CN115116310A - Michelson interferometer teaching platform - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Michelson interferometer teaching platform which comprises a Michelson interference optical system, an interference fringe sensing system, a mechanical transmission system and a general control system, wherein the Michelson interference optical system is respectively connected with the interference fringe sensing system and the mechanical transmission system; the interference fringe sensing system is connected with the mechanical transmission system; the mechanical transmission system is connected with the overall control system. The invention has good use effect, can realize high-efficiency and quick light path adjustment, enables students to quickly observe stable interference fringes, realizes stable movement of the plane reflector by automatically controlling the translation of the motor, and leads the interference fringes to be clearly and stably 'throughput'.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical instruments, in particular to a Michelson interferometer teaching platform.
Background
The michelson interferometer is the most common one of the optical interferometers and one of the optical interferometers that must be taught in college physical experiments.
The michelson interferometer experiment of developing at present receives the restriction of experiment platform, and it is the same to be difficult to adjust the two bundles of light intensity that realize taking place to interfere rapidly, leads to the interference fringe contrast relatively poor for the student adjusts the time overlength of light path, and the experiment success rate is lower. Even observe the interference fringe, reading the fringe in-process, also need the fine-tuning knob of very careful rotation lead screw, this is because the fringe is strong to the sensibility such as rotation, the vibration of knob, and the stability of instrument is not enough, and the fringe often flashes suddenly fast, with the degree of difficulty of greatly increased experimental operation to deviate from the original purpose that the experiment class was seted up, consequently, it is very necessary to improve michelson interferometer teaching experiment platform
Aiming at the technical defects in the prior art, one type is not available at present, the related light path in the Michelson interferometer can be redesigned, and efficient and quick light path adjustment can be realized, so that students can quickly observe stable interference fringes and realize stable motion of a plane reflector through automatic control of motor translation, and the interference fringes are clearly and stably 'huffled and puff' on the adaptive Michelson interferometer teaching platform.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a Michelson interferometer teaching platform to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a michelson interferometer teaching platform, includes michelson interference optical system, interference fringe perception system, mechanical transmission system and overall control system, its characterized in that: the Michelson interference optical system is respectively connected with the interference fringe sensing system and the mechanical transmission system; the interference fringe sensing system is connected with the mechanical transmission system; the mechanical transmission system is connected with the overall control system.
Preferably, the michelson interference optical system comprises a laser beam expanding and collimating subsystem and a polarization interference subsystem, wherein the laser beam expanding and collimating subsystem comprises a laser light source, a first convex lens and a second convex lens; the first convex lens is arranged on one side of the laser light source, the second convex lens is arranged on one side of the first convex lens, and laser emitted by the laser light source is converged to the focus of the first convex lens through the first convex lens; and the second convex lens is adopted to expand the light beam and simultaneously change the light beam into parallel light or nearly parallel light, so that the laser beam expanding collimation is simultaneously realized, and the beam expanding magnification is the ratio of the focal length of the convex lens to the focal length of the convex lens.
The polarization interference subsystem comprises a first plane mirror, a first quarter-wave plate, a second quarter-wave plate, a polarization beam splitter prism, a second plane mirror and a polaroid, the polarization interference subsystem is connected with the laser beam expanding collimation subsystem, one side of the surface of the second convex lens is provided with the first quarter-wave plate, one side of the first quarter-wave plate is provided with the first plane mirror, one side of the first quarter-wave plate far away from the second convex lens is provided with the second quarter-wave plate, a polarization beam splitter prism is arranged between the second quarter-wave plate and the second convex lens, one side of the second quarter-wave plate far away from the polarization beam splitter prism is provided with the second plane mirror, the outer side of the polarization beam splitter prism is provided with a prism clamping mechanism, the basic principle of the polarization interference subsystem is similar to that of a common Michelson interferometer, essentially, the Michelson interference phenomenon of polarized light is the phenomenon that laser emitted by the laser beam expanding and collimating subsystem separates two lights with different polarization states after passing through the polarization splitting prism so as not to influence each other, meanwhile, the optical paths of the two beams of light passing through the glass are equal, a compensating mirror can be removed, the laser is divided into two paths of linearly polarized light with different polarization states after passing through a polarization beam splitter prism, the linearly polarized light of the measuring arm is changed into circularly polarized light through a first quarter-wave plate, the circularly polarized light passes through the first quarter-wave plate after being reflected by a first plane mirror, the linearly polarized light of the reference arm is changed into circularly polarized light through a second quarter-wave plate, the circularly polarized light passes through the second quarter-wave plate after being reflected by a second plane mirror, and finally the polarization beam splitter prism is combined, at the moment, the two beams of light have different attenuation conditions due to different environmental conditions of the two beams of light passing through the measuring arm and the reference arm, and the light intensity is generally not the same, so that the contrast of interference fringes is not strong. The light intensity of two beams of light which interfere with each other can be continuously adjusted by rotating the polaroid, so that the light intensity is close to each other, and the interference fringes with high contrast are realized.
