CN102488732A - Rapid drying processing method of American ginseng - Google Patents
Rapid drying processing method of American ginseng Download PDFInfo
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- CN102488732A CN102488732A CN2011104336018A CN201110433601A CN102488732A CN 102488732 A CN102488732 A CN 102488732A CN 2011104336018 A CN2011104336018 A CN 2011104336018A CN 201110433601 A CN201110433601 A CN 201110433601A CN 102488732 A CN102488732 A CN 102488732A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid drying processing method of American ginseng and belongs to the technical field of agricultural product processing. The method comprises the following operation steps: storing the American ginseng in a low temperature and high moisture environment; cleaning the American ginseng with root hairs and rhizomes removed; slicing; carrying out gas jet impingement drying with changed temperature and wind speed; and carrying out nitrogen-filled package. The invention employs the gas jet impingement technology to dry the American ginseng sheets, has fast drying and dehydration speed, high production efficiency and short processing time; temperature changing and wind speed changing drying is employed according to drying characteristics of the material and has advantages of low heat-sensitive component loss and low energy consumption; and the product is not treated with dry sulphitation and natural and pollution-free.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of agricultural product process, relate in particular to a kind of drying and processing method of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii.
Background technology
Radix Panacis Quinquefolii is the perennial perennial root herbaceous plant of Araliaceae Panax, and exsiccant is used as medicine, and crude drug is called Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, Radix Panacis Quinquefolii or Radix Panacis Quinquefolii.Radix Panacis Quinquefolii contains bioactive ingredients such as ginsenoside, volatile oil, polysaccharide, and nourishing and body-strengthening is arranged, and lung benefiting is cloudy, clear asthenic fire, effects such as nourishing blood to promote the production of body fluid, the Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae of calming the nerves.Radix Panacis Quinquefolii is successfully planted since 1975 in the Heilongjiang Province by China, through the continuous improvement of three more than ten years, has formed from seed treatment, has planted a whole set of complete technical systems such as planting management, plant protection, stock breeding, processing.The production of China's Radix Panacis Quinquefolii has now formed four big ecoclimate cultivation areas, cultivation area, northeast, cultivation area, North China, cultivation area, Central China and cultivation area, health Yunnan.At present, China has become Radix Panacis Quinquefolii second manufacturing country and first country of consumption.Canada, China and the U.S. are three maximum countries of present Radix Panacis Quinquefolii cultivated area.
The Radix Panacis Quinquefolii collecting time is comparatively concentrated, brings sharp scarcely influence to processing.In order to prolong its process time, guarantee its quality simultaneously, the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii after just needing to adopt is preserved.After Radix Panacis Quinquefolii is adopted, moisture high (the wet basis moisture content is up to about 70%), aquatic foods are placed a deposit and are hidden too high easy the going rotten of temperature, and reserve temperature is crossed the low ginseng body that causes easily and is freezed disorganization.And the humidity of storage environment has material impact to its quality, if humidity is low, Radix Panacis Quinquefolii will be taken out ditch and then reduce its processing quality because of ginseng body water evaporates is lost and shrivelled.Therefore the holding conditions of choose reasonable Radix Panacis Quinquefolii guarantees that for prolonging dry process time product quality is significant.
