CN101918643A - Caisson structure and method of sinking the caisson structure into the ground exactly - Google Patents
Caisson structure and method of sinking the caisson structure into the ground exactly Download PDFInfo
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- CN101918643A CN101918643A CN2009801026576A CN200980102657A CN101918643A CN 101918643 A CN101918643 A CN 101918643A CN 2009801026576 A CN2009801026576 A CN 2009801026576A CN 200980102657 A CN200980102657 A CN 200980102657A CN 101918643 A CN101918643 A CN 101918643A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
- E02D23/08—Lowering or sinking caissons
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
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Abstract
A caisson structure (100) includes sealed well walls (102) with internal faces (110) and external faces (108) placed opposite to the internal faces (110). Many frame beams (106,104) provided between the internal faces (110) are mutually intersecting within a horizontal plane and a vertical plane. A bottom frame beam (126) is placed close to a lowest end of the well walls (102). The internal faces (110) are provided with many internal support blocks (114) being of same height,and the external faces (108) are provided with many external support blocks (112) being of same height, wherein the external support blocks (112) are higher than the internal support blocks (114). A bottom surface of the bottom frame beam (126) is a plane without a bit angle, and the lowest end of the well walls is provided with a bit angle with an angular inclination (128). A method of sinking the caisson structure into the ground exactly is also provided.
Description
Caisson structure and the method that caisson structure exactly is sunk to ground
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of building structure and construction method, more particularly to a kind of caisson structure and the caisson structure is steadily sunk into ground and accurate heavy construction method eventually.Background technology
Open caisson has its unique engineer applied condition and range as a kind of structure of underground space structures or High-Rise Building Deep Foundation or deep foundation pit supporting construction.Such as, typically under preferable pan soil geological conditions, sink well technique can not be used, and uses other more convenient economy of foundation pit construction technical side rule.But in soft clay area, because geology is loose, stability is poor, therefore high supporting expense will then be caused using general foundation pit supporting construction, the duration for also resulting in construction is elongated, in addition, the risk of construction is also larger.
Therefore, open caisson is applied to construct under the Soft Soil of rivers,lakes and seas side alluvium in large quantities.But open caisson construction application under Soft Soil, if design and construction misoperation, easily occur prominent heavy, super heavy, off-centring, Plane Rotation, it is vertical it is askew it is heavy, deform and be broken, gush in well and considerable safety and the quality accident such as collapse outside soil, well.This is mainly caused by vertical plane rigidity (or the minimum vertical cross section torsional rigidity) inadequate natural endowment at some positions (such as the diagonal of rectangular open caisson) of open caisson；Also it is due to current caisson structure and corresponding construction method it cannot be guaranteed that steady sinking and accurate end of the open caisson on engineering significance are heavy caused.Therefore, during practice of construction, most of open caissons are dilapidated, crazily sunk, construction dangerous situation easily occurs, in sinking watching, it is necessary to constantly correction, righting, the balance of open caisson is kept as far as possible, so as to cause difficulty of construction to increase, construction period extension, cost constantly rises.The shortcoming of these conventional arts is long-term in open caisson construction to need to solve but unsolved technical barrier always.
The construction of heavy pattern foundation pit supporting structure is carried out with open caisson construction method, is one of the direction of engineering circles research, but the open caisson of maximum area is only capable of meeting the foundation pit construction of middle and small scale area at present.And to make bigger plane product, bigger Round shapes diameter or the unilateral length of bigger rectangle, bigger interior lattice size, more complicated special-shaped unsymmetrical plan shape open caisson it is then extremely difficult in engineering circles at present.This be open caisson stiffness by itself it is not enough and can not steadily sink and be determined the characteristics of accurate heavy eventually, so as to limit open caisson towards area is in more large-scale, plane
More complicatedization, the cost more economicalization direction speed of development, and then limit the extension of open caisson purposes；This is also Sinking Well Design and long-term pending problem in application.The content of the invention
It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a kind of caisson structure, caisson structure of the invention is formd by setting equally distributed support block point on traditional caisson structure, by the uniform support of support pile body and jack, significantly reduce the rigidity requirement to caisson structure, caisson structure is set to be unlikely to deform or be broken, so as to improve construction and the security used.