Preferably, the interference fringe perception system comprises a receiver device, and a receiver is arranged on one side of the polaroid and is used for acquiring interference fringe information through the receiver.
Preferably, the mechanical transmission system comprises a motor lead screw, a micro-feeding mechanism, an angular displacement table and a rotary displacement table; the motor lead screw comprises a motor, a coupler, a nut table and a lead screw and is used for realizing large-displacement movement of the plane mirror M; the lower end of the polarization beam splitter prism is provided with a motor, one side of the motor is provided with a nut table, the lower end of the nut table is provided with a guide rail, the nut table is movably clamped at the upper end of the guide rail, a lead screw is movably arranged between the guide rails through a bearing, the output shaft end of the motor is in transmission connection with the lead screw through a coupler, and the inner part of the nut table is movably sleeved on the outer side surface of the lead screw through threads;
the upper end of the nut platform is provided with a flexible mechanism connecting plate, the upper end of the flexible mechanism connecting plate is provided with a micro-feeding mechanism, the micro-feeding mechanism comprises an angular displacement platform, a rotary displacement platform, a bridge type displacement amplifying mechanism, a straight round flexible hinge, a moving platform, a motion decoupling mechanism, a fixed base body, piezoelectric ceramics and a cushion block, the upper end of the nut platform is provided with the angular displacement platform, the upper end of the angular displacement platform is provided with the rotary displacement platform, the upper end of the rotary displacement platform is fixedly connected with the first plane mirror, the bridge type displacement amplifying mechanism is arranged in the rotary displacement platform, the straight round flexible hinge is arranged in the bridge type displacement amplifying mechanism, one side of the bridge type displacement amplifying mechanism is provided with the moving platform, one side of the moving platform is provided with the motion decoupling mechanism, and the motion decoupling mechanism is hinged and connected with the straight round flexible hinge through a plate spring, the two sides of the bridge type displacement amplification mechanism are provided with fixed substrates for mounting the micro-feeding mechanism on the nut table, the piezoelectric ceramics are arranged on the inner side of the bridge type displacement amplification mechanism, one side of the piezoelectric ceramics is provided with a cushion block, and the cushion block can pre-tighten the pressure point ceramics, so that the piezoelectric ceramics are always in contact with the micro-feeding mechanism in the motion process, and the micro-feeding mechanism is used for realizing the precise movement of the first plane mirror in order to ensure the motion precision of the mechanism;
the motor lead screw is used for realizing large displacement movement of the first plane mirror, and a stepping motor with a coding disc is adopted to drive the lead screw to generate rotary motion, so that the nut table generates certain translational movement, and the distance from the first plane mirror to the central polarization beam splitter prism is adjusted until a receiver generates clear interference fringes;
the micro-feeding mechanism is used for precisely moving the first plane mirror, the first plane mirror is precisely moved through the micro-feeding flexible mechanism based on the flexible hinge and driven by the piezoelectric ceramics, throughput of interference fringes of the receiving screen is further achieved, and laser wavelength is calculated according to the precise movement displacement and the throughput number of the fringes.
The angular displacement platform utilizes the transmission of a worm gear and a worm and a dovetail groove guide rail to drive the platform to generate pitching motion.
The rotary displacement table utilizes a precise thread pair of a micrometer to drive the platform to generate rotary motion.
Preferably, the overall control system comprises a charge amplifier, a motor driver, a motor power supply, a collection card and an upper computer;
the upper computer realizes data reading and motion control: the motion control of the stepping motor and the micro-feeding mechanism is realized by the upper computer and the acquisition card by utilizing a human-computer interaction interface, the upper computer is enabled to acquire platform movement information input by an operator through the human-computer interaction interface, the platform movement information is calculated through a software program and output by the acquisition card, and the large stroke and the micro-feeding mechanism are adjusted to control the platform to move.
The whole motion workbench is driven by a collection card, a motor driver and a stepping motor, and the speed and position control of the large-stroke movement of the workbench is realized. And the related optical devices are adjusted by adopting a feedforward control method, and a control signal is output by adopting an acquisition card to control the piezoelectric ceramics to work so as to realize the micro-feeding of the first plane mirror.
Preferably, an optical element support seat is arranged at the lower end of the polarization splitting prism, and an optical flat plate is arranged at the lower end of the optical element support seat.
A use method of a self-adaptive Michelson interferometer teaching platform comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: starting a desktop PC;
the second step is that: electrifying and preheating: turning on a laser, and switching on a power supply of a stepping motor and a power supply of a charge amplifier;
the third step: using AdvantechXNavi to check whether the connection between the acquisition card and the computer end is smooth;
the fourth step: operating the upper computer;
as shown in fig. 9, the upper computer working interface is mainly divided into four parts: macro/micro motion selection, motor parameter setting, micro feed parameter setting and wavelength calculation.
Description of the function:
1) coarse and fine tuning selection: in the frame of macro and micro motion selection, a key of micro feed/motor is clicked, a motion mode can be selected, the left side is a micro feed mode, and the right side is a motor motion mode. The motor movement mode is rough adjustment of the plane mirror, and the micro-feeding mode is fine adjustment of the plane mirror.
