CN102537933B - Adjustable feed water heat regenerative system for turbo generator unit - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an adjustable feed water heat regenerative system for a turbo generator unit, which comprises a high pressure cylinder of a steam turbine, a final-stage extraction opening, a final-stage feed water heater, a steam extraction pipe and a regulating valve, wherein the final-stage extraction opening is additionally arranged on the high pressure cylinder; the steam extraction pressure of the final-stage extraction opening is much higher than the common highest extraction pressure; additionally extracted steam is used as a heat source of the final-stage feed water heater; the steam extraction pipe is connected with the final-stage extraction opening and the final-stage feed water heater; and the regulating valve is arranged on the steam extraction pipe. Part of steam which does work is guided to the feed water heater through the final-stage steam extraction pipe so as to further heat feed water of a boiler. The heat regenerative system provided by the invention is an elastic heat regenerative system. The temperature of the feed water can be maintained or changed under the variable load condition of the unit, so that the environmental friendliness, the economy and the safety of the unit are improved and the frequency modulation characteristic is perfected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of adjustable feed water heat regenerative, for Turbo-generator Set.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the fast development of China's economy and significantly improving of living standards of the people, every profession and trade productive power and people's livelihood electricity consumption all increase rapidly, electrical network peak-valley difference sharply strengthens, in order to ensure safe power supply and the quality of power supply of electrical network, electrical network must have enough peak modulation capacities, and can meet peak again can be with regard to low ebb.In China, because coal fired power generation unit has accounted for more than 73% in whole generating total installed capacity, thereby make large electric power plant unit have to bearing the task of electrical network expansion peak modulation capacity, thereby often in different load stage running.Meanwhile, coal fired thermal power plant is again pollutant emission rich and influential family, and the flue gas desulfurization of thermal power plant, denitration have become an important process of China's " energy-saving and emission-reduction ".For denitration technology, SCR method (selective catalytic reduction) is to apply in the world maximum, technology is the most ripe a kind of gas denitrifying technologies at present.Adopt the denitration of SCR method, when boiler is in underrun time, the reactor inlet temperature of SCR denitrating system may drop to the operating temperature interval lower than catalyst, the now SCR denitrating system operation of just having to exit, the SCR denitrating system of generally just stopping transport below 60% rated load.And unit load is lower, the pollutant NOx value of generation is higher, and now denitrating system is out of service.Will participate in the present situation of peak regulation according to the current large electric power plant unit of China, unit is often many times in underrun state.Thereby under existence conditions, denitrating system utilization rate is not high, therefore unit Environmental Protection Level also gives a discount.
Simultaneously, due to unit variable load operation, when unit is during in underload, extraction pressure reduces, and corresponding feed temperature reduces, and causes the average endothermic temperature of boiler to reduce, thereby reduce the thermodynamic cycle thermal efficiency of unit, unit economy is reduced, and under equal generated energy, the corresponding pollutant discharge amount of inefficient unit will increase relatively.
In addition, because unit needs variable load operation, the main steam control valve of steam turbine is often in throttle, and this has increased the loss in efficiency of unit.Especially to large-scale high parameter direct current cooker, on the one hand because its amount of stored heat is little, Load Regulation response characteristic is poor; On the other hand, because the quick variation of load causes boiler pressure respective change, in water-cooling wall, the vapor (steam) temperature of carbonated drink temperature and follow-up heating surface also changes fast then, thereby the thermograde of the inside and outside wall of these heating surfaces is sharply changed, and produces stress impact.Because high pressure high temperature turbosets heating surface adopts steel alloy mostly, be subject to the restriction of material, the design safety nargin of its material own is little, thereby frequency modulation causes the frequent variations of heating surface temperature to affect the service life of equipment, and boiler operatiopn is existed to potential safety hazard.
Therefore, those skilled in the art is devoted to develop a kind of adjustable feed water heat regenerative, the discharge of pollutant while reducing unit operation, and the economy while improving variable load operation, and improve unit frequency modulation characteristic to meet the requirement of electrical network frequency modulation.
Summary of the invention
Because the above-mentioned defect of prior art, to be solved by this invention is the unit problem that denitrating system need to be stopped transport in the time of low load condition, improves the underload economy of unit simultaneously, improves the frequency modulation characteristic of unit.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of adjustable feed water heat regenerative, at least comprise: the high pressure cylinder of steam turbine, extraction line, taking the control valve drawing gas on final stage feed-water heater and the described extraction line of thermal source of described high pressure cylinder, also comprise: the final stage extraction opening of setting up on described high pressure cylinder, the extraction pressure of described final stage extraction opening is higher than the highest extraction pressure of conventional described high pressure cylinder; The final stage extraction line of setting up, described final stage extraction line is connected with described final stage extraction opening; The final stage feed-water heater of setting up, a part of steam that did merit causes described final stage feed-water heater by described final stage extraction line, in order to the feedwater of further heating boiler; And extraction control valve, described extraction control valve is arranged on the described final stage extraction line of setting up, for drawing gas of described final stage extraction line regulated, can keep the pressure after described extraction control valve substantially constant in the time of varying duty, and maintain the temperature of described feedwater of described boiler by described final stage feed-water heater substantially constant.
