CN111610571A - System and method for monitoring and compensating dynamic errors of atomic interference gravimeter - Google Patents
System and method for monitoring and compensating dynamic errors of atomic interference gravimeter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a system and a method for monitoring and compensating dynamic errors of an atomic interference gravimeter, wherein the system comprises: an atomic interferometric gravimeter and a non-destructive imaging unit; wherein: the nondestructive imaging unit is used for performing nondestructive imaging on the cold atomic groups to obtain a diffraction image; and the computer processing unit of the atomic interference gravimeter is used for obtaining cold atomic group distribution parameters according to the diffraction image, further performing dynamic error compensation and correction on the gravity acceleration measured value of each period, simultaneously feeding back system control parameters and adjusting the working state of the atomic interference gravimeter. According to the embodiment of the invention, the cold atomic group distribution parameters are obtained through nondestructive imaging, on the premise of not influencing the gravity measurement process, the dynamic error compensation and correction are carried out on the gravity measurement result through the cold atomic group distribution parameters, the system control parameters are fed back to adjust the working state of the atomic interference gravimeter, and the dynamic error monitoring and compensation of the atomic interference gravimeter and the improvement of the gravity measurement precision are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atomic interference, in particular to a dynamic error monitoring and compensating system and method for an atomic interference gravimeter.
Background
The earth gravity field is the comprehensive reflection of a plurality of important information such as earth mass distribution, atmospheric ocean current, earth internal structure, polar motion, tide and the like, and the accurate measurement of the gravity acceleration has wide application requirements in a plurality of fields such as geophysical, disaster early warning, resource exploration, modern navigation and the like. In addition, with the increasing demand for gravity measurement in desert, marsh, mountain, sea and other areas, higher demand is provided for high-precision measurement of gravimeters on dynamic platforms such as airborne platforms, vehicle-mounted platforms and ship-mounted platforms.
With the development of the recent 30 years, the atomic interference technology has a huge application prospect in gravity measurement due to the advantages of high sensitivity, high precision and no long-term drift, has a performance level superior to that of a classical gravimeter, and gradually goes from a laboratory prototype to a typical environment application.
Firstly, trapping a large number of alkali metal (such as rubidium Rb or cesium Cs) atoms and cooling by an atom interference gravimeter through a magneto-optical trap technology; then placing the cooled cold atomic group in a gravity field to do free-fall motion, interacting with phase coherent laser pulses, performing coherent control on the atomic wave packet such as beam splitting, reflection and beam combination, and realizing atomic interference; and finally, detecting the cold atomic group end state to obtain atomic interference fringes, fitting out the phase shift caused by the gravitational acceleration, and realizing the gravitational acceleration measurement.
At present, an atomic interference gravimeter prototype can only work in a static or quasi-static environment and cannot be applied to a complex dynamic environment. From the analysis of mechanism, on the premise that each module of the atomic interference gravimeter has stable rigid connection, the instability of the distribution parameters and motion state of the free-falling cold atomic groups is one of the main factors: the cold radical preparation and release process is affected by the jitter of parameters such as laser power stability, cooling light balance, laser pointing, system motion and the like, so that the difference between single measurements is caused. During static measurement, an operator can inhibit random influence of the measurement period through averaging of multiple measurement periods; however, during dynamic measurement, the averaging method is limited by the high efficiency requirement of the measurement process and the dynamic characteristics of the platform, so that dynamic errors are coupled in the measurement results. Therefore, monitoring, extraction and compensation of dynamic measurement errors are achieved, and the accuracy of the gravimeter is improved.
At the present stage, the suppression of the dynamic error of the atomic interference gravimeter is mainly completed by adopting optimized working parameters, namely, measures such as stabilizing the active/passive laser power, enhancing the rigid connection stability of the system and the like are taken, and the methods are limited by the control precision and cannot reach a high level, so that the suppression effect of the dynamic error is limited. The most direct method for solving the problems is to determine the specific distribution parameters and the motion state of the cold radicals in each measurement period, thereby compensating the result deviation caused by the change of the cold radical distribution parameters in each period in the measurement result and realizing the compensation of the dynamic error. In general, cold radical distribution parameters can be fitted by an absorption imaging or fluorescence imaging method, but the method causes heating and damage to cold radicals, and influences a subsequent interferometric measurement process, so that off-line characterization of the cold radical distribution parameters can be realized only by measuring and fitting for multiple cycles, and the problem of dynamic errors cannot be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a system and a method for monitoring and compensating a dynamic error of an atomic interference gravimeter.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a system for monitoring and compensating a dynamic error of an atomic interference gravimeter, including an atomic interference gravimeter and a nondestructive imaging unit; wherein: the nondestructive imaging unit is arranged below a magneto-optical trap unit of the atomic interference gravimeter and is used for performing nondestructive imaging on cold atomic groups passing through an interference cavity of the atomic interference gravimeter so as to obtain a diffraction image; and the computer processing unit of the atomic interference gravimeter is used for obtaining cold atomic group distribution parameters according to the diffraction image, performing dynamic error compensation and correction on the gravity acceleration measured value of each period according to the cold atomic group distribution parameters, feeding back system control parameters and adjusting the working state of the atomic interference gravimeter.