2) Adjusting the position of the plane mirror: in a frame (motor parameter setting), a large-range movement displacement (the maximum selection range is 0-100 mm) of the plane mirror is input in an input frame (coarse adjustment displacement). Clicking (front/back) to select, then clicking (front and back confirmation) to press a button, and selecting the plane mirror to move forward or backward. And filling the coarse adjustment displacement to set the moving distance, clicking a speed confirmation button after clicking a speed button, and selecting the quick or slow movement of the plane mirror to generate corresponding movement of the workbench.
3) Micro-feeding movement: in a [ micro-feeding parameter setting ] frame, a plane mirror micro-movement displacement amount (the input range is 0-20 mu m) is input in a [ micro-feeding displacement ] input frame, and a [ micro-feeding motion confirmation ] key is clicked, so that the plane mirror generates corresponding micro-feeding motion. And recording the number of the stop rings until the micro-feeding movement stops, filling the counted number of the stop rings in an input box of (counting the number of the strip rings), and clicking a key of (confirming the number of the strip rings) to finish the operation of one micro-feeding stop ring.
4) And (3) wavelength calculation: after 5 micro feeding movements are completed, and the [ fringe turn number confirmation ] key in the [ micro feeding parameter setting ] frame is clicked for the last time, the wavelength obtained by each test and the average wavelength of 5 times are automatically calculated, and in [ wavelength calculation ], the [ wavelength calculation result ] and the [ average wavelength ] are read:
the method comprises the following specific operations:
1) opening a LabVIEW program interface, selecting a motor, running a program, selecting a high-speed/low-speed gear position of the motor, coarsely/finely adjusting the position of a plane mirror, adjusting an aperture until an interference ring is proper in size and proper in definition, and stopping the program;
2) selecting [ micro-feeding ], setting a micro-feeding length, finely adjusting the position of a plane mirror to move forward by a fixed length, observing the handling of interference rings, counting the number of the handling rings by human eyes, and inputting the number of the counted rings into [ confirming the number of turns of fringes ] for confirmation;
3) carrying out the next group of micro-feeding experiments, repeating the experiments for 5 times, and recording 5 groups of data;
4) reading the wavelength calculation result and the average value;
5) checking the integrity of the test data;
6) and ending, closing the program, the computer and the laser. Turning off the power supply
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention replaces the manual debugging of students with the motor, the screw rod and the micro-feeding mechanism, can realize the high-efficiency and quick light path adjustment, enables the students to quickly observe stable interference fringes, realizes the stable movement of the plane reflector by automatically controlling the translation of the motor, and leads the interference fringes to be clearly and stably 'throughput'.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a Michelson interferometer teaching platform according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the overall structure of a Michelson interferometer teaching platform of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optical system of a Michelson interferometer teaching platform according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the motor and screw drive of a Michelson interferometer teaching platform of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a bridge type displacement amplification mechanism of a Michelson interferometer teaching platform according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a micro-feeding mechanism of a Michelson interferometer teaching platform according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a top view of a micro-feeding mechanism of a Michelson interferometer teaching platform according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a Michelson interferometer teaching platform control system of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a working interface of an upper computer of a Michelson interferometer teaching platform according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a laser light source, 2, a first convex lens, 3, a second convex lens, 4, a first plane mirror, 5, a first quarter wave plate, 6, a second quarter wave plate, 7, a prism clamping mechanism, 8, a polarization beam splitter prism, 9, a second plane mirror, 10, a polaroid, 11, a receiver, 12, a coupler, 13, a motor, 14, an optical element supporting seat, 15, an optical flat plate, 16, a nut table, 17, a guide rail, 18, the device comprises a screw rod, 19, a flexible mechanism connecting plate, 20, a micro-feeding mechanism, 21, an angular displacement table, 22, a rotary displacement table, 23, a bridge type displacement amplifying mechanism, 24, a straight round flexible hinge, 25, a motion platform, 26, a motion decoupling mechanism, 27, a fixed substrate, 28, piezoelectric ceramics, 29, a cushion block, 30, a charge amplifier, 31, a motor driver, 32, a motor power supply, 33, an acquisition card, 34 and an upper computer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
5. Referring to fig. 1-9, the present invention provides a technical solution: a Michelson interferometer teaching platform comprises a Michelson interference optical system, an interference fringe sensing system, a mechanical transmission system and a general control system, wherein the Michelson interference optical system is respectively connected with the interference fringe sensing system and the mechanical transmission system; the interference fringe sensing system is connected with the mechanical transmission system; the mechanical transmission system is connected with the overall control system.
