CN102060590A - Special fertilizer for Laiyang pear as well as preparation and application thereof - Google Patents
Special fertilizer for Laiyang pear as well as preparation and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a special fertilizer for Laiyang pear, and the special fertilizer is prepared by precisely compounding the hydrolysate of by-product oil sludges in an oil pressing factory with inorganic chemical manure urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate as well as microelement zinc sulfate and boric acid. The fertilizer is specially suitable for the soil condition of Laiyang pear fields and is beneficial to increasing the output and quality of the Laiyang pear.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dedicated fertilizer and preparation method thereof, the enzyme liberating product and the inorganic fertilizer that are particularly related to the byproduct dregs of fat that utilize the oil pressing factory cooperate Laiyang Chi pears organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special material of producing and preparation method thereof, belong to the compound organic and inorganic fertilizer production technical field.
Background technology
Laiyang Chi pears sugar degree is up to 9.76%, and is higher by 2～3% than general pears, and contains various organic acids, vitamins and other nutritious components.The fresh fruits that Laiyang Chi pears are still delicious can also be processed into that pears are done, preserved pears, pears sauce, canned pear etc., can be used for again wine brewing, make vinegar.In addition, it also has clearing lung-heat, reduces phlegm, the effect of cough-relieving, and " Laiyang pear paste ", " cough syrup " made of its are the good medicine of treatment bronchitis, cough due to common cold.Chi pears plantation in Laiyang is with a long history, originate from 400 according to legend surplus year before.Through secular cultivation, mu surplus Chi pears present cultivated area in Laiyang has developed into 25000, more than 50 ten thousand in pear tree, average annual output is about 2,500 ten thousand kilograms.
Laiyang City is positioned at basin, hills area, Shandong Peninsula middle part, and Laiyang Chi pears are mainly cultivated on the aeolian sandy soil and chiltern river moisture soil in area, sandy beach, two sides along the river.Deep sandy soil layer, ventilating permeable is good, and the soil day and night temperature is big, and heat, the gas of soil are with favourable conditions, and these factors are the colory important foundations of Laiyang Chi pears.Last century 50, Laiyang Chi pears were mainly used organic fertilizer such as soya-bean cake and farmyard manure to the sixties, and the quality of pears was higher at that time, but yielded poorly.Along with generally using of chemical fertilizer, the output of pears significantly improves, but quality descends to some extent.Major cause is that soil nutrient has lost balance.The overall survey of soil is the result show, Laiyang City 11 aeolian sandy soil Chis theatre and 18 moisture soil Chi theatre 0-20 centimetre soil organism have only 3.8g/kg and 4.08g/kg respectively, significantly are lower than the general soil level; Trace element zinc and boron content also are in the shortage scope.
CN 100375734C (200610134183.1) discloses a kind of dedicated fertilizer for ' nanguo ' pear.This fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight parts ratio: inorganic material has urea 100-300 part, sulphur ammonium 100-300 part, diammonium phosphate 50-100 part, monoammonium phosphate 50-100 part, vitriolate of tartar 100-200 part; Organic materials has the fertile 200-400 part of beans, humic acid 100-300 part, micronutrient boron, iron, zinc, manganese 60-80 part, rare earth 20-30 part.This fertilizer is the dedicated fertilizer of developing at the nutritive property of Nanguo Pear, can make the pear tree leaf big, and color and luster is dark, fruit color, mouthfeel are good, the output height.But it is not strong to Laiyang Chi pears specific aim.At first, it does not relate to edaphic condition, and is poor to the soil specific aim in Chi pears producing region, Laiyang; Secondly, its nutritive element proportioning is the nutrient demand at Nanguo Pear, with the nutritional needs of Laiyang Chi pears certain gap is arranged.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of Laiyang Chi pears dedicated fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
The present invention also provides the application method of Laiyang Chi pears dedicated fertilizer.
The present invention utilizes the enzyme liberating product of the byproduct dregs of fat of oil pressing factory, is equipped with rational inorganic fertilizer and trace element again and makes dedicated fertilizer, is particularly suitable for the edaphic condition in the Chi pears place of production, Laiyang, guarantees Laiyang Chi pears high yield, high-quality.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Laiyang Chi pears are special-purpose fertile, are to be made by following mass parts raw material:
400～550 parts of the enzymolysis dregs of fat,
120～180 parts in urea,
140～180 parts of monoammonium phosphates,
180～230 parts of vitriolate of tartar,
4～6 parts in zinc sulfate,
2～5 parts of boric acid.