Further, the frequency difference between the frequency of the imaging light of the nondestructive imaging unit and the cold radical transition frequency is larger than a preset first threshold, the light intensity of the imaging light is smaller than a preset second threshold, so that the heating effect of the imaging light on the cold radicals is avoided, the dispersion effect of the imaging light still exists, and the cold radical imaging measurement is completed by using a dispersion signal under the condition that the cold radicals are not damaged.
Furthermore, the nondestructive imaging unit comprises an optical fiber coupling head, a collimating lens, an imaging lens and a CMOS detector which are sequentially arranged on an optical path; the optical fiber coupling head and the collimating lens are arranged on one side of an interference cavity of the atomic interference gravimeter, and the imaging lens and the CMOS detector are arranged on the opposite side of the interference cavity; the optical fiber coupling head is used for outputting imaging light, the collimating lens is used for collimating the imaging light into parallel light, the parallel light passes through one end face of the interference cavity and irradiates on the passing cold atomic group, then the parallel light is emitted from the other end face of the interference cavity, the parallel light passes through the imaging lens and irradiates on a target surface of the CMOS detector, and the collection of the diffraction image is completed.
Furthermore, the nondestructive imaging units are repeatedly arranged at different heights to form a nondestructive imaging unit array, so that time-sharing imaging of cold radicals at different positions is realized; and/or time-sharing imaging of cold radicals at different positions is realized by using the same imaging optical path through the magnification of the imaging lens and the selection of the target surface of the CMOS detector.
Furthermore, the nondestructive imaging unit further comprises a beam splitting module, the beam splitting module is arranged behind the collimating lens on a light path, and parallel light collimated by the collimating lens is split into N beams by the beam splitting module and then emitted to the interference cavity; correspondingly, the number of the imaging lenses and the number of the CMOS detectors are correspondingly N; the beam splitting module comprises N-1 beam splitters and 1 reflecting mirror which are sequentially arranged in parallel.
Further, the imaging lens adopts a single imaging lens structure or a multi-lens combination structure.
Further, the nondestructive imaging unit is disposed on the xOz plane and/or the yOz plane with the vertical falling direction of the cold radicals as the z-axis.
Further, the nondestructive imaging unit adopts any one of a dark field imaging system, a phase contrast imaging system, a faraday rotation imaging system, a defocusing imaging system and a spatial heterodyne interferometry imaging system.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for monitoring and compensating a dynamic error of an atomic interference gravimeter, including: in each measurement period, performing cold radical preparation and speed selection and then releasing cold radicals; the released cold atomic groups pass through the nondestructive imaging unit to obtain the diffraction image; obtaining cold atomic group distribution parameters by fitting the diffraction images of cold atomic groups at different heights, and performing dynamic error subentry evaluation according to the cold atomic group distribution parameters to obtain dynamic error subentry evaluation results; cold atomic groups form an interference sequence through the action of Raman light, and a gravity acceleration measured value is obtained through calculation through the detection of cold atomic group end states; and performing dynamic error compensation and correction on the gravity acceleration measured value by using the dynamic error subentry evaluation result, feeding back system control parameters, adjusting the working state of the atomic interference gravimeter, and starting the next measurement period.
Further, the cold radical distribution parameters include initial size, transverse temperature, and transverse velocity; the dynamic error includes at least one of an ac stark phase shift error, a coriolis force phase shift error, and a raman wavefront phase shift error.
According to the system and the method for monitoring and compensating the dynamic error of the atomic interference gravimeter, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the cold atomic group distribution parameters are obtained through nondestructive imaging, on the premise of not influencing the gravity measurement process, the dynamic error compensation and correction are carried out on the gravity measurement result through the cold atomic group distribution parameters, meanwhile, the system control parameters are fed back, the working state of the atomic interference gravimeter is adjusted, and the monitoring and compensation of the dynamic error of the atomic interference gravimeter and the improvement of the gravity measurement precision are realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dynamic error monitoring and compensating system for an atomic interference gravimeter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for monitoring and compensating dynamic errors of an atomic interference gravimeter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a dynamic error monitoring and compensating method for an atomic interference gravimeter according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a dynamic error monitoring and compensating system of an atomic interference gravimeter, which comprises: an atomic interferometric gravimeter and a non-destructive imaging unit; wherein:
the nondestructive imaging unit is arranged below a magneto-optical trap unit of the atomic interference gravimeter and is used for performing nondestructive imaging on cold atomic groups passing through an interference cavity of the atomic interference gravimeter so as to obtain a diffraction image; and the computer processing unit of the atomic interference gravimeter is used for obtaining cold atomic group distribution parameters according to the diffraction image, performing dynamic error compensation and correction on the gravity acceleration measured value of each period according to the cold atomic group distribution parameters, feeding back system control parameters and adjusting the working state of the atomic interference gravimeter.
