CN1926968A - Small clean waters breeding method for litopenaeus vannamei - Google Patents
Small clean waters breeding method for litopenaeus vannamei Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a small pool of clear water-breeding method of litopenaeus vannamei using in aquaculture industry, the method includes three key controlling progresses which are water conditioning control, fed diet controlling and synchronized quality control. The water conditioning progress is supported by that as follows: after the water is sterilized through sand filtration, ozone and ultraviolet, it must be filtered by turns through three different filter membrane the pore diameter of which are respectively 10,1.0,0.5 mum, and in the later period of nursery, 100 000 cell/ml chlorella must be invested into the water in order to control its quality; fed diet controlling is carried out through using bone of algae, algae and chaetoceros harvest worms far bait, investing and feeding artificial synthesized bait during the second stage of zoea larva; synchronized quality control will be synchronized through salinity tolerance test or qualified hunger tolerance that will be carried out after emergence.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind of small clean waters formula and cultivate the method for Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low seedling.
[background technology]
Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low is the important economic shrimps of seawater, and characteristics such as, market value height strong because of its fast growth, resistance against diseases are subjected to aquaculturist's attention deeply, and breed scale in recent years is increasing.But along with the increase of the scale of breed and the aggravation of water environment pollution, the disease in the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low breeding process also happens occasionally.Trace it to its cause, the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low seedling that lacks healthy high-quality in breed is the important factor that success rate is cultured in influence.At present, in the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low nauplius produces to the shrimp seedling in young shrimp stage, the main dense ability of swimming seedling-cultivating method of big water body that adopts, this method mainly use the artificial synthetic diet shrimp seedling young of throwing something and feeding, thereby polluted water causes the shrimp seedling to produce disease or immunity degradation in response to swashing easily.In addition, usually use the antibiotics material for the success rate that the disease biological raising that reduces in the polluted-water is grown seedlings in seedling raising process, this has also had a strong impact on the quality of shrimp seedling even the quality of final prawn culturing product.At present, use little water body to operate, carry out the technology that Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low grows seedlings by control water quality and biological feeds such as the algae of throwing something and feeding, yeast and also do not see to the young shrimp stage nauplius.
[summary of the invention]
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of cultivating the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low seedling of healthy high-quality.
In order to address the above problem, the detailed process of Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low small clean waters breeding method of the present invention is as follows:
1) with the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low nauplius of high-quality health according to 150-200 only/liter, just every cubic metre (ton) water body is put ten thousand young of 15-20 (15-20 ten thousand/rice
3) density put into size for 1m
3Circular aquarium in.Seawater in the aquarium must be handled through sand filtration, ozone and disinfection by ultraviolet light earlier, and then successively through the membrane filtration of aperture 10,1.0,0.5 μ m.
2) treat that 6 phase of prawn paedomorphosis to the adds Chaetoceros or Skeletonema Greville during the young, and yeast, the density constant that makes Chaetoceros or Skeletonema Greville is 10,000 cel/mL, the density constant of yeast is 0.25g/m
3
3) treat the prawn paedomorphosis when the zoea phase I (Z1), continue to replenish Chaetoceros or Skeletonema Greville that the density constant that makes Chaetoceros is 5-7 ten thousand cell/mL, or to make the density constant of Skeletonema Greville be 4-5 ten thousand cell/mL; Add the algae yeast of throwing something and feeding after 12 hours, the density constant that makes yeast is 0.25g/m
3With microscopic examination once calculated the quantity of algae in every 4-6 hour, and made the density of algae keep constant.
When 4) treating the prawn paedomorphosis to the zoea second stage (Z2 stage), suitably use prawn slice or BP (grow seedlings and use micro-capsule bait) and algae to throw something and feed jointly, observed bait throwing in once in every 3-4 hour, the density constant that makes BP is 0.25-0.5g/m
3If, the prawn slice of throwing something and feeding, the density constant that then makes prawn slice is 1-5g/m
3, and prawn slice must be earlier before throwing something and feeding filter through 150 eye mesh screens and wash by rubbing with the hands, re-use agitator and an amount of fresh water back that stirs and use; The algae of throwing something and feeding is Chaetoceros or Skeletonema Greville, and feeding volume is identical during with the flea shape body phase I (Z1).Begin to add every day the seawater of 10%-20% from this stage, seawater must be handled through sand filtration, ozone and disinfection by ultraviolet light earlier, and then successively through the membrane filtration of aperture 10,1.0,0.5 μ m.
