CN102007882B - Method for breeding high-quality penaeus vannamei boone parent shrimps - Google Patents

Method for breeding high-quality penaeus vannamei boone parent shrimps Download PDF

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CN102007882B
CN102007882B CN2010105940918A CN201010594091A CN102007882B CN 102007882 B CN102007882 B CN 102007882B CN 2010105940918 A CN2010105940918 A CN 2010105940918A CN 201010594091 A CN201010594091 A CN 201010594091A CN 102007882 B CN102007882 B CN 102007882B
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parent
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parent shrimp
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CN102007882A (en
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谢永全
钟帝球
钟伟才
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HUIDONG COUNTY XUNLIAO TOWN RUIDI BREEDING FACTORY
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HUIDONG COUNTY XUNLIAO TOWN RUIDI BREEDING FACTORY
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquiculture and discloses a method for breeding high-quality penaeus vannamei boone parent shrimps. The method comprises the following steps in turn: catching penaeus vannamei boone raw parent shrimps from natural sea areas; classifying and throwing the raw parent shrimps caught in different natural sea areas into different sealed breeding domestication pools; screening virus-free healthy raw parent shrimps; strengthening the raw parent shrimps; breeding parent shrimp seedlings; breeding the parent shrimps; and strengthening the parent shrimps at a later stage. The penaeus vannamei boone parent shrimps bred by the breeding method have the advantages that: (1) the shrimps do not have specific viruses, namely white spot syndrome virus, Taura syndrome virus, hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus and other viruses with severe harm to the growth of the shrimps; and (2) the growth speed and disease resistance are high, the raw shrimp germ line is good, and the produced parent shrimps grow faster than general shrimp seedlings in a stocking period, have higher disease resistance, high feed conversion ratio and high yield and survival rate.

Description

The mating system of high-quality Penaeus Vannmei parent shrimp
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture technology, be specifically related to the mating system of a kind of high-quality Penaeus Vannmei parent shrimp.
Background technology
Since the eighties in 20th century, the shrimp culture industry of coastal various countries, the world is flourish.Penaeus Vannmei has become one of three the highest seed shrimps of world today's cultured output with its meat flavour deliciousness, strong adaptability, the advantage such as growth is rapid and premunition is strong.Along with the large-scale development of shrimp culture industry, cultured area, cultivation intensity constantly increase, and the ecotope of cultivation constantly worsens, and disease also becomes increasingly conspicuous, wherein especially with virus disease for very.Since Couch in 1974 etc. have found the first prawn ' s virus (BP), at present the prawn ' s virus of report has reached 19 kinds of 7 sections in the world, comprising: inclusion body baculoviral, without inclusion body baculoviral, parvovirus, reovirus, irido virus, rhabdovirus etc.These virus diseases are also endangering Penaeus Vannmei, especially the communicable disease that causes of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), taura syndrome virus (TSV), yellow head virus (YHV) and infectious subcutaneous and blood forming organ IPNV (IHHNV) etc. has been widely current all over the world, becomes the bottleneck of this industry development of obstruction Penaeus Vannmei.
In the face of the swift and violent prawn virus disease of the oncoming force, the technical staff studies in many-side both at home and abroad, attempts to be controlled and solve.Introduce new breed variety, improve pond condition, strengthen food nutrition, use various antibiotic and control bacteriosis, use various beneficial microorganism water quality improvement chemicals, these technology play certain control action to the virus disease of prawn, but the viruliferous key issue of shrimp seedling itself is not resolved, and can not really solve the problem of prawn disease.Unique solution is to cultivate not to be with viral close shrimp, produces virus-free health young shrimp, and strictly seals, sterilizes at breeding process, carries out the healthy ecology cultivation.