In the processing of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii was concocted, drying was the step of most critical wherein.The dry many of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, Radix Ginseng are main with whole ginseng drying at present, need earlier exsiccant whole ginseng rehydration to be cut into slices then metering and edible very inconvenient when edible.Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, the traditional drying processing of Radix Ginseng mainly are the methods that adopts natural drying and heated kang oven dry, and not only big, the drying time of labor intensity is long, efficient is low, and unstable product quality.The natural drying method is like rainy weather, and mildew and rot spoilage problems is more outstanding.Present most processing factory all is a mode of utilizing the drying room oven dry.The drying room oven dry is installed jet chimney exactly in a room, medical material is installed to carry out drying on the stratified shelf.Drying room is dry because the heat radiation of many employing jet chimneys provides drying source, and the difficult control of temperature and inhomogeneous is near the temperature height at jet chimney place, fast drying; And hot-air is up walked, cold air sinks, and often the ginseng on the shelf of upper strata is done earlier.It is inhomogeneous that its another problem is exactly the interior humidity of drying room, low near the air humidity at moisture exhausting port place, fast drying.In order to guarantee the exsiccant uniformity of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, the basin of diverse location needs constantly adjustment, and labor intensity is big.Radix Panacis Quinquefolii difficult quality homogeneous, and long processing time, generally 2～3 weeks (Zhou Yongan. the research of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii vacuum freeze-drying technique [J]. vacuum science with the technology, 1998,18 (1): 80-82).
Another outstanding problem that in the drying processing of China's Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, Radix Ginseng, exists adopts the sulfur fumigation bleaching exactly.In the process of processing Radix Ginseng (processed with sugar) and Radix Ginseng, pure white attractive in appearance in order to make Radix Ginseng, traditional drying process adopts sulfur to smoke more.Because mostly the smoked used sulfur of medicine is natural prodcuts, contains a certain amount of red arsenic sulfide, burning back red arsenic sulfide and airborne oxygen react, and generate the main component arsenic trioxide of arsenicum.The sulfur dioxide that sulfur fumigation produced combines with water in the material to form sulfurous acid, can cause the hydrolysis of the sour labile element in the medical material to destroy, and has reduced content of effective.The saponins material is the main effective ingredient of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, and it is prone to effect in acid and issues unboiled water and separate destruction, and research shows ginsenoside Rb
1Under sour environment, can be hydrolyzed to panoxadiol and glucose, reduced the ginsenoside physiologically active (Li Xianggao. to the quality evaluation [J] of the different processed goods of Radix Ginseng. Jilin Agriculture University's journal, 1981 (1): 58-64).Sulphuring not only can influence the effective ingredient of Chinese crude drug, and can make product produce abnormal flavour, covers the fragrance of medical material itself, reduces the commodity of medical material.
The existence of the problems referred to above causes that China's Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, Radix Ginseng do that the back product quality is not high and unstable, price is low, a little less than the market competitiveness.Homemade Radix Ginseng price in the international market is well below the home-made Korean Ginseng of Korea Spro; Even media report said that the price of homemade Radix Ginseng is merely 1/15 of Korean Ginseng; And the price of homemade Radix Panacis Quinquefolii be import ginseng about 1/3～1/2 (lost name. Chinese Radix Ginseng is sold " Radix Raphani valency " and is Korea S's Korean Ginseng 1/15 [N] .http: //news.cctv.com/society/20090724/108375.shtml, 2009).Therefore, research Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, the modern dry process technology of Radix Ginseng is imperative.
The gas jet impact dry technology, be with heated air with certain pressure through the ejection of the nozzle of definite shape, the high velocity air that produces by nozzle directly impacts the material surface and carries off a kind of dry technology of moisture.Because the speed of ejection gas is high, flow process is short; Can form extremely thin boundary region on the material surface; Therefore has higher heat transfer coefficient (Moreira R.G..Impingement drying of foods using hot air and superheated steam [J] .Journal of Food Engineering; 2001,49:291-295; Anderson B.A.& Singh R.P.Modeling the thawing of frozen foods using air impingement technology [J] .International Journal of Refrigeration, 2006,29:294-304).Its convection transfer rate is exsiccant (the Seyedein S.H. more than 5 times even 10 times of general hot air convection; Hasan M.; & Mujumdar A.S..Turbulent Flow And Heat Transfer From Confined Multiple Impinging Slot Jet [J] .Numerical Heat Transfer; 1995,27:35-51).Higher convection transfer rate can make material under short time and lower temperature, obtain more heat, thereby has improved rate of drying, has reduced energy consumption for drying.The gas jet impact dry technology than common hot air drying energy-conservation about 20～30% (Gao Zhenjiang. gas jet impact granule materials drying mechanism and Study of parameters [D] doctorate paper, Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2000).