The Michelson interference optical system comprises a laser beam expanding and collimating subsystem and a polarization interference subsystem, wherein the laser beam expanding and collimating subsystem comprises a laser source 1, a first convex lens 2 and a second convex lens 3; the first convex lens 2 is arranged on one side of the laser light source 1, the second convex lens 3 is arranged on one side of the first convex lens 2, and the laser light emitted by the laser light source 1 is converged to the focus of the first convex lens 2 through the first convex lens 2; and then the light beam is expanded by the second convex lens 3 and is changed into parallel light or nearly parallel light, so that the laser beam expanding collimation is realized simultaneously, and the beam expanding magnification is the ratio of the focal length of the convex lens 3 to the focal length of the convex lens 2
The polarization interference subsystem comprises a first plane mirror 4, a first quarter-wave plate 5, a second quarter-wave plate 6, a polarization beam splitter prism 8, a second plane mirror 9 and a polaroid 10, the polarization interference subsystem is connected with the laser beam expanding and collimating subsystem, one side of the surface of the second convex lens 3 is provided with the first quarter-wave plate 5, one side of the first quarter-wave plate 5 is provided with the first plane mirror 4, one side of the first quarter-wave plate 5 far away from the second convex lens 3 is provided with the second quarter-wave plate 6, a polarization beam splitter prism 8 is arranged between the second quarter-wave plate 6 and the second convex lens 3, one side of the second quarter-wave plate 6 far away from the polarization beam splitter prism 8 is provided with the second plane mirror 9, the outer side of the polarization beam splitter prism 8 is provided with a prism clamping mechanism 7, and the basic principle of the polarization interference subsystem is similar to that of a common michelson interferometer, the device is essentially the Michelson interference phenomenon of polarized light, namely, laser emitted by a laser beam expanding collimation subsystem passes through a polarization beam splitting prism 8 and then separates two lights with different polarization states, so that the two lights are not influenced mutually, meanwhile, the optical paths of the two lights passing through glass are equal, a compensating mirror can be removed, the laser passes through the polarization beam splitting prism 8 and then is divided into two paths of linearly polarized lights with different polarization states, the linearly polarized light of a measuring arm passes through a first quarter-wave plate 5 and becomes circularly polarized light, the linearly polarized light of a reference arm passes through the first quarter-wave plate 5 after being reflected by a first plane mirror 4 and becomes circularly polarized light again, the linearly polarized light of the reference arm passes through a second quarter-wave plate 6 after being reflected by a second plane mirror 9 and finally, after the polarization beam splitting prism 8 is combined, the two beams of light pass through the measuring arm and the reference arm under different environmental conditions, the attenuation conditions are different, and the light intensity is generally not the same, so that the interference fringe contrast is not strong. The light intensity of the two interfering beams can be continuously adjusted by rotating the polarizer 10 to make the light intensities close, thereby realizing high-contrast interference fringes.
The fringe perception system comprises a receiver device 11, and a receiver 11 is arranged on one side of the polarizing plate 10, and is used for acquiring fringe information through the receiver 11.
The mechanical transmission system comprises a motor lead screw, a micro-feeding mechanism 20, an angular displacement table 21 and a rotary displacement table 22; the motor lead screw comprises a motor 13, a coupler 12, a nut table 16 and a lead screw 18 and is used for realizing large displacement movement of the plane mirror M1; the lower end of the polarization beam splitter prism 8 is provided with a motor 13, one side of the motor 13 is provided with a nut table 16, the lower end of the nut table 16 is provided with a guide rail 17, the nut table 16 is movably clamped and arranged at the upper end of the guide rail 17, a screw rod 18 is movably arranged between the guide rails 17 through a bearing, the output shaft end of the motor 13 is in transmission connection with the screw rod 18 through a coupler 12, and the inner part of the nut table 16 is movably sleeved on the outer side surface of the screw rod 18 through threads;
the upper end of the nut platform 16 is provided with a flexible mechanism connecting plate 19, the upper end of the flexible mechanism connecting plate 19 is provided with a micro feeding mechanism 20, the micro feeding mechanism 20 comprises an angular displacement platform 21, a rotary displacement platform 22, a bridge type displacement amplifying mechanism 23, a straight round flexible hinge 24, a moving platform 25, a motion decoupling mechanism 26, a fixed base 27, piezoelectric ceramics 28 and a cushion block 29, the upper end of the nut platform 16 is provided with the angular displacement platform 21, the upper end of the angular displacement platform 21 is provided with the rotary displacement platform 22, the upper end of the rotary displacement platform 22 is fixedly connected with the first plane mirror 4, the bridge type displacement amplifying mechanism 23 is arranged in the rotary displacement platform 22, the straight round flexible hinge 24 is arranged in the bridge type displacement amplifying mechanism 23, one side of the bridge type displacement amplifying mechanism 23 is provided with the moving platform 25, one side of the moving platform 25 is provided with the motion decoupling mechanism 26, the motion decoupling mechanism 26 is hinged with the straight round flexible hinge 24 through a plate spring, fixing substrates 27 are arranged on two sides of the bridge type displacement amplifying mechanism 23 and used for mounting the micro feeding mechanism 20 on the nut table 16, the piezoelectric ceramics 28 are arranged on the inner side of the bridge type displacement amplifying mechanism 23, a cushion block 29 is arranged on one side of the piezoelectric ceramics 28, and the pressure point ceramics can be pre-tightened through the cushion block 29, so that the piezoelectric ceramics 28 are always in contact with the micro feeding mechanism 20 in the motion process, and the precision movement of the first plane mirror 4 is realized in order to ensure the motion precision of the mechanism;
