CN104272954B - A kind of implantation methods of potted plant blue berry - Google Patents

A kind of implantation methods of potted plant blue berry Download PDF

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CN104272954B
CN104272954B CN201410547883.8A CN201410547883A CN104272954B CN 104272954 B CN104272954 B CN 104272954B CN 201410547883 A CN201410547883 A CN 201410547883A CN 104272954 B CN104272954 B CN 104272954B
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blue berry
substrate
plant
seedling
branch
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CN104272954A (en
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李靖
孙淑霞
陈栋
江国良
涂美艳
刘佳
谢红江
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Horticulture Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods

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Abstract

The invention discloses the implantation methods of a kind of potted plant blue berry, belong to field of agricultural cultivation, method is: S1. substrate preparation: crop material, rice husk, wood flour etc. are mixed with sandy loam after heap turns over fermentation, adds insecticide and antibacterial;S2. selection of seedling: select without pest and disease damage, the tissue cultured seedling of the evergreen blue berry of life in 1~2 year of robust growth or cutting seedling;S3. plant: the bottom of Potted-plant container spreads straw or puts into cultivation matrix after broken rubble, then is implanted in substrate by the nursery stock chosen;S4. fertilising: apply different fertilizer according to the growth period that blue berry is different;S5. pest management: include anthrax or the preventing and treating of leaf spot and the preventing and treating of insect pest;S6. prune: prune at blue berry trophophase, blue berry plant height is controlled 0.5~1.0m.The inventive method system perfecting, simple to operate, practical and convenient, improve the survival rate of blue berry potted plant growth, growth rate and yield.

Description

A kind of implantation methods of potted plant blue berry
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural cultivation, be specifically related to the implantation methods of a kind of potted plant blue berry.
Background technology
Blue berry system Ericaceae (Ericaceae) Pericarpium Citri tangerinae subfamily (Vaccinioideae) Vaccinium plant, have another name called Pericarpium Citri tangerinae, Blue berry, for perennial fallen leaves or evergreen shrubs.In Blueberry in addition to containing conventional sugar, protein, fruit acid and Vc, also rich in The mineral elements such as Ve, Va, Vb, SOD, arbutin, anthocyanidin, edible fiber and abundant K, Fe, Zn, Ca.Research shows, Often edible blue berry and goods thereof, help the generation prevented colon cancer, also can vision enhancing, cardiac function enhancing, battalion significantly Support skin, delay cranial nerve aging, prevention senile dementia, the blood capillary pathological changes caused by diabetes is also had well simultaneously Therapeutic effect.In the health food of 15 kinds of the whole world that Britain's authority's nutritionist is listed, blue berry occupy the first, and by the United Nations's grain Agriculture tissue is classified as one of big health food of the mankind five, is described as " king of berry ".Along with the raising of people's living standard, people oneself Health care consciousness is increasingly stronger, is on the increase the demand of blue berry, as the blue berry of emerging fruit, before having wide exploitation Scape.Simultaneously as its plant type is compact, flower can people, red gorgeous, the melon and fruit string string of autumn scenery, be also rare container culturing material, be see Light orchard and the first-selected fruit tree of courtyard greening.
Blue berry requires height to soil, weather conditions, and happiness highly acid, loose, well-drained soil, happiness is moistening, drought resistance Difference.But traditional blue berry planting patterns is mainly outdoor cropping, although also have the plantation of potted plant blue berry, such as Application No. 201210083916.9 Chinese patent disclose the cultural method of blue berry mobile tank under the conditions of a kind of warmhouse booth, application Number be 201210368387.7 Chinese patent disclose substrate and the method for a kind of container culturing blue berry, but prior art Implantation methods imperfection, especially show the aspects such as rich water quality management, pest management and fruit thinning pruning.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is i.e. to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that the implantation methods of potted plant blue berry, the party's genealogy of law Unite perfect, simple to operate, practical and convenient, improve the survival rate of blue berry potted plant growth, growth rate and yield.
