CN111886957A - Method suitable for repairing and improving salinized soil in high-altitude areas - Google Patents
Method suitable for repairing and improving salinized soil in high-altitude areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN111886957A CN111886957A CN202010665071.9A CN202010665071A CN111886957A CN 111886957 A CN111886957 A CN 111886957A CN 202010665071 A CN202010665071 A CN 202010665071A CN 111886957 A CN111886957 A CN 111886957A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allylamine Chemical compound NCC=C VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000018343 nutrient deficiency Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
- E03F3/046—Open sewage channels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/04—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method suitable for repairing and improving salinized soil in a high-altitude area. The method for repairing and improving the salinized soil in the high-altitude area comprises the following steps of S1: establishing a drainage system; s11: and (3) establishing open trench drainage, surveying the geology firstly, wherein the open trench drainage mainly comprises a plain fill layer, miscellaneous fill and marine sedimentary deposit within a surveying depth range, and earth excavation is carried out after the surveying is finished and the drawing design is carried out. According to the method for repairing and improving the salinized soil in the high-altitude area, provided by the invention, through open trench drainage, closed pipe drainage and shaft drainage, the regulative underground water level is flexibly controlled, secondary salinization of the irrigated land is prevented and controlled, the concentration of the soil solution is reduced through saline water irrigation, excessive water generated by irrigation can be discharged through a drainage system consisting of open trench drainage, closed pipe drainage, shaft drainage and shaft drainage, and the problem of salinization in the high-altitude area is conveniently, efficiently and quickly solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a method suitable for restoring and improving salinized soil in a high-altitude area.
Background
The salinization of soil refers to the process that salt in the bottom layer of soil or underground water rises to the ground along with capillary water and is accumulated in surface soil after water is evaporated, and refers to the phenomenon or process that easily soluble salt is accumulated on the surface of soil, which is also called salinization.
Terrain and topography directly affect surface water and groundwater runoff. From a foot to a backflow basin, water and salt movement can be roughly divided into 4 types of mountains, namely, downward-seepage horizontal movement type slow-inclination low flat lands are mostly ascending, downward-seepage horizontal movement type hollow lands are mostly downward-seepage ascending alternate vertical movement type hollow land edges, reverse horizontal ascending types can also appear, salt in soil and stratum is dissolved in surface water and underground water in the way of runoff, and evaporation and concentration are carried out, total dissolved solid is continuously increased, so that the soil salinization degree shows a trend that the soil salinization degree is gradually intensified from high to low and from upstream to downstream along with the terrain.
In the prior art, salinization is more easily generated in a high-altitude area than in a low-altitude area, the root system of a crop cannot effectively absorb water and nutrients in soil due to the fact that the soil salt concentration is too high, the nutrient deficiency symptom is generated, the symptoms such as weak growth, yellowing, wilting and weak root system of the plant are shown, and the root system is dead when the root system is serious, so that the whole plant is withered.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a method for repairing and improving salinized soil in high altitude areas to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for repairing and improving salinized soil in a high-altitude area, which solves the problem that the salinization of the soil affects the growth of crops.