the motor lead screw is used for realizing large displacement movement of the first plane mirror 4, and the stepping motor 13 with the coding disc is adopted to drive the lead screw 18 to generate rotary motion, so that the nut table 16 generates certain translational movement, and the distance from the first plane mirror 4 to the central polarization splitting prism 8 is adjusted until the receiver 11 generates clear interference fringes;
specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the nut table 16 and the load mass are m, and the lead of the lead screw 18 is Δ s. In order to obtain the moment of inertia of the nut table 16 and the load thereof converted to the motor shaft, firstly, by using the law of conservation of energy, it can be known that the nut table moves to do work and is equal to the equivalent moment of inertia to do work:
the relation between the moving distance of the nut platform and the rotating angle of the screw in unit time is that s is theta multiplied by delta s/2 pi: therefore, the relationship between the nut stand moving speed v and the screw rotation speed n can be obtained:
and further, the moment of inertia of the motor shaft can be converted from the nut table and the load thereof:
because the screw rod is coaxial with the motor shaft, the equivalent moment of inertia of the motor shaft end during the transmission of the motor-screw rod-nut is obtained:
j is equivalent moment of inertia; j. the design is a square M Motor shaft torque (kg cm) 2 ]；J S The moment of inertia of the screw is kg cm 2 ]，J s ＝m s d 2 8; m is nut stand and load mass [ kg](ii) a Δ s: lead screw lead [ cm ]]。
An acceleration torque and a deceleration torque are calculated separately in consideration of the acceleration at the initial operation time and the deceleration at the stop time in the motion transmission, and are converted into N · m units.
Acceleration torque:
similarly, the deceleration torque:
n is the motor speed r/min]；t Acceleration Acceleration time [ s ]]；t Speed reduction Speed-down time s]。
And calculating the load torque during stable constant-speed motion according to the load weight of the nut table, the friction coefficient and the motor efficiency. And the law of conservation of energy is utilized again, and the situation that the lead screw rotates for one circle is assumed, and the motor inputs torque to do work and the nut table moves to do work.
T L ×2π×η＝F×Δs×10 -3
Further, it is possible to obtain:
eta is mechanical efficiency, F is axial force borne by the linear motion nut table, and the linear motion nut table mainly comprises sliding rail friction force and external axial load.
F＝F c +μ(mg+F 0 )；
Wherein: f c Axial external force [ N ]]Mu is friction coefficient; m is nut stand and load mass [ kg](ii) a g is gravitational acceleration of 9.8m/s 2 ]；F 0 Positive pressure (N) applied to the slide block from outside]。
The maximum output torque of the selected motor is larger than the sum of the acceleration torque and the load torque during the stable constant-speed motion.
T max ＞T a +T L
The continuous effective torque can be obtained from the load torque, the acceleration torque, the deceleration torque, and the holding torque.
T LH Holding torque [ during horizontal movement, T LH ＝0]
t Constant velocity Constant speed motion time s]；t Stop Stopping time [ s ]]；t Period of time Cycle time [ s ]]。
The rated output torque of the selected motor is required to be larger than the continuous effective torque.
T Rated value ＞T RMS
Substituting the motor related parameters into the above formula to obtain T max ＝0.06Nm，T RMS ＝0.03Nm。
The micro-feeding mechanism 20 is used for precisely moving the first plane mirror 4, the first plane mirror 4 is precisely moved by the micro-feeding flexible mechanism 20 based on the flexible hinge and driven by the piezoelectric ceramics 28, the throughput of the interference fringes of the receiving screen is further realized, and the laser wavelength is calculated according to the precise movement displacement and the throughput number of the fringes;
the micro-feeding flexible mechanism 20 consists of a bridge type displacement amplification mechanism 23, a motion decoupling mechanism 26, a fixed base 27 and a motion platform 25.
Bridge type displacement amplifying mechanism
In order to improve the precise displacement stroke of the flexible mechanism, a bridge type displacement amplification mechanism 23 (shown in fig. 5) is designed. The bridge type amplification mechanism adopts straight round flexible hinges with high rotation precision, and each straight round flexible hinge can be simplified into a rotating pair with certain torsional rigidity. The designed bridge type amplification mechanism and the working principle thereof are respectively shown in fig. 5, the extending amount of two sides is delta x under the action of piezoelectric ceramics, the total extending amount is 2 delta x, meanwhile, the CD rod and the AB rod rotate around a D point and a B point respectively, the total displacement output by the intermediate member is delta y, and therefore the displacement amplification ratio of the bridge type amplification mechanism is obtained as follows:
considering the symmetry of the bridge amplification mechanism, the amplification factor of the displacement amplification mechanism is theoretically analyzed based on the 1/4 model, as shown in fig. 5. Calculating the rigidity of the mechanism by using a rigidity matrix method, and analyzing the 1/4 model under certain acting force at X in And Y in Towards the resulting deformation. A single straight circular flexible hinge structure is shown in fig. 5, and relevant parameters include: thickness t of straight round flexible hinge c Radius r c Width b; in a local coordinate system O 0 -X 0 Y 0 Z 0 Now, the straight circular flexible hinge compliance matrix can be expressed as:
each straight circular flexible hinge is transferred to O-X shown in FIG. 5 by matrix rotation and translation in Y in Z in And a global local coordinate system, and accordingly, respectively obtaining a flexibility matrix of the input end and the output end of the micro-feeding flexible mechanism. The compliance matrix transfer equation for each flexible hinge is as follows:
for the ith flexible hinge, the translation matrix
From the origin of the local coordinate system to the whole local coordinate system under the ith local coordinate systemVector of origin of local coordinate system. R i Is a rotation matrix of the ith coordinate system relative to the global coordinate system, and the rotation matrices around three axes of X, Y, Z are respectively expressed as
1/4 bridge amplification mechanism O-X shown in FIG. 5 in Y in Z in The compliance matrix of the global coordinate system is C in ＝C 1 +C 2 And C is a 6 × 6 order matrix.