The embodiment of the invention adds the nondestructive imaging unit on the basis of a typical atomic interference gravimeter, and utilizes the computer processing unit of the atomic interference gravimeter to process data, thereby realizing the dynamic error monitoring and compensation of the atomic interference gravimeter. The atomic interference gravimeter comprises a computer processing unit, a vertically arranged interference cavity, a magneto-optical trap structure positioned on the upper part of the interference cavity, a quarter-wave plate and a reflector which are sequentially arranged below the interference cavity, and a fluorescence detection unit arranged on one side of the lower part of the interference cavity.
The whole atom interference gravity measurement process is completed in a high vacuum environment in the interference cavity. The vacuum cavity can be a pure glass cavity or a metal cavity with a necessary light-transmitting window. At the top of the vacuum chamber, a cold radical was prepared by a magneto-optical trap structure. And (4) closing the magnetic field and trapping light in the magneto-optical trap structure, and releasing the cold atomic group to enable the cold atomic group to fall freely in the interference cavity. In the traditional atomic interference process, the falling cold atomic groups sequentially undergo the processes of state preparation and speed selection, pi/2-pi/2 interference sequence, end state detection and the like to obtain interference fringes, and then the interference fringes are reversely deduced to obtain a gravity acceleration value.
And a nondestructive imaging system is added on the side surface of the interference cavity, when the free falling atoms reach corresponding positions, nondestructive imaging is carried out on the free falling atoms to obtain diffraction images, and then cold atomic group distribution parameters in the current interference process are obtained according to the fitting of the diffraction images. The nondestructive imaging can be realized based on various mechanisms such as dark field imaging, phase contrast imaging, Faraday rotation imaging, defocusing imaging, spatial heterodyne interference imaging and the like.
The cold atomic group after the nondestructive imaging continuously falls freely according to the original path, undergoes pi/2-pi/2 interference sequence under the action of vertical Raman light, and finally realizes the end state detection through a bottom fluorescence detection unit. The linear polarized vertical Raman light, the bottom quarter-wave plate and the reflector jointly form a typical gravity measurement interference light path.
And the computer processing unit of the atomic interference gravimeter is used for obtaining cold atomic group distribution parameters according to the diffraction image, substituting the cold atomic group distribution parameters obtained through nondestructive imaging into each system error source formula of the atomic interference gravimeter, separating to obtain each dynamic error, compensating and correcting the dynamic error of each period gravity acceleration measurement value, feeding back system control parameters, and adjusting the working state of the atomic interference gravimeter.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the cold atomic group distribution parameters are obtained through nondestructive imaging, on the premise of not influencing the gravity measurement process, the dynamic error compensation and correction are carried out on the gravity measurement result through the cold atomic group distribution parameters, meanwhile, the system control parameters are fed back, the working state of the atomic interference gravimeter is adjusted, and the monitoring and compensation of the dynamic errors of the atomic interference gravimeter and the improvement of the gravity measurement precision are realized.
Further, based on the above embodiment, the difference between the frequency of the imaging light of the nondestructive imaging unit and the frequency of the cold radical transition is greater than the preset first threshold, the light intensity of the imaging light is less than the preset second threshold, so as to avoid the heating effect of the imaging light on the cold radicals, and the dispersion effect of the imaging light still exists, so as to complete the cold radical imaging measurement by using the dispersion signal without destroying the cold radicals.
In order to avoid the heating effect of the imaging light on the cold atomic groups, the frequency of the imaging light is adjusted to be far detuned to the cold atomic group transition frequency (the frequency difference between the frequency of the imaging light and the cold atomic group transition frequency is larger than a preset first threshold which is large enough to be far detuned), and the light intensity is reduced. Optimal detuning and light intensity parameters need to be optimized experimentally for a specific atomic interferometric gravimeter system. On the basis of the embodiment, the embodiment of the invention realizes the non-destructive imaging of the cold atomic groups by adopting a far detuning and weak light intensity method, and realizes the non-destructive imaging of the cold atomic groups by a simple and convenient method.
Further, based on the above embodiment, the nondestructive imaging unit includes a fiber coupling head, a collimating lens, an imaging lens, and a CMOS detector sequentially arranged on the optical path; the optical fiber coupling head and the collimating lens are arranged on one side of an interference cavity of the atomic interference gravimeter, and the imaging lens and the CMOS detector are arranged on the opposite side of the interference cavity; the optical fiber coupling head is used for outputting imaging light, the collimating lens is used for collimating the imaging light into parallel light, the parallel light passes through one end face of the interference cavity and irradiates on the passing cold atomic group, then the parallel light is emitted from the other end face of the interference cavity, the parallel light passes through the imaging lens and irradiates on a target surface of the CMOS detector, and the collection of the diffraction image is completed.
