CN102077711A - Method for improving salinization farmland - Google Patents
Method for improving salinization farmland Download PDFInfo
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- CN102077711A CN102077711A CN 201010592692 CN201010592692A CN102077711A CN 102077711 A CN102077711 A CN 102077711A CN 201010592692 CN201010592692 CN 201010592692 CN 201010592692 A CN201010592692 A CN 201010592692A CN 102077711 A CN102077711 A CN 102077711A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving a salinization farmland, wherein the cultivation model of the salinization farmland is the drip irrigation under mulch, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) measuring the terrain of the salinization farmland; (2) determining the soil, underground water characteristics, the embedded depth and space of conceal pipes of the salinization farmland; (3) preparing the conceal pipes, filter material and packing material; (4) digging the pipeline, laying the conceal pipes and the filter material; (5) connecting the laid conceal pipes with a storage well so that the water discharged by the conceal pipes can be merged in the storage well, and then is sucked into an impermeable trench to discharge. After the conceal pipes are embedded by the method, the underground water level is effectively reduced and the salinization soil condition is obviously improved; and the effective age limit of the conceal pipes is longer, the air hole gap of the soil is increased more obviously, and the water discharging and salt reducing effect is better.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that improves the salination farmland.
Background technology
The soil, saline land hardens, some saline and alkaline vegetation that only grow, and the salt tolerant crop growth is also very difficult, is a kind of significant wastage of land resources.
At present, domestic and international processing method to the saline land mainly contains following several: salt discharge method, pressure salt method, stifled salt method.
The salt discharge method is by a large amount of water, the saline land is washed for a long time, and the salt content on top layer, saline land is reduced, be i.e. open drain salt discharge; Pressing the salt method is to utilize natural precipitation, artificial big flood to irrigate or drip irrigation, the salt that impels part along the soil pore space, the crack permeates downwards, takes the salinity of topsoil to bottom or root system of plant periphery with water, promptly with washing salt.Though said method can make the salt content on top layer, saline land reduce, and can not keep permanent, and needs a large amount of water sources.Stifled salt method is by transplanting soil moved in to improve the original soil removal and replacement to be carried out on the top layer, saline land, and not only quantities is big, and the soil resource of high-quality also need be arranged, but As time goes on still keeps away unavoidable secondary salinization of soil.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide that a kind of cost is low, the method in obvious results improvement salination farmland.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of method that improves the salination farmland, the cultivation mode in this salination farmland are under-film drip irrigation, and described method comprises: (1) measures the landform in described salination farmland; (2) determine soil, underground water characteristic and the hidden pipe buried depth and the spacing in described salination farmland; (3) prepare described hidden pipe, filtrate and wrap up in material; (4) dig and establish pipeline, lay described hidden pipe, lay described filtrate; The described hidden pipe that (5) will lay is connected with the retaining well, and the water of discharging in the hidden pipe is compiled in the retaining well, will drain in the water suction anti seepage channel again.
Further, in described step (2),, determine described hidden pipe buried depth and hidden pipe spacing according to the soil texture and underground water characteristic.
Further, in described step (2), described hidden pipe buried depth is greater than the maximum frozen soil layer thickness of locality, and described hidden pipe spacing is 50～100m.
Further, described hidden pipe is a bellows, and the tube wall of described bellows is provided with eyelet.
Further, the gross area of described eyelet is controlled at 1000～4000mm according to inside diameter of bel
2/ m.
Further, the diameter of described eyelet is 0.2～0.8mm.
Further, described filtrate employing diameter is the stone of 0.5～2cm.
Further, described filtrate is laid on bottom and/or the both sides and/or the top of described hidden pipe.
Further, the described material of wrapping up in adopts Plastic screen.
Further, the every engineering time in the described step (4) carries out after the results of farmland in air-dry back of soil after the spring break or autumn.
After adopting method among the present invention to bury hidden pipe underground, lowering of watertable and improve the salinization soil situation significantly effectively, and the hidden pipe effective age is long more, the ventilating slit increase of soil is obvious more, and it is good more that the salt effect falls in draining.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a moderate salination cotton field salinity variation diagram.
Fig. 2 is a slight salination cotton field salinity variation diagram.
Embodiment
Below technical scheme of the present invention is elaborated.
The method in improvement salination of the present invention farmland, the cultivation mode in this salination farmland is a under-film drip irrigation, described method comprises:
(1) measures landform.
Preferably, adopt theodolite and spirit level or total powerstation to measure and wait to improve the landform in farmland.
(2) determine described soil, underground water characteristic and hidden pipe buried depth and the spacing of waiting to improve the farmland.
Preferably, the slope coefficient in the time of should noting excavating pipeline during construction.
