CN102131714B - 通过激光焊接密封的包装体和密封包装体的方法 - Google Patents

通过激光焊接密封的包装体和密封包装体的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102131714B
CN102131714B CN2009801332410A CN200980133241A CN102131714B CN 102131714 B CN102131714 B CN 102131714B CN 2009801332410 A CN2009801332410 A CN 2009801332410A CN 200980133241 A CN200980133241 A CN 200980133241A CN 102131714 B CN102131714 B CN 102131714B
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packaging body
laser beam
containment member
iron powder
laser
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CN102131714A (zh
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篠崎清隆
稻叶正一
品川喜昭
饭田治郎
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Toyo Seikan Group Holdings Ltd
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Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B7/00—Closing containers or receptacles after filling
    • B65B7/16—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B65B7/28—Closing semi-rigid or rigid containers or receptacles not deformed by, or not taking-up shape of, contents, e.g. boxes or cartons by applying separate preformed closures, e.g. lids, covers
    • B65B7/2842—Securing closures on containers
    • B65B7/2878—Securing closures on containers by heat-sealing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/206—Laser sealing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1648—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface radiating the edges of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1677—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3408—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
    • B29C65/3412—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements comprising fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3468—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special electrical connectors of windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/542—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining hollow covers or hollow bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81266—Optical properties, e.g. transparency, reflectivity
    • B29C66/81267—Transparent to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. to visible light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

一种密封的包装体，该密封的包装体包括：包装体，其由层叠材料制成；和密封构件，其用于密封所述包装体；其中所述层叠材料包括基材层、含有铁粉的热塑性树脂层和允许激光束通过的热塑性树脂层，密封构件的至少与包装体接触的面包括允许激光束通过的热塑性树脂；并且包装体与密封构件接触的面通过激光焊接被密封在一起。因此，允许有效地利用已经作为包装容器的氧吸收剂使用的铁粉并且允许有效地进行激光焊接。

Description

通过激光焊接密封的包装体和密封包装体的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及通过激光焊接密封的包装体和密封包装体的方法。更具体地，本发明涉及通过如下方法密封的包装体和密封包装体的方法：利用构成包装体的层叠材料中存在的铁粉所产生的热进行焊接。 
背景技术
密封具有盖构件的容器的方法通常有：将粘结剂施加到容器和盖构件的接触面上以将它们粘结在一起的方法；和使用可热封性树脂形成容器和盖构件的接触面并且通过热封(heat-sealing)将它们焊接在一起。 
热封焊接是广为采用的简单方法，但该方法由于其焊接步骤和后续的冷却步骤而需要延长时间，因此已经期望改进其生产效率。 
根据通常的使用热封条(heat-sealing bar)的热封***，焊接部要求一定程度的面积，此外焊接面必须平坦。另外，由于热必须从焊接部的外表面传导至密封面，在容器厚的情况下需要更多的时间来传导热，因此，伴随有如下问题：生产率低、厚度受限和形状设计的自由度低。 
另外，由于在热封部冷却和被完全密封之前需要预定的时间，则特别地当填充有自然产生压力的内容物或者在内容物较热时就填充内容物时，密封可能会剥离，这是因为头部空间中的由于密封热而膨胀的气体可能会穿过熔融状态的密封部逸出。 
另一方面，关于焊接容器和盖构件的方法，迄今为止已知利用激光进行焊接的方法。例如，下面的专利文献1提出通过激光焊接将底盖和上盖焊接于一体形式的容器主体。与热封的情况相比，当通过激光焊接包装体的构件时，在用激光束照射之后易于实现焊接。因此，焊接所需要的时间缩短，并且能够可靠地实现焊接而不受其形状的限制。 
一般地，将被激光焊接的部分必须包括基于吸收激光束而产生热的部分。因此，迄今，已经提出使用比如碳黑等黑色颜料或者有机颜料对将被激光照射的部分着色(专利文献2、专利文献3)。 
现有技术文献： 
专利文献： 
专利文献1：日本特开2000-128166号公报 
专利文献2：日本特开2001-152985号公报 
专利文献3：日本特开2005-187798号公报 
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
但是，当用比如碳黑等颜料着色时，焊接材料会由于加热或者碳化而引起比如产生臭味等问题。特别地，当内容物是食品等时，内容物所吸收的臭味会破坏食品的味道。因此，不能使用这类颜料。 
另外，从卫生的角度，当这类添加剂用于食品时其受到限制。 
因此，本发明的目标在于提供一种密封的包装体以及密封所述包装体的方法，所述包装体能够用于食品用途，并且能够利用激光被有效地焊接，而不会引起上述问题。 