The described enzymolysis dregs of fat make according to the following steps:
A, prepare fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid respectively by prior art and conciliate the inferior sieve yeast fermentation broth of fat, bacterial classification: subtilis 10210, separate the inferior sieve yeast 1444 of fat; By mass parts, get 100～150 parts of fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid making, separate the inferior sieve yeast fermentation broth of fat and add in 1000 parts of dregs of fat for 100～150 parts, regulate moisture content 45～55wt%, pH 6.5～7.0, fully mixing is controlled 35 ℃～40 ℃ of material temperature, places 6～8 hours; Feed steam, timing when temperature rises to 100 ℃ kept 25～35 minutes.
B, prepare geotrichum candidum fermented liquid and plant lactobacillus fermented liquid respectively by prior art, bacterial classification: geotrichum candidum 31418, plant lactobacillus 6026; By mass parts, get 80～110 parts of the geotrichum candidum fermented liquids, 90～120 parts of the plant lactobacillus fermented liquids that make, join in the material that steps A makes, regulate moisture content 45～50wt%, pH 7.5～8.0, fully mixing, 35 ℃～40 ℃ of control material temperature were placed 4～6 hours; Dry or dry to moisture content less than 20wt%, the Powdered enzymolysis dregs of fat.
The described dregs of fat are that the plant oil pressing factory utilizes squeezing process that raw material is pushed, comes unstuck and produce remaining residue behind the edible oil, comprise soya-bean oil slag, the peanut dregs of fat, the cottonseed dregs of fat or the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of fat, can select one of them for use, use also capable of being combined.The combination of the preferred soya-bean oil slag and the peanut dregs of fat.
Preferably, Laiyang of the present invention Chi pears are special-purpose fertile, are to be made by following mass parts raw material:
480～520 parts of the enzymolysis dregs of fat,
140～145 parts in urea,
145～155 parts of monoammonium phosphates,
190～210 parts of vitriolate of tartar,
4.5～5.5 parts in zinc sulfate,
2.5～3.5 parts of boric acid.
The special-purpose fertile preparation method of Laiyang Chi pears that the present invention is above-mentioned comprises the preparation and the special-purpose fertile preparation of Laiyang Chi pears of the raw material enzymolysis dregs of fat, and step is as follows:
(1) preparation of the enzymolysis dregs of fat
1. prepare fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid by prior art and conciliate the inferior sieve yeast fermentation broth of fat, bacterial classification: subtilis 10210, separate the inferior sieve yeast 1444 of fat.By mass parts, get 100～150 parts of fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid making, separate the inferior sieve yeast fermentation broth of fat and add in 1000 parts of dregs of fat for 100～150 parts, regulate moisture content 45～55wt%, pH 6.5～7.0, fully mixing is controlled 35 ℃～40 ℃ of material temperature, places 6～8 hours; Feed steam, timing when temperature rises to 100 ℃ kept 25～35 minutes.Standby.
2. prepare geotrichum candidum fermented liquid and plant lactobacillus fermented liquid by prior art, bacterial classification: geotrichum candidum 31418, plant lactobacillus 6026.By mass parts, get 80～110 parts of the geotrichum candidum fermented liquids, 90～120 parts of the plant lactobacillus fermented liquids that make, join in the dregs of fat after 1. step is handled, regulate moisture content 45～50wt%, pH 7.5～8.0, fully mixing, 35 ℃～40 ℃ of control material temperature were placed 4～6 hours; Dry or dry to moisture content less than 20wt%, the Powdered enzymolysis dregs of fat.
(2) get the enzymolysis dregs of fat, urea, monoammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, zinc sulfate, boric acid by prescription, mix, granulation gets the special-purpose fertilizer product of Laiyang Chi pears.
Granulation described in the above step (2) is carried out according to a conventional method.
The present invention is with the preferred version of the enzymolysis dregs of fat preparation method among the embodiment 1 as the preparation of the enzymolysis dregs of fat.
The application of Laiyang of the present invention Chi pears dedicated fertilizer by the rate of fertilizer application of every bearing tree 10-20kg or every treelet 5-10kg, was all used behind the fruit harvesting at last 1 year.Application process is to be the radial ditch that digs 4～8 long 20～60cm, wide 15～25cm, dark 20～40cm from trunk 20～35cm place, and fertilising back earthing waters.