For a nondestructive imaging unit adopting a defocusing imaging principle, the nondestructive imaging unit comprises an optical fiber coupling head, a collimating lens, an imaging lens and a CMOS detector which are sequentially arranged on an optical path; the optical fiber coupling head and the collimating lens are arranged on one side of an interference cavity of the atomic interference gravimeter, and the imaging lens and the CMOS detector are arranged on the opposite side of the interference cavity; the optical fiber coupling head is used for outputting imaging light, the collimating lens is used for collimating the imaging light into parallel light, and the parallel light irradiates on passing cold atomic groups through one end face of the interference cavity and then is emitted from the other end face of the interference cavity. And selecting the focal length of the collimating lens according to the size of the cold atomic group falling to the position, thereby ensuring that the spot size of the imaging light completely covers the cold atomic group. And light emitted from the other end face of the interference cavity irradiates the target surface of the CMOS detector after passing through the imaging lens, so that the collection of a diffraction image is completed.
On the basis of the embodiment, the embodiment of the invention provides the specific structure of the nondestructive imaging unit adopting the defocused imaging principle, and the optical path structure is simple and convenient to realize.
Further, based on the above embodiment, the nondestructive imaging units are repeatedly arranged at different heights to form a nondestructive imaging unit array, so as to realize time-sharing imaging of cold radicals at different positions; and/or time-sharing imaging of cold radicals at different positions is realized by using the same imaging optical path through the magnification of the imaging lens and the selection of the target surface of the CMOS detector.
By repeatedly arranging the nondestructive imaging units at different heights, more diffraction images can be acquired, the accuracy of cold atomic group distribution parameters can be improved, and the accuracy of error monitoring and compensation can be further improved.
And the different positions do not necessarily need respective independent non-destructive imaging optical paths, the limitation of the falling speed of the cold atoms is considered, the imaging positions which are relatively close to each other can completely share the same imaging optical path through the magnification of the imaging lens and the selection of the target surface of the CMOS detector, and the time-sharing imaging of the cold atoms at different positions is realized, so that optical devices needed by the corresponding imaging optical paths are saved, and the system is simplified.
Further, based on the above embodiment, the nondestructive imaging unit further includes a beam splitting module, the beam splitting module is disposed behind the collimating lens on the light path, and the parallel light collimated by the collimating lens is split into N beams by the beam splitting module and then emitted to the interference cavity; correspondingly, the imaging lens and the CMOS detector are correspondingly arranged in N numbers.
The acquisition of cold radical distribution parameters is realized, and the radicals need to be imaged at different heights. One way to achieve non-destructive imaging of cold radicals at different heights is to repeatedly arrange the non-destructive imaging units at different heights to form an array of non-destructive imaging units, so that cold radicals can be non-destructively imaged at a plurality of different locations. For example, because destructive absorption hardly exists, the defocused imaging optical path array can be arranged at different heights of the interference cavity, and online multiple measurements can be carried out, so that cold atomic group distribution parameters can be fitted more accurately.
The nondestructive imaging unit is repeatedly arranged, and all devices do not need to be repeatedly arranged, for example, a beam splitting module is added in the nondestructive imaging unit, and the beam splitting module is arranged behind the collimating lens and in front of the interference cavity on the light path. Imaging light output from the optical fiber coupling head is converted into parallel light after being collimated by the collimating lens, and then is divided into N beams of parallel light through the beam splitting module, wherein the N beams of parallel light are emitted to one end face of the interference cavity and are emitted from the other end face. Correspondingly, the imaging lens and the CMOS detector are correspondingly arranged in N numbers. And the emitted N beams of parallel light respectively pass through corresponding imaging lenses and CMOS detectors to obtain diffraction images.
On the basis of the embodiment, the beam splitting module is arranged, so that simple and convenient array imaging is realized, and cold atom imaging at different heights can be realized.
Further, based on the above embodiment, the beam splitting module includes N-1 beam splitters and 1 mirror, which are sequentially arranged in parallel.
The beam splitting module comprises N-1 beam splitters and 1 reflector which are sequentially arranged in parallel, and the parallel light output by the collimating lens is divided into N beams by combining the N-1 beam splitters and the 1 reflector. For example, the beam splitting module includes 2 beam splitters and 1 mirror, which are sequentially arranged in parallel, and the 2 beam splitters and 1 mirror are combined to split the parallel light output by the collimating lens into 3 beams.
On the basis of the embodiment, the beam splitting module is formed by sequentially and parallelly arranging N-1 beam splitters and 1 reflecting mirror, so that the beam splitting module is simply realized.
Further, based on the above embodiments, the imaging lens adopts a single imaging lens structure or a multi-lens combination structure.
In the embodiment of the invention, a defocused single imaging lens can be adopted to obtain a diffraction image, namely, the distance between the imaging lens and the cold atomic group is larger than the focal length of the imaging lens, so that the influence of residual absorption effect is avoided. The imaging lens then remaps the diffraction image in the off-focal plane onto the CMOS target surface. The specific position of the imaging lens needs to be optimized experimentally for the specific system and diffraction image contrast. In addition, in different measurement systems, due to the limitation of the structure and the size of an interference cavity and the requirement of system compactness, a multi-lens group combination can be used for replacing an imaging lens, and a more compact out-of-focus imaging system is realized.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present invention improve the flexibility of the imaging lens by forming the imaging lens with a single imaging lens structure or a multi-lens combination structure.