本发明的另一个目标在于提供一种密封的包装体以及密封所述包装体的方法，所述包装体能够有效地利用已经用作包装容器的氧吸收剂的铁粉而被有效地激光焊接。 
用于解决问题的方案
根据本发明，提供了一种密封的包装体，其包括：包装体，其由层叠材料制成；和密封构件，其用于密封所述包装体；其中， 
所述层叠材料包括基材层、含有铁粉的热塑性树脂层和允许激光束通过的热塑性树脂层，所述密封构件的至少与所述包装体接触的面包括允许激光束通过的热塑性树脂；并且 
所述包装体与所述密封构件互相接触的面通过激光焊接被密封在一起。 
根据本发明的密封的包装体，期望所述铁粉被用作氧吸收剂。 
根据本发明，还提供了一种包装体和密封构件的密封方法，所述包装体由层叠材料制成，所述密封构件用于密封所述包装体，所述层叠材料包括基材层、含有铁粉的热塑性树脂层和允许激光束通过的热塑性树脂层，所述密封构件的至少与所述包装体接触的面包括允许激光束通过的热塑性树脂；其中， 
所述密封方法包括从所述密封构件所在的一侧照射激光束以加热所述含有铁粉的热塑性树脂层，从而熔化所述允许激光束通过的热塑性树脂层，由此将所述包装体与所述密封构件互相接触的面焊接在一起。 
根据本发明的密封方法，期望当照射激光束时利用允许激光束通过的刚性材料按压包装体与密封构件的接触面。 
发明的效果
本发明的密封的包装体既不使用碳黑也不使用有机颜料， 这些材料都是目前用于通过吸收激光束而产生热的材料。另外，形成含有铁粉的层作为中间层。因此，生热剂(铁粉)并不直接暴露于焊接面，减少了臭味的产生，使得可以进一步减小臭味的影响，并且消除了析出成份(extracted component)和铁粉的脱落(split off)的问题。因此，所述密封的包装体能够有利地用于食品。 
另外，本发明的密封所述包装体的方法不需要冷却步骤，而迄今在使用加热板的热封焊接中要求该冷却步骤。因此，本发明的方法有助于提高生产率，使得即使较厚的构件也能够被快速地并且有效地密封，同时保持稳定性并且降低成本。 
另外，由于不限制焊接部的形状，所以本发明能够应用于各种形式的密封的包装体。 
附图说明
图1是示出本发明中使用的层叠材料的层构成的截面图。 
图2是示出本发明的密封方法的图。 
具体实施方式
根据本发明的通过将包装体和密封构件焊接在一起获得的密封的包装体，构成包装体的层叠材料包括基材层、含有铁粉的热塑性树脂层(下文中通常称为“含铁粉层”)和允许激光束通过的热塑性树脂层(下文中通常称为“透过层”)。另一方面，密封所述包装体用的密封构件是如下的构件：该密封构件的至少与包装体接触的表面由允许激光束通过的热塑性树脂制成，使得包装体与密封构件的接触面能够被有效地焊接在一起。 
即，已经由允许激光束通过的热塑性树脂制成包装体与密封构件的接触面。因此，所照射的激光束通过这些层并到达构 成包装体的层叠材料中的含有铁粉的热塑性树脂层，使铁粉产生热。由于该热，与密封构件接触并且允许激光束通过的热塑性树脂被熔化，即通过焊接在与密封构件接触的面上实现密封。 
(层叠材料) 
在本发明中，如图1所示，构成包装体的层叠构件包括基材层1、含有铁粉的热塑性树脂层2和允许激光束通过的热塑性树脂层3。 
根据包装体的形式能够使用各种基材层。即，能够使用如下的热塑性树脂单层，例如：烯烃树脂，比如聚乙烯、聚丙烯或乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物；聚酯类树脂，比如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯；或者聚酰胺树脂，比如尼龙6或者尼龙6，6。或者，可以组合使用所述单层以形成它们的层叠结构。或者，上述热塑性树脂可以层叠在纸、木材、比如铝箔等金属箔上，或者层叠在无机膜或者金属沉积膜上，以形成它们的层叠结构。 
虽不限于此，但优选地使用如下的层叠结构：该层叠结构从外侧起顺次包括聚酯、铝箔、尼龙和聚烯烃。 
在层叠结构的情况中，期望与含铁粉层接触的一侧的层包括与构成含铁粉层的热塑性树脂相同的树脂。 