It is an object of the invention to be achieved through the following technical solutions: the implantation methods of a kind of potted plant blue berry, it includes Following steps:
S1. substrate preparation: crop material, rice husk, wood flour etc. are turned over fermentation through heap, this substrate content of organic matter >=50%, With sandy loam by weight mixing for 1:0.8~1.2, adding insecticide and antibacterial after stirring, the pH value of tune substrate is 4.5~5.0, and with covered rearing with plastic film 3~4d;
S2. selection of seedling: select without pest and disease damage, the tissue cultured seedling of the evergreen blue berry of life in 1~2 year of robust growth or cuttage Seedling;
S3. plant: before planting, bottom at Potted-plant container spreads a layer thickness is 2~3cm Caulis et Folium Oryzaes or broken rubble, by step S1 The cultivation matrix of preparation is put in cultivating container, then implants in substrate by the blueberry tissue culture Seedling chosen or cutting seedling, the depth of planting For covering original nursery stock mass of soil 2~4cm;
S4. fertilising: before blue berry rudiment, 10~15d execute potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 50~100g/ strain, apply after 25~35d again Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 50~100g/ strain;Blue berry full-bloom stage sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 2 times 0.4~0.6% continuously, sprays for twice Interval time is 6~8d;Blueberry expanding stage sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.4~0.6% for continuous 2 times, when spraying interval twice Between be 6~8d;Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 100~150g/ strain is executed after fruit harvesting;And regulate potting media pH to 4.5~ 5.0;
S5. pest management: anthrax or the preventing and treating of leaf spot: spray for 2 weeks at blue berry blade their early stage or Post flowering The Bravo wettable powder 600 of 75%~700 times of liquid, spray once every 10~12d again;The preventing and treating of insect pest: before blue berry is bloomed or go out During existing insect pest, 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 2000 of spray~4000 times of liquid, spray once every 8~12d again;
S6. prune: pruning at blue berry trophophase, control blue berry plant height 0.5~1.0m, concrete operations are as follows:
Innovation is pinched off young shoots process: newborn branch grows to about 20cm when also not having branch, and process of pinching off young shoots promotes branch, and two Level branch processes equally, stays 3~5 shape branches when branch branch is too much, and remaining is erased.
Whether the raw branch of base is pinched off young shoots processs: according to the opening degree of blue berry, can cover, determine the height of pinching off young shoots of the raw branch of base, if Tree vigo(u)r is the most prosperous, plentiful, and the raw branch growth of base, near middle, can stay height to exceed about original height of tree 30cm in branch and pinch off young shoots, make indigo plant Certain kind of berries tree branching level is clearly demarcated, does not blocks, light pass-through.Ruo Jisheng branch energy cotree shape vacancy is then pinched off young shoots when 20~30cm, promotees Enter branch, notice when pinching off young shoots that the direction staying the direction of bud, bud to send is not overlapping with other branches, just fill vacancy;Ruo Jisheng branch Cross that to need to cut growth from base portion at most thin and delicate, overstocked, keep tree body ventilation and penetrating light.
Prune before rudiment after dormancy: cut and may hang unstable fruit, cull fruit, the branch of fruitlet;Cut intersection branch, tiltedly give birth to Branch, thin and delicate branch, excessively brachyplast.The bud of certain yield is stayed according to blue berry tree size.As branch more than base diameter 1cm can stay 8~10 fruitful branches, each fruitful branch stays 4~5 buds, and unnecessary cuts;Branch about base diameter 0.5cm can stay 3 ~4 fruitful branches, each fruitful branch stays 4~5 buds, and unnecessary cuts.
Florescence prunes: the most once can prune according to tree vigo(u)r growing state after blooming, the indigo plant of weak tendency of nourishing and growing Certain kind of berries tree is thinning out the flower of half again, ablastous branch after pruning is carried out cutting back more simultaneously.
After adopting prune: mainly cut the empty branch after result, overstocked branch, thin and delicate branch, intersect branch, the back of the body undershoot, bear fruit after can hang down To branch on the ground, there is no the branch of innovation simultaneously after cutting back result, there is no the old branch of innovation.This time prune and stay more as far as possible Branch, stays functional leaf more, allows and sets body many storages nutrient, cultivates tree vigo(u)r.
Preferably, insecticide described in step S1 is phoxim, and described antibacterial is carbendazim, contains in every cubic metre of substrate Insecticide 15~25g, containing antibacterial 15~25g.
Preferably, the control method of pH described in step S4 is: pouring in every 3 months a time 0.4~0.6% ferrous sulfate are molten Liquid or 0.6~1.0% tablet vinegar to the pH value of substrate be 4.5~5.0.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) potted plant blue berry growth result climate, edaphic condition affect little, available facility, sandy ground, house site, water Mud place is manually or mechanically changed high-volume factorial praluction and is made, and power of withstanding natural calamities is strong, the most artificial flower and fruit protecting, water saving joint Fertile.
