CN103704104B - A kind of leek culture technique - Google Patents
A kind of leek culture technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN103704104B CN103704104B CN201310709628.4A CN201310709628A CN103704104B CN 103704104 B CN103704104 B CN 103704104B CN 201310709628 A CN201310709628 A CN 201310709628A CN 103704104 B CN103704104 B CN 103704104B
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- 240000006108 Allium ampeloprasum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 235000005254 Allium ampeloprasum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000018645 Allium odorum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000422 nocturnal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012224 working solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000000383 Allium odorum Species 0.000 claims 2
- 240000008654 Allium ramosum Species 0.000 abstract description 9
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 8
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 8
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 8
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000234282 Allium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000234280 Liliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021393 food security Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009406 nutrient management Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008855 peristalsis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to growing vegetables technical field, more specifically a kind of leek culture technique, comprise the following steps: nursery and field planting, described nursery comprises the steps: that seedbed prepares, Fruit variety, adopt the method for drilling, keep matrix moistening before emerging, after emerging, described field planting comprises the steps: that field planting groove prepares, seedling pre-treatment, adopt Soilless Culture Methods, stop the generation of leek root disease and pest, ensure that the insect density of fragrant-flowered garlic maggot is 0 whole breeding time completely, small part rhizome portion is placed in the small-sized planting cup by built-in little haydite, be convenient to the uprightly ventilated and upper grown supporting plant, and pluck conveniently, break conventional monolayers cropping pattern, improve space availability ratio, nutrient solution between levels circulates, and considerably increases the dissolved oxygen amount in nutrient solution, and improves the homogeneity of nutrient solution, for leek root system provides a best root environment, is more beneficial to the absorption of root for element in nutrient solution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to growing vegetables technical field, more specifically a kind of leek culture technique.
Background technology
Leek belongs to Liliaceae allium perennial root plant, originates in China.It is nutritious, and blade, flower tongue and fragrant-flowered garlic spend equal edible, containing abundant vitamin, mineral matter, carbohydrate and protein.Meanwhile, the leek volatile oil contained, main component is that sulfur-containing compound has special pungent fragrance, can improve a poor appetite, enhance metabolism and enterogastric peristalsis, have certain health-care effect and medical value.Often be subject to causing harm of damage by disease and insect in leek production process, especially the primary pest of fragrant-flowered garlic maggot harm leek, become the principal element of restriction leek development., there is very large problem defect in following several method.
The multiple prophylactico-therapeutic measures such as root, sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult, castor oil acid nicotine, crop rotation filled with by the main agricultural chemicals that adopts at present, and often residue of pesticide are comparatively large, need repeatedly frequent dispenser, there is very large food security hidden danger; Also be subject to the impact of environment and facilities and equipment condition, prophylactico-therapeutic measures is delayed, and it is very passive to produce; And time-consuming overall effect is not good, can not from the basic harm solving the root disease and pest of leek, and also current planting type leek edible part is less, and average edible height is 20-25cm.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention is for above deficiency, provides a kind of leek culture technique can avoiding leek root disease and pest completely.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of leek culture technique, comprises the following steps: nursery and field planting,
Described nursery comprises the steps:
(1) seedbed prepares: select the place that a slice is more smooth, lay the thick matrix of 10cm, irrigate, and ensures that substrate temperature is at 10 DEG C-15 DEG C;
(2) Fruit variety: select the good leek kind of stooling;
(3) method of drilling is adopted: be sprinkled into by seed in the little seed furrow of the left and right of dark 1-2cm, and then cover by matrix;
(4) keep matrix moistening before emerging: water content of substrate controls at 75%-85%; Day temperature 20-25 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 10-15 DEG C;
(5) after emerging: day temperature 20-25 DEG C, night 10-13 DEG C; Matrix see dry see wet, air humidity 40%-60%; Seedling age 45-60 days;
Described field planting comprises the steps:
(1) field planting groove prepares: placed by field planting groove on cultivating stand, carry the previous day and will put into the buffer solution that EC is 1.5, field planting groove depth 20cm in field planting groove, the buffer solution degree of depth is 15cm;
(2) seedling pre-treatment: first the leek seedling taken out from matrix is wiped out part root system to 1cm; Then be put in clear water and clean, remove remaining matrix; Cut top greenery, upwards remain the height of 2cm apart from root;
(3) on field planting plate, field planting hole plant spacing is 10 × 10cm, every hole field planting planting cup, and every 10 strain leek pugil field planting, in planting cup, are then put into little haydite and passed into nutrient solution and cultivate.
Above-mentioned matrix is vermiculite.
In above-mentioned Fruit variety, the kind of leek is snow fragrant-flowered garlic 791 and/or Hanzhong winter fragrant-flowered garlic.