作为构成含铁粉层的热塑性树脂，能够使用与基材层相关地示例的热塑性树脂相同的树脂。优选地，能够优选地使用烯烃类树脂，比如低密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯或者高密度聚乙烯、直链低密度聚乙烯、等规聚丙烯、丙烯/乙烯共聚物、聚丁烯-1、乙烯/丙烯共聚物、乙烯/丁烯-1共聚物、丙烯/丁烯-1共聚物、乙烯/丙烯/丁烯-1共聚物、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、离子交联烯烃共聚物(离聚物)和乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物，其中所述乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物是通过使乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物皂化而获得的、皂化程度(saponification degree)不小于50mol％并且 特别地不小于60mol％的皂化产物。 
另外，期望构成含铁粉层的热塑性树脂的熔点高于或等于构成下面将说明的透过层的热塑性树脂的熔点。因此，基于铁粉所产生的热，透过层熔化并且有效地焊接至密封构件。如果树脂具有低的熔点，则含铁粉层熔化太多并且不能有效地焊接至透过层。 
任意的铁粉能够优选地用在含铁粉层中，只要所述铁粉是之前已经在包装容器领域中被用作氧吸收剂的铁粉即可。另外，虽然不仅限于如下的铁粉，但所述铁粉可以是如下的铁粉：其主要地包括氧化亚铁、四氧化三铁(tri-ion tetroxide)、比如碳化铁等还原性金属化合物、硅铁、羰基铁(iron carbonyl)或氢氧化亚铁中的一种或者它们的组合物。根据要求，它们可以与助剂组合使用，所述助剂比如是碱金属或碱土金属(alkaline earth metal)的氢氧化物、碳酸盐、亚硫酸盐、硫代硫酸盐、三代磷酸盐(tertiary phosphate)、有机酸盐和卤化物，以及活性碳、活性氧化铝和活性粘土。 
可优选使用的铁粉的平均粒径通常在10μm至50μm的范围内，并且特别地在15μm至25μm的范围内。能够通过使用例如激光衍射粒径分布测量仪测量粒径。 
期望包含在含铁粉层中的铁粉的量在5重量％至40重量％的范围内，并且特别地在10重量％至30重量％的范围内。如果铁粉含量小于上述范围，则通过吸收激光束所产生的热达不到焊接透过层的热塑性树脂的程度。另一方面，如果铁粉含量大于上述范围，则成型性(moldability)劣化，产生太大量的热，含铁粉层的树脂会被分解和碳化。 
透过层包括允许激光束通过并且能够由铁粉产生的热焊接的热塑性树脂。期望热塑性树脂具有不小于70％并且特别地不 小于80％的激光透过率。通过使用分光光度仪测量与激光束的波长对应的波长的光的透过率来获得激光透过率。 
即使使用相同的热塑性树脂，激光透过率也依据层的厚度而不同。在本发明中，不小于70％的透过率表示在将在下面描述的透过层厚度的范围内获得的透过率。 
作为所述热塑性树脂，能够例举出与关于含铁粉层例举的树脂相同的热塑性树脂。优选地，能够使用烯烃类树脂，比如低密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯或者高密度聚乙烯、等规聚丙烯、丙烯/乙烯共聚物、聚丁烯-1、乙烯/丙烯共聚物、乙烯/丁烯-1共聚物、丙烯/丁烯-1共聚物、乙烯/丙烯/丁烯-1共聚物。特别地，期望使用熔点不高于160℃的热塑性树脂，以易于实现焊接。 
透过层的厚度优选地在5μm至500μm的范围内，并且特别地在20μm至100μm的范围内。如果透过层的厚度小于上述范围，则不能可靠地实现焊接。另一方面，如果透过层的厚度大于上述厚度，则激光束难以在通常状态下到达含铁粉层，并且也不能可靠地实现焊接。 
除透过层的厚度之外，还能够依赖于包装体的形式、所用的基材及应用来适当地设定层叠材料层的厚度，因此，层叠材料层的厚度不能被一概地指定。但是，一般地，期望基材的厚度在50μm至1000μm的范围内，特别地在70μm至800μm的范围内，并且含铁粉层的厚度在10μm至400μm的范围内，特别地在25μm至300μm的范围内。 
能够通过如下已知的方法生产出层叠材料：比如共挤出法、热粘结法或者使用粘结剂的干式层叠法(dry laminationmethod)。 
(密封构件) 
本发明中使用的密封构件包括如下的热塑性树脂：其至少与包装体接触的表面允许激光束通过。 