Further, based on the above-described embodiment, the nondestructive imaging unit is disposed on the xOz plane and/or the yOz plane with the vertical falling direction of the cold radicals as the z-axis.
With the vertical falling direction of the cold radicals as the z-axis, the nondestructive imaging unit can be arranged in the xOz plane, and the nondestructive imaging system in the plane can provide the distribution of the cold radicals in the y-direction and the z-direction. Meanwhile, the method can be expanded to a yOz plane, a same nondestructive imaging system is built, cold atomic group distribution measurement in the x direction and the z direction is completed, and complete cold atomic group distribution parameter measurement is comprehensively realized.
Specifically, whether the nondestructive imaging unit is disposed in the xOz plane, in the yOz plane, or in both the xOz plane and the yOz plane may be determined according to the specific distribution parameter variation characteristics and the motion form of the cold radicals. For example, if the cold radicals only undergo distribution parameter changes and motion in the y-direction and z-direction, the nondestructive imaging unit can be disposed only on the xOz plane; if the cold radicals only move in the x-direction and the z-direction, the non-destructive imaging unit can be placed only in the yOz plane; if the cold radicals only move in the x-, y-and z-directions, the nondestructive imaging unit needs to be arranged in the xOz-plane and the yOz-plane.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present invention may simplify the system according to practical situations by setting the nondestructive imaging unit to the xOz plane and/or the yOz plane with the vertical falling direction of the cold radicals as the z-axis.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dynamic error monitoring and compensating system for an atomic interference gravimeter according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the entire atomic interferometric gravimetric measurement process is performed in a high vacuum environment within the interferometric cavity 501. The vacuum cavity can be a pure glass cavity or a metal cavity with a necessary light-transmitting window. At the top of the vacuum chamber, a cold radical 503 is prepared by a magneto-optical trap structure 502. The magnetic field and the trapped light in the magneto-optical trap structure are turned off, and the cold radicals are released and allowed to fall freely in the interference cavity 501. In the traditional atomic interference process, the falling cold atomic groups sequentially undergo the processes of state preparation and speed selection, pi/2-pi/2 interference sequence, end state detection and the like to obtain interference fringes, and then the interference fringes are reversely deduced to obtain a gravity acceleration value.
With the vertical drop direction as the z-axis, fig. 1 only depicts a schematic diagram of the system structure in the xOz plane, in which a non-destructive imaging system is able to provide a distribution of cold radicals in the y-direction and the z-direction. Meanwhile, the method can be expanded into a yOz plane again, a same nondestructive imaging system is built, cold atomic group distribution measurement in the x direction and the z direction is completed, and complete cold atomic group distribution parameter measurement is comprehensively realized.
In the embodiment of the invention, a nondestructive imaging system is added on the side surface of the interference cavity 501, and when the free-falling atoms reach corresponding positions, nondestructive imaging is carried out on the free-falling atoms, so that the cold radical distribution parameters in the secondary interference process are obtained through fitting. The nondestructive imaging can be realized based on a plurality of mechanisms such as dark field imaging, phase contrast imaging, faraday rotation imaging, defocusing imaging, spatial heterodyne interference imaging and the like, and the embodiment of the invention adopts (but is not limited to) defocusing imaging principle to construct a system, and comprises an optical fiber coupling head 201, a collimating lens 202, beam splitters (203, 204), a reflector 205, imaging lenses (206, 207, 208), CMOS detectors (209, 210, 211) and the like, and particularly:
the imaging light 301 is output through the optical fiber coupling head 201, and is collimated into parallel light through the collimating lens 202, and the focal length of the collimating lens is selected according to the size of the cold atomic group falling to the position, so that the spot size of the imaging light is ensured to completely cover the cold atomic group. Then, the imaging light is divided into three beams through the beam splitters 203 and 204 and the mirror 205, and imaging optical paths are formed at different heights, so that cold radicals at different heights are imaged. In the imaging light path of each height, imaging light penetrates through the interference cavity 501 to irradiate on the cold atomic groups, then is emitted from the other end face of the interference cavity 501, passes through the imaging lenses (206, 207 and 208) and then respectively hits on the target surfaces of the CMOS detectors (209, 210 and 211), and the collection of diffraction images is completed.
In order to avoid the heating effect of the imaging light 301 on the cold atomic groups, the frequency of the imaging light is adjusted to be far detuned from the cold atomic group transition frequency, and the light intensity is reduced, at this time, the cold atomic groups can absorb the imaging light negligibly, but the dispersion effect on the imaging light still exists, so that the cold atomic group imaging measurement is completed by using a dispersion signal under the condition of not damaging the cold atomic groups. Optimal detuning and light intensity parameters need to be optimized experimentally for a specific atomic interferometric gravimeter system.