Excellent results of the present invention is as follows:
1. the nutrient proportioning is fit to Chi pears producing region, Laiyang soil
Chi pears producing region, Laiyang soil is based on aeolian sandy soil and river moisture soil, and grittiness is big, and keeping fertility is poor, and the content of all kinds of nutrients is all lower, especially lacks the most with macronutrient potassium and trace element zinc and boron.The special-purpose fertilizer of the present invention is special rich at the nutrient of Chi pears producing region, Laiyang soil, scarce situation, and forms in conjunction with the nutrient demand rule configuration of Chi pears, and the nutrient reasonable ratio is with strong points.
2. improve Laiyang Chi pears quality
The special-purpose fertile organic moiety of the present invention contains rich in amino acid and bioactive ingredients, nutrition not only is provided, can also improves the resistance of pear tree, in addition the balance supply of nutrient, sugar content, the VITAMIN of Laiyang Chi pears are obviously improved, and outward appearance, mouthfeel also make moderate progress.
3. organic-inorganic combination improves Chi pears producing region, Laiyang soil fertility
Chi pears producing region, Laiyang soil organic matter content is low, and soil fertility is not high, incompatibility high yield, fine requirement.Chi pears special-purpose fertile high-quality fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer of adopting in Laiyang cooperates, and long-term application is obviously increase soil fertility, and guarantees Laiyang Chi pears high yield, stable yields, high-quality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is effectively a boron and the effectively rich scarce situation of zinc in the soil of Chi pears producing region, Laiyang.1,3 is respectively effective boron, zn deficiencie threshold value in the soil in the X-coordinate, and 2,4 is respectively effective boron, zinc mean value in the MAIN SOILS of Chi pears producing region, Laiyang.Ordinate zou be effective boron, zinc numerical value (unit: mg/kg).
Fig. 2 is Chi pears producing region, Laiyang soil with organic matter content and Shandong Province's soil mean value comparison diagram.1 is Shandong Province's MAIN SOILS in the X-coordinate, the 2nd, and the aeolian sandy soil of one of Laiyang Chi pears main product soil, the 3rd, the river moisture soil of one of Laiyang Chi pears main product soil.Ordinate zou is an organic content (unit: g/kg).
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, but be not limited thereto.
The dregs of fat are the soya-bean oil slag and the peanut dregs of fat of Shandong wide life limited-liability company, and both mass ratioes are 2: 1.
Bacterial classification used among the embodiment is: subtilis (Bacillus Subtilis) Chinese industrial microbial preservation administrative center bacterial classification catalog number 10210, separate inferior sieve yeast (Yarrowia lipolytica) the Chinese industrial microbial preservation of fat administrative center bacterial classification catalog number 1444, geotrichum candidum (Geotrichum candidum) Chinese industrial microbial preservation administrative center bacterial classification catalog number 31418, plant lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum) Chinese industrial microbial preservation administrative center bacterial classification catalog number 6026, Chinese industrial microbial strains preservation administrative center buys.
Urea, monoammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, zinc sulfate, boric acid are the commercially available prod.
Raw material consumption umber among the embodiment is mass parts, and all per-cents are mass percent.
Embodiment 1: Laiyang Chi pears are special-purpose fertile, and the material component mass parts is as follows:
Enzymolysis dregs of fat 500kg,
Urea 142kg,
Monoammonium phosphate 150kg,
Vitriolate of tartar 200kg,
Zinc sulfate 5kg,
Boric acid 3kg.
Preparation method's step is as follows:
1) preparation fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid
Remove skin potato 200g, adding water 1000g boiled 20 minutes, filtered through gauze, the filtrate 1000g that keeps the skin wet adds glucose 15g again, peptone 2g, be heated to all the components and dissolve, sterilization is 30 minutes under 0.11 MPa pressure, is prepared into liquid nutrient medium, 28 ℃, 180 rev/mins the subtilis 10210 after activating in the bottle of shaking, cultivated 2 days; Inoculum size with 2wt% changes in the fermentor tank that culture medium prescription is potato 200kg, glucose 8kg, dregs of fat 30kg, water 1000kg again, cultivates 4 days for 28 ℃, gets fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid.
2) preparation method who separates the inferior sieve yeast fermentation broth of fat is with fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid, and different is to insert to separate the inferior sieve yeast of fat 1444 bacterial classifications.