Preferably, the aperture size of described extraction control valve also can be followed load control order and be changed, so that described heat regenerative system participates in frequency modulation.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, described final stage feed-water heater does not regulate the conventional feed-water heater that extraction pressure is corresponding to be connected in series with the highest.
Adjustable feed water heat regenerative of the present invention is a kind of effective measures that can maintain or change feed temperature under unit varying duty state, thereby improve the unit feature of environmental protection, economy and security and improve frequency modulation characteristic, become a kind of elasticity heat regenerative system, have the following advantages and technique effect:
(1) due under different load, average feed temperature can remain basically identical, thereby under underload, feed temperature significantly improves relatively, after economizer, flue-gas temperature also raises relatively, even if it is still higher to enter like this entrance flue gas temperature of denitrating system reactor under underload, can make the operating temperature of catalyst still in normal interval, this can make denitrating system (SCR) no longer need out of service, greatly improve the utilization rate of denitrating system, significantly promoted the Environmental Protection Level of unit.
(2), in the time of underrun, the use of elasticity heat regenerative system, has increased regenerative steam amount, has reduced cold source energy; Feed temperature improves relatively, has improved the average endothermic temperature of boiler; Thereby unit thermal efficiency of cycle is improved.In addition, the increase of regenerative steam, the corresponding main steam flow having increased under equal load, for the unit of sliding pressure operation, main steam pressure also can improve relatively, therefore average also corresponding raising of endothermic temperature, unit efficiency is also improved.Obviously load is lower, and the benefit that this invention technology obtains is relatively larger.Along with improving constantly of unit parameter, the also corresponding raising of the effective enthalpy drop of unit of drawing gas, increases the marginal benefit that the present invention produces.
(3) there is certain interval in the rotating part of rotary regenerative air preheater and standing part, after being heated, rotor can produce mushroom-shaped distortion, gap is increased, and particularly, for adopting cold junction to seal the not boiler of regulative mode, the air leak rate of air curtain of underload can increase along with the increase in cold junction gap.Adopting after elasticity heat regenerative system of the present invention, feed temperature in the time of underrun improves relatively, after economizer, flue-gas temperature also raises relatively, and, in the time of different underrun, the flue-gas temperature that enters air preheater changes little relatively, thereby the variation of the deflection of air preheater is little, its gap of leaking out changes little relatively, and air leak rate of air curtain is relatively low, thereby has relatively promoted air preheater heat exchange efficiency, thereby improve boiler efficiency, relatively reduced power of fan consumption simultaneously.
(4) because the feed temperature when the underrun improves relatively, after economizer, flue-gas temperature also raises relatively, and the flue-gas temperature that enters air preheater is raise relatively, thereby makes relative raising of hot blast temperature of wind and Secondary Air.This one side has improved the drying capacity of pulverized coal preparation system, has improved again on the other hand the low-load combustion-stabilizing performance of boiler, has improved boiler operatiopn security.
(5) for direct current cooker, water-cooling wall exists the instability problem of hydrodynamic characterisitic, and especially, in the time of underrun, hydrodynamic characterisitic is more unstable.Adopt after elasticity heat regenerative system of the present invention, feed temperature improves relatively, has reduced water-cooling wall entrance and has owed enthalpy, is conducive to hydrodynamic stablizing, thus the underrun security that has improved boiler.
(6) adopt after elasticity heat regenerative system of the present invention, in frequency-modulating process, can by adjusting draw gas temporal variations amount regulate steam turbine transient state work done change, thereby the power output of corresponding change generator.Then after boiler heat load adjusting puts in place, the amount of drawing gas recovers normal.Because feed temperature finally remains unchanged, based on the huge heat storage capacity of boiler economizer, thereby economizer exit temperature can be substantially constant, and the ordinary steels that adopt such as feed piping and economizer, its thermal stress that can bear is much larger than steel alloy. moreThereby can improve the frequency modulation economy of steam turbine, the variable load operation security of boiler and the service life of equipment.
In addition, elasticity heat regenerative system of the present invention also has other advantages such as the reheater of minimizing pressure drop.