Open caisson is smoothly sunk to ground and the accurate construction method sunk eventually it is another object of the present invention to provide a kind of, this method is able to ensure that open caisson controllably gradually sinks and accurate heavy eventually, is broken so as to avoid prominent heavy, super heavy, off-centring, the Plane Rotation that occur in conventional construction method, vertical askew heavy, deformation, gushes in well and considerable safety and the quality accident such as collapse outside native, well.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, a kind of caisson structure, it includes the borehole wall being closed, and the borehole wall, which has, sets multiple Vierendeel girders crossed one another in horizontal plane and vertical plane and the underframe close to borehole wall bottom to set a roof beam in place between internal face and the outside wall surface relative with the internal face, the internal face.Multiple contour inner support blocks are formed on the internal face, multiple contour outer support blocks are set in the outside wall surface, and outer support block is higher than inner support block, described bottom framework soffit is the plane without cutting shoe, and the bottom of the borehole wall forms the bevelled cutting shoe of tool.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a kind of method that caisson structure is accurately sunk to ground and accurately sunk eventually, and it comprises the following steps：
(1) certain construction area is selected, and squeezes into multiple support pile bodies in the construction area and keeps a part of length of support pile body more than the ground of construction area；
(2) a kind of caisson structure is built in the construction area, it includes the borehole wall being closed, the borehole wall has internal face and the outside wall surface relative with the internal face, multiple Vierendeel girders crossed one another in horizontal plane and vertical face and the underframe close to borehole wall bottom is set to set a roof beam in place between the internal face, multiple contour inner support blocks are formed on the internal face, multiple contour outer support blocks are set in the outside wall surface, and outer support block is higher than inner support block, described bottom framework soffit is the plane without cutting shoe, and the underframe of open caisson is set a roof beam in place and interior
Support block is respectively supported at by jack on the part support pile body in the construction area, and the outer support block of open caisson is then supported in by one group of cushion block longitudinally stacked and the jack being supported in below the cushion block of bottom on the part of construction area support pile body, and it is provided with spacing to cushion block progress around longitudinal multiple cushion blocks laminated, so that cushion block only can be movable in longitudinal direction stopping means, support underframe is set a roof beam in place and has respectively constituted internal support pile body and internal jack with the support pile body and jack of inner support block, the support pile body and jack of outer support block is supported to respectively constitute external support pile body and outside jack, each inside and out all in jack includes the push rod of pedestal and certain stroke that can be stretched in the pedestal, the push rod of all jack is initially residing in elongation state；All set a roof beam in place fixed and be suspended under it with inner support block and underframe in the push rod upper end of all internal jack；All inside and outside jack are generally divided into first jack and second batch jack intermeshed；
(3) all inside and outside jack are operated, make the push rod of each jack to pedestal retraction certain distance, and make still to leave more than 30 millimeters of stroke gap between push rod and pedestal, the certain depth so that open caisson sinks for the first time in construction area, and the cutting shoe of the borehole wall is inserted into subsurface；
(4) first jack is operated it is shortened 20 ~ 50 millimeters, so that whole load of open caisson fully concentrate on second batch jack, and first jack is then in no load state, then one piece of cushion block of highest in one group of cushion block being arranged between each outer support block of first jack and respective external jack is pumped, next each outside jack in first jack is operated, the push rod of each outside jack is set to be protruded upward relative to pedestal, so that the cushion block of the top is contacted with outer support block and held out against mutually in group residue cushion block, the inside support pile body under each internal jack that will be arranged at again in first jack cuts off certain length, so that forming larger gap between remaining internal support pile body after the pedestal of inside jack in first jack and cutting, next each internal jack in first jack is operated, make the pedestal of each internal jack relative to push rod falls downward, so that the top contact of remaining internal support pile body is held out against after the pedestal of each internal jack in first jack and cutting, so that whole load of open caisson are concentrated on first and second batch jack simultaneously；