According to the relation X of force and displacement in ＝C in F in Respectively, a deformation in a global coordinate system is obtained, wherein,
the analysis shows that the rotation angle of the input point around the Z axis is 0.
1/4 the magnification of the bridge amplification mechanism is:
the total magnification of the bridge type amplification mechanism obtained according to the mechanism deformation is as follows:
② micro-feeding flexible mechanism
By combining the bridge displacement amplification mechanism 23 and the motion decoupling mechanism 26, the micro-feeding flexible mechanism 20 shown in fig. 6 is designed, and the boundary dimension is 65mm × 68 mm. Considering the compact mechanism, the motion decoupling mechanism 26 adopts a symmetrical double-leaf-spring flexible hinge, and the decoupling principle is the same as that of a symmetrical double-straight-circle flexible hinge. The designed micro-feeding flexible mechanism comprises 8 straight round flexible hinges 24 of a bridge type displacement amplification mechanism 23 and 4 plate spring flexible hinges of a motion decoupling mechanism 26. The upper and lower ends are provided with fixing bases 27 for mounting the micro-feeding mechanism 20 on the nut table 16. As shown in fig. 7, the piezoelectric ceramic 28 is installed inside the bridge displacement amplification mechanism 23 and is pre-tensioned by a cushion block 29, so as to ensure that the piezoelectric ceramic 28 is always in contact with the micro-feeding flexible mechanism during the movement. In order to ensure the motion precision of the mechanism, the micro-feeding flexible mechanism is manufactured by cutting a whole material into a wire
Angular displacement table 21 utilizes a worm gear drive and a dovetail rail drive platform to generate pitching motion.
The rotary displacement table 22 produces rotary motion using a precision screw pair drive platform of a micrometer.
The overall control system comprises a charge amplifier 30, a motor driver 31, a motor power supply 32, an acquisition card 33 and an upper computer 34;
the upper computer 34 realizes data reading and motion control: the motion control of the stepping motor 13 and the micro-feeding mechanism 20 is realized by a human-computer interaction interface through an upper computer 34 and an acquisition card 33, the upper computer 34 acquires platform moving information input by an operator through the human-computer interaction interface, the platform moving information is calculated through a software program and output by the acquisition card 33, and the large stroke and the micro-feeding mechanism are adjusted to control the platform to move.
The integral motion workbench is driven by an acquisition card 33, a motor driver 31 and a stepping motor 13 to realize the speed and position control of the large-stroke movement of the workbench, and the adjustment of related optical devices adopts a feed-forward control method, adopts the acquisition card 33 to output control signals and controls the piezoelectric ceramic 28 to work to realize the micro-feeding of the first plane mirror 4;
the control system is mainly divided into a large-stroke linear motion workbench motion control module and a micro-feeding mechanism 20 motion control module, wherein the large-stroke linear motion workbench motion control module consists of 1 57 stepping motor and encoder, a closed-loop driver HSC57, a lead screw guide rail nut, a PCIE data acquisition card, a desktop PC and LabVIEW software;
the system power supply is mainly divided into two parts, wherein the power supply module is mainly used for supplying power to the stepping motor, the coding disc and the motor driver, the power supply module mainly converts 220V alternating current into 24V and 10A direct current, and the direct output voltage realizes the connection between different modules by using a common copper core wire. The power supply module is a mature power supply module in the market;
the power supply of the acquisition card is mainly supplied through a PCIE slot of the desktop PC. The 57 stepping motor is driven by four wires, and the HSC57 motor driver is respectively connected with the two-phase windings of the motor AB from four output ports. The stepping motor coding disc is provided with 4 output ports which are respectively used for positive and negative outputs of an AB phase and are supplied with 5V power by a driver. The above lines are distinguished by color. The counter of the acquisition card can provide a 5V controllable pulse output signal as a motor input signal. By adopting a common cathode wiring method, the pulse-, direction-and enable-of the HSC57 motor driver is connected with the DGNC end of the acquisition card, the counter of the acquisition card can output a 5V pulse signal, and therefore, the output end of the CNT0_ OUT of the acquisition card counter is connected with the pulse + to provide an input signal. The other two digital I/O ports are connected with enable + and direction + to provide high and low levels. The acquisition card is connected with the desktop computer through a PCIE port without wiring. The micro-feeding flexible workbench motion control module consists of piezoelectric ceramics, a charge amplifier, an acquisition card and a desktop PC, and the components and the hardware interface are connected. The acquisition card still uses a PCIE interface, and the charge amplifier can directly use 220V alternating current. The acquisition card is connected with the charge amplifier, the analog signal end of the acquisition card can output 0-10V analog signals, the analog signals are amplified into 0-150V voltage signals through the charge amplifier, and the acquisition card and the charge amplifier are connected through a common copper core wire. The charge amplifier is connected with the piezoelectric ceramic, outputs a piezoelectric ceramic control signal and a 0-150V voltage signal, and can be directly connected with a common copper core wire.