(2) convenient management, ornamental value is high, and the nurturing period is easy to management, can regulate close at any time according to seedling growth situation Degree, it is simple to pruning, fashions into variously-shaped attitude, cultivate into short strong dense, tree body is plentiful, form is graceful potted plant plants Thing, collect greenery indigo plant fruit in a basin, view and admire trial test be worth high.
(3) beautify the environment, profitable on ecology.Potted plant blue berry can be widely used in hotel, market, school, machine as potted landscape Pass, station, square, enterprise, family, afforest, beautify human work, living environment, improve people's living environment quality, Ecological Effect Benefit is good.
(4) transplanting is not subject to seasonal restrictions, and convenient transportation, economic benefit, social benefit are notable.Potted plant blue berry be used as fruit tree, Courtyard greening tree, potted landscape, the most all can transplant, and does not affect seedling quality and growing way, and survival rate is up to 100%.
(5) cultural method system perfecting of the present invention, simple to operate, practical and convenient, management and maintenance is easy, it is simple to promote should With.At present, the potted plant blue berry of a basin yield 3~4kg can sell for 600~1000 yuan, remarkable in economical benefits, is thus advantageous to improve Agricultural benefit, increases farmers' income, and social benefit is notable.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following institute State.
Embodiment 1: the implantation methods of a kind of potted plant blue berry, it comprises the following steps:
S1. substrate preparation: crop material, rice husk, wood flour etc. are turned over fermentation through heap, this substrate content of organic matter >=50%, With sandy loam by weight mixing for 1:0.8, add phoxim and carbendazim after stirring, containing pungent sulfur in every cubic metre of substrate Phosphorus 15g, containing carbendazim 15g, the copperas solution with 0.4% adjusts the pH value of substrate to be 4.5, and uses covered rearing with plastic film 3d;
S2. selection of seedling: select without pest and disease damage, the tissue cultured seedling of the evergreen blue berry of life in 1 year of robust growth;
S3. plant: before planting, bottom at Potted-plant container spreads a layer thickness is 2cm Caulis et Folium Oryzae, cultivation step S1 prepared Substrate is put in cultivating container, then implants in substrate by the blueberry tissue culture Seedling chosen, and the depth of planting is for covering original nursery stock mass of soil 2cm;
S4. fertilising: before blue berry rudiment, 10d executes potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 50g/ strain, applies potassium sulfate compound fertilizer after 25d again 50g/ strain;Blue berry full-bloom stage sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 2 times 0.4~0.6% continuously, and spraying interval time for twice is 6~8d;Blue Certain kind of berries fruit expanding period sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.4~0.6% for continuous 2 times, and spraying interval time for twice is 6~8d;Fruit harvesting After execute potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 100g/ strain;0.4% copperas solution of pouring in every 3 months to the pH value of substrate be 4.5~ 5.0;
S5. pest management: anthrax or the preventing and treating of leaf spot: spray for 2 weeks at blue berry blade their early stage or Post flowering 600 times of liquid of the Bravo wettable powder of 75%, spray once every 10d again;The preventing and treating of insect pest: before blue berry is bloomed or when insect pest occurs Spray 2000 times of liquid of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, spray again once every 8d;
S6. prune: prune at blue berry trophophase, blue berry plant height is controlled 0.5~1.0m.
Embodiment 2: the implantation methods of a kind of potted plant blue berry, it comprises the following steps:
S1. substrate preparation: crop material, rice husk, wood flour etc. are turned over fermentation through heap, this substrate content of organic matter >=50%, With sandy loam by weight mixing for 1:1.2, add phoxim and carbendazim after stirring, containing pungent sulfur in every cubic metre of substrate Phosphorus 25g, containing carbendazim 25g;The pH value adjusting substrate is 5.0, and uses covered rearing with plastic film 4d;
S2. selection of seedling: select without pest and disease damage, the cutting seedling of the evergreen blue berry of life in 2 years of robust growth;
S3. plant: before planting, bottom at Potted-plant container spreads a layer thickness is the broken rubble of 3cm, cultivation step S1 prepared Training substrate is put in cultivating container, then implants in substrate by the blue berry cutting seedling chosen, and the depth of planting is for covering original nursery stock soil Group 4cm;
S4. fertilising: before blue berry rudiment, 15d executes potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 100g/ strain, applies potassium sulfate type again and is combined after 35d Fertile 100g/ strain;Blue berry full-bloom stage sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 2 times 0.4~0.6% continuously, and spraying interval time for twice is 6~8d; Blueberry expanding stage sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.4~0.6% for continuous 2 times, and spraying interval time for twice is 6~8d;Fruit Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 150g/ strain is executed after receipts;0.6% tablet vinegar of pouring in every 3 months is 5.0 to the pH value of substrate.