According to characteristics such as the soil texture and underground water, calculate hidden pipe buried depth and spacing.Preferably, described hidden pipe buried depth is greater than the on-site maximum frozen soil layer thickness in described farmland; Further, preferably, the hidden pipe buried depth is 1.8～2.2m, and slope coefficient is 1.2～2m, and the hidden pipe spacing is 50～100m, can slightly adjust according to face of land soil salinization degree in the middle of the reality.
(3) prepare hidden pipe, filtrate and wrap up in material.
Preferably, described hidden pipe is used for draining, and the internal diameter of described bellows is 55～210mm; The gross area of described eyelet is controlled at 1000～4000mm according to inside diameter of bel
2/ m; The diameter of described eyelet is 0.2～0.8mm.In a preferred embodiment, it is the 11cm bellows that described hidden pipe adopts diameter, its pipe range 6m; And adopting electric drill with eyelet work on the tube wall of described hidden pipe, the gross area of described eyelet is controlled at 3000mm
2/ m, preferably, the diameter of described eyelet is 0.6mm.
Preferably, it is the stone of 0.5～2cm that filtrate adopts diameter, preferably, and the thick filtrate of each about 10cm in shop on bottom, both sides and the top of hidden pipe.
Preferably, wrap up in material and adopt Plastic screen, preferably, the specification of described Plastic screen is 40 * 40 orders～20 * 20 orders.
Preferably, all hidden pipes wrap with screen window, and use the thin wire banding.
(4) dig and establish pipeline, lay hidden pipe, lay filtrate.
Preferably, the every engineering time in the described step (4) can carry out after the results of farmland in air-dry back of soil after the spring break or autumn.
Preferably, the described slope coefficient that digs the pipeline of establishing is according to the soil texture and cutting depth and decide, and preferably, slope coefficient is 1.2～2.0.
During hidden pipe that described draining is used, described hidden pipe is laid gradient, and when the internal diameter of hidden pipe was less than or equal to 100mm, described ratio reduced to 1/300～1/600; When the internal diameter of hidden pipe during greater than 100mm, described ratio reduces to 1/600～1/1500.
(5) hidden pipe that lays is connected with the retaining well, the water of discharging in the hidden pipe is compiled in the retaining well, wait when in the retaining well water being arranged, available immersible pump is extracted out, and gathers water determination pH value and conductivity value.
Below in conjunction with a specific embodiment of the present invention described method is described:
Selected a certain test region, area is about 600 mu, and this high south, north, test region is low, and gradient is roughly i=1.5 ‰～0.3 ‰; Xi Gaodong is low, and gradient is roughly i=1.1 ‰～0.4 ‰; The salinization soil on-site inspection, soil salt is high in the east and low in the west, is to the maximum more than the 5g/kg, westwards is reduced to about 1.5g/kg gradually.
The soil of described test region is based on loam, though the bulk density of soil increases downwards, the clay specific gravity of soil is little, sees Table 1.Subterranean water level is higher at 1.5～2m spring, and summer and autumn are hanged down 2.5～3.5m slightly, and the underground water fall off rate is the 0.366cm/ branch.This shows that the test region is difficult for construction, the slope coefficient in the time of should noting excavating pipeline during construction.The test region is according to characteristics such as the soil texture and underground water, calculate hidden pipe salt discharge engineering buried depth and spacing according to rules, the hidden pipe buried depth is 1.8～2.2m, and slope coefficient is 1.2～2m, the hidden pipe spacing is 50～100m, and reality slightly adjusts according to face of land soil salinization degree.
Table 1 is soil texture situation experimental field
The test region cultivation mode is a under-film drip irrigation, a film two pipes six row, and line-spacing is configured to: 30cm+60cm+60cm+30cm; The test region is positioned on the hidden pipe salt discharge engineering, and thing is long to be 400m; It is moderate salinization soil (salt content 3-5g/kg) and slight salinization soil (salt content is 1-3g/kg) that sample point is divided into, every processing repetition 6 times; The sample point position is positioned at film central authorities, each point minute 0～20cm, 20～40cm, 4 deep layer soil samplings of 40～60cm, 60～80cm, and when taking a sample for the first time, the good mulch film number of number, rand measurement point distance are carried out fixation mark, and institute fixed point place is all got in later on each sampling.After seeding stage, squaring period, full-bloom stage, Sheng bell phase, the term of opening bolls and the results of cotton, the soil of getting 0-80cm is measured soil moisture, salinity, the pH distribution situation in drip irrigation cotton field respectively.The soil specimen that obtains carries out indoor moisture through natural air drying, after sieving, salinity is measured.The sample plot irrigation period sees Table 2 by norm.