High-quality parent shrimp need possess following primary condition: (1) is without specific virus: be the virus without serious harm shrimp-roe growth such as WSSV (white spot virus), TSV (Taura syndrome), IHHNV (subcutaneous and hematopoietic tissue necrosis is viral); (2) the quick premunition of growth is strong: kind is good seed shrimp, grows up fast than general shrimp seedling between breeding period, and stronger resistance against diseases is arranged, and strengthens the feed meat change rate, increases the harvest survival rate; (3) reach ripeness standard and young able-bodied: ripe seed shrimp is assert to grow up more than more than ten month, and surpasses five months campaign, if expired seed shrimp continues to produce, and the quality unfavorable cultivation that can descend.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the mating system of a kind of high-quality Penaeus Vannmei parent shrimp, the Penaeus Vannmei parent shrimp that breeds with the method have without specific virus, growth fast, the advantage such as premunition is strong.
The mating system of a kind of high-quality Penaeus Vannmei parent shrimp, step is followed successively by:
(a) fish for Penaeus Vannmei original seed parent shrimp from natural waters;
(b) will put on by classification in different closed culture domestication pools the original seed parent shrimp that different natural waterses is fished for;
(c) filter out energeticly, appetite is good, the original seed parent shrimp of physique stalwartness, and carry out virus and detect, screening is not with the close shrimp of the original seed of specific virus;
(d) the healthy original seed parent shrimp of the good high-quality of screening is transferred in closed culture breading protospecies pond, educates ripe feed enhancement original seed parent shrimp with the special-purpose seed shrimp with specific virus not;
(e) breeding of parent shrimp seedling: mating is between the egg-laying period, and breeding feed adopts the bait that there is no specific virus fully that detects by virus, simultaneously original seed parent shrimp is carried out whole process virus and detects monitoring;
(f) cultivation of close shrimp: when the larval culture of giving birth to when original seed parent shrimp becomes sub-shrimp, with sub-shrimp according to the natural waters classification cultivation at its close shrimp place in different airtight culturing pools, through ten months to 12 months airtight breeding process, complete anti-blocking Virus entry, omnidistance virus monitoring during cultivation, and the virus of going through more than ten times detects, and cultivation phase feed adopts fully through virus and detects not seed shrimp special feed with specific virus, and carries out strict figure and anti-emergent property testing;
(g) later stage of close shrimp strengthens: the close shrimp aquaculture later stage is not educated ripe feed enhancement parent shrimp with the special-purpose seed shrimp that detects through virus with specific virus, then detects and emergent test through the strict virus of final stage, and completes the cultivating process of close shrimp.
(the described specific virus of c~g) refers to WSSV (white spot virus) that the serious harm Penaeus Vannmei grows up, TSV (Taura syndrome), IHHNV (subcutaneous and hematopoietic tissue necrosis is viral) to step.
Step (c), (e), (f), (g) described virus to original seed parent shrimp or close shrimp detect and refer to use PCR virus checkout equipment, the gill section of extraction shrimp or the sufficient muscle of swimming extract DNA and RNA, for DNA and RNA nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction amplification, extremely can with the naked eye differentiate the Viral infection situation with ten thousand times of virus amplification to hundred, detection has or not specific virus.
(the described employing of d~g) is not after testing with the feed of specific virus for step, the method for detecting virus of feed is for using PCR virus checkout equipment, feed is ground extraction, for DNA and RNA nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction amplification,, detect and have or not specific virus to can with the naked eye differentiating the Viral infection situation with a virus amplification to ten thousand times.
step (c) is described filter out energetic, appetite is good, the standard of the screening of the original seed parent shrimp of physique stalwartness and the standard of the described figure's test screen of step f are: close shrimp body weight is interval at 36-46 grams, health does not have obvious scar, limbs are sound, gill section healthy (gill section be bacterium and cause of disease maximum positions), intestines and stomach full (this parent shrimp appetite of intermittent proof as not full in intestines and stomach and digest undesired), it is good that the excreta of parent shrimp is the strand shape, bodily form body colour is transparent evenly, essence folder and ovary are full, the essence folder should be white in color, as be black and prove that the smart body of this parent shrimp is dead essence.