S5. pest management: anthrax or the preventing and treating of leaf spot: spray for 2 weeks at blue berry blade their early stage or Post flowering 700 times of liquid of the Bravo wettable powder of 75%, spray once every 12d again;The preventing and treating of insect pest: before blue berry is bloomed or when insect pest occurs Spray 4000 times of liquid of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, spray again once every 12d;
S6. prune: prune at blue berry trophophase, blue berry plant height is controlled 0.5~1.0m.
Embodiment 3: the implantation methods of a kind of potted plant blue berry, it comprises the following steps:
S1. substrate preparation: crop material, rice husk, wood flour etc. are turned over fermentation through heap, this substrate content of organic matter >=50%, With sandy loam by weight mixing for 1:1, adding phoxim and carbendazim after stirring, 0.6% copperas solution adjusts substrate PH value be 4.8, and use covered rearing with plastic film 3d;
S2. selection of seedling: select without pest and disease damage, the cutting seedling of the evergreen blue berry of life in 1 year of robust growth;
S3. plant: before planting, bottom at Potted-plant container spreads a layer thickness is 2.5cm Caulis et Folium Oryzae, cultivation step S1 prepared Training substrate is put in cultivating container, then implants in substrate by the blue berry cutting seedling chosen, and the depth of planting is for covering original nursery stock soil Group 3cm;
S4. fertilising: before blue berry rudiment, 12d executes potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 65g/ strain, applies potassium sulfate type again and is combined after 28d Fertile 60g/ strain;Blue berry full-bloom stage sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 2 times 0.4~0.6% continuously, and spraying interval time for twice is 6~8d; Blueberry expanding stage sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.4~0.6% for continuous 2 times, and spraying interval time for twice is 6~8d;Fruit Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 120g/ strain is executed after receipts;0.6% copperas solution of pouring in every 3 months is 4.8 to the pH value of substrate;
S5. pest management: anthrax or the preventing and treating of leaf spot: spray for 2 weeks at blue berry blade their early stage or Post flowering 630 times of liquid of the Bravo wettable powder of 75%, spray once every 11d again;The preventing and treating of insect pest: before blue berry is bloomed or when insect pest occurs Spray 3000 times of liquid of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, spray again once every 10d;
S6. prune: prune at blue berry trophophase, blue berry plant height is controlled 0.5~1.0m.
Embodiment 4: the implantation methods of a kind of potted plant blue berry, it comprises the following steps:
S1. substrate preparation: crop material, rice husk, wood flour etc. are turned over fermentation through heap, this substrate content of organic matter >=50%, With sandy loam by weight mixing for 1:1.1, after stirring, add phoxim and carbendazim, the pH of 1.0% tablet vinegar to substrate Value is 5.0, and uses covered rearing with plastic film 4d;
S2. selection of seedling: select without pest and disease damage, the tissue cultured seedling of the evergreen blue berry of life in 2 years of robust growth;
S3. plant: before planting, bottom at Potted-plant container spreads a layer thickness is 2cm Caulis et Folium Oryzae, cultivation step S1 prepared Substrate is put in cultivating container, then implants in substrate by the blueberry tissue culture Seedling chosen, and the depth of planting is for covering original nursery stock mass of soil 3cm;
S4. fertilising: before blue berry rudiment, 14d executes potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 85g/ strain, applies potassium sulfate type again and is combined after 32d Fertile 85g/ strain;Blue berry full-bloom stage sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 2 times 0.4~0.6% continuously, and spraying interval time for twice is 6~8d; Blueberry expanding stage sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.4~0.6% for continuous 2 times, and spraying interval time for twice is 6~8d;Every 3 1.0% tablet vinegar of moon pouring is 4.5 to the pH value of substrate;
S5. pest management: anthrax or the preventing and treating of leaf spot: spray for 2 weeks at blue berry blade their early stage or Post flowering 680 times of liquid of the Bravo wettable powder of 75%, spray once every 12d again;The preventing and treating of insect pest: before blue berry is bloomed or when insect pest occurs Spray 3600 times of liquid of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, spray again once every 10d;
S6. prune: prune at blue berry trophophase, blue berry plant height is controlled 0.5~1.0m.
Above-mentioned fruit thinning is pruned and is processed by the following method, and remaining management can use known technology.
Innovation is pinched off young shoots process: newborn branch grows to about 20cm when also not having branch, and process of pinching off young shoots promotes branch, and two Level branch processes equally, stays 3~5 shape branches when branch branch is too much, and remaining is erased.