Date and the amount of the dripping (amount of dripping m drip in table 2 cotton field
3/ hm
2)
| May 10 | June 10 | June 20 | June 30 | July 10 | July 18 |
| 300 | 300 | 450 | ?450 | 450 | ?450 |
| July 27 | August 6 | August 15 | August 26 | September 6 | Total amount |
| 450 | 450 | 450 | ?375 | 375 | ?4500 |
Respectively at different times, different soils deep layer (0-80cm, every 20cm one deck) gathers the cotton field soil specimen, the result is as shown in Figure 1: also drip seedling stage May 2,0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm soil salt are all the highest at each sampling salt content in period, and the 0-20cm salt content is up to 6.26dsm in four different depth soil layers
-1Subsequently at May 20, June 12, July 8 dripping irrigation, irrigation water has the effect of drip washing to salinity, and each degree of depth soil layer salt content all descends to some extent, especially topsoil 0-20cm salt content descend the fastest, by 6.26dsm
-1Drop to 0.57dsm
-140-60cm, 60-80cm soil layer salt content from May 2 to June 12 days in remarkable decline, but to July 8 soil salt content rise to some extent, perhaps with the strong evaporation of soil in this and a large amount of transpirations of crop in period, the water consumption amount is bigger, and salinity is along with moisture moves on to some extent in the deep soil; The 0-40cm soil layer is remarkable desalination district.
Fig. 2 is a slight salination cotton field salinity variation diagram.Change identically with moderate salination cotton field variation tendency along with the continuity soil salt of breeding time is overall, salt content is higher in earlier stage, and along with the irrigated soil salinity of breeding time descends to some extent, but amplitude of variation is little than moderate salination cotton field; Slightly each deep soil amplitude of variation maximum of salination cotton field is 0-20cm still, and salt content has reduced 50.96%, and 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm soil salt have reduced 42.69%, 18.48%, 19.02% respectively; Slight salination cotton field is little in its sampling each deep layer salt content difference in early stage.
After adopting method among the present invention to bury hidden pipe underground, lowering of watertable and improve the soil aeration situation significantly effectively.The hidden pipe effective age is long more, and the ventilating slit of soil increases obvious more, and the draining improved effect is good more.
Experiment shows that hidden pipe salt discharge engineering core test region moderate salination farmland 0-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm soil salt significantly descend with cotton development stage and frequency of irrigation, and the 0-40cm soil layer is remarkable desalination district.It is identical with moderate salination cotton field variation tendency that slight salination cotton field salinity the overall variation of continuity soil salt of breeding time, but amplitude of variation is little than moderate salination cotton field; Each deep soil amplitude of variation is 0-20cm, and salt content has reduced 50.96%, and 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm soil salt have reduced 42.69%, 18.48%, 19.02% respectively.
The EC value of closed drainage is increases the trend that afterwards reduces earlier, and excursion is by 7.53-11.16ms/cm, and the salinity rate of change is-17.9～27.6%; The pH value of closed drainage reduces the trend that afterwards increases earlier, excursion 7.08-8.20, and this and the closed drainage district water yield have much relations.Soil desalination situation and hidden pipe salt discharge existence are closely connected.Migrate with leaching by the remarkable desalination of 0-40cm soil layer explanation salinity and to discharge with water, cause the retaining well salt of closed drainage to divide and increase to hidden pipe.
Moderate and slight salination district soil are carried out complex art integration test and demonstrations such as modifying agent, agronomic measures and engineering improvement, the average salt rejection rate size of each level of mild or moderate salinization soil is 20-40cm (35.6%)＞40-60cm (18.5%)＞0-20cm (4.9%)＞60-80cm (4.3%), and the average salt rejection rate size of day part is (17.2%)＞May 2 (18.4%)＞May 20 (20.9%)＞June 12 July 8 (6.8%).Patting equal salt rejection rate everywhere is-15.8%. The slight average salt rejection rate size of each level of salinization soil is 40-60cm (38.9%)＞60-80cm (24.7%)＞20-40cm (19.1%)＞0-20cm (22.9%), and the average salt rejection rate size of day part is (10.6%)＞July 8 (15.8%)＞May 2 (32.0%)＞June 12 May 20 (1.5%).Patting equal salt rejection rate everywhere is-15.0%.
Claims (10)
1. method that improves the salination farmland, the cultivation mode in this salination farmland is a under-film drip irrigation, described method comprises:
(1) landform in the described salination of mensuration farmland;
(2) determine soil, underground water characteristic and the hidden pipe buried depth and the spacing in described salination farmland;
(3) prepare described hidden pipe, filtrate and wrap up in material;
(4) dig and establish pipeline, lay described hidden pipe, lay described filtrate;
The described hidden pipe that (5) will lay is connected with the retaining well, and the water of discharging in the hidden pipe is compiled in the retaining well, will drain in the water suction anti seepage channel again.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that: in described step (2), according to the soil texture and underground water characteristic, determine described hidden pipe buried depth and hidden pipe spacing.