In order to solve the technical problems, the method for repairing and improving the salinized soil in the high-altitude area comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing a drainage system;
s11: establishing open trench drainage, wherein the geology needs to be surveyed firstly, the open trench drainage mainly comprises a plain fill layer, miscellaneous fill and a marine sedimentary layer within a surveying depth range, earthwork excavation is carried out after the surveying is finished and drawing design is carried out, the open trench is excavated by adopting an excavation method with machinery as a main part and manpower as an auxiliary part, and the size of the open trench is designed to be 25cm in width and 60cm in depth;
s12: building hidden pipe drainage, namely firstly carrying out paying-off measurement, checking and checking coordinates of a base point pile, burying a high-line pile after confirming that no error exists, then determining the position of each hidden pipe in a field block according to a design interval, burying a line control pile at the beginning end and the tail end of each hidden pipe line, and finally digging a groove deeply according to the design through the hidden pipe laying beginning end of an excavator to lay the hidden pipe;
s13: building vertical shaft drainage, namely firstly excavating a vertical shaft through mechanical equipment, then paving an EVA waterproof board, and finally pouring concrete, wherein the diameter of the vertical shaft is designed to be 2m, the depth of the vertical shaft is 36m, the vertical shaft is a permanent drainage vertical shaft, a reinforced lining section is 23.5m, a common lining section is 11.5m, and a shaft opening locking end is 1 m;
s2: irrigating with saline water;
s21: preparing a soil conditioner, wherein the soil conditioner comprises the components of calcium superphosphate, calcium nitrate, fulvic acid, polyvinyl alcohol and allylamine;
s22: mixing a regulator, namely mixing common water and the regulator, stirring by using a special mixing device, and simultaneously adding ammonium sulfate (containing 20-21% of nitrogen) into the mixture for mixing;
s23: the mixed regulator is sprayed through a pipeline and a spray head, and a special watering cart can be used for spraying, and soil layer structures are broken through deep soil turning before spraying.
Preferably, in step S11, the water seepage holes on the wall of the dug ditch are rectangular grooves, the water seepage holes are arranged in a row, the distance between the water seepage holes is 30cm up and down, and 50 cm to 100 cm left and right, and the water seepage holes need to be made into a slope with 10% inclined like power, and the longitudinal slope of the groove should not be less than 2%.
Preferably, in step S11, the earth excavation starts to perform balanced excavation from one end of the foundation pit, the earth excavation is performed in parallel, the strip excavation is avoided, the arm length performance of the excavator is fully utilized to enable the parking surface and the dump truck parking point to be far away from the excavation surface, the elevation of the bottom of the mechanical earth excavation tank needs to be 20cm-30cm higher than the designed elevation, and the mechanical earth excavation tank is matched with manual cleaning.
Preferably, in step S12, the buried underground pipe includes a water suction pipe and a water collection pipe, the pipe lines are preferably arranged in parallel, the included angle between the pipe lines and the flow direction of the groundwater is preferably not less than 45 °, and the water collection pipe or the open trench is preferably arranged along the slope direction of the ground and the included angle between the pipe lines of the water suction pipe is not less than 35 °.
Preferably, in the step S12, the wound corrugated pipe may be directly placed in the trench to backfill the earth in the excavated pipe trench, and both the trench excavation and the pipe laying may be performed by using a machine.
Preferably, in the step S13, the waterproof board is laid by using a nail-free hole, and then the waterproof board is welded to the gasket by applying a special double-seam hot-melt welding machine at a predetermined temperature and speed.
Preferably, in step S21, the calcium superphosphate is 35%, the calcium sulfate is 18%, the brown humic acid is 22%, the polyethylene acid is 15%, and the allylamine is 10%.
Preferably, in step S22, 1L of water is used for mixing every 5g of the regulator, and the mixture is heated to 60-70 ° for mixing and stirring for 10min, and then ammonium sulfate is added for mixing for 15 min.
Preferably, in step S23, the spraying of the soil may be performed by alternately spraying normal water and mixed water added with the regulator, the time interval between any two spraying is greater than 10 days, and the spraying amount per square kilometer is required to be greater than 10L when the mixed water is sprayed.
Preferably, in step S23, soil deep ploughing is preferably performed in combination with rotary cultivator digging, and the deep ploughing depth should be greater than 40 cm.
Compared with the related technology, the method for repairing and improving the salinized soil in the high-altitude area has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a method suitable for repairing and improving salinized soil in a high-altitude area, which is characterized in that through open ditch drainage, closed pipe drainage and vertical shaft drainage, the method does not occupy land, has large water quantity, good water quality, flexible underground water level control and regulation, and less maintenance work, and can be combined with irrigation at the same time.