Step (the cultivation that b~g) is used or breed the pond and all answer strict sterilization and personal management; The method of sterilization for liquid detergent with closed cultivation workshop and cultivate the pond and scrub and rinse with fresh water afterwards, again with the Betagen Solution of 1~3mg/L splash comprehensively sterilization after 15~25 minutes fresh water rinse and dry, full workshop sealing was afterwards used the quartz burner irradiation-sterilize 5~7 hours, used during quartz burner personnel to enter to avoid skin injured; Cultivate the workshop and cultivate vessel in the pond and after oxygen hose uses liquid detergent to clean, then with the Betagen Solution of 1~3mg/L drum bubble sterilization 5~7 hours, clean up with liquid detergent and be installed to after drying in the cultivation pond; Personal management is to carry out whole body sterilization (changing clothes clean work clothes, the plant operations of being allowed for access after trick is sterilized with thimerosal) before personnel operation.
Step (b~g) all will use the seawater of sterilizing, the process of seawater sterilization is as follows: filter 2 times-gravelstone rice pond filter 23 from water inlet-seawater cleaning pond, marine site purifying sea water-water tower type sand filter inferior, filter 4 times in the active carbon pond, cobblestone pond filter 23-Protein Skimmer separations-husky cylinder filter 23 time-12 efficient ultraviolet sterilizer sterilizations of pipe-husky cylinders filter 1 time-active carbon cylinder filter 2 times-water source introduction bacteria bed ecosystem revivification seawater.Whole process seawater sterilization pattern is to process seawater by physical property and biological principle, the dirt of the precipitable seawater of clarifier-tank wherein, sand filter and husky cylinder can filter bacterium, little chicken girt, active carbon, but cobblestone balance PH, bacteria bed can provide the useful parasitic decomposing harmful substances of microorganism to process and suppress growing of noxious bacteria.
The described bait of step (e) is algae, the sea sand worm, and squid, trace element, the input of every original seed parent shrimp calculating bait is moderate in standard take appetite.
(f~g) described anti-emergent property testing refers to pass through variations in temperature to step, it is individual that environmental change and salinity change seed selection high-quality parent shrimp, wherein, variations in temperature refers to temperature is adjusted in 18~32 ℃ of scopes up and down, tests close shrimp to the tolerance of low temperature and high temperature; Environmental change refers to close shrimp is rendered in other culturing pool, tests close shrimp to the adaptive capacity of environmental change; Salinity changes and to refer to fresh water or seawater salinity lifting between 0~32 degree of water body test close shrimp to the tolerance of salinity variation.Through the close shrimp that emergent property testing screens, physical function is better, and resistance is strong, and the physical function of the young that so close shrimp produces is also stronger accordingly.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
(1) of the present invention kind of shrimp species systems directly from natural waters fish for not with the original seed parent shrimp of pathogeny, the problems that the germplasm that not have many generation cultivation to cause is degenerated, not only energetic, and be not with cause of disease, guaranteed that close shrimp breeds the quality of the close shrimp of original seed at initial stage;
(2) the omnidistance airtight cultivation of the present invention, complete anti-blocking Virus entry, omnidistance virus monitoring during cultivation, and go through repeatedly virus detection, the virus that the close shrimp that is cultivated does not have the serious harm shrimp to grow up;
The kind of (3) breeding with mating system of the present invention is good close shrimp, grows up fast than general shrimp seedling between breeding period, and stronger resistance against diseases is arranged, and strengthens the feed meat change rate, increases the harvest survival rate;
(4) the present invention is not because provenance is with virus, and omnidistance virus detects, and the close shrimp that breeds does not have virus disease, does not therefore need administration of antibiotics or other chemicals, and the close shrimp of cultivating is ecological shrimp, and is best in quality.
Embodiment
For the ease of it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment
The mating system of a kind of high-quality Penaeus Vannmei parent shrimp, step is followed successively by:
(a) fish for Penaeus Vannmei original seed parent shrimp from natural waters.
(b) will put on by classification in different closed culture domestication pools the original seed parent shrimp that different natural waterses is fished for.