作为这样的热塑性树脂，可以使用上述透过层所用的热塑性树脂，并且具有上述热塑性树脂的单层结构、多种热塑性树脂的多层结构或者另外形成有赋予密封构件阻气性(gas-barrier property)的无机汽相沉积层的多层结构。在本示例中，期望与包装体的透过层接触的层由与透过层所用的热塑性树脂相同的热塑性树脂制成。 
另外，密封构件可以至少具有与包装体接触的允许激光束通过的部分，并且还可以具有例如上面形成有着色树脂层或者印刷层的不允许激光束通过的其它部分。 
期望密封构件的至少与包装体接触的部分的厚度在5μm至2000μm的范围内，特别地在20μm至800μm的范围内，并且与透过层一起的总厚度在10μm至2500μm的范围内，并且特别地在40μm至900μm的范围内，以使得激光束能够可靠地到达包装体的含铁粉层。 
(密封的包装体) 
本发明的密封的包装体通过依赖于激光焊接而密封上述包装体和密封构件来获得、因此能够被焊接而不受限于包装体或者密封构件的形状、并且能够以各种形式实现。 
以透过层被定位在与密封构件接触的面上的方式形成包装体。 
具体地，所述包装体可以是比如杯或盘等容器，所述杯或盘由膜状或片状层叠材料通过比如真空成型、压缩空气成型或者型芯辅助成型(plug-assisted molding)等热成型而制成，或者所述包装体可以是例如通过拉伸成型而获得的具有底部的杯等容器。在本示例中，密封构件构成盖。当包装体是具有凸 缘部的杯时，包装体(杯等)和密封构件(盖构件)沿凸缘部接触，以被焊接在一起。 
盖依赖于杯或者盘的形状可以具有多种形状，比如平坦状、中央部向内凹陷的凹状(dented shape)、具有从顶板部的外周端部垂下的裙部的外盖状(over-cap shape)。即，盖的形状能够适当地变化以匹配于与包装体接触的部分。 
当包装体是类似于通过组装层叠材料而获得的牛奶包装体的容器、袋(pouch)、或者是用于输送流体的容器时，密封构件能够采用倾倒件(pouring fitting)的形式。尽管没有限制，该倾倒件可以例如包括主体和盖部，其中主体具有被焊接固定于容器的倾倒口，而盖部密封所述倾倒口。在本示例中，倾倒件的主体的焊接部可以允许激光束通过。 
另外，袋可以由包装体和密封构件两者形成。例如，自立袋(standing pouch)的侧面由层叠材料构成，而底部由密封构件构成。 
(密封方法) 
在本发明中，密封构件的与由上述层叠材料形成的包装体接触的部分被激光束从密封构件侧照射，从而含铁粉层发热以熔化透过层，使得包装体与密封构件的接触面被焊接在一起。 
在本发明的密封方法中，重要的是在用激光束照射时使包装体的面与密封构件的面彼此紧密接触，以有效地将两者焊接在一起。如先前所述，期望使用允许激光束通过的刚性材料按压包装体与密封构件的接触面，以实现紧密粘结。 
如果包装体与密封构件的接触面不平坦，则能够利用将两者挤压和固定在一起的夹具将两者彼此紧密粘结，或者通过将包装体和密封构件的尺寸和形状成型为使得包装体和密封构件具有在接触面上彼此挤压的位置关系而将两者紧密粘结在一 起。 
图2是示出所述密封的包装体的密封方法的视图，其中所述密封的包装体包括包装体和密封构件，所述包装体是包括主体部11、底部12和凸缘部13的杯10，所述密封构件是具有盖的形状的成型盖20，其中成型盖20在与包装体的凸缘部对应的周缘部21的内侧的中央部22处向内凹陷。 
杯10被设置在铝的接收板30中并且在凸缘部13处被支撑。成型盖20被设置成使得成型盖20的周缘部21位于杯10的凸缘部13的位置处。比如玻璃板等平坦的刚性材料4被置于成型盖20上，以紧密粘结杯10的凸缘部13与成型盖20的周缘部21的接触面。在所示的具体实施方式中，由硅橡胶等制成的弹性构件5形成于接收板上并且与刚性构件4一起保持杯10的凸缘部13和成型盖20的周缘部21，以增进凸缘部13和周缘部21之间的紧密粘结。 
接着，从上侧照射激光束以通过焊接密封杯与成型盖的接触面。这里，通过简单地照射激光束并且同时转动杯或者转动激光束而实现均一的、强固的和气密的焊接。 
当如图中的L所示的那样从盖的正上方照射激光束时，成型盖20至少在其将由激光束照射的部分必须由允许激光束通过的树脂制成。另外，如图中的L’所示，也允许倾斜地或者从横向照射激光束以实现焊接。在本示例中，成型盖20可以在与杯10的凸缘部13接触的部分由允许激光束通过的树脂制成。因此，可以在成型盖的上侧形成印刷层或者任意其它对于激光束不透明的层。 