Effective ingredient in the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii belongs to heat-sensitive substance more, and therefore in dry run, rationally controlling its baking temperature and wind speed is the key that guarantees its active substance.Because to contain moisture more, water evaporates is taken away great amount of heat to material in initial stage of drying, so even material uses the temperature of higher baking temperature material itself also can be very not high at initial drying stage; And constantly reduce owing to material water ratio at the later stage of drying, the heat that material absorbs from drying medium is mainly used in the temperature that improves self.Therefore, in the dry run of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, adopt behind the first high temperature behind the low temperature and earlier big wind speed the alternating temperature degree of little wind speed dry with wind speed, for retention rate that improves its thermal sensitivity composition and reduction energy consumption for drying, significant.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of rapid draing processing method of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, solve the dry edible metering inconvenience of existing whole ginseng in the present Radix Panacis Quinquefolii drying, problems such as drying time is long, efficient is low, energy consumption is high, poor quality and instability.
A kind of rapid draing processing method of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, carry out according to following steps:
(1) select the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that do not have to go rotten with mechanical damage, with earth Radix Panacis Quinquefolii reed head will be put in order the ginseng parcel with the lower part embedding or with earth after, be 1～6 ℃ in temperature, relative humidity is 75～100% environment storage down;
(2) Radix Panacis Quinquefolii or the fresh Radix Panacis Quinquefolii with storage removes root hair, reed head, and cleans up and drain the moisture of remained on surface with the clear water silt that it is surperficial;
(3) with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 1.5～3.5mm;
(4) the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii thin slice single flat that cuts is layered on the gas jet impact tray, carries out the gas jet impact drying, wherein; The baking temperature of first dryer section is that 45～60 ℃, dry wind speed are 9～20m/s; When Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content reduces to 50%～65%, advance people's second dryer section, baking temperature is 35～45 ℃, and dry wind speed is 3～9m/s; When Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is reduced to 8～10%, stop drying, obtain the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet;
(5) dried Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet is carried out vacuum pack with nitrogen, and it is not more than at relative humidity lucifuge stores under 20% the environment.
Said step (3) is with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 2～3mm; The described gas jet impact of step (4) is dry; Wherein, the baking temperature of first dryer section is that 45～55 ℃, dry wind speed are 9～15m/s, when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content reduces to 57%～63%, advances people's second dryer section; Baking temperature is 40～45 ℃; Dry wind speed is 3～5m/s, when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is reduced to 8～10%, stops drying, obtains the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet.
Said step (3) is with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 2mm; The described gas jet impact of step (4) is dry; Wherein, The baking temperature of first dryer section is that 55 ℃, dry wind speed are 12m/s, when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content reduces to 62%, advances people's second dryer section, and baking temperature is 45 ℃; Dry wind speed is 4m/s, when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is 8～10%, stops drying.
Said step (3) is with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 3mm; The described gas jet impact of step (4) is dry; Wherein, The baking temperature of first dryer section is that 50 ℃, dry wind speed are 15m/s, when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content reduces to 59%, advances people's second dryer section, and baking temperature is 40 ℃; Dry wind speed is 5m/s, when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is 8～10%, stops drying.
Reserve temperature after the said Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of step (1) is gathered is 3～5 ℃, and relative humidity is 90～100%, and storage time is below 4 months.
The storage of the said Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of step 1 is meant that using earth that Radix Panacis Quinquefolii reed head perhaps use earth to put in order to be placed on temperature after ginseng is wrapped up with the lower part embedding is 3～5 ℃, and relative humidity is 90～100% low temperature and high relative humidity environment storage down, and the time is no more than 4 months.
