CN102523944B - Method for increasing yield quickly by direct thick planting of walnut plants grafted onto Chinese ash stocks on low-lying wet land - Google Patents
Method for increasing yield quickly by direct thick planting of walnut plants grafted onto Chinese ash stocks on low-lying wet land Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for increasing yield quickly by direct thick planting of walnut plants grafted onto Chinese ash stocks on a low-lying wet land, which comprises the following steps: I, planting Chinese ash stocks on the low-lying wet land in a wide-row-spacing and narrow-spacing-in-row manner; II, reshaping the Chinese ash stocks and performing multi-head grafting of walnut plants to obtain walnut trees; III, promoting differentiation of blossom buds by a binding process in the autumn and winter of the next year after the grafting of the walnut plants; IV, protecting fruits by a ringing process after the female flowers of the walnut plants wither, applying foliar fertilizer, and applying potassium sulfate in early June in the same year to strengthen fruit; and V, after the walnut trees fruit for five years, allowing the walnut trees to fruit alternately by applying a bone exposure updating process according to a plan. When the method is used, walnut plants can be grown in mud flat, particularly the low-lying wet land where other crops cannot grow. The method has the advantages of facilitating culture and management of surviving grafted walnut trees, along with high retention speed, early fruiting, high yield and the like. The method can protect soil and can effectively develop and use lots of idle lands or low-laying wet lands that cannot be used for scientific planting in the south of China.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the plant cultivation graft technology.Be specifically related to a kind of swale direct thick planting Chinese ash stock grafting walnut and realize the method for rapid-result high yield.
Background technology
In river, river, the lakeside of south China, extensively planting a kind of shelter forest seeds that are referred to as Chinese ash along water system.Chinese ash, be referred to as again level ground willow (Pterocarya stenoptera DC.), be commonly called as dryland willow, terrible willow, be deciduous tree, happiness grows in He Xi both sides or local than low humidity, well developed root system, growth is fast, strong adaptability, and the life-span is long, being the quick growing species of trees as forest against wave wash, greening woods, retaining woods and firewood forest, also is the important species of Yangtze River protection forest engineering.
Walnut is a kind of fruit of preciousness, is of high nutritive value.By analysis, contain multivitamin, trace element and inorganic salts in the walnut kernel, especially take protein and fat content as other fruit can't be obtained.Because fat content is many, oil yield is high, is again good oil plants.In addition, walnut kernel also has medical care effect, can pleasantly enrich blood, and is relieving cough and reducing sputum, the kidney tonifying of profit liver, and aid digestion, profit skin is a kind of Chinese medicine tonic commonly used, walnut kernel also is popular in the international market simultaneously.
Although Chinese ash grafting walnut is early on the books at China's ancient book, Shandong the orchard worker also use till today always.But this technology is only carried out application and research as the part of walnut seedling growing process.Liu Qingmin researchers in 1999 etc. have invented the Chinese patent of " method of Chinese ash high position grafting walnut ", publication number: 1266611.Although this patent has solved the problem that high position grafting survives, but in the practice process, still exist some technical problems: sporadicly distribute because the Chinese ash tree that grows into forest at present is positioned at river course small stream limes marginis, the tree height is large and the ownership of disperseing to arrange is unclear, be not easy to management behind grafting survival, retention is still lower.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose the method that a kind of swale direct thick planting Chinese ash stock grafting walnut is realized rapid-result high yield, the method preferably resolves at beach particularly can not develop the swale plantation of planting other crops and the technical problem of utilizing walnut.