本发明中使用的激光束可以是气体激光、固体激光或者半导体激光形成的激光束。在这些激光中，优选地使用半导体激光。 
激光振荡器的输出范围优选地为20W至150W，特别地是30W至100W。另外，激光束的波长优选地在200nm至20μm的范围内，特别地在400nm至15μm的范围内。在商业应用中，根据树脂的透射特性、通过吸收激光束而发热的物质的特性及激光振荡器的输出、成本和安全性来确定激光振荡器的输出范围和激光束的波长。 
在本发明中，从密封包装体的角度出发，激光束的光斑直径优选在0.2mm至3mm的范围内，并且特别地在0.5mm至2mm的范围内。 
另外，从防止树脂由于焊接而劣化以仍保持密封的角度出发，激光束的焦距优选地在10mm至200mm的范围内，并且特别地在50mm至150mm的范围内，即在30mm至70mm+允许激光束通过的层的厚度的范围内。 
另外，从防止树脂由于焊接而劣化以仍保持密封的角度出发，激光束的扫描速度在50mm/sec至300mm/sec的范围内，并且特别地在100mm/sec至200mm/sec的范围内。 
另外，只要所产生的热的量能够使焊接部被加热到高于其熔点的程度，就可以在各种状态下进行焊接。如果期望缩短焊接时间，则需要增大激光输出并且增大转速。如果不允许使用高输出的激光，则可延长焊接部被照射的时间。在本容器的示例中，可减小容器的转速。另外，如果激光输出对于实现熔化足够大，则可以增大激光束的直径以增大焊接宽度。 
实施例 
(实施例1) 
(1)通过干式层叠和挤出层叠制备具有下述层叠构成的两片层叠膜(A)和(B)。 
层叠膜(A)和(B)在它们的内表面侧(聚丙烯层)彼此接触，并以被玻璃板(具有10mm的厚度，并且对于波长为807nm的光具有98％的透过率)和具有硅橡胶的铝板(橡胶厚度为1mm，铝厚度为10mm)夹着彼此紧密粘结。 
透明膜(A)被置于玻璃板侧，并且从玻璃板侧照射激光束。已经通过玻璃板和膜(A)的激光束被含铁粉的PP吸收、转换成为热能、使内表面侧的PP熔化并使两片膜焊接在一起。 
[膜(A)] 
从外表面侧起顺次具有如下的层构成：硅沉积聚酯(12μm厚，沉积在内表面侧)/硅沉积聚酯(12μm厚，沉积在内表面侧)/尼龙(15μm厚)/聚丙烯(50μm厚，对波长为807nm的光的具有86％的透过率)，并且作为层叠膜对波长为807nm的光具有75％的透过率。 
[膜(B)] 
具有如下的层构成：聚酯(12μm厚)/铝箔(7μm厚)/尼龙(15μm厚)/聚丙烯(30μm厚)/含铁粉聚丙烯(25μm厚，熔点160℃，铁粉的含量为20重量％)/聚丙烯(30μm厚，熔点160℃，对波长为807nm的光具有93％的透过率)。 
(2)激光焊接的条件如下： 
激光振荡器： 
Jenoptik Co.制造 
半导体(GaAs)激光器 
波长，807±3nm 
最大输出，140W 
激光照射条件： 
输出，50W 
光斑直径，1mm 
照射的线速度，236mm/sec 
紧密粘结条件： 
0.2kg/cm2(当两片膜被夹在琉璃板和具有硅橡胶的铝板之间时，用于紧密粘结的压力) 
(3)结果： 
内表面构件被牢固地焊接在一起，以保持密封性。 
作为对焊接的一种粗略表征，将焊接部的强度基于JISZ0238进行热封强度评估。结果全部不小于30N/15mm，所有的强度都足够大。 
焊接时不产生烧焦味道，焊接面也未被烧焦。 
(比较例1) 
(1)重复实施例1，但使用层叠膜(C)代替使用层叠膜(B)，其中层叠膜(C)从外侧起顺次包括聚酯(12μm厚)/铝箔(7μm厚)/尼龙(15μm厚)/聚丙烯(25μm厚)/含碳黑聚丙烯(30μm厚，熔点160℃，碳黑含量为2％)，之后以与实施例1相同的方式用激光束照射，以将膜(A)与膜(C)的内表面焊接在一起。 
(2)结果： 
内表面侧的PP能够被焊接在一起，但是有显著的烧焦味道。 
此外，焊接部被部分烧焦。 
(实施例2) 
(1)通过真空成型法用具有下面的层叠构成的树脂片材成型杯容器。 
树脂片材(数值表示层的厚度)：(外表面侧)680μm聚丙烯/30μm粘结层/90μm EVOH/30μm粘结层/200μm含铁粉聚丙烯/470μm聚丙烯(内表面侧) 