In particular embodiments, a single imaging lens is used that is out of focus to obtain the diffraction image, i.e., the distance between the imaging lens (206, 207, 208) and the cold radical is greater than its focal length to avoid the effects of residual absorption effects. The imaging lens then remaps the diffraction image in the off-focal plane onto the CMOS target surface. The specific position of the imaging lens needs to be optimized experimentally for the specific system and diffraction image contrast.
Although a single imaging lens structure is adopted in the example, in different measurement systems, due to the limitation of the structure and the size of an interference cavity and the requirement of system compactness, a multi-lens group combination can be used for replacing the imaging lenses (206, 207 and 208), so that a more compact out-of-focus imaging system is realized.
Because destructive absorption hardly exists, the defocusing imaging light path array can be arranged at different heights of the interference cavity 501 to perform online multiple measurements, so that cold radical distribution parameters can be fitted more accurately.
The cold radicals after the nondestructive imaging continue to freely fall along the original path, undergo pi/2-pi/2 interference sequences under the action of vertical Raman light 401, and finally realize end state detection through a bottom fluorescence detection unit 402. (linearly polarized vertical Raman light 401, along with bottom quarter wave plate 403 and mirror 404, together form a typical gravity-measuring interferometric light path.)
And substituting the cold atomic group distribution parameters obtained by nondestructive imaging into each system error source formula of the atomic interference gravimeter, and separating to obtain each dynamic error so as to compensate and correct the measurement result.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the cold atomic group distribution parameters are obtained through nondestructive imaging, on the premise of not influencing the gravity measurement process, the dynamic error compensation and correction are carried out on the gravity measurement result through the cold atomic group distribution parameters, meanwhile, the system control parameters are fed back, the working state of the atomic interference gravimeter is adjusted, and the implementation monitoring and compensation of the dynamic error of the atomic interference gravimeter are realized.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for monitoring and compensating a dynamic error of an atomic interference gravimeter according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method is based on the system for monitoring and compensating a dynamic error of an atomic interference gravimeter according to the embodiment. As shown in fig. 2, the method includes:
102, the released cold atomic groups pass through the nondestructive imaging unit to obtain the diffraction image; obtaining cold atomic group distribution parameters by fitting the diffraction images of cold atomic groups at different heights, and performing dynamic error subentry evaluation according to the cold atomic group distribution parameters to obtain dynamic error subentry evaluation results;
103, forming an interference sequence by the cold atomic group through the action of Raman light, and calculating to obtain a gravity acceleration measured value through the last state detection of the cold atomic group;
and 104, performing dynamic error compensation and correction on the gravity acceleration measured value by using the dynamic error subentry evaluation result, feeding back system control parameters, adjusting the working state of the atomic interference gravimeter, and starting the next measurement period.
In a single measurement period, firstly, preparing cold atomic groups and selecting speed;
the released cold radicals pass through nondestructive imaging units from the position 1 to the position n respectively to be imaged, and n groups of images are fitted to obtain cold radical distribution parameters;
and then the cold atomic group forms an interference sequence through the action of Raman light, and the gravity acceleration value in the single period is calculated through the end state detection of the cold atomic group.
On the other hand, the distribution result obtained by non-destructive imaging is used for cold radical distribution parameter fitting to obtain parameters including initial size, transverse temperature and transverse speed. Because these parameters are respectively coupled with the system errors (such as alternating current stark phase shift, coriolis force phase shift, raman wavefront phase shift, etc.) of the atomic interference gravimeter, these error analysis theories are well known in the art, and the related error subentry evaluation can be realized according to the known theories, and then the correction term is formed according to the evaluation result, and the dynamic error compensation and correction of the single-period gravity acceleration measurement value are carried out.
And simultaneously, carrying out feedback control on system control parameters according to the correction value, adjusting working parameters (such as laser power, pointing direction, system attitude and the like), compensating dynamic errors, and starting the next measurement period, thereby ensuring that the atomic interference gravimeter realizes continuous output of high-precision gravity values in the cyclic period measurement process.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the cold atomic group distribution parameters are obtained through nondestructive imaging, on the premise of not influencing the gravity measurement process, the dynamic error compensation and correction are carried out on the gravity measurement result through the cold atomic group distribution parameters, meanwhile, the system control parameters are fed back, the working state of the atomic interference gravimeter is adjusted, and the monitoring and compensation of the dynamic errors of the atomic interference gravimeter and the improvement of the gravity measurement precision are realized.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a dynamic error monitoring and compensating method for an atomic interference gravimeter according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the method includes:
first, cold radical preparation and velocity selection. The method is consistent with the typical atomic interference gravity measurement steps, and atom group cooling and trapping, state preparation and speed selection are completed through the actions of a magneto-optical trap, polarization gradient cooling, state selection microwave and Raman pulse.