An optical element supporting seat 14 is arranged at the lower end of the polarization splitting prism 8, and an optical flat plate 15 is arranged at the lower end of the optical element supporting seat 14.
A use method of a self-adaptive Michelson interferometer teaching platform specifically comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that:
the first step is as follows: starting a desktop PC;
the second step is that: electrifying and preheating: turning on a laser, switching on a power supply of a stepping motor and a power supply of a charge amplifier;
the third step: using AdvantechXNavi to check whether the connection between the acquisition card and the computer end is smooth;
the fourth step: operation of the upper computer:
as shown in fig. 9, the upper computer working interface is mainly divided into four parts: macro/micro motion selection, motor parameter setting, micro feed parameter setting and wavelength calculation.
Description of the function:
1) coarse and fine tuning selection: in the frame of macro and micro motion selection, a key of micro feed/motor is clicked, a motion mode can be selected, the left side is a micro feed mode, and the right side is a motor motion mode. The motor movement mode is rough adjustment of the plane mirror, and the micro-feeding mode is fine adjustment of the plane mirror.
2) Adjusting the position of the plane mirror: in a frame (motor parameter setting), a large-range movement displacement (the maximum selection range is 0-100 mm) of the plane mirror is input in an input frame (coarse adjustment displacement). Clicking (front/back) to select, then clicking (front and back confirmation) to press a button, and selecting the plane mirror to move forward or backward. And filling the coarse adjustment displacement to set the moving distance, clicking a speed confirmation button after clicking a speed button, and selecting the quick or slow movement of the plane mirror to generate corresponding movement of the workbench.
3) Micro-feeding movement: in a [ micro-feeding parameter setting ] frame, inputting a plane mirror micro-movement displacement (input range is 0-20 mu m) in a [ micro-feeding displacement ] input frame, clicking a [ micro-feeding movement confirmation ] key, and enabling the plane mirror to generate corresponding micro-feeding movement. And recording the number of the stop rings until the micro-feeding movement stops, filling the counted number of the stop rings in an input box of (counting the number of the strip rings), and clicking a key of (confirming the number of the strip rings) to finish the operation of one micro-feeding stop ring.
4) And (3) wavelength calculation: after 5 micro feeding motions are completed, and the [ fringe turn number confirmation ] key in the [ micro feeding parameter setting ] frame is clicked for the last time, the wavelength obtained by each test and the average wavelength of 5 times are automatically calculated, and the [ wavelength calculation result ] and the [ average wavelength ] in the [ wavelength calculation ] are read;
the operation process comprises the following steps:
1) opening a LabVIEW program interface, selecting a motor, running a program, selecting a high-speed/low-speed gear position of the motor, coarsely/finely adjusting the position of a plane mirror, adjusting an aperture until an interference ring is proper in size and proper in definition, and stopping the program;
2) selecting [ micro-feeding ], setting a micro-feeding length, finely adjusting the position of a plane mirror to move forward by a fixed length, observing the handling of interference rings, counting the number of the handling rings by human eyes, and inputting the number of the counted rings into [ confirming the number of turns of fringes ] for confirmation;
3) carrying out the next group of micro-feeding experiments, repeating the experiments for 5 times, and recording 5 groups of data;
4) reading the wavelength calculation result and the average value;
5) checking the integrity of the test data;
6) and ending, closing the program, the computer and the laser. The power is turned off.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a michelson interferometer teaching platform, includes michelson interference optical system, interference fringe perception system, mechanical transmission system and overall control system, its characterized in that: the Michelson interference optical system is respectively connected with the interference fringe sensing system and the mechanical transmission system; the interference fringe sensing system is connected with the mechanical transmission system; the mechanical transmission system is connected with the overall control system.