The main technical schemes that realizes the object of the invention is: swale direct thick planting Chinese ash stock grafting walnut realizes that the method for rapid-result high yield may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, at swale by the mode of planting of the narrow strain of wide row plantation Chinese ash stock, the line-spacing of Chinese ash stock and nest are apart from being respectively 4-6 meters, being 1-3 meters, every nest becomes the vertical fan-shaped 2 strain Chinese ash stocks of tiltedly planting, the Chinese ash stock becomes 30-60 to spend to tilting with ground in the ranks;
Step 2, the Chinese ash stock is become walnut through again walnut being carried out the bull grafting after the shaping, adopt the method for annual 2-3 pinching to impel the compact branch of walnut with Second Year then after the grafting, when the young sprout of each walnut branch reached 25-30 centimetres, pinching made its 1 principal deformation 2-3 branch and the upright prosperous long spray of in time erasing;
Second Year autumn and winter behind step 3, the walnut grafting, every strain walnut reaches 4-6 level branch, peripheral branch amount 20-30 root, when every nest has 50-60 branches, with the strand short flower bud differentiation of method of hanging, make by the strand branch top cell sap Enrichment of hanging, thereby promote flower bud differentiation;
Step 4, after the female blossom fall of walnut is spent employing girdling method fruit retention, the strong fruit of potassium sulphate is used in and the foliage spray of spraying fruit retention RE microbial fertilizer and boron, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea in ground at the beginning of 6 months then;
Step 5, after the walnut result is 5 years, as branches and leaves occur and intersect closing when affecting photosynthesis and substance accumulation, in a planned way adopt the undisguised method of upgrading to rotate the walnut result, guarantee annual 60% the walnut excess result that has, other walnut does not then allow its result; When the second time, for the third time closing occurring, as the serious situation of closing, again intermediate cutting walnut appear.
Further technical scheme is:
In the described step 1, can be in nest hardboard of place mat, with the downward prosperous length of the restriction vertical main root of Chinese ash stock;
In the described step 2, for guaranteeing the vertical prosperous length of control walnut, can be aided with the spray of orthotropic walnut to hang branch, drawing a method that it is tiltedly given birth to or horizontal growth; Every pinching once can impose a small amount of instant nitrogenousfertilizer to promote the high-quality shoot growth under the tree crown of walnut in addition;
In the described step 3, also can adopt simultaneously the method for being completely cured to dig level horse race root under the tree crown drip of disconnected walnut, improve tree cells in vivo liquid concentration and reach short flower, also can enrich routinely the fertile and phosphorus potash fertilizer of high-quality animals and plants after being completely cured.
Technique effect of the present invention is:
Can plant walnut at the swale that beach particularly can not be developed other crops of plantation, have and be convenient to management after walnut grafting survives, retention is high, the result early, the output advantages of higher.Reach then Second Year after the grafting and can form fan-shaped effective as a result tree crown, the 3rd year examination fruit, individual plant can reach number of results more than 200 in the 5th year.
The direct bull grafting of the stock of this dwarfing dense planting of the present invention can be when carrying out protection to the soil; again can Efficient Development utilize at present a large amount of idle or swales of scientic planting not of south China, its development cost is low, instant effect; high efficiency, the acceptant and grasp of peasant.
Embodiment
The inventive method is carried out according to the following steps:
Step 1, at swale by the mode of planting of the narrow strain of wide row plantation Chinese ash stock, the line-spacing of Chinese ash stock and nest are apart from being respectively 4 meters, 1 meter, or 6 meters, 3 meters, preferably 5 meters, 2 meters, every nest becomes the vertical fan-shaped 2 strain Chinese ash stocks of tiltedly planting, the Chinese ash stock becomes 30 degree or 60 degree to tilting with ground in the ranks, and preferably 45 spend; Hardboard of place mat in nest is with the downward prosperous length of the restriction vertical main root of Chinese ash stock;