Described Radix Panacis Quinquefolii is the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of life in 3～6 years.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the dry Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet of gas jet impact technology is adopted in (1), and drying and dehydrating speed is fast, and production efficiency is high, and process time is short, and the time processing cycle was at 3～8 hours; (2) characteristic according to dry materials adopts alternating temperature to become the wind speed drying, has little, the advantage of low energy consumption of thermal sensitivity composition loss; (3) do not use sulphuring to handle, product is natural pollution-free.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is further specified.
The measurement of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content uses infrared ray (halogen) moisture test apparatus to carry out on-line moisture determination in following examples dry run.
Embodiment 1
A kind of rapid draing processing method of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii comprises following operating procedure:
(1): select the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that do not have to go rotten with mechanical damage, with earth Radix Panacis Quinquefolii reed head will be put in order the ginseng parcel with the lower part embedding or with earth after, be 1 ℃ with it in temperature, relative humidity is 75% low temperature and high relative humidity environment storage down;
(2): the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of storage is removed root hair, reed head, and clean up and drain the moisture of remained on surface with the clear water silt that it is surperficial;
(3): with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 1.5mm;
(4): the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet single flat that cuts is layered on the gas jet impact tray, carries out the gas jet impact drying, wherein; The baking temperature of first dryer section is that 45 ℃, dry wind speed are 9m/s; When Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content reduces to 65%, advance people's second dryer section, baking temperature is 35 ℃, and dry wind speed is 3m/s; When Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is reduced to 10%, stop drying, obtain the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet.
(5): dried Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet is carried out vacuum pack with nitrogen, and it is not more than at relative humidity lucifuge stores under 20% the environment.
Embodiment 2
A kind of rapid draing processing method of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii comprises following operating procedure:
(1): select the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that do not have to go rotten with mechanical damage, with earth Radix Panacis Quinquefolii reed head will be put in order the ginseng parcel with the lower part embedding or with earth after, be 6 ℃ with it in temperature, relative humidity is 100% low temperature and high relative humidity environment storage down;
(2): the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of storage is removed root hair, reed head, and clean up and drain the moisture of remained on surface with the clear water silt that it is surperficial;
(3): with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 3.5mm;
(4): the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet single flat that cuts is layered on the gas jet impact tray, carries out the gas jet impact drying, wherein; The baking temperature of first dryer section is that 60 ℃, dry wind speed are 20m/s; When Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content reduces to 50%, advance people's second dryer section, baking temperature is 45 ℃, and dry wind speed is 9m/s; When Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is reduced to 8～10%, stop drying, obtain the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet.
(5): dried Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet is carried out vacuum pack with nitrogen, and it is not more than at relative humidity lucifuge stores under 20% the environment.
Embodiment 3
A kind of rapid draing processing method of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii comprises following operating procedure:
(1): selecting does not have the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that goes rotten with mechanical damage; Using earth that Radix Panacis Quinquefolii reed head perhaps use earth to put in order to be placed on temperature after ginseng is wrapped up with the lower part embedding is 3～5 ℃; Relative humidity is 90～100% low temperature and high relative humidity environment storage down, and the time is no more than 4 months.
(2): the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii or the fresh Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of storage are removed root hair, reed head, and clean up and drain the moisture of remained on surface with the clear water silt that it is surperficial;
(3): with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 2mm;
(4): the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet single flat that cuts is layered on the gas jet impact tray, carries out the gas jet impact drying, wherein; The baking temperature of first dryer section is that 55 ℃, dry wind speed are 12m/s; When Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content reduces to 62%, advance people's second dryer section, baking temperature is 45 ℃, and dry wind speed is 3m/s; When Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is reduced to 8～10%, stop drying, obtain the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet.
(5): dried Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet is carried out vacuum pack with nitrogen, and it is not more than at relative humidity lucifuge stores under 20% the environment.