3) preparation geotrichum candidum fermented liquid:
Remove skin potato 200g, wheat bran 20g adds water 1000g, boils 20 minutes, filtered through gauze, the filtrate 1000g that keeps the skin wet adds glucose 15g, and heating is dissolved, sterilization is 30 minutes under 0.11 MPa pressure, make liquid nutrient medium, insert geotrichum candidum 31418 bacterial classifications after activating, cultivated 2 days 28 ℃, 180 rev/mins shake in the bottle; Change in the fermentor tank (substratum with shake bottle in identical) over to the inoculum size of 1.5wt% again, cultivated 5 days for 28 ℃, the geotrichum candidum fermented liquid.
4) preparation plant lactobacillus fermented liquid:
Remove skin potato 200g, wheat bran 20, add water 1000g, boiled 20 minutes, filtered through gauze, the filtrate 1000g that keeps the skin wet adds glucose 20g, peptone 2g, is heated to all the components and dissolves, sterilization is 30 minutes under 0.11 MPa pressure, get liquid nutrient medium, insert plant lactobacillus 6026 bacterial classifications after activating, cultivated 2 days 30 ℃, 180 rev/mins shake in the bottle.Change in the fermentor tank (substratum with shake bottle in identical) over to the inoculum size of 1.5wt% again, 30 ℃ of fermentation culture 3 days, the plant lactobacillus fermented liquid.
5) get fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid 120kg, separate the inferior sieve yeast fermentation broth of fat 130kg and join in the 1000kg dregs of fat, regulate moisture content 53wt%, pH 6.8, abundant mixing, 39 ℃ of control material temperature were placed 7 hours.
6) feed steam in the dregs of fat of step 5) preparation, timing when temperature rises to 100 ℃ kept 25 minutes.
7) get in the cooled dregs of fat that geotrichum candidum fermented liquid 90kg, plant lactobacillus fermented liquid 110kg join step 6) preparation, regulate moisture content 48wt%, pH 7.7, abundant mixing, and 39 ℃ of control material temperature were placed 5 hours.
8) the fermentation material that step 7) is made dry to moisture content less than 20wt%, the Powdered enzymolysis dregs of fat.
9) get the enzymolysis dregs of fat, urea, monoammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, zinc sulfate, boric acid by prescription, mix, carry out granulation according to a conventional method, get product.
Embodiment 2: Laiyang Chi pears are special-purpose fertile, and the material component mass parts is as follows:
Enzymolysis dregs of fat 550kg,
Urea 124kg,
Monoammonium phosphate 140kg,
Vitriolate of tartar 180kg,
Zinc sulfate 4kg,
Boric acid 2kg.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3: Laiyang Chi pears are special-purpose fertile, and the material component mass parts is as follows:
Enzymolysis dregs of fat 450kg,
Urea 160kg,
Monoammonium phosphate 170kg,
Vitriolate of tartar 211kg,
Zinc sulfate 5kg,
Boric acid 4kg.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4: Laiyang Chi pears are special-purpose fertile, and the material component mass parts is as follows:
Enzymolysis dregs of fat 400kg,
Urea 180kg,
Monoammonium phosphate 179kg,
Vitriolate of tartar 230kg,
Zinc sulfate 6kg,
Boric acid 5kg.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
The land for growing field crops manure trial:
Test site: Shandong Province's Laiyang City, kind: Laiyang Chi pears, the age of tree 8 years.
Test period: year September in October, 2009 to 2010.
Contrast fertilizer: common composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, Shandong Guangda Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd. produces, organic content 23%, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total nutrient 16%.
Embodiment 1-4's is special-purpose fertile identical with the Comparative Examples fertilizer amount, and every tree 15kg all used behind the fruit harvesting at last 1 year.Application process is to be the radial ditch that digs 6 long 50cm, wide 20cm, dark 25cm from trunk 25cm place, and fertilising back earthing waters.