(c) filter out energeticly, appetite is good, the original seed parent shrimp of physique stalwartness, and carry out virus and detect, screening is not with the close shrimp of the original seed of specific virus.
(d) the healthy original seed parent shrimp of the good high-quality of screening is transferred in closed culture breading protospecies pond, educates ripe feed enhancement original seed parent shrimp with special-purpose seed shrimp.Strengthen close shrimp and can strengthen the young that close shrimp and close shrimp produce and the resistivity of sub-shrimp, close shrimp is in a large amount of muscle power of process need consumption of laying eggs simultaneously, if close shrimp does not have healthy strong physique, at the bottom of the young of output grows to the process resistance of sub-shrimp and poor quality.
(e) breeding of parent shrimp seedling: mating is between the egg-laying period, breeding bait adopts and not to be harmful to the bait of cause of disease fully by what virus detected, main bait is algae, the sea sand worm, squid, trace element, the input of every original seed parent shrimp calculating bait is moderate in standard take appetite, simultaneously original seed parent shrimp is carried out whole process virus and detects monitoring.
(f) cultivation of close shrimp: when the larval culture of giving birth to when original seed parent shrimp becomes sub-shrimp, with sub-shrimp according to the natural waters classification cultivation at its close shrimp place in different airtight culturing pools, through 12 months airtight breeding process, complete anti-blocking Virus entry, omnidistance virus monitoring during cultivation, and the virus of going through more than ten times detects, and cultivation phase bait adopts fully through virus and detects not seed shrimp special feed with specific virus, and carries out strict figure and anti-emergent property testing.The standard of figure's test screen and step c be described to be filtered out energeticly, and appetite is good, and the standard of the screening of the original seed parent shrimp of physique stalwartness is identical.The specific practice of anti-emergent property testing is that temperature is reduced to 18 ℃, tests close shrimp to the tolerance of low temperature; Close shrimp is rendered in other culturing pool, tested close shrimp to the adaptive capacity of environmental change; With fresh water, the salinity of water body is down to 0 degree and rises to 32 degree with seawater again, test the tolerance that close shrimp changes salinity.
(g) later stage of close shrimp strengthens: the close shrimp aquaculture later stage is not educated ripe feed enhancement parent shrimp with the special-purpose seed shrimp that detects through virus with specific virus, then detects and emergent test through the strict virus of final stage, and completes the cultivating process of close shrimp.
(the described specific virus of c~g) refers to WSSV (white spot virus) that the serious harm Penaeus Vannmei grows up, TSV (Taura syndrome), IHHNV (subcutaneous and hematopoietic tissue necrosis is viral) to step.
Step (c), (e), (f), (g) described virus to original seed parent shrimp or close shrimp detect and refer to use PCR virus checkout equipment, the gill section of extraction shrimp or the sufficient muscle of swimming extract DNA and RNA, for DNA and RNA nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction amplification, extremely can with the naked eye differentiate the Viral infection situation with ten thousand times of virus amplification to hundred, detection has or not specific virus.
(the described employing of d~g) is not after testing with the feed of specific virus for step, the method for detecting virus of feed is for using PCR virus checkout equipment, feed is ground extraction, for DNA and RNA nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction amplification, extremely can with the naked eye differentiate the Viral infection situation with ten thousand times of virus amplification to hundred, detection has or not specific virus.
step (c) is described filter out energetic, appetite is good, the standard of the screening of the original seed parent shrimp of physique stalwartness and the standard of the described figure's test screen of step f are: close shrimp body weight is interval at 36-46 grams, health does not have obvious scar, limbs are sound, gill section healthy (gill section be bacterium and cause of disease maximum positions), intestines and stomach full (this parent shrimp appetite of intermittent proof as not full in intestines and stomach and digest undesired), it is good that the excreta of parent shrimp is the strand shape, bodily form body colour is transparent evenly, essence folder and ovary are full, the essence folder should be white in color, as be black and prove that the smart body of this parent shrimp is dead essence.
