single-mode fiber is used to connect each above-mentioned optical device to guarantee the normal transmission of single-mode laser.
3. the system that utilizes optical fiber technology that acceleration of gravity is measured according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said Michelson interference system comprises motion right-angle prism, detector, convex lens, single-mode fiber and two fiber couplers, one of them fiber coupler be used for being coupled laser beam of receiving the output of optical fiber source system and it is divided into the two-way transmission; Another fiber coupler be used for being coupled two bundle laser of michelson interferometer optical path and it is transferred to detector; The motion right-angle prism is used for making upthrow in vacuum system, the movement of falling object of the two kinds of strokes that fall changes the optical path difference between the Michelson interfering beam; Convex lens are used for the laser focusing light beam; Detector is used to survey the light intensity of Michelson interfering beam, and single-mode fiber is used to connect above-mentioned each optical device to realize the normal transmission of laser.
4. the system that utilizes optical fiber technology that acceleration of gravity is measured according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said Fabry-Perot interference system comprises single-mode fiber, convex lens, Fabry-Perot interferometer and spectrometer; Wherein Fabry-Perot interferometer is used for incident laser interfered and obtains interfering beam; Convex lens are used for interfering beam is focused on spectrometer, and spectrometer is used to obtain the Fabry-Perot interference annulus, and single-mode fiber is used to connect above-mentioned each optical device to realize the normal transmission of laser.
5. the system that utilizes optical fiber technology that acceleration of gravity is measured according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said vacuum system comprises that motion right-angle prism, prism flinger and top have the vacuum chamber of light transmission device; Wherein the motion right-angle prism is used for making upthrow in vacuum system, the movement of falling object of the two kinds of strokes that fall changes the optical path difference between the Michelson interfering beam; The prism flinger is used to trigger the upthrow motion of right-angle prism, and the vacuum environment that the vacuum chamber that the top has a light transmission device is used to provide the right-angle prism motion to be reducing measuring error, and the transmission environment of Michelson interfering beam is provided.
6. the system that utilizes optical fiber technology that acceleration of gravity is measured according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said data acquisition processing system comprise high-precision punctual between frequency standard appearance timekeeping system, multi-channel high-speed data capture card and calculate the data acquisition process program of gravity acceleration value; Wherein high-precision punctual between frequency standard appearance timekeeping system be used to write down the run duration of right-angle prism; The multi-channel high-speed data capture card is used for gathering in real time the wavelength information of position, time and the fiber laser of motion right-angle prism, the data acquisition process program of calculating gravity acceleration value be used for real-time processing collected to data concern over time to obtain acceleration of gravity.
7. a method of utilizing optical fiber technology that acceleration of gravity is measured based on the described system that utilizes optical fiber technology that acceleration of gravity is measured of claim 1, is characterized in that, comprising:
Step 1: processing has the vacuum chamber that motion right-angle prism, prism flinger and top have light transmission device, makes right-angle prism can under the effect of prism flinger, stably carry out the movement of falling object of upthrow, the two kinds of strokes in whereabouts;
Step 2: build and debug the optical fiber source system, realize laser output;
Step 3: build and debug the Michelson interference system, a branch of incident laser of fiber laser output can be interfered with another reference beam through the motion of vacuum chamber motion right-angle prism, make detector can detect interference data;
Step 4: build and debug the optical fibre Fabry-perot interference system, spectrometer can be surveyed tell interference circle;
Step 5: start optical fiber source system, Michelson interference system, Fabry-Perot interference system, vacuum system and data acquisition processing system, the wavelength information of movement position, time and the fiber laser of acquisition process motion right-angle prism realizes the measurement to acceleration of gravity in real time.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN103792589A (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2014-05-14 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Gravitational acceleration measurement device and method |
| CN103941301A (en) * | 2014-04-13 | 2014-07-23 | 浙江大学 | Catapulting type absolute gravimeter faller prism upward-throwing control device and gravity test method |
| CN107219561A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-09-29 | 浙江大学 | A kind of High-Precision Gravimeter Survey device based on luminous power effect |
| CN110514139A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-11-29 | 桂林电子科技大学 | A kind of the reflecting mirror surface shape change detecting device and method of laser interferometry system |
| CN111308569A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-19 | 北京大学 | Optical fiber gravity gradiometer and gravity gradient measurement method |
| CN114001813A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-02-01 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Accelerometer |
| CN115116310A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-09-27 | 中国民航大学 | Michelson interferometer teaching platform |
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| CN1869710A (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2006-11-29 | 浙江大学 | High resolution micronano optical accelerometer |
| CN101501443A (en) * | 2006-08-09 | 2009-08-05 | 李锦锡 | Apparatus and method for measuring convergence using fiber Bragg grating sensor |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103792589A (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2014-05-14 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Gravitational acceleration measurement device and method |
| CN103792589B (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2016-05-11 | 中国计量科学研究院 | The measurement mechanism of acceleration of gravity and measuring method |
| CN103941301A (en) * | 2014-04-13 | 2014-07-23 | 浙江大学 | Catapulting type absolute gravimeter faller prism upward-throwing control device and gravity test method |
| CN107219561A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-09-29 | 浙江大学 | A kind of High-Precision Gravimeter Survey device based on luminous power effect |
| CN110514139A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-11-29 | 桂林电子科技大学 | A kind of the reflecting mirror surface shape change detecting device and method of laser interferometry system |
| CN111308569A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-19 | 北京大学 | Optical fiber gravity gradiometer and gravity gradient measurement method |
| CN114001813A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-02-01 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Accelerometer |
| CN114001813B (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2023-04-07 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Accelerometer |
| CN115116310A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-09-27 | 中国民航大学 | Michelson interferometer teaching platform |
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Application publication date: 20120801 |