Table 1. fertilizer application effect
Claims (5)
1. Chi pears in Laiyang are special-purpose fertile, it is characterized in that it being to be made by following mass parts raw material:
400～550 parts of the enzymolysis dregs of fat,
120～180 parts in urea,
140～180 parts of monoammonium phosphates,
180～230 parts of vitriolate of tartar,
4～6 parts in zinc sulfate,
2～5 parts of boric acid;
The described enzymolysis dregs of fat are to make according to the following steps:
A. prepare fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid respectively by prior art and conciliate the inferior sieve yeast fermentation broth of fat, bacterial classification: subtilis 10210, separate the inferior sieve yeast 1444 of fat; By mass parts, get 100～150 parts of fermentation of bacillus subtilis liquid making, separate the inferior sieve yeast fermentation broth of fat and add in 1000 parts of dregs of fat for 100～150 parts, regulate moisture content 45～55wt%, pH 6.5～7.0, fully mixing is controlled 35 ℃～40 ℃ of material temperature, places 6～8 hours; Feed steam, timing when temperature rises to 100 ℃ kept 25～35 minutes;
B. prepare geotrichum candidum fermented liquid and plant lactobacillus fermented liquid respectively by prior art, bacterial classification: geotrichum candidum 31418, plant lactobacillus 6026; By mass parts, get 80～110 parts of the geotrichum candidum fermented liquids, 90～120 parts of the plant lactobacillus fermented liquids that make, join in the material that steps A makes, regulate moisture content 45～50wt%, pH 7.5～8.0, fully mixing, 35 ℃～40 ℃ of control material temperature were placed 4～6 hours; Dry or dry to moisture content less than 20wt%, the Powdered enzymolysis dregs of fat.
2. Laiyang as claimed in claim 1 Chi pears are special-purpose fertile, it is characterized in that the described dregs of fat are one of soya-bean oil slag, the peanut dregs of fat, the cottonseed dregs of fat or Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of fat or combination.
3. Laiyang as claimed in claim 1 Chi pears are special-purpose fertile, it is characterized in that it being to be made by following mass parts raw material:
480～520 parts of the enzymolysis dregs of fat,
140～145 parts in urea,
145～155 parts of monoammonium phosphates,
190～210 parts of vitriolate of tartar,
4.5～5.5 parts in zinc sulfate,
2.5～3.5 parts of boric acid.
4. the application of each described Laiyang Chi pears dedicated fertilizer of claim 1～3 by the rate of fertilizer application of every bearing tree 10～20kg or every treelet 5～10kg, was used behind the fruit harvesting at last 1 year.
5. as the application of described Laiyang of claim 4 Chi pears dedicated fertilizer, it is characterized in that application process is to be the radial ditch that digs 4～8 long 20～60cm, wide 15～25cm, dark 20～40cm from trunk 20～35cm place, fertilising back earthing waters.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102503717A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-06-20 | 山东光大肥业科技有限公司 | Special organic and inorganic compound fertilizer for safflower, as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102503605A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-06-20 | 山东光大肥业科技有限公司 | Biological organic fertilizer specially used for carthamus tinctorious L. and preparation method thereof |
| CN102992843A (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2013-03-27 | 陈卫文 | Compound fertilizer suitable for pear cultivation in high-fertility districts |
| CN103755444A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-30 | 当涂县科辉商贸有限公司 | Special formulated fertilizer for pear trees and preparation method thereof |
| CN104591888A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-05-06 | 新疆光合元生物科技有限公司 | Method for preventing and treating fragrant pear rot, preparation thereof and production method of preparation |
| CN105884504A (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2016-08-24 | 陈常印 | Humic acid water flush fertilizer |
| CN111713234A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2020-09-29 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Fertilizing method for young pear trees |
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| CN101182253A (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2008-05-21 | 郑文霞 | Method for making pear fertilizer |
| CN101863686A (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2010-10-20 | 山东光大肥业科技有限公司 | Method for preparing biodegradable oil residue fertilizer |
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- 2010-10-29 CN CN2010105257269A patent/CN102060590B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101182253A (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2008-05-21 | 郑文霞 | Method for making pear fertilizer |
| CN101863686A (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2010-10-20 | 山东光大肥业科技有限公司 | Method for preparing biodegradable oil residue fertilizer |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102503717A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-06-20 | 山东光大肥业科技有限公司 | Special organic and inorganic compound fertilizer for safflower, as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102503605A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-06-20 | 山东光大肥业科技有限公司 | Biological organic fertilizer specially used for carthamus tinctorious L. and preparation method thereof |
| CN102503717B (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-05-15 | 山东光大肥业科技有限公司 | Special organic and inorganic compound fertilizer for safflower, as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102992843A (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2013-03-27 | 陈卫文 | Compound fertilizer suitable for pear cultivation in high-fertility districts |
| CN103755444A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-30 | 当涂县科辉商贸有限公司 | Special formulated fertilizer for pear trees and preparation method thereof |
| CN104591888A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-05-06 | 新疆光合元生物科技有限公司 | Method for preventing and treating fragrant pear rot, preparation thereof and production method of preparation |
| CN105884504A (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2016-08-24 | 陈常印 | Humic acid water flush fertilizer |
| CN111713234A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2020-09-29 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Fertilizing method for young pear trees |
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