Step (the cultivation that b~g) is used or breed the pond and all answer strict sterilization and personal management; The method of sterilization for liquid detergent with closed cultivation workshop and cultivate the pond and scrub and rinse with fresh water afterwards, again with the Betagen Solution of 2mg/L splash comprehensively sterilization after 20 minutes fresh water rinse and dry, full workshop sealing was afterwards used the quartz burner irradiation-sterilize 6 hours, used during quartz burner personnel to enter to avoid skin injured; Cultivate the workshop and cultivate vessel in the pond and after oxygen hose uses liquid detergent to clean, then with the Betagen Solution of 2mg/L drum bubble sterilization 6 hours, clean up with liquid detergent and be installed to after drying in the cultivation pond; Personal management refers to must carry out whole body sterilization (changing clothes clean work clothes, the plant operations of being allowed for access after trick is sterilized with thimerosal) before personnel operation.
Step (b~g) all will use the seawater of sterilizing, the process of seawater sterilization is as follows: filter 2 times-gravelstone rice pond filter 23 from water inlet-seawater cleaning pond, marine site purifying sea water-water tower type sand filter inferior, filter 4 times in the active carbon pond, cobblestone pond filter 23-Protein Skimmer separations-husky cylinder filter 23 time-12 efficient ultraviolet sterilizer sterilizations of pipe-husky cylinders filter 1 time-active carbon cylinder filter 2 times-water source introduction bacteria bed ecosystem revivification seawater.

Claims (8)

1. the mating system of high-quality Penaeus Vannmei parent shrimp, step is followed successively by:
(a) fish for Penaeus Vannmei original seed parent shrimp from natural waters;
(b) will put on by classification in different closed culture domestication pools the original seed parent shrimp that different natural waterses is fished for;
(c) filter out energeticly, appetite is good, the original seed parent shrimp of physique stalwartness, and carry out virus and detect, screening is not with the close shrimp of the original seed of specific virus;
(d) the healthy original seed parent shrimp of the good high-quality of screening is transferred in closed culture breading protospecies pond, educates ripe feed enhancement original seed parent shrimp with special-purpose seed shrimp;
(e) breeding of parent shrimp seedling: mating is between the egg-laying period, and breeding bait adopts the bait that there is no specific virus that detects by virus, simultaneously original seed parent shrimp is carried out whole process virus and detects monitoring;
(f) cultivation of close shrimp: when the young that gives birth to when original seed parent shrimp grows into sub-shrimp, with sub-shrimp according to the natural waters classification cultivation at its close shrimp place in different airtight culturing pools, through ten months to 12 months airtight breeding process, omnidistance virus monitoring during cultivation, and the virus of going through more than ten times detects, cultivation phase bait adopts fully through virus and detects not seed shrimp special feed with specific virus, and carries out strict figure and anti-emergent property testing;
(g) later stage of close shrimp strengthens: the close shrimp aquaculture later stage is not educated ripe feed enhancement parent shrimp with the special-purpose seed shrimp that detects through virus with specific virus, then detects and anti-emergent property testing through the strict virus of final stage, and completes the cultivating process of close shrimp;
Described high-quality Penaeus Vannmei parent shrimp need possess following primary condition:
(1) without specific virus: be without any one of the virus of white spot virus, Taura syndrome, the subcutaneous and viral three kinds of serious harm shrimp-roes of hematopoietic tissue necrosis growth;
(2) the quick premunition of growth is strong: kind is good seed shrimp, grows up fast than general shrimp seedling between breeding period, and stronger resistance against diseases is arranged, and strengthens the feed meat change rate, increases the harvest survival rate;
(3) reach ripeness standard and young able-bodied: ripe seed shrimp is assert to grow up more than more than ten month, and surpasses five months campaign, if expired seed shrimp continues to produce, and the quality unfavorable cultivation that can descend.