3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: in described step (2), described hidden pipe buried depth is greater than the maximum frozen soil layer thickness of locality, and described hidden pipe spacing is 50～100m.
4. as each described method of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: described hidden pipe is a bellows, and the tube wall of described bellows is provided with eyelet.
5. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the gross area of described eyelet is controlled at 1000～4000mm according to inside diameter of bel
2/ m.
6. as claim 4 or 5 described methods, it is characterized in that: the diameter of described eyelet is 0.2～0.8mm.
7. as each described method of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that: it is the stone of 0.5～2cm that described filtrate adopts diameter.
8. as each described method of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that: described filtrate is laid on bottom and/or the both sides and/or the top of described hidden pipe.
9. as each described method of claim 1-8, it is characterized in that: the described material of wrapping up in adopts Plastic screen.
10. as each described method of claim 1-9, it is characterized in that: the every engineering time in the described step (4) carries out after the results of farmland in air-dry back of soil after the spring break or autumn.
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| CN 201010592692 CN102077711A (en) | 2010-12-13 | 2010-12-13 | Method for improving salinization farmland |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102626011A (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2012-08-08 | 北京林业大学 | Method for regulating underground water level of dam field |
| CN102696297A (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-10-03 | 天津城市建设学院 | Method for setting salt elimination system through closed conduit with external-wrapped filtering layer made of fluidized bed furnace slag |
| CN102953367A (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2013-03-06 | 中国民航机场建设集团公司 | Saline soil foundation treatment method |
| CN103329658A (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2013-10-02 | 河海大学 | Sectional three-dimensional structure for fast desalting and soil improvement of saline-alkali soil of new tidal marsh reclamation area |
| CN103477952A (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2014-01-01 | 石河子大学 | Agriculture water and soil improvement irrigation and drainage system |
| CN106906809A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-06-30 | 石河子大学 | Closed drainage device and laying method under the conditions of the unsaturation of farmland |
| CN107915515A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-04-17 | 夏新发 | A kind of method of soil improvement in vinyl house |
| CN110603919A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-24 | 石河子大学 | Method for improving saline-alkali soil |
| CN110771297A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-11 | 灌南县农业技术推广中心 | Method for improving agricultural ecological environment by using organic soil |
| CN111886957A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-11-06 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业质量标准与检测研究所 | Method suitable for repairing and improving salinized soil in high-altitude areas |
| CN112462032A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-09 | 武汉大学 | Method suitable for evaluating drainage and salt discharge effects of concealed pipes in saline land area |
| CN112482324A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-12 | 石河子大学 | Preparation method of drainage concealed pipe device for guiding seepage based on preferential flow characteristics |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102953367A (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2013-03-06 | 中国民航机场建设集团公司 | Saline soil foundation treatment method |
| CN102626011A (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2012-08-08 | 北京林业大学 | Method for regulating underground water level of dam field |
| CN102696297A (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-10-03 | 天津城市建设学院 | Method for setting salt elimination system through closed conduit with external-wrapped filtering layer made of fluidized bed furnace slag |
| CN102696297B (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-11-12 | 天津城市建设学院 | Method for setting salt elimination system through closed conduit with external-wrapped filtering layer made of fluidized bed furnace slag |
| CN103329658A (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2013-10-02 | 河海大学 | Sectional three-dimensional structure for fast desalting and soil improvement of saline-alkali soil of new tidal marsh reclamation area |
| CN103477952A (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2014-01-01 | 石河子大学 | Agriculture water and soil improvement irrigation and drainage system |
| CN106906809A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-06-30 | 石河子大学 | Closed drainage device and laying method under the conditions of the unsaturation of farmland |
| CN106906809B (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2023-03-28 | 石河子大学 | Concealed pipe drainage device under unsaturated condition of farmland and laying method |
| CN107915515A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-04-17 | 夏新发 | A kind of method of soil improvement in vinyl house |
| CN110603919A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-24 | 石河子大学 | Method for improving saline-alkali soil |
| CN110771297A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-11 | 灌南县农业技术推广中心 | Method for improving agricultural ecological environment by using organic soil |
| CN111886957A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-11-06 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业质量标准与检测研究所 | Method suitable for repairing and improving salinized soil in high-altitude areas |
| CN112462032A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-09 | 武汉大学 | Method suitable for evaluating drainage and salt discharge effects of concealed pipes in saline land area |
| CN112462032B (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-03-04 | 武汉大学 | Method suitable for evaluating drainage and salt discharge effects of concealed pipes in saline land area |
| CN112482324A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-12 | 石河子大学 | Preparation method of drainage concealed pipe device for guiding seepage based on preferential flow characteristics |
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Application publication date: 20110601 |