Detailed Description
The method suitable for repairing and improving the salinized soil in the high-altitude area comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing a drainage system;
s11: establishing open trench drainage, wherein the geology needs to be surveyed firstly, the open trench drainage mainly comprises a plain fill layer, miscellaneous fill and a marine sedimentary layer within a surveying depth range, earthwork excavation is carried out after the surveying is finished and drawing design is carried out, the open trench is excavated by adopting an excavation method with machinery as a main part and manpower as an auxiliary part, and the size of the open trench is designed to be 25cm in width and 60cm in depth;
s12: building hidden pipe drainage, namely firstly carrying out paying-off measurement, checking and checking coordinates of a base point pile, burying a high-line pile after confirming that no error exists, then determining the position of each hidden pipe in a field block according to a design interval, burying a line control pile at the beginning end and the tail end of each hidden pipe line, and finally digging a groove deeply according to the design through the hidden pipe laying beginning end of an excavator to lay the hidden pipe;
s13: building vertical shaft drainage, namely firstly excavating a vertical shaft through mechanical equipment, then paving an EVA waterproof board, and finally pouring concrete, wherein the diameter of the vertical shaft is designed to be 2m, the depth of the vertical shaft is 36m, the vertical shaft is a permanent drainage vertical shaft, a reinforced lining section is 23.5m, a common lining section is 11.5m, and a shaft opening locking end is 1 m;
s2: irrigating with saline water;
s21: preparing a soil conditioner, wherein the soil conditioner comprises the components of calcium superphosphate, calcium nitrate, fulvic acid, polyvinyl alcohol and allylamine;
s22: mixing a regulator, namely mixing common water and the regulator, stirring by using a special mixing device, and simultaneously adding ammonium sulfate (containing 20-21% of nitrogen) into the mixture for mixing;
s23: the mixed regulator is sprayed through a pipeline and a spray head, and a special watering cart can be used for spraying, and soil layer structures are broken through deep soil turning before spraying.
The open ditch drainage system has the main functions of collecting redundant storm runoff of a farmland under the action of gravity and infiltrating the periphery of the drainage ditch according to the water level difference between the surface water or the underground water and the water in the drainage ditch, sucking soil water and underground water, converging the soil water and the underground water step by step and conveying the soil water and the underground water to a drainage containing area;
through the drainage technical measure of removing the excessive moisture in the field soil through the concealed pipe, the excessive moisture in the soil can be drained from the concealed pipe joint or the water filtering micropore of the pipe wall and seeped into the pipe, and the effects of controlling the underground water level, adjusting the soil moisture and improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil are achieved;
the technical measures of controlling the underground water level by draining water through a vertical shaft. Drainage of the vertical shaft can form regional large-area underground water level reduction, so that secondary salinization of irrigated land is prevented;
and the underground water level is reduced through the irrigation of the salt water, the underground storage capacity is vacated, the storage of the surface water in the rainwater and non-irrigation periods is facilitated, waterlogging and saline-alkali disasters are prevented and treated, and the underground water desalination is promoted.
In the step S11, the water seepage holes on the wall of the dug ditch are rectangular grooves, one row of water seepage holes is arranged, the distance between the water seepage holes is 30cm up and down and 50 cm to 100 cm left and right, the slope of 10% of the power is required to be made, and the longitudinal slope of the groove is not less than 2%.
Free water is prevented from permeating into the groove from the side wall of the groove and the bottom of the groove under the action of hydraulic slope descending through the groove, so that the soil body on the inner wall of the groove collapses to cause the bearing capacity of the foundation to be reduced.
In the step S11, earth excavation starts to carry out balanced excavation from one end of the foundation pit, the earth excavation is carried out in a parallel mode, strip excavation is avoided, the arm length performance of the excavator is fully utilized to enable the parking surface and the dump truck parking point to be far away from the excavation surface, the elevation of the bottom of the mechanical earth excavation tank needs to be 20cm-30cm higher than the designed elevation, and manual cleaning is matched.
By reducing construction load, the broken stones are conveyed in a dispersed manner, so that a channel in the foundation pit is avoided being formed, the same part is prevented from being loaded for a long time, the pile foundation is constructed by squeezing soil to shift, the construction time is short, and the method is very favorable for reducing the creep deformation of the foundation pit soil body and forming a hard shell fixing pile position as soon as possible.