Above-mentioned cultivating stand is double-deck cultivating stand, the long 20-35 rice of cultivating stand, and often the spacing of row cultivating stand is 0.8-1 rice, and cultivating stand is divided into two-layer up and down, width 1 meter, and two interlamellar spacings are 90cm, and lower floor is apart from ground 10cm, and this mode is multi-layer solid cultivation mode.
Above-mentioned nutrient solution comprises following index:
The nutrient solution source of manure requires: leek water planting special fertilizer;
Water supply standard: EC is less than 0.02mS/cm, PH is 6.5-7.5, and content of mineral substances meets the pure water of agricultural water requirement;
Compounding: directly configuration effort liquid, by leek water planting special fertilizer preliminarily solubilised, carrying out secondary dilution, is directly made into working solution, for leek soilless culture;
Nutrient solution EC value: between the EC value 1.5-3.5 of leek whole breeding time, the difference of main leek and the difference of breeding time and determine, entirety follows the low EC of high temperature, the principle of low temperature height EC;
Liquid PH value: PH maintains between 5.2-6.8, the too high phosphoric acid of PH or nitric acid debugging, otherwise debugs with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide;
The use of nutrient solution: nutrient solution recycles, water on cultivating stand upper strata, through lower floor's backwater, to remain in nutrition liquid pool between nutrient solution EC1.5-3.5; Sterilize 2 hours after every 24 h cycle of nutrient solution.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, adopt Soilless Culture Methods, fundamentally avoid leek root disease and pest viability environment, stopped the generation of leek root disease and pest, solved food-safety problem, ensure that the insect density of fragrant-flowered garlic maggot is 0. whole breeding time completely
2, most of root growth is in nutrient solution liquid layer, by nutrient solution for it provides moisture, nutrient, oxygen; Small part rhizome portion is placed in the small-sized planting cup by built-in little haydite, is convenient to the uprightly ventilated and upper grown supporting plant, and plucks conveniently, decreases to pluck to consume.
3, broken conventional monolayers cropping pattern, made full use of plantation space, improve space availability ratio;
4, the nutrient solution between levels circulates in process, not only considerably increase the dissolved oxygen amount in nutrient solution, and improve the homogeneity of nutrient solution, for leek root system provides a best root environment, be more beneficial to the absorption of root for element various in nutrient solution.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described, so that those skilled in the art better can understand the present invention, but therefore do not limit the present invention.
1, nursery.Adopt vermiculite seedbed seedling raising manners.
1. seedbed prepares.Select the place that a slice is more smooth, lay the thick matrix of 10cm (vermiculite), irrigate, ensure that substrate temperature is at 12 DEG C;
2. Fruit variety.Water planting leek stooling is poor, selects weak winter variety to avenge fragrant-flowered garlic 791 and Hanzhong winter fragrant-flowered garlic 2 kinds;
3. adopt the method for drilling, seed is sprinkled in the little seed furrow of the left and right of dark 1-2cm, and then covers with vermiculite;
4. keep vermiculite moistening before emerging, water content of substrate controls 80%; Day temperature 23 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 13 DEG C;
5. after emerging, day temperature 23 DEG C, night 11 DEG C; Matrix see dry see wet, air humidity 50%; Seedling age 50 days.
2, field planting
1. field planting groove prepares: placed by field planting groove on cultivating stand, cultivating stand is double-deck cultivating stand, width 1m, upper and lower two interlamellar spacings are 90cm, lower floor distance ground 10cm, the long 20-35 rice of cultivating stand, often the spacing of row cultivating stand is 1 meter, carry the previous day and will put into the buffer solution that EC is 1.5, field planting groove depth 20cm in field planting groove, the buffer solution degree of depth is 15cm;
2. seedling pre-treatment: first the leek seedling taken out from vermiculite is wiped out part root system to 1cm; Subsequently, be put in clear water and clean, remove remaining vermiculite; Then, cut top greenery, upwards remain the height of 2cm apart from root;
3. on field planting plate, field planting hole plant spacing is 10 × 10cm, every hole field planting planting cup, and every 10 strain leek pugil field planting, in planting cup, then put into little haydite;
3, nutrient management
1. the nutrient solution source of manure requires: leek water planting special fertilizer, and interior, fertile two pouches of B fertile by A form, and buy from the north, The Big Red Gate, Beijing Chemical Co., Ltd.;
2. water supply standard.Cleaned pure water, EC is less than 0.02mS/cm, and PH is 7, and content of mineral substances meets agricultural water requirement.
3. compounding.Direct configuration effort liquid, by leek water planting special fertilizer preliminarily solubilised, carrying out secondary dilution, is directly made into working solution, for leek soilless culture.