Second, cold radical non-destructive imaging and parametric fitting. The free-falling cold radicals pass through the positions 1-n respectively and act with imaging light pulses at different positions to perform nondestructive imaging. The imaging result comprises n groups of data in the xOz plane and the yOz plane, and the initial size, the transverse temperature and the transverse speed of the cold atomic group in the y direction and the z direction are obtained by utilizing data fitting in the xOz plane, and similarly, the initial size, the transverse temperature and the transverse speed of the cold atomic group in the x direction and the z direction are obtained by utilizing data fitting in the yOz plane. It should be noted that the positions 1 to n do not necessarily need respective independent non-destructive imaging optical paths, and the limitation of atom falling speed is considered, and by the selection of the magnification of the imaging lens and the target surface of the CMOS detector, the imaging positions close to each other can completely share the same imaging optical path, and the time-sharing imaging of cold radicals at different positions is realized, so that optical devices required by corresponding imaging optical paths are saved, and the system is simplified.
Specifically, the specific process of obtaining the cold radical distribution parameters by fitting the nondestructive imaging system includes:
at each position, 3 images are collected by a CMOS detector through time sequence control, and the three conditions of 'no atomic group, no imaging light', 'no atomic group, imaging light' and 'atomic group and imaging light' are respectively corresponding and are respectively marked as Ibg、I0And IatomsAnd further obtaining a normalized diffraction image:
then, according to the position settings of the imaging lens and the CMOS detector, the imaging magnification is calculated, cold atomic group density distribution is obtained based on diffraction image reconstruction by means of geometrical optics and Fourier optics, and cold atomic group distribution parameters such as cold atomic group initial size, transverse temperature and transverse speed are obtained by means of cold atomic group density distribution evolution at different positions and fitting.
And thirdly, evaluating dynamic errors. And performing the polynomial evaluation on the alternating current Stark phase shift, the Coriolis force phase shift, the Raman optical wavefront phase shift and other phase shift errors by using the cold radical distribution parameters obtained by fitting.
Specifically, for an ac stark phase shift error, it satisfies the following equation:
the parameters in the formula are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described further herein. In particular, the cold radical transverse temperature T is obtained after fittingatThen, the evaluation of the ac stark phase shift error can be realized by combining with other known parameters.
For the coriolis force phase shift error, it satisfies the following equation:
similarly, the transverse velocity v of the cold atomic group is obtained through fittingxThe coriolis force phase shift error may then be evaluated in conjunction with other known parameters.
For raman wavefront phase shift error, it satisfies the following formula:
in the same way, combining fitting to obtainThe cold radical initial size, the transverse temperature and the transverse velocity of the cold radical to obtain a cold radical density and velocity distribution function f (x)0,y0,vx,vy) The evaluation of the Raman optical wavefront phase shift error can be realized by combining other known parameters. Wherein, according to the initial size, transverse temperature and transverse velocity of the cold atomic group, the density and velocity distribution function f (x) of the cold atomic group is obtained0,y0,vx,vy) The method of (3) can be carried out by using the existing techniques.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, only the evaluation method of each error is described in a very brief way, and how the cold radical distribution parameter obtained by the non-destructive imaging is associated with each parameter is described. The actual error evaluation method is more complicated, but is already known to researchers in this field, and can be performed by themselves in combination with the above description, and further details are not described here.
Fourthly, atomic interference and atomic end state detection are carried out. And the cold atomic groups which finish imaging react with Raman light pulses to form a pi/2-pi/2 interference sequence, the fluorescence of the cold atomic groups is received through a fluorescence detection unit under the action of the bottom end of the interference cavity and detection light, the transition probability of the cold atomic groups after interference is calculated, and the gravity acceleration value is obtained through conversion.
And fifthly, compensating and correcting the dynamic error. And (4) compensating and correcting dynamic errors of the original result of the single-period gravity acceleration measurement by combining each error evaluation result obtained in the third step, and simultaneously feeding back system control parameters to adjust the working state of the atomic interference gravimeter.
And sixthly, repeating the steps from one to five to realize the measurement of the cycle period and the continuous output of the gravity value.
The dynamic error compensation system and method for the atomic interference gravimeter provided by the embodiment of the invention have the advantages that:
1. no heating damage effect. The traditional absorption imaging or fluorescence imaging method adopts near-resonance imaging light to excite atoms, and cold atomic groups absorb the imaging light to generate heating and energy level transition, so that the prepared cold atomic groups are damaged, the destructive imaging method belongs to destructive imaging, and the method cannot be used for the subsequent interferometric measurement process and cannot realize the online monitoring of cold atomic group distribution parameters. On the contrary, the embodiment of the invention adopts the far-detuning imaging light with weak light intensity, utilizes the scattering effect of the cold atomic groups on the imaging light to realize the nondestructive imaging of the cold atomic groups, reduces the absorption effect to the minimum, can avoid the heating effect on the cold atomic groups, does not influence the subsequent interference gravity measurement process, realizes the on-line monitoring, and simultaneously uses the monitoring result for the dynamic compensation of single measurement error to improve the measurement precision.