In the step S12, the buried underground pipe includes a water suction pipe and a water collection pipe, the pipe lines are arranged in a plane parallel to each other, the included angle between the pipe lines and the flow direction of the groundwater is not less than 45 degrees, the water collection pipe or the open trench is arranged along the slope direction of the ground and the included angle between the pipe lines of the water suction pipe is not less than 35 degrees, and the water collection and drainage are smooth. The distance between the head end of each stage of drainage concealed pipe and the corresponding upper stage irrigation channel is not less than 3.5 m.
The drainage pipe is generally tile pipe, pottery clay pipe, concrete product and asbestos pipe, and various shapes of plastic pipes with the advantages of corrosion resistance, high strength, light weight, low cost, good longitudinal flexibility, simple rolling and transportation, and easy mechanical burying are widely used at present.
In the step S12, the wound corrugated pipe may be directly placed in the trench to backfill the earth in the excavated pipe trench, and both the trench excavation and the pipe laying are performed by using a machine, and only the backfill earth is performed by using a manual method.
When backfilling, a backfiller higher than the ground uses mechanical stone to prevent water and soil loss caused by water flow through the non-sunk grooves from blocking the pipeline.
In the step S13, the waterproof board is laid by using a nail-free hole, and then the waterproof board is installed on the gasket by using a special double-seam hot-melt welding machine at a predetermined temperature and speed.
Avoid producing the gap on the waterproof board, avoid the water seepage in the shaft.
In step S21, the calcium superphosphate is 35%, the calcium sulfate is 18%, the brown humic acid is 22%, the polyethylene acid is 15%, and the allylamine is 10%.
During the preparation process, the proportion of various components can be finely adjusted according to the acidity and alkalinity of the actual soil, and the content generally cannot exceed 2 percent of the proportion nor be less than 3 percent of the proportion.
In the step S22, 1L of water is used for mixing every 5g of the regulator, and the mixture is heated to 60-70 ℃ for mixing and stirring for 10min, and then ammonium sulfate is added for mixing for 15 min.
In the process of mixing and accelerating the mixing between 60 and 70 degrees, the nitrogen content is improved by adding ammonium sulfate, so that the soil in the high-altitude area is conveniently supplemented with fertilizer, and the ammonium sulfate can be optionally not added in the plain area.
In the step S23, the spraying to the soil can be performed by alternately spraying the normal water and the mixed water added with the regulator, the time interval between any two spraying should be more than 10 days, and the spraying amount per square kilometer needs to be more than 10L when the mixed water is sprayed.
The common water and the regulator are mixed and sprayed, so that the stress generated by the over-neutralization of the soil is avoided, and the soil is provided with enough cultivation time.
In step S23, soil deep-ploughing is preferably performed in combination with the rotary cultivator digging the field, and the deep-ploughing depth should be greater than 40 cm.
The soil is deeply turned through mechanical equipment, the irrigation depth of the salt water during salt water irrigation is improved, and the salt-removing capacity is improved.