Step 2, the Chinese ash stock is become walnut through carrying out the bull walnut grafting after the shaping, adopt the method for annual 2-3 pinching to impel the compact branch of walnut with Second Year then after the grafting, the young sprout of each walnut reaches 25-30 centimetres, preferably 25 centimetres the time, pinching makes its 1 principal deformation 2-3 branch and the prosperous branch of the vertical growth of in time erasing, and can form rapidly the fan-shaped high yield tree crown of downgrading compact plentiful the first transaction of a day's business in two years; Be to guarantee the vertical prosperous length of control walnut, the spray of orthotropic walnut is aided with hangs branch, draw a method that it is tiltedly given birth to or horizontal growth; Every pinching once imposes a small amount of instant nitrogenousfertilizer to promote the high-quality shoot growth under the tree crown of walnut in addition;
Second Year autumn and winter behind step 3, the walnut grafting, every strain walnut reaches 4-6 level branch, peripheral branch amount 20-30 root, every nest has 50-60 branches, preferably 50 the time, with the strand short flower bud differentiation of method of hanging, make by the strand part cell sap Enrichment on the branch of hanging, thereby promote flower bud differentiation; Adopt simultaneously the method for being completely cured to dig level horse race root under the tree crown drip of disconnected walnut, improve tree cells in vivo liquid concentration and reach short flower, enrich routinely the fertile and phosphorus potash fertilizer of high-quality animals and plants after being completely cured;
Step 4, after the female blossom fall of walnut is spent employing girdling method fruit retention, the strong fruit of potassium sulphate is used in and the foliage spray of spraying fruit retention RE microbial fertilizer and boron, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea in ground at the beginning of 6 months then;
Step 5, after the walnut result is 5 years, as branches and leaves occur and intersect closing when affecting photosynthesis and substance accumulation, adopt in a planned way the undisguised method of upgrading to rotate the walnut result, guarantee annual 60% the walnut excess result that has, other walnut does not then allow its result; When the second time, for the third time closing occurring, as the serious situation of closing, again intermediate cutting walnut appear.Intermediate cutting can be broken apart by chopping by intermediate cutting strain base portion together every strain or interlacing.
Undisguisedly be updated to conventional method, about 1 meter of the heavy pruning that namely before germinateing spring, the strain in the two strains of every nest bounced back, make its then not the result grown new compact tree crown, in inferior annual bearing, and another strain of not cutting large result then, in next year heavy pruning, Chang Shu.
The inventive method adopts the Chinese ash stock directly to encrypt field planting and carries out the narrow strain of wide row and be convenient to the later stage management, educate anvil and grafting aspect adopt set up supporting Chinese ash stock sowing garden and with newly-built Hetaoyuan next-door neighbour adopt the fringe maternal plant garden can be with adopting with grafting when the grafting in order to guarantee, be not subjected to the restriction of the factors such as season, guarantee that fresh scion namely adopts namely with not dealing with, improve survival rate, prevent that tannin oxidation stain impact from surviving, this is to guarantee one of important key that improves graft survival rate; The management aspect take to urge first rear control, effectively grow effective result, with the technology of Miao Huanguo, later stage rotation result.
The narrow strain mode of planting of wide row that adopts had both guaranteed the every mu of stock density that can possess 132 strains, and the garden that can be accelerated into is again early tied high yield and prolonged and walnut economic consequence year is limited to many decades.Positive role is more arranged in water and soil conservation.Worth emphasis should be mentioned that grafting walnut on the Chinese ash stock, (Chinese ash is that the Juglandaceae Chinese ash belongs to equally not belonging to together, walnut is the Juglandaceae Juglans) this distant grafting gene mutual supplement with each other's advantages, merge separately advantage in one by grafting, can solve southern climates in the walnut hot and humid adverse effect of setting phase of blooming.But both are former all to be tall and big arbor, wants to reach dwarfing, early tying the high yield purpose must effectively control vertical prosperous length.The oblique cultivation mode that we take itself is exactly one of control method, and swale mostly is fluviogenic soil, the dark fertile water of soil is many, employing place mat lastblock in the field planting nest is difficult to the hardboard that penetrated by main root, continue prosperous length downwards to limit vertical main root, to be the cytokinin major part partly make at the vertical main root tip of a root its principle, controlled greatly vertical-growth quantitative change Qiao of acrial part and turn to dwarfing thereby then weaken the synthetic amount that has suppressed main root root-tip cells kinetin with rebasing method.