2. The system is simple to implement. According to the embodiment of the invention, only a small number of optical elements (including an optical fiber coupling head, a lens, a beam splitter, a reflector, a CMOS detector and the like) can be added on a typical atomic interference gravity meter structure, the compensation and the precision improvement of the gravity measurement dynamic error are realized on the premise of hardly sacrificing the system volume and complexity, and the robustness of the whole system can be well maintained.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A dynamic error monitoring and compensating system of an atomic interference gravimeter is characterized by comprising the atomic interference gravimeter and a nondestructive imaging unit; wherein:
the nondestructive imaging unit is arranged below a magneto-optical trap unit of the atomic interference gravimeter and is used for performing nondestructive imaging on cold atomic groups passing through an interference cavity of the atomic interference gravimeter so as to obtain a diffraction image;
and the computer processing unit of the atomic interference gravimeter is used for obtaining cold atomic group distribution parameters according to the diffraction image, performing dynamic error compensation and correction on the gravity acceleration measured value of each period according to the cold atomic group distribution parameters, feeding back system control parameters and adjusting the working state of the atomic interference gravimeter.
2. The system for monitoring and compensating the dynamic error of the atomic interference gravimeter according to claim 1, wherein the difference between the frequency of the imaging light of the nondestructive imaging unit and the frequency of the cold radical transition is greater than a preset first threshold, the light intensity of the imaging light is less than a preset second threshold, so as to avoid the heating effect of the imaging light on the cold radical, and the dispersion effect of the imaging light still exists, so as to complete the cold radical imaging measurement by using the dispersion signal without destroying the cold radical.
3. The system for monitoring and compensating the dynamic error of the atomic interference gravimeter according to claim 1, wherein the nondestructive imaging unit comprises a fiber coupling head, a collimating lens, an imaging lens and a CMOS detector, which are sequentially arranged on the optical path; the optical fiber coupling head and the collimating lens are arranged on one side of an interference cavity of the atomic interference gravimeter, and the imaging lens and the CMOS detector are arranged on the opposite side of the interference cavity; the optical fiber coupling head is used for outputting imaging light, the collimating lens is used for collimating the imaging light into parallel light, the parallel light passes through one end face of the interference cavity and irradiates on the passing cold atomic group, then the parallel light is emitted from the other end face of the interference cavity, the parallel light passes through the imaging lens and irradiates on a target surface of the CMOS detector, and the collection of the diffraction image is completed.
4. The system for monitoring and compensating the dynamic error of the atomic interference gravimeter according to claim 3, wherein the nondestructive imaging units are repeatedly arranged at different heights to form a nondestructive imaging unit array, so as to realize time-sharing imaging of cold radicals at different positions;
and/or time-sharing imaging of cold radicals at different positions is realized by using the same imaging optical path through the magnification of the imaging lens and the selection of the target surface of the CMOS detector.
5. The system for monitoring and compensating the dynamic error of the atomic interference gravimeter according to claim 3, wherein the nondestructive imaging unit further includes a beam splitting module, the beam splitting module is disposed behind the collimating lens on the light path, and the parallel light collimated by the collimating lens is split into N beams by the beam splitting module and then emitted to the interference cavity; correspondingly, the number of the imaging lenses and the number of the CMOS detectors are correspondingly N; the beam splitting module comprises N-1 beam splitters and 1 reflecting mirror which are sequentially arranged in parallel.
6. The system for monitoring and compensating the dynamic error of the atomic interference gravimeter according to claim 3, wherein the imaging lens is a single imaging lens structure or a multi-lens combination structure.
7. The system for monitoring and compensating the dynamic error of the atomic interferometer according to claim 1, wherein the nondestructive imaging unit is disposed on an xOz plane and/or a yOz plane with a vertical falling direction of the cold atomic group as a z-axis.
8. The atomic interference gravimeter dynamic error monitoring compensation system according to claim 1, wherein the nondestructive imaging unit employs any one of a dark field imaging system, a phase contrast imaging system, a faraday rotation imaging system, a defocus imaging system, and a spatial heterodyne interferometry imaging system.
9. A method for monitoring and compensating dynamic errors of an atomic interference gravimeter based on the system of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
in each measurement period, performing cold radical preparation and speed selection and then releasing cold radicals;
the released cold atomic groups pass through the nondestructive imaging unit to obtain the diffraction image; obtaining cold atomic group distribution parameters by fitting the diffraction images of cold atomic groups at different heights, and performing dynamic error subentry evaluation according to the cold atomic group distribution parameters to obtain dynamic error subentry evaluation results;
cold atomic groups form an interference sequence through the action of Raman light, and a gravity acceleration measured value is obtained through calculation through the detection of cold atomic group end states;
and performing dynamic error compensation and correction on the gravity acceleration measured value by using the dynamic error subentry evaluation result, feeding back system control parameters, adjusting the working state of the atomic interference gravimeter, and starting the next measurement period.
10. The method for monitoring and compensating for the dynamic error of the atomic interferometer according to claim 9, wherein the cold radical distribution parameters include initial size, lateral temperature, and lateral velocity; the dynamic error includes at least one of an ac stark phase shift error, a coriolis force phase shift error, and a raman wavefront phase shift error.
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