5) treat that paedomorphosis arrives oppossum shrimp during 1 phase, bait throwing in every day 6 times, twice is fairy shrimp, all the other are for 4 times BP or prawn slice.At every turn the throw something and feed quantitative proportion of the quantity and the prawn young of fairy shrimp is about 1: 1, does not eat up if observe fairy shrimp, then can not add fairy shrimp again; The feeding volume of BP or prawn slice and processing method are identical during with zoea second stage (Z2); Guarantee that simultaneously Chaetoceros in the water body or Skeletonema Greville maintain the density of 3~50,000 cell/mL.
6) adjust each usage ratio to 1 of young quantity and fairy shrimp gradually from oppossum shrimp to the young shrimp stage: 10.Throw something and feed every day twice of fairy shrimp; Throw something and feed in addition 4 BP or prawn slice, feeding volume and processing method etc. are identical during with zoea second stage (Z2); Also adding chlorella to density in this stage is 100,000 cell/mL, to adjust and to improve water quality.
7) treat that young shrimp grows to the tenth day (P10), the sale of after the young shrimp quality control of process is qualified, can emerging.The method of young shrimp quality control has two kinds: a) salinity tolerance test: an amount of shrimp seedling was immersed in the fresh water 15 minutes fast, put back to Miao Chishui again 15 minutes.B) hungry tolerance test: an amount of shrimp seedling is put in flat water ladle, does not inflate, hungry 1 day.Through test of salinity tolerance or the test of hungry tolerance, the survival rate of shrimp seedling can reach 90% when above, and it is qualified to be young shrimp quality control, the sale of can emerging.
In March, 2006 is in base (Zhanjiang Evergreen Southern Ocean Technology Co., Ltd.), seed engineering south, national 863 ocean, select for use Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low nauplius 3.2 hundred million tails to carry out the small clean waters breeding test, the healthy high-quality shrimp of symbiosis output Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low seedling 1.3 hundred million tails, survival rate reaches 40.6%.This batch shrimp seedling outward appearance does not have deformity, and neat evenly it is normal strong to ingest, move about, and against the current property good, be quick on the draw.Sell after 3 months and to collect the market information feedback, generally react the grow seedlings shrimp seedling produced of clear water formula and compare with the shrimp seedling of traditional seedling-cultivating method production and have better resistance and resistance against diseases, culture success rate and on average exceed about 30%.
The present invention has guaranteed the quality of seedling water by the water treatment programs of strictness, adopt biological feeds such as Skeletonema Greville, Chaetoceros, the fairy shrimp young of throwing something and feeding simultaneously, adopt chlorella to carry out regulating and controlling water quality, thereby effectively reduced the water pollution that causes because of the artitificial food of throwing something and feeding, reduced the prawn young and produced disease or immunity degradation in response to swashing.Simultaneously, when emerging, stress test, effectively guarantee to cultivate the quality of shrimp seedling, the success rate that improves commercial prawn culturing is played an important role by pressure.
Compared with prior art, the present invention proposes the new method that healthy high quality seedling is bred, and technical method is simple, easy to operate, the production of the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low seedling that is suitable for high-quality health.
[embodiment]
Embodiment 1:
1) to put into size be 1 cubic metre circular aquarium to the density that the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low nauplius of high-quality health is put into 150,000 young according to every cubic metre of water body.Used seawater is handled through sand filtration, ozone and disinfection by ultraviolet light in advance in the aquarium, and then successively through the membrane filtration of aperture 10,1.0,0.5 μ m.
2) treat that 6 phase of prawn paedomorphosis to the adds Chaetoceros and yeast during the young, the density constant that makes Chaetoceros is 10,000 cell/mL, and the density constant of yeast is 0.25g/m
3
When 3) treating the prawn paedomorphosis, then Chaetoceros is added to the density of 50,000 cell/mL, add algae and press 0.25g/m after 12 hours again to the zoea phase I (Z1)
3Ratio be added into yeast.Per 4 hours with microscopic examination once, calculates the quantity of algae, makes algae remain on the density of 50,000 cell/mL, simultaneously, makes the still constant 0.25g/m of being of density of yeast
3
4) treat the prawn paedomorphosis to zoea second stage when (Z2 stage), use BP (grow seedlings and use micro-capsule bait) and Chaetoceros to throw something and feed jointly, observation bait throwing in per 3 hours once.The density constant that makes BP is 0.25g/m
3The density constant of Chaetoceros is 50,000 cell/mL.From this phase begin that add to filter every day and handle after clean sea water 10%.