这里，符号EVOH表示乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物树脂，含铁粉聚丙烯的熔点为160℃，铁粉含量为27重量％，形成内表面层的聚丙烯的熔点为160℃，波长为807nm并且光透过率为78％。 
所述杯具有如下的形状：口部的外径为75mm，容量为215ml，凸缘部沿开口部形成。盖通过注射成型聚丙烯树脂(熔点为160℃)而获得并且其口部的外径为75mm。成型盖的厚度为大约0.8mm。另外，波长为807nm并且光透过率为85％。 
参考图2，所述杯被引入到铝的接收板中，并且成型盖被置于杯上。 
成型盖由玻璃板保持，从玻璃板侧照射激光束以将所述杯和成型盖焊接在一起。硅橡胶被附着到铝接收板。 
(2)激光焊接的条件如下： 
激光振荡器： 
Jenoptik Co.制造 
半导体(GaAs)激光器 
波长，807±3nm 
最大输出，140W 
激光照射条件： 
输出，50W 
光斑直径，1mm 
照射时间，4秒(照射的线速度，118mm/sec) 
接收板以0.5转/秒的速率转动，照射持续两转的时间。 
紧密粘结条件： 
1kg/cm2(当由琉璃板保持时的压力) 
(3)结果： 
所述杯和成型盖的内表面侧的PP被焊接在一起，以保持密封特性。 
作为对焊接的一种粗略表征，将焊接部的强度基于JIS Z0238进行热封强度评估。结果全部不小于30N/15mm，并且所有的强度都足够大。 
(比较例2) 
(1)实施例2的杯和成型盖通过普通的使用热板的热封被焊接在一起而不是使用激光焊接，即使用热板代替使用图2中的玻璃板来按压成型盖。这里，为防止成型盖被焊接到热板，通过将聚四氟乙烯的片材置于成型盖和热板之间进行热封。 
(2)热封条件： 
温度：190℃和210℃ 
时间：3.0秒 
压力：1kg/cm2
(3)结果： 
在190℃的温度下不能实现焊接。在210℃的温度下，成型盖被焊接，而焊接部被穿透。由于焊接成型盖的条件范围过窄，热封并不实用。 
产业上的可利用性
本发明的密封的包装体并不使用之前用来通过吸收激光束而产生热的碳黑和有机颜料，而以含有铁粉的层作为中间层。这减少了由于焊接而产生的臭味，并且不会伴随有比如析出成份和铁粉的脱落的问题，从而提供了优异的味道保持特性并且使所述包装体特别地适用于容纳食品。 
另外，根据本发明的密封所述包装体的方法，不需要现有技术中所采用的通过使用热板的热封焊接中的冷却步骤，从而提高了生产率。另外，即使较厚的构件也能够被快速地并且有效地密封，同时保持稳定性并具有低成本。另外，由于不限制焊接部的形状，所以本发明能够应用于各种形式的密封的包装体。 
附图标记说明：
1-基材层 
2-含铁粉的热塑性树脂层 
3-允许激光束通过的热塑性树脂层 
10-杯    11-主体部    12-底部 
13-凸缘部    20-成型盖 
21-周缘部 
22-中央部    30-接收板 

Claims (4)

1.一种密封的包装体，所述密封的包装体包括：包装体，其由层叠材料制成；和密封构件，其用于密封所述包装体；其中，
所述层叠材料包括基材层、含有铁粉的热塑性树脂层和允许激光束通过的热塑性树脂层，所述密封构件的至少与所述包装体接触的面包括允许激光束通过的热塑性树脂；并且
所述包装体与所述密封构件互相接触的面通过激光焊接被密封在一起。
2.根据权利要求1所述的密封的包装体，其特征在于，所述铁粉被用作氧吸收剂。
3.一种包装体和密封构件的密封方法，所述包装体由层叠材料制成，所述密封构件用于密封所述包装体，所述层叠材料包括基材层、含有铁粉的热塑性树脂层和允许激光束通过的热塑性树脂层，所述密封构件的至少与所述包装体接触的面包括允许激光束通过的热塑性树脂；其中，
所述密封方法包括从所述密封构件所在的一侧照射激光束以加热所述含有铁粉的热塑性树脂层，从而熔化所述允许激光束通过的热塑性树脂层，由此将所述包装体与所述密封构件互相接触的面焊接在一起。
4.根据权利要求3所述的密封方法，其特征在于，在照射所述激光束时，所述包装体与所述密封构件互相接触的面被允许所述激光束通过的刚性材料按压。
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