Compared with the related technology, the method for repairing and improving the salinized soil in the high-altitude area has the following beneficial effects:
through open drain drainage, hidden pipe drainage and shaft drainage, the shaft drainage is low in price, do not take up an area of, the water yield is big, water quality is good, control regulation nature ground water level is nimble, maintenance work is few, simultaneously can combine together with the irrigation again, salt content in the soil can be increased in the salt water irrigation though, nevertheless can increase soil humidity, reduce the concentration in the soil solution, irrigation produces unnecessary moisture and can also be through by open drain drainage, hidden pipe drainage and shaft drainage, the drainage system that the shaft drainage is constituteed discharges, the problem of convenient high-efficient quick solution high altitude area salinization restores soil.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for repairing and improving the salinized soil in the high-altitude area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: establishing a drainage system;
s11: establishing open trench drainage, wherein the geology needs to be surveyed firstly, the open trench drainage mainly comprises a plain fill layer, miscellaneous fill and a marine sedimentary layer within a surveying depth range, earthwork excavation is carried out after the surveying is finished and drawing design is carried out, the open trench is excavated by adopting an excavation method with machinery as a main part and manpower as an auxiliary part, and the size of the open trench is designed to be 25cm in width and 60cm in depth;
s12: building hidden pipe drainage, namely firstly carrying out paying-off measurement, checking and checking coordinates of a base point pile, burying a high-line pile after confirming that no error exists, then determining the position of each hidden pipe in a field block according to a design interval, burying a line control pile at the beginning end and the tail end of each hidden pipe line, and finally digging a groove deeply according to the design through the hidden pipe laying beginning end of an excavator to lay the hidden pipe;
s13: building vertical shaft drainage, namely firstly excavating a vertical shaft through mechanical equipment, then paving an EVA waterproof board, and finally pouring concrete, wherein the diameter of the vertical shaft is designed to be 2m, the depth of the vertical shaft is 36m, the vertical shaft is a permanent drainage vertical shaft, a reinforced lining section is 23.5m, a common lining section is 11.5m, and a shaft opening locking end is 1 m;
s2: irrigating with saline water;
s21: preparing a soil conditioner, wherein the soil conditioner comprises the components of calcium superphosphate, calcium nitrate, fulvic acid, polyvinyl alcohol and allylamine;
s22: mixing a regulator, namely mixing common water and the regulator, stirring by using a special mixing device, and simultaneously adding ammonium sulfate (containing 20-21% of nitrogen) into the mixture for mixing;
s23: the mixed regulator is sprayed through a pipeline and a spray head, and a special watering cart can be used for spraying, and soil layer structures are broken through deep soil turning before spraying.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S11, the water seepage holes on the wall of the dug ditch are rectangular ditches, one row of water seepage holes are arranged, the distance between the water seepage holes is 30cm up and down, 50 cm to 100 cm left and right, the power is inclined to a gradient of 10%, and the longitudinal slope of the ditch is not less than 2%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S11, the earthwork excavation is performed by balanced excavation from one end of the foundation pit, parallel propulsion is performed to avoid strip excavation, and the arm length of the excavator is fully utilized to keep the parking surface and the dump truck parking point away from the excavation surface, and the elevation of the bottom of the mechanical earthwork excavation tank is 20-30 cm higher than the designed elevation and is matched with manual cleaning.
4. The method for restoring and improving salinized soil in high altitude area according to claim 1, wherein in step S12, the buried underground pipes comprise a water suction pipe and a water collection pipe, the pipelines are preferably arranged in parallel, the included angle between the pipelines and the flowing direction of groundwater is not less than 45 degrees, and the included angle between the water collection pipe or the open trench and the pipeline of the water suction pipe is not less than 35 degrees.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S12, the wound corrugated pipe is directly placed into the trench to backfill the earthwork in the trench, and both trench digging and pipe laying are performed by using machines.
6. The method for restoring and improving the salinized soil in the high altitude area according to claim 1, wherein in the step S13, the waterproof board is laid without nail holes, and then the waterproof board is welded on the washer by a special double-slit hot melt welding machine with a preset installation temperature and speed.
7. The method for restoring and improving saline soil in high altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein in step S21, calcium superphosphate is 35%, calcium sulfate is 18%, brown humic acid is 22%, polyethylene acid is 15%, and allylamine is 10%.
8. The method for restoring and improving the saline soil in the high altitude area according to claim 1, wherein in the step S22, 1L of water is used for mixing every 5g of the conditioning agent, and the mixture is heated to 60-70 ℃ for mixing and stirring for 10min, and then ammonium sulfate is added for mixing for 15 min.
9. The method for restoring and improving the saline soil in the high altitude area as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S23, the spraying to the soil can be performed by alternately spraying normal water and mixed water added with a regulator, the time interval between any two spraying is greater than 10 days, and the spraying amount per square kilometer is greater than 10L when the mixed water is sprayed.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S23 is carried out by deep ploughing the soil with a rotary cultivator, wherein the depth of deep ploughing is greater than 40 cm.
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