5) treat that paedomorphosis arrives oppossum shrimp during 1 phase, bait throwing in every day 6 times, twice is fairy shrimp, all the other are for 4 times BP.At every turn the throw something and feed quantitative proportion of the quantity and the prawn young of fairy shrimp is about 1: 1, does not eat up if observe fairy shrimp, then can not add fairy shrimp again.The density constant that guarantees BP is 0.25g/m
3, and the density constant of Chaetoceros is 30,000 cell/mL.
6) adjust young quantity and the each usage ratio to 1 of fairy shrimp gradually from oppossum shrimp to the young shrimp stage: 10.The fairy shrimp twice of throwing something and feeding every day, the BP that throws something and feeds in addition 4 times, the density constant that makes BP is 0.25g/m3.Also need to add chlorella in this stage, making its density constant is 100,000 cell/mL, to adjust and to improve water quality.
7) treat that young shrimp grows to the tenth day (P10), the sale of after the young shrimp quality control of process is qualified, can emerging.The method of young shrimp quality control is the test of salinity tolerance: an amount of shrimp seedling was immersed in the fresh water 15 minutes fast, put back to Miao Chishui again 15 minutes, if the survival rate of shrimp seedling can reach 90% when above then the sale of emerging.
Embodiment 2:
1) to put into size be 1 cubic metre circular aquarium to the density that the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low nauplius of high-quality health is put 200,000 young according to every cube of water body.Used seawater is handled through sand filtration, ozone and disinfection by ultraviolet light in advance in the aquarium, and then successively through the membrane filtration of aperture 10,1.0,0.5 μ m.
2) treat that 6 phase of paedomorphosis to the adds Skeletonema Greville and yeast during the young, the density constant that makes Skeletonema Greville is 10,000 cell/mL, and the density constant of yeast is 0.25g/m
3
When 3) treating the prawn paedomorphosis, then Skeletonema Greville is added to the density of 4.5 ten thousand cell/mL, add algae and press 0.25g/m after 12 hours again to the zoea phase I (Z1)
3Ratio be added into yeast.Per 6 hours with microscopic examination once, calculates the quantity of algae, makes algae remain on the density of 4.5 ten thousand cell/mL, simultaneously, makes the still constant 0.25g/m of being of density of yeast
3
4) treat the prawn paedomorphosis to zoea second stage when (Z2 stage), use prawn slice and Skeletonema Greville to throw something and feed jointly, observation bait throwing in per 4 hours once.The density constant that makes prawn slice is 1g/m
3, filter earlier before prawn slice are thrown something and fed and wash by rubbing with the hands through 150 eye mesh screens, re-use agitator and the fresh water back that stirs and use.The density of Skeletonema Greville remains on 4.5 ten thousand cell/mL.From this phase begin that add to filter every day and handle after clean sea water 20%.
5) treat that paedomorphosis arrives oppossum shrimp during 1 phase, bait throwing in every day 6 times, twice is fairy shrimp, all the other are for 4 times prawn slice.At every turn the throw something and feed quantitative proportion of the quantity and the prawn young of fairy shrimp is about 1: 1, does not eat up if observe fairy shrimp, then can not add fairy shrimp again.The density constant that guarantees prawn slice is 1g/m
3, the density constant of Chaetoceros is 30,000 cell/mL.
6) adjust young quantity and the each usage ratio to 1 of fairy shrimp gradually from oppossum shrimp to the young shrimp stage: 10.The fairy shrimp twice of throwing something and feeding every day, 4 prawn slice (inventory of prawn slice and processing method are with 2 phases of zoea) of throwing something and feeding in addition.Also add chlorella in this stage, making its density constant is 100,000 cell/mL, to adjust and to improve water quality.
7) treat that young shrimp grows to the tenth day (P10), the sale of after the young shrimp quality control of process is qualified, can emerging.The method of young shrimp quality control is hungry tolerance test: an amount of shrimp seedling is put in flat water ladle, does not inflate, after hungry 1 day, if the survival rate of shrimp seedling is in 90% sale of then can emerging when above.
Embodiment 3:
1) to put into size be 1 cubic metre circular aquarium to the density that the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low nauplius of high-quality health is put 180,000 young according to every cube of water body.Used seawater is handled through sand filtration, ozone and disinfection by ultraviolet light in advance in the aquarium, and then successively through the membrane filtration of aperture 10,1.0,0.5 μ m.