2. the mating system of a kind of high-quality Penaeus Vannmei parent shrimp according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (c), (e), (f), (g) described virus to original seed parent shrimp or close shrimp detect and refer to use PCR virus checkout equipment, the gill section of extraction shrimp or the sufficient muscle of swimming extract DNA and RNA, for DNA and RNA nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction amplification, extremely can with the naked eye differentiate the Viral infection situation with ten thousand times of virus amplification to hundred, detection has or not specific virus.
3. the mating system of a kind of high-quality Penaeus Vannmei parent shrimp according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: (the described employing of d~g) is not after testing with the feed of specific virus for step, the method for detecting virus of feed is for using PCR virus checkout equipment, feed is ground extraction, for DNA and RNA nucleic acid polymerase chain reaction amplification, extremely can with the naked eye differentiate the Viral infection situation with ten thousand times of virus amplification to hundred, detection has or not specific virus.
4. the mating system of a kind of high-quality Penaeus Vannmei parent shrimp according to claim 1, it is characterized in that step (c) is described filters out energeticly, and appetite is good, and the standard that the standard of the screening of the original seed parent shrimp of physique stalwartness and step f carry out figure's test is: close shrimp body weight is interval at 36-46 grams, health does not have obvious scar, limbs are sound, and gill section is healthy, and intestines and stomach is full, it is good that the excreta of parent shrimp is the strand shape, bodily form body colour is transparent evenly, and essence folder and ovary are full, and the essence folder is white in color.
5. the mating system of a kind of high-quality Penaeus Vannmei parent shrimp according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the step (cultivation that b~g) is used or cultivate the pond and all answer strict sterilization and personal management, the method of sterilization for liquid detergent with closed cultivation workshop and cultivate the pond and scrub and rinse with fresh water afterwards, again with the Betagen Solution of 1~3mg/L splash comprehensively sterilization after 15~25 minutes fresh water rinse and dry, full workshop sealing was afterwards used the quartz burner irradiation-sterilize 5~7 hours, used during quartz burner personnel to enter to avoid skin injured; Cultivate the workshop and cultivate vessel in the pond and after oxygen hose uses liquid detergent to clean, then with the Betagen Solution of 1~3mg/L drum bubble sterilization 5~7 hours, clean up with liquid detergent and be installed to after drying in the cultivation pond; Personal management is must change clothes clean work clothes before personnel operation, the plant operations of being allowed for access after trick is sterilized with thimerosal.
6. the mating system of a kind of high-quality Penaeus Vannmei parent shrimp according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described anti-emergent property testing of step (f, g) refers to by variations in temperature, and it is individual that environmental change and salinity change seed selection high-quality parent shrimp.
7. the mating system of a kind of high-quality Penaeus Vannmei parent shrimp according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (b~g) all will use the seawater of sterilizing, the process of seawater sterilization is as follows: filter 2 times-gravelstone rice pond filter 23 from water inlet-seawater cleaning pond, marine site purifying sea water-water tower type sand filter inferior, filter 4 times in the active carbon pond, cobblestone pond filter 23-Protein Skimmer separations-husky cylinder filter 23 time-12 efficient ultraviolet sterilizer sterilizations of pipe-husky cylinders filter 1 time-active carbon cylinder filter 2 times-water source introduction bacteria bed ecosystem revivification seawater.
8. the mating system of a kind of high-quality Penaeus Vannmei parent shrimp according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: (f~g) described anti-emergent property testing refers to pass through variations in temperature to step, it is individual that environmental change and salinity change seed selection high-quality parent shrimp, wherein, variations in temperature refers to temperature is adjusted in 18~32 ℃ of scopes up and down, tests close shrimp to the tolerance of low temperature and high temperature; Environmental change refers to close shrimp is rendered in other culturing pool, tests close shrimp to the adaptive capacity of environmental change; Salinity changes and to refer to fresh water or seawater salinity lifting between 0~32 degree of water body test close shrimp to the tolerance of salinity variation.
CN2010105940918A 2010-12-17 2010-12-17 Method for breeding high-quality penaeus vannamei boone parent shrimps Expired - Fee Related CN102007882B (en)

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