2. The michelson interferometer teaching platform of claim (1), wherein: the Michelson interference optical system comprises a laser beam expanding and collimating subsystem and a polarization interference subsystem, wherein the laser beam expanding and collimating subsystem comprises a laser source (1), a first convex lens (2) and a second convex lens (3); the first convex lens (2) is arranged on one side of the laser light source (1), and the second convex lens (3) is arranged on one side of the first convex lens (2);
the polarization interference subsystem comprises a first plane mirror (4), a first quarter-wave plate (5), a second quarter-wave plate (6), a polarization beam splitter prism (8), a second plane mirror (9) and a polaroid (10), the polarization interference subsystem is connected with the laser beam expanding and collimating subsystem, one side of the surface of the second convex lens (3) is provided with the first quarter-wave plate (5), one side of the first quarter-wave plate (5) is provided with the first plane mirror (4), one side of the first quarter-wave plate (5) far away from the second convex lens (3) is provided with the second quarter-wave plate (6), a polarization beam splitter prism (8) is arranged between the second quarter-wave plate (6) and the second convex lens (3), and one side of the second quarter-wave plate (6) far away from the polarization beam splitter prism (8) is provided with the second plane mirror (9), and a prism clamping mechanism (7) is arranged on the outer side of the polarization splitting prism (8).
3. The michelson interferometer teaching platform of claim 2, wherein: the interference fringe perception system comprises a receiver device (11), and a receiver (11) is arranged on one side of the polaroid (10).
4. The michelson interferometer teaching platform of claim 2, wherein: the mechanical transmission system comprises a motor lead screw, a micro-feeding mechanism (20), an angular displacement table (21) and a rotary displacement table (22); the motor lead screw comprises a motor (13), a coupler (12), a nut table (16) and a lead screw (18), the motor (13) is arranged at the lower end of the polarization beam splitter prism (8), the nut table (16) is arranged on one side of the motor (13), a guide rail (17) is arranged at the lower end of the nut table (16), the nut table (16) is movably clamped and arranged at the upper end of the guide rail (17), the lead screw (18) is movably arranged between the guide rails (17) through a bearing, the output shaft end of the motor (13) is in transmission connection with the lead screw (18) through the coupler (12), and the inner part of the nut table (16) is movably sleeved on the outer side surface of the lead screw (18) through threads;
the flexible feeding mechanism is characterized in that a flexible mechanism connecting plate (19) is arranged at the upper end of the nut platform (16), a micro feeding mechanism (20) is arranged at the upper end of the flexible mechanism connecting plate (19), the micro feeding mechanism (20) comprises an angular displacement platform (21), a rotary displacement platform (22), a bridge type displacement amplifying mechanism (23), a straight round flexible hinge (24), a moving platform (25), a movement decoupling mechanism (26), a fixed base body (27), piezoelectric ceramics (28) and a cushion block (29), the angular displacement platform (21) is arranged at the upper end of the nut platform (16), the rotary displacement platform (22) is arranged at the upper end of the angular displacement platform (21), the upper end of the rotary displacement platform (22) is fixedly connected with the first plane mirror (4), the bridge type displacement amplifying mechanism (23) is arranged in the rotary displacement platform (22), the straight round flexible hinge (24) is arranged in the bridge type displacement mechanism (23), bridge type displacement mechanism (23) one side of enlargiing is provided with motion platform (25), motion platform (25) one side is provided with motion decoupling zero mechanism (26), it links to each other to articulate between motion decoupling zero mechanism (26) through leaf spring and the flexible hinge of straight circle (24), the both sides of bridge type displacement mechanism (23) of enlargiing are provided with fixed base member (27), piezoceramics (28) set up the inboard at bridge type displacement mechanism (23) of enlargiing, piezoceramics (28) one side is provided with cushion (29).
5. The michelson interferometer teaching platform of claim (1), wherein: the overall control system comprises a charge amplifier (30), a motor driver (31), a motor power supply (32), an acquisition card (33) and an upper computer (34).
6. A michelson interferometer teaching platform according to claim 2, wherein: an optical element supporting seat (14) is arranged at the lower end of the polarization splitting prism (8), and an optical flat plate (15) is arranged at the lower end of the optical element supporting seat (14).
7. A use method of a self-adaptive Michelson interferometer teaching platform specifically comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that:
the first step is as follows: starting a desktop PC;
the second step: electrifying and preheating: turning on a laser, and switching on a power supply of a stepping motor and a power supply of a charge amplifier;
the third step: checking whether the connection between the acquisition card and the computer end is smooth or not by using AdvantechXNavi;
the fourth step: and (5) operating the upper computer.
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| CN202210895550.9A CN115116310A (en) | 2022-07-26 | 2022-07-26 | Michelson interferometer teaching platform |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102621590A (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2012-08-01 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | System and method for measuring gravity acceleration by utilizing optical fiber technology |
| CN105241557A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2016-01-13 | 南阳理工学院 | Novel Michelson interference fringe measurement and control apparatus and application method thereof |
| CN205785074U (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-12-07 | 西安工程大学 | The laser facula width of measuring device measured based on Michelson interference |
-
2022
- 2022-07-26 CN CN202210895550.9A patent/CN115116310A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102621590A (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2012-08-01 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | System and method for measuring gravity acceleration by utilizing optical fiber technology |
| CN105241557A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2016-01-13 | 南阳理工学院 | Novel Michelson interference fringe measurement and control apparatus and application method thereof |
| CN205785074U (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-12-07 | 西安工程大学 | The laser facula width of measuring device measured based on Michelson interference |
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