(5) operation second batch jack makes it shorten 20 ~ 50 millimeters, so that whole load of open caisson are completely transferred into first jack, and then cause second batch jack to be in no load state, then by one piece of highest in one group of cushion block being arranged between each outer support block of second batch jack and respective external jack
Cushion block is pumped, next each outside jack in second batch jack is operated, the push rod of each outside jack is set to be protruded upward relative to pedestal, so that the cushion block of the top is contacted with outer support block and held out against mutually in group residue cushion block, the inside support pile body under each internal jack that will be arranged at again in second batch jack cuts off certain length, so that forming larger gap between remaining internal support pile body after the pedestal of inside jack in second batch jack and cutting, next each internal jack in second batch jack is operated, make the pedestal of each internal jack relative to push rod falls downward, so that the top contact of remaining internal support pile body is held out against after the pedestal of each internal jack in second batch jack and cutting, so that whole load of open caisson are concentrated on first and second batch jack simultaneously；
(6) stopping means around each outside mandril of lifting jack is removed；
(7) all inside and outside jack are operated, make the push rod of each jack to pedestal retraction certain distance, and make still to leave more than 30 millimeters of stroke gap, the certain depth so that open caisson sinks again in construction area between push rod and pedestal；
(8) soil in shaft bottom in open caisson is cut out one layer, so that a part for each internal support pile body is exposed from soil；
(9) be repeated in above-mentioned steps (4),（5)、 （6)、 （7) and (8), so that open caisson constantly sinks, until the cushion block on each outside jack is pumped, and each outside jack is made directly to have withstood corresponding outer support block；
(10) all inside and outside jack are operated, the push rod of each jack is gradually retracted to pedestal, open caisson gradually sinks down into setting absolute altitude；
(11) remove jack in batches, and the upper cushion cap concrete at the top of support pile body, until all at the top of support pile bodies on all by7| platform concrete support open caisson, and then realizes accurately whole sink.
The advantage of the invention is that：Due to being provided with many support blocks and the strong point on the suitable position on open caisson, open caisson is support in uniform way by support pile body and jack, therefore the rigidity requirement to caisson structure is significantly reduced, caisson structure is set to be unlikely to deform or be broken, so as to improve construction and the security used.In addition, by using support block and the strong point and the construction method of the mutual cooperation operation of jack and pile tube so that depth that open caisson smoothly controllably can be gradually sunk in intended ground and accurate heavy eventually, so as to keep away
Prominent heavy, super heavy, off-centring, the Plane Rotation having exempted to occur in conventional construction method, vertical askew heavy, deformation are broken, gushed in well and considerable safety and the quality accident such as collapsed outside native, well.Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 illustrates the top plan view structure chart of open caisson 100 of the present invention, illustrates the relation of working in coordination of all distributing position and support pile body and open caisson of the support pile body in open caisson plane.
Fig. 2 illustrates the main view elevation of open caisson shown in Fig. 1, it is shown that multiple outer support blocks for being formed at borehole wall outside wall surface and cushion block and the matching relationship for the corresponding pile tube squeezed into ground.
Fig. 3 illustrates sectional structure chart of the open caisson shown in Fig. 1 along B-B directions, it is shown that cutting shoe and the mated condition on ground, and open caisson inner bottom part Vierendeel girder is to squeezing into the matching relationship between the corresponding pile tube in ground.
Fig. 4 illustrates sectional structure chart of the open caisson shown in Fig. 3 along A-A directions.
Fig. 5 illustrates sectional structure chart of the open caisson shown in Fig. 1 along C-C directions.
The mutual alignment relation that Fig. 6 partly illustrates the part outer support block and cushion block and jack of open caisson shown in Fig. 2 and squeezed between the pile tube in ground.
Fig. 7 illustrates sectional structure chart of the structure shown in Fig. 6 along E-E directions.
Fig. 8 illustrates sectional structure chart of the structure shown in Fig. 6 along D-D directions.
Fig. 9 illustrates the facade structures of guiding pad rail shown in Fig. 8.
Figure 10 illustrates the planar structure of cushion block shown in Fig. 6.
Figure 11 illustrates the facade structures of limiting plate shown in Fig. 6.
Figure 12 a-12d in turn, show the situation of change of outer support block, cushion block, jack and the corresponding pile tube during sinking in ground of open caisson shown in Fig. 1-Figure 11.