Whether the raw branch of base is pinched off young shoots processs: according to the opening degree of blue berry, can cover, determine the height of pinching off young shoots of the raw branch of base, if Tree vigo(u)r is the most prosperous, plentiful, and the raw branch growth of base, near middle, can stay height to exceed about original height of tree 30cm in branch and pinch off young shoots, make indigo plant Certain kind of berries tree branching level is clearly demarcated, does not blocks, light pass-through.Ruo Jisheng branch energy cotree shape vacancy is then pinched off young shoots when 20~30cm, promotees Enter branch, notice when pinching off young shoots that the direction staying the direction of bud, bud to send is not overlapping with other branches, just fill vacancy;Ruo Jisheng branch Cross that to need to cut growth from base portion at most thin and delicate, overstocked, keep tree body ventilation and penetrating light.
Prune before rudiment after dormancy: cut and may hang unstable fruit, cull fruit, the branch of fruitlet;Cut intersection branch, tiltedly give birth to Branch, thin and delicate branch, excessively brachyplast.The bud of certain yield is stayed according to blue berry tree size.As branch more than base diameter 1cm can stay 8~10 fruitful branches, each fruitful branch stays 4~5 buds, and unnecessary cuts;Branch about base diameter 0.5cm can stay 3 ~4 fruitful branches, each fruitful branch stays 4~5 buds, and unnecessary cuts.
Florescence prunes: the most once can prune according to tree vigo(u)r growing state after blooming, the indigo plant of weak tendency of nourishing and growing Certain kind of berries tree is thinning out the flower of half again, ablastous branch after pruning is carried out cutting back more simultaneously.
After adopting prune: mainly cut the empty branch after result, overstocked branch, thin and delicate branch, intersect branch, the back of the body undershoot, bear fruit after can hang down To branch on the ground, there is no the branch of innovation simultaneously after cutting back result, there is no the old branch of innovation.This time prune and stay more as far as possible Branch, stays functional leaf more, allows and sets body many storages nutrient, cultivates tree vigo(u)r.
The survival rate of the potted plant blue berry of above-described embodiment 1-4 is 100%, and high yield period blue berry every basin yield is 3~4kg.

Claims (1)

1. the implantation methods of a potted plant blue berry, it is characterised in that it comprises the following steps:
S1. substrate preparation: through heap, crop material, rice husk, wood flour are turned over fermentation, this substrate content of organic matter >=50%, with husky earth Soil, by weight for 1:0.8~1.2 mixing, adds insecticide and antibacterial after stirring, adjust the pH value of substrate be 4.5~ 5.0, and with covered rearing with plastic film 3~4d;
S2. selection of seedling: select without pest and disease damage, the tissue cultured seedling of the evergreen blue berry of life in 1 year of robust growth or cutting seedling;
S3. plant: before planting, bottom at Potted-plant container spreads a layer thickness is 2~3cm Caulis et Folium Oryzaes, substrate step S1 prepared Putting in cultivating container, then implant in substrate by the blueberry tissue culture Seedling chosen or cutting seedling, the depth of planting is for covering original nursery stock Mass of soil 2~4cm;
S4. fertilising: before blue berry rudiment, 10~15d execute potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 50~100g/ strain, apply sulphuric acid after 25~35d again Jia Xing compound fertilizer 50~100g/ strain;Blue berry full-bloom stage sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 2 times 0.4~0.6% continuously, sprays interval twice Time is 6~8d;Blueberry expanding stage sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.4~0.6% for continuous 2 times, sprays interval time for twice and is 6~8d;Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 100~150g/ strain is executed after fruit harvesting;And regulate the pH to 4.5~5.0 of potting media;
S5. pest management: anthrax or the preventing and treating of leaf spot: spray 75% in 2 weeks at blue berry blade their early stage or Post flowering Bravo wettable powder 600~700 times of liquid, spray again once every 10~12d;The preventing and treating of insect pest: before blue berry is bloomed or occur Spray 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 2000~4000 times of liquid during insect pest, spray again once every 8~12d;
S6. prune: prune at blue berry trophophase, blue berry plant height is controlled 0.5~1.0m;
Wherein, insecticide described in step S1 is phoxim, and described antibacterial is carbendazim, containing insecticide in every cubic metre of substrate 15~25g, containing antibacterial 15~25g;
The control method of pH described in step S4 is: every 3 months pouring one time 0.4~0.6% copperas solution or 0.6~ 1.0% tablet vinegar is 4.5~5.0 to the pH value of substrate.
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