Embodiment 4
(1): fresh Radix Panacis Quinquefolii is removed root hair, reed head, and clean up and drain the moisture of remained on surface with the clear water silt that it is surperficial;
(2): with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 3mm;
(3): the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet single flat that cuts is layered on the gas jet impact tray, carries out the gas jet impact drying, wherein; The baking temperature of phase I is that 50 ℃, dry wind speed are 15m/s; When Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content reduces to 59%, advance people's second dryer section, baking temperature is 40 ℃, and dry wind speed is 5m/s; When Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is reduced to 8～10%, stop drying, obtain the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet.
(4): dried Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet is carried out vacuum pack with nitrogen, and be housed in relative humidity and be not more than under 20% the environment.
Claims (7)
1. the rapid draing processing method of a Radix Panacis Quinquefolii is characterized in that, carries out according to following steps:
(1) select the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that do not have to go rotten with mechanical damage, with earth Radix Panacis Quinquefolii reed head will be put in order the ginseng parcel with the lower part embedding or with earth after, be 1～6 ℃ in temperature, relative humidity is 75～100% environment storage down;
(2) Radix Panacis Quinquefolii or the fresh Radix Panacis Quinquefolii with storage removes root hair, reed head, and cleans up and drain the moisture of remained on surface with the clear water silt that it is surperficial;
(3) with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 1.5～3.5mm;
(4) the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii thin slice single flat that cuts is layered on the gas jet impact tray, carries out the gas jet impact drying, wherein; The baking temperature of first dryer section is that 45～60 ℃, dry wind speed are 9～20m/s; When Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content reduces to 50%～65%, advance people's second dryer section, baking temperature is 35～45 ℃, and dry wind speed is 3～9m/s; When Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is reduced to 8～10%, stop drying, obtain the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet;
(5) dried Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet is carried out vacuum pack with nitrogen, and it is not more than at relative humidity lucifuge stores under 20% the environment.
2. the rapid draing processing method of a kind of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said step (3) is with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 2～3mm; The described gas jet impact of step (4) is dry; Wherein, the baking temperature of first dryer section is that 45～55 ℃, dry wind speed are 9～15m/s, when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content reduces to 57%～63%, advances people's second dryer section; Baking temperature is 40～45 ℃; Dry wind speed is 3～5m/s, when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is reduced to 8～10%, stops drying, obtains the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet.
3. according to the rapid draing processing method of the said a kind of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of claim 1, it is characterized in that said step (3) is with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 2mm; The described gas jet impact of step (4) is dry; Wherein, The baking temperature of first dryer section is that 55 ℃, dry wind speed are 12m/s, when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content reduces to 62%, advances people's second dryer section, and baking temperature is 45 ℃; Dry wind speed is 4m/s, when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is 8～10%, stops drying.
4. according to the rapid draing processing method of the said a kind of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of claim 1, it is characterized in that said step (3) is with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 3mm; The described gas jet impact of step (4) is dry; Wherein, The baking temperature of first dryer section is that 50 ℃, dry wind speed are 15m/s, when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content reduces to 59%, advances people's second dryer section, and baking temperature is 40 ℃; Dry wind speed is 5m/s, when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is 8～10%, stops drying.
5. according to the rapid draing processing method of the said a kind of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of claim 1, it is characterized in that the reserve temperature after the said Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of step (1) is gathered is 3～5 ℃, relative humidity is 90～100%, and storage time is below 4 months.
6. according to the rapid draing processing method of claim 1 and 5 described a kind of Radix Panacis Quinquefoliis; It is characterized in that; The storage of the said Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of step 1 is meant that using earth that Radix Panacis Quinquefolii reed head perhaps use earth to put in order to be placed on temperature after ginseng is wrapped up with the lower part embedding is 3～5 ℃; Relative humidity is 90～100% low temperature and high relative humidity environment storage down, and the time is no more than 4 months.
7. according to the rapid draing processing method of the said a kind of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of claim 1, it is characterized in that described Radix Panacis Quinquefolii is the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of life in 3～6 years.
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| CN103349062A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-10-16 | 陕西师范大学 | Method for drying konjak through gas jet |
| CN103727777A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-04-16 | 天津大学 | Drying process for green bean seeds |
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