4. EC value is determined according to the difference of leek and the difference of breeding time.Between the EC value 1.5-3.5 of leek whole breeding time, entirety follows the low EC of high temperature, the principle of low temperature height EC.
5. pH value.PH maintains between 5.2-6.8, if the too high phosphoric acid of PH or nitric acid debugging, otherwise debugs with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
4, detect in real time
Regular random sampling, Real-Time Monitoring, Monday inspection.Result shows, and whole breeding time, the insect density of fragrant-flowered garlic maggot was 0, and fundamentally avoid leek root disease and pest viability environment, stopped the generation of leek root disease and pest, solved food-safety problem, the average edible height of leek of the present invention is 35-40cm.
Claims (1)
1. a leek culture technique, comprises the following steps: nursery and field planting,
Described nursery comprises the steps:
(1) seedbed prepares: select the place that a slice is more smooth, lay the thick matrix of 10cm, irrigate, and ensures that substrate temperature is at 12 DEG C;
(2) Fruit variety: select the good leek kind of stooling;
(3) method of drilling is adopted: be sprinkled in the little seed furrow of dark 1-2cm by seed, and then cover by matrix;
(4) keep matrix moistening before emerging: water content of substrate controls at 75%-85%; Day temperature 20-25 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 10-15 DEG C;
(5) after emerging: day temperature 20-25 DEG C, night 10-13 DEG C; Matrix see dry see wet, air humidity 40%-60%; Seedling age 45-60 days;
Described field planting comprises the steps:
(1) field planting groove prepares: placed by field planting groove on cultivating stand, carry the previous day and will put into the buffer solution that EC is 1.5, field planting groove depth 20cm in field planting groove, the buffer solution degree of depth is 15cm;
(2) seedling pre-treatment: first the leek seedling taken out from matrix is wiped out part root system to 1cm; Then be put in clear water and clean, remove remaining matrix; Cut top greenery, upwards remain the height of 2cm apart from root;
(3) on field planting plate, field planting hole plant spacing is 10 × 10cm, every hole field planting planting cup, and every 10 strain leek pugil field planting, in planting cup, are then put into little haydite and passed into nutrient solution and cultivate;
Described matrix is vermiculite;
In described Fruit variety, the kind of leek is snow fragrant-flowered garlic 791 and/or Hanzhong winter fragrant-flowered garlic;
Described cultivating stand is double-deck cultivating stand, the long 20-35 rice of cultivating stand, and often the spacing of row cultivating stand is 0.8-1 rice, and cultivating stand is divided into two-layer up and down, width 1m, and two interlamellar spacings are 90cm, and lower floor is apart from ground 10cm;
Described nutrient solution comprises following index:
The nutrient solution source of manure requires: leek water planting special fertilizer;
Water supply standard: EC is less than 0.02mS/cm, PH is 6.5-7.5, and content of mineral substances meets the pure water of agricultural water requirement;
Compounding: by leek water planting special fertilizer preliminarily solubilised, then carry out secondary dilution, be directly made into working solution, for leek soilless culture;
Nutrient solution EC value: between the EC value 1.5-3.5 of leek whole breeding time;
Liquid PH value: PH maintains between 5.2-6.8, the too high phosphoric acid of PH or nitric acid debugging, otherwise debugs with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide;
The use of nutrient solution: nutrient solution recycles, water on cultivating stand upper strata, through lower floor's backwater, to remain in nutrition liquid pool between nutrient solution EC1.5-3.5; Sterilize 2 hours after every 24 h cycle of nutrient solution.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105359761A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2016-03-02 | 贵州雷之源生态农业开发有限公司 | Method for culturing leek |
| CN104813812A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-08-05 | 柳州三农科技有限公司 | Harvesting method for improving yield of Chinese chives |
| CN105900662A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-08-31 | 山东理工大学 | Soilless half-hydroponic planting method of organic Chinese chives |
| CN106359042A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-01 | 四川新生启航农业科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of hotbed chives or Chinese chives |
| CN106478265A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-03-08 | 山东鑫诚现代农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of nuisanceless water planting leek nutrient solution |
| CN107969313A (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2018-05-01 | 梁小琼 | A kind of soilless culture method of leek |
| CN106508397A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-03-22 | 覃杨 | Method for open-air soil-less leek cultivation on roof |
| CN106489517A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-03-15 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | A kind of Small plastic shed Folium Allii tuberosi cultivation and insulation harvesting method |
| CN107155841A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-09-15 | 蚌埠市乔峰农业蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of water planting propagation method of leek |
| CN112075332A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-15 | 肖建中 | Cultivation method of hydroponic Chinese chives |
| CN113924960B (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-09-06 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | Chinese chive water culture process |
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