Claims (4)
1. a swale direct thick planting Chinese ash stock grafting walnut is realized the method for rapid-result high yield, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, at swale by the mode of planting of the narrow strain of wide row plantation Chinese ash stock, the line-spacing of Chinese ash stock and nest are apart from being respectively 4-6 meters, 1-3 meters, every nest becomes the vertical fan-shaped 2 strain Chinese ash stocks of tiltedly planting, the Chinese ash stock becomes 30-60 to spend to tilting with ground in the ranks;
Step 2, the Chinese ash stock is become walnut through again walnut being carried out the bull grafting after the shaping, adopt the method for annual 2-3 pinching to impel the compact branch of walnut with Second Year then after the grafting, when the young sprout of each walnut branch reached 25-30 centimetres, pinching made its 1 principal deformation 2-3 branch and the upright prosperous long spray of in time erasing;
Second Year autumn and winter behind step 3, the walnut grafting, every strain walnut reaches 4-6 level branch, peripheral branch amount 20-30 root, when every nest has 50-60 branches, with the strand short flower bud differentiation of method of hanging, make by the strand branch top cell sap Enrichment of hanging, thereby promote flower bud differentiation;
Step 4, after the female blossom fall of walnut is spent employing girdling method fruit retention, the strong fruit of potassium sulphate is used in and the foliage spray of spraying fruit retention RE microbial fertilizer and boron, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea in ground at the beginning of 6 months then;
Step 5, after the walnut result is 5 years, as branches and leaves occur and intersect closing when affecting photosynthesis and substance accumulation, in a planned way adopt the undisguised method of upgrading to rotate the walnut result, 1 meter of the heavy pruning that namely before germinateing spring, the strain in the two strains of every nest bounced back, make its then not the result grown new compact tree crown, in inferior annual bearing, and another strain of not cutting large result then, in next year heavy pruning, Chang Shu, guarantee annual 60% the walnut excess result that has, other walnut does not then allow its result; When the second time, for the third time closing occurring, as the serious situation of closing, again intermediate cutting walnut appear.
2. swale direct thick planting Chinese ash stock grafting walnut according to claim 1 is realized the method for rapid-result high yield, it is characterized in that in the described step 1, and hardboard of place mat in nest is with the downward prosperous length of the restriction vertical main root of Chinese ash stock.
3. swale direct thick planting Chinese ash stock grafting walnut according to claim 2 is realized the method for rapid-result high yield, it is characterized in that in the described step 2, be to guarantee the vertical prosperous length of control walnut, the spray of orthotropic walnut is aided with hangs branch, draw a method that it is tiltedly given birth to or horizontal growth; Every pinching once imposes a small amount of instant nitrogenousfertilizer to promote the high-quality shoot growth under the tree crown of walnut in addition.
4. swale direct thick planting Chinese ash stock grafting walnut according to claim 3 is realized the method for rapid-result high yield, it is characterized in that in the described step 3, adopt simultaneously the method for being completely cured to dig level horse race root under the tree crown drip of disconnected walnut, improve tree cells in vivo liquid concentration and reach short flower, enrich routinely the fertile and phosphorus potash fertilizer of high-quality animals and plants after being completely cured.
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104221726B (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2016-03-30 | 兰生葵 | The grafting method of blue or green money willow |
| CN103636402B (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-08-19 | 任立 | Utilize graft technology in the method for wetland falling zone plantation walnut |
| CN103875495A (en) * | 2014-02-08 | 2014-06-25 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业发展有限公司 | Close-planting high-yield cultivation method for early bearing walnuts |
| CN106171548A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-12-07 | 刘劲 | A kind of method improving Pterocarya Stenoptera bud grafting Semen Juglandis survival rate |
| CN106069224B (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2019-08-02 | 湖南省作物研究所 | A method of it will be on walnut grafting to Chinese ash |
| CN106576821A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-04-26 | 罗志明 | Method for planting walnuts |
| CN107771602B (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2020-08-14 | 青岛农业大学 | Three-section type 'winching method' apple dwarfing self-rooted seedling rapid breeding method |
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| CN101243753A (en) * | 2008-01-23 | 2008-08-20 | 胡聪林 | High position grafting method for walnut |
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