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the technique effect of design of the present invention, concrete structure and generation is described further, to understand fully object of the present invention, feature and effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of embodiments of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a specific embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed description of the invention
Elasticity heat regenerative system of the present invention is on existing heat regenerative system basis, sets up extraction opening and the corresponding extraction line that an extraction pressure is higher and set up a high-pressure feed-water heater composition on high pressure cylinder.This system causes this feed-water heater by a part of steam that did merit by the extraction line of setting up, in order to the feedwater of heating boiler, and its hydrophobic prime feed-water heater that flows to, and an extraction regulation valve is installed on the extraction line of setting up, regulate drawing gas, within the scope of common load variations, can keep the pressure after extraction control valve substantially constant, substantially constant to maintain feed temperature.The present invention is numbered to the order to feed-water heater by feedwater flow, therefore this high-pressure feed-water heater is called again final stage feed-water heater, correspondingly, is called final stage extraction opening and final stage extraction line corresponding to extraction opening and the extraction line of final stage feed-water heater.
Existing heat regenerative system is as shown in dotted line frame in Fig. 1.Prime feed-water heater 5 refers to existing feed-water heater in existing heat regenerative system 10, and it may be one or more feed-water heaters, and the feedwater B of boiler is heated.Prime feed-water heater 5 is connected by extraction line 3 with high pressure cylinder 1, if when prime feed-water heater 5 is multiple feed-water heater, extraction line 3 is correspondingly also many pipelines that are connected with high pressure cylinder 1.
In the present invention, adopted two different terms of control valve and block valve to describe the fluid control device of each pipeline, wherein control valve represents that its aperture can regulate, and block valve only has standard-sized sheet and complete shut-down two states under normal circumstances.
The position of final stage extraction opening 20 is compared with the existing extraction opening of high pressure cylinder 2 positions, and more close main steam inlet A, to obtain higher extraction pressure.
As shown in Figure 1, the elasticity heat regenerative system installing additional, is made up of control valve 31 and final stage feed-water heater 50 on a final stage extraction opening 20 of setting up on high pressure cylinder 1, final stage extraction line 30, extraction line the technical scheme that the present invention takes.
When any steady load within the scope of the load variations of setting, by the regulating action of control valve 31, can maintain extraction pressure after control valve 31 substantially constant, thereby ensure that the outlet feed temperature of final stage feed-water heater 50 is substantially constant.In the time participating in frequency modulation, control by control valve 31 the temporal variations amount of drawing gas that enters final stage feed-water heater 50, regulate the transient state work done of steam turbine to change: in the time that burden requirement reduces, to drive large control valve 31 until standard-sized sheet increases the amount of drawing gas; Otherwise, in the time requiring load up, turn down control valve 31, the amount of drawing gas is reduced, squeeze high pressure cylinder 1 doing work that draws gas back.Add at frequency modulation, in load shedding, due to symmetry, the change of the turbine efficiency that the change of the amount of drawing gas causes can be cancelled out each other, its mean value is constant, therefore frequency modulation itself does not affect the economy of unit.
Due in the time that different load moves, feed temperature improves relatively, unit economy is corresponding raising also, load lower, feed temperature improves larger relatively, thereby the benefit relatively obtaining is also just higher, calculates as example taking the 500MW operating mode of certain 1000MW ultra supercritical unit, under original system 500MW operating mode, relevant design data are as shown in table 1:
Table 1 original system relevant design data
| Operating mode (MW) | 500 |
| Feed pressure (bar) | 156.44 |
| Feed temperature (DEG C) | 249.2 |
| Main steam flow (kg/s) | 358.819 |
| Main steam pressure (bar) | 126.54 |
| Main steam temperature (DEG C) | 600 |
| Exhaust temperature of HP (DEG C) | 376.7 |
| Reheated steam flow (kg/s) | 313.52 |
| Cold steam pressure again (bar) | 29.98 |
| Cold vapor (steam) temperature again (DEG C) | 376.7 |
| Heat is steam pressure (bar) again | 26.91 |
| Heat again vapor (steam) temperature (DEG C) | 600 |
| Hear rate (KJ/KWH) | 7658 |
Install additional after elasticity heat regenerative system, 500MW operating mode relevant design data are as shown in table 2:
Table 2 system relevant design of the present invention data
| Operating mode (MW) | 500 |
| Feed pressure (bar) | 163.64 |
| Feed temperature (DEG C) | 289.8 |
| Main steam flow (kg/s) | 386.493 |
| Main steam pressure (bar) | 131.44 |
| Main steam temperature (DEG C) | 600 |
| Exhaust temperature of HP (DEG C) | 369.3 |
| Reheated steam flow (kg/s) | 308.701 |
| Cold steam pressure again (bar) | 29.45 |
| Cold vapor (steam) temperature again (DEG C) | 369.3 |
| Heat is steam pressure (bar) again | 26.45 |
| Heat again vapor (steam) temperature (DEG C) | 600 |
| Final stage feedwater heating extraction flow (kg/s) | 33.93 |
| Final stage feedwater heating extraction pressure (bar) | 72.33 |
| Final stage feedwater heating extraction temperature (DEG C) | 516.4 |
| Hear rate (KJ/KWH) | 7611 |
Contrasted by table 1 and table 2, can find out that, installing additional after elasticity heat regenerative system, under 500MW operating mode, main steam flow and main steam pressure be corresponding lifting all, exhaust temperature of HP and reheated steam flow all corresponding decline, especially feed temperature have raise 40.6 DEG C relatively.Total comprehensive benefit is steam turbine hear rate decline 47KJ/KWH.