2) treat that 6 phase of prawn paedomorphosis to the adds hair algae and yeast to the marrow during the young, the density constant that makes Skeletonema Greville is 10,000 cell/mL, and the density constant of yeast is 0.25g/m3.
3) treat the prawn paedomorphosis when the zoea phase I (Z1), then Skeletonema Greville added to the density of 50,000 cell/mL, add algae after 12 hours again the ratio in 0.25g/m3 be added into yeast.Per 5 hours with microscopic examination once, calculates the quantity of algae, makes algae remain on the density of 50,000 cell/mL, simultaneously, makes the still constant 0.25g/m3 of being of density of yeast.
4) treat the prawn paedomorphosis to zoea second stage when (Z2 stage), use BP (grow seedlings and use micro-capsule bait) and Skeletonema Greville to throw something and feed jointly, observation bait throwing in per 3.5 hours once.The density constant that makes BP is 0.5g/m3; The density constant of Skeletonema Greville is 50,000 cell/mL.From this phase begin that add to filter every day and handle after clean sea water 15%.
5) begin to throw fairy shrimp as bait in 1 phase of oppossum shrimp.Bait throwing in every day 6 times, twice is fairy shrimp, all the other are for 4 times BP.At every turn the throw something and feed quantitative proportion of the quantity and the prawn young of fairy shrimp is about 1: 1, does not eat up if observe fairy shrimp, then can not add fairy shrimp again.The density constant that guarantees BP is 0.25g/m
3, and the density constant of Chaetoceros is 30,000 cell/mL.
6) adjust young quantity and the each usage ratio to 1 of fairy shrimp gradually from oppossum shrimp to the young shrimp stage: 10.The fairy shrimp twice of throwing something and feeding every day, the BP that throws something and feeds in addition 4 times, the density constant that makes BP is 0.25g/m
3Also need add chlorella in this stage, making its density constant is 100,000 cell/mL, to adjust and to improve water quality.
7) treat that young shrimp grows to the tenth day (P10), the sale of after the young shrimp quality control of process is qualified, can emerging.The method of young shrimp quality control is hungry tolerance test: an amount of shrimp seedling is put in flat water ladle, does not inflate, after hungry 1 day, if the survival rate of shrimp seedling is in 90% sale of then can emerging when above.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low small clean waters breeding method is characterized in that seedling raising process is as follows:
1) with the nauplius of high-quality health according to ten thousand/m of 15-20
3Density to put into volume be 1m
3Cultivation container in, the seawater of culturing usefulness must reach after filtration disinfects;
2) treat 6 phase of paedomorphosis to the during the young, add Chaetoceros and yeast, the density constant that makes Chaetoceros is 10,000 cell/mL, and the density constant of yeast is 0.25g/m
3
3) treat that the prawn paedomorphosis, continues to replenish Chaetoceros during the phase I to zoea, the density constant that makes Chaetoceros is 5-7 ten thousand cell/mL, is added into the 0.25g yeast in every cubic metre of water after 12 hours, and the density constant that makes yeast is 0.25g/m
3
4) treat the prawn paedomorphosis after the zoea second stage, use prawn slice and algae to throw something and feed jointly, observed bait throwing in once in every 3-4 hour, the density constant that makes prawn slice is 1-5g/m
3, the density constant of Chaetoceros is 5-7 ten thousand cell/mL, and adds the clean sea water 10%-20% after filtration and the sterilization every day;
5) treat the prawn paedomorphosis to oppossum shrimp during 1 phase, the fairy shrimp 2 times of throwing something and feeding every day, prawn slice 4 times, the quantity of at every turn throwing something and feeding of fairy shrimp is the quantity of the prawn young, the density constant of prawn slice is for being 1-5g/m
3, the density that guarantees Chaetoceros in the water body simultaneously is 3~50,000 cell/mL;
6) adjust young quantity and fairy shrimp usage ratio to 1 gradually from oppossum shrimp to the young shrimp stage: 10, throw something and feed every day twice; And the prawn slice of throwing something and feeding 4 times, the density constant that makes prawn slice is 1-5g/m
3And add chlorella, making its density constant is 100,000 cell/mL;
7) treat that young shrimp grew by the tenth day, can emerge after the young shrimp quality control of process is qualified.
2, seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that seawater used in the process must handle through sand filtration, ozone and disinfection by ultraviolet light earlier, and then successively through the membrane filtration of aperture 10,1.0,0.5 μ m.
3, seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that can replacing Chaetoceros with Skeletonema Greville in the 6th phase juvenile stage and 1 phase of oppossum shrimp.
4, according to claim 1 or 3 described seedling-cultivating method, it is characterized in that can replacing Chaetoceros with Skeletonema Greville in zoea phase I and second stage, the density palpus of Skeletonema Greville is constant to be 4-5 ten thousand cell/mL.
5, seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that every 4-6 hour with water body of microscopic examination, calculates the quantity of algae, makes the density of algae keep constant.
6, seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that must filtering through 150 eye mesh screens earlier before prawn slice are thrown something and fed and washes by rubbing with the hands, re-uses and uses after agitator and an amount of fresh water stir.
7, seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that arriving the young shrimp stage zoea second stage, 1 phase of oppossum shrimp and oppossum shrimp, can replace prawn slice with micro-capsule erbium material, and the density palpus of micro-capsule erbium material is constant to be 0.25-0.5g/m
3
8, seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the method for young shrimp quality control is the test of salinity tolerance: an amount of shrimp seedling was immersed in the fresh water 15 minutes fast, put back to Miao Chishui again 15 minutes, survival rate be more than 90% qualified.
9, seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, the method that it is characterized in that young shrimp quality control are the test of hungry tolerance: an amount of shrimp seedling is put in flat water ladle, does not inflate, hungry 1 day, survival rate be more than 90% qualified.
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101185426B (en) * | 2007-11-20 | 2010-09-29 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Specific pathogen free Chinese shrimp zero water-changing seedling production process |
CN102007882A (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2011-04-13 | 惠东县巽寮镇瑞帝养殖场 | Method for breeding high-quality penaeus vannamei boone parent shrimps |
CN102415345A (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2012-04-18 | 华南师范大学 | Method for cultivating macrobrachium rosenbergii offspring seed by using aquatic ozone culture system |
CN102550459A (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2012-07-11 | 广东海洋大学 | Small water body microbial community controlling method for breeding seedlings |
CN103766262A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2014-05-07 | 湛江恒兴水产科技有限公司 | Small water body breeding method for litopenaeus vannamei |
CN104160994A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2014-11-26 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | Litopenaeus vannamei larvae rearing and breeding method |
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CN104585105A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-05-06 | 通威股份有限公司 | Ecological method for breeding young shrimps of litopenaeus vannamei in outdoor water |
CN105145439A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-16 | 海南卓海水产种苗有限公司 | Young prawn breeding method for prawns |
CN113812543A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2021-12-21 | 国投生物科技投资有限公司 | Algae powder type seedling raising bait, application thereof and method for raising seedlings of prawns in daphnia-shaped period |
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CN102007882B (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2013-05-22 | 惠东县巽寮镇瑞帝养殖场 | Method for breeding high-quality penaeus vannamei boone parent shrimps |
CN102415345B (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2015-11-18 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of method using aquatic products ozone cultivating system to cultivate Macrobrachium rosenbergii seed |
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CN102550459A (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2012-07-11 | 广东海洋大学 | Small water body microbial community controlling method for breeding seedlings |
CN102550459B (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2014-06-25 | 广东海洋大学 | Small water body microbial community controlling method for breeding seedlings |
CN103766262A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2014-05-07 | 湛江恒兴水产科技有限公司 | Small water body breeding method for litopenaeus vannamei |
CN103766262B (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2016-06-08 | 湛江恒兴水产科技有限公司 | A kind of Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low small size pond method for culturing seedlings |
CN104160994A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2014-11-26 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | Litopenaeus vannamei larvae rearing and breeding method |
CN104396838A (en) * | 2014-12-13 | 2015-03-11 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Shrimp aquaculture method using bacteria-algae for balance |
CN104396838B (en) * | 2014-12-13 | 2016-05-11 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | A kind of prawn culturing method that bacterium algae is balanced each other |
CN104585105A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-05-06 | 通威股份有限公司 | Ecological method for breeding young shrimps of litopenaeus vannamei in outdoor water |
CN104585105B (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2017-03-15 | 通威股份有限公司 | Water ecology formula method for culturing seedlings outside Litopenaeus vannamei room |
CN105145439A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-16 | 海南卓海水产种苗有限公司 | Young prawn breeding method for prawns |
CN113812543A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2021-12-21 | 国投生物科技投资有限公司 | Algae powder type seedling raising bait, application thereof and method for raising seedlings of prawns in daphnia-shaped period |
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