The connected mode of elasticity heat regenerative system can be flexible and changeable, and specific embodiment is below illustrating of the connected mode to elasticity heat regenerative system just, should not regard limitation of the present invention as.
As shown in Figure 2, the elasticity heat regenerative system installing additional, is connected with prime feed-water heater 5 by final stage feed-water heater 50, and the feedwater flow of design by final stage feed-water heater 50 is flow at full capacity.High increasing bypass 40 forms bypass channel, as safety measure, in parallel with final stage feed-water heater 50 and at least one prime feed-water heater 5 of being cascaded.High increasing in bypass 40 is provided with by-pass valve control (not shown).In the time of any steady load, control by control and regulation valve 31 amount of drawing gas that enters final stage feed-water heater, add at frequency modulation, in load shedding, due to symmetry, the change of the unit efficiency that the change of the amount of drawing gas that change affects of feedwater flow causes can be cancelled out each other, and its mean value is constant.
The method of operation:
(1) when the operation of unit frequency modulation is normally moved and participated in to elasticity heat regenerative system, the in advance reserved certain throttle of control valve 31, the large I of aperture of control valve 31 is followed load variations and changes.In the time that burden requirement reduces, drive large control valve 31 until standard-sized sheet increases the amount of drawing gas, thereby reduce transient state capacity for work; Otherwise, in the time requiring load up, turn down control valve 31, the amount of drawing gas is reduced, squeeze high pressure cylinder 1 doing work that draws gas back.
(2) elasticity heat regenerative system is isolated: consider from unit safety perspective, need to stop transport once elasticity heat regenerative system goes wrong, feedwater moves through too high increasing bypass 40.
More than describe preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail.The ordinary skill that should be appreciated that this area just can design according to the present invention be made many modifications and variations without creative work.Therefore, all technical staff in the art, all should be in by the determined protection domain of claims under this invention's idea on the basis of existing technology by the available technical scheme of logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment.
Claims (3)
1. the adjustable feed water heat regenerative for Turbo-generator Set, at least comprise the control valve that the high pressure cylinder, final stage extraction line of steam turbine, the final stage of setting up taking described high pressure cylinder are drawn gas on final stage feed-water heater and the described final stage extraction line of thermal source, it is characterized in that, also comprise:
The final stage extraction opening of setting up on described high pressure cylinder, the extraction pressure of described final stage extraction opening is far above the extraction pressure of described high pressure cylinder routine;
The final stage extraction line of setting up and final stage feed-water heater, described final stage extraction line is connected with described final stage extraction opening and described final stage feed-water heater; The a part of steam that did merit in described high pressure cylinder causes described final stage feed-water heater by described final stage extraction opening and described final stage extraction line, in order to further heating boiler feedwater; And
Extraction control valve, described extraction control valve is arranged on the described final stage extraction line of setting up, for drawing gas of described final stage extraction line carried out to throttling adjusting, to keep the pressure after described extraction control valve substantially constant, correspondingly make described final stage feed-water heater in the time of steam turbine varying duty, still can maintain the temperature of described boiler feedwater substantially constant.
2. adjustable feed water heat regenerative as claimed in claim 1, the aperture size of wherein said extraction control valve also can be followed load control order and be changed, so that described heat regenerative system participates in the power adjusting of steam turbine, wherein, in the time requiring load down, drive large described extraction control valve until standard-sized sheet increases the amount of drawing gas; Otherwise, in the time requiring load up, turn down described extraction control valve, the amount of drawing gas is reduced, squeeze the described high pressure cylinder that draws gas back.
3. adjustable feed water heat regenerative as claimed in claim 1, the conventional feed-water heater of the maximum temperature grade of wherein said final stage feed-water heater and described steam turbine is connected in series.
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| CN106051737A (en) * | 2016-07-30 | 2016-10-26 | 冯伟忠 | Adjustable regenerative feedwater heating system and control method |
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| CN110778368B (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2022-04-12 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司国华电力分公司 | Frequency modulation method and device for steam turbine generator unit |
| CN112555803B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-11-22 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Thermoelectric unit feedwater bypass and become owner reheat steam temperature wide region adjustment system |
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