Figure 13 a-13d in turn, show the situation of change of outer support block, cushion block, jack and the corresponding pile tube during sinking in ground of open caisson shown in Fig. 1-Figure 11；While illustrating the situation of change of the pile tube of the jack and support jack under open caisson bottom frame is set a roof beam in place.
Figure 14 illustrates the device and the disposition-plan of open caisson for soil to be taken out out of open caisson.
Figure 15 illustrates the arrangement elevation of the device and open caisson for soil to be taken out out of open caisson.
Embodiment
The caisson structure of the present invention is introduced first.With reference to Fig. 1-Figure 11, open caisson 100 is as general as the structure of cuboid, such as can be reinforced concrete structure or steel design etc..The open caisson 100 includes four boreholes wall 102 for interconnecting to be closed, and the relative borehole wall 102 of any two is parallel to each other, so that four borehole wall 102-composition rectangular shapes.Each borehole wall 102 has internal face 110 and the outside wall surface 108 relative with the internal face 110.Multiple Vierendeel girders parallel to each other in horizontal plane and vertical face are set between the internal face 110 of the relative borehole wall 102 of any two.Frame rails 104 can be set between the borehole wall 102 that such as two are laterally set;And cruciform bracing 106 can be set between two longitudinally disposed boreholes wall 102.And crossbeam 106 and corresponding longeron 104 are mutually orthogonal, so that they are as general as the structural strength that open caisson 100 provides horizontal support.
Wherein, the bottom of open caisson 100 is (after i.e. open caisson is made, its one end near ground) cruciform bracing and longeron constitute the bottom level Vierendeel girder 126 (referring to Fig. 3) of open caisson, it is mainly used in partly supporting caisson 100 in subsequent work progress.
Each Vierendeel girder is fixedly attached on the corresponding borehole wall 102 by the frame column 116 being arranged on the internal face 110 of the borehole wall 102.In addition, being provided with internal partition wall 124 (referring to Fig. 3) between necessary Vierendeel girder, that further enhances the overall construction intensity of open caisson 100.
Especially, close to the top of open caisson 100 in the outside wall surface 108 of each borehole wall 102（I.e. away from ground）On be provided with the outer support block 112 of multiple contour (relative to the height of open caisson lowermost end).And the height of the outer support block 112 on all boreholes wall 102 is all identical.Similarly, the inner support block 114 of multiple contour (relative to the height of open caisson lowermost end) is also equipped with the internal face 110 of each borehole wall 102.And the height of the inner support block 114 on all boreholes wall 102 is all identical.Especially, the height of all inner support blocks 114 will be less than the height of outer support block 112 far away, due to there are these inside and outside support blocks (being commonly called as bracket), and by support pile body and jack supporting caisson in uniform way, so as to significantly reduce the rigidity requirement to caisson structure, in other words, it need not be fabricated to the invention enables the component section of caisson structure very huge, you can realize open caisson construction sedimentation and the security used.Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 are refer to, the bottom of each borehole wall 102 is (with ground
The part of face contact) the bevelled cutting shoe 128 of tool is formed, because its edge is relatively sharp, therefore it is conducive to whole caisson 100 easily to sink to below ground.
The accurate method for sinking to ground of open caisson 100 of the present invention is described below, i.e. open caisson is how to sink to subsurface smooth sequential.The support structure relevant with this method is introduced first.In order to which stably open caisson is supported on ground, with reference to Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 5, the support pile body of predetermined number, such as pile tube 118 have been squeezed under ground 300 (referring to Fig. 5) in advance.And, it is preferable that pile tube 118 squeezes into ground until the basement rock supporting course 200 with geology is contacted (as shown in Figure 5).The quantity of pile tube and structure and geological condition of the distribution depending on open caisson.In the present embodiment, pile tube 118 is preferably squeezed under ground 300, and its top is basseted a segment distance on 300, and any two bottom frame that pile tube 118 is preferably supported in open caisson 100 is set a roof beam in place position that (crossbeam and longeron) intersect and corresponding to outer support block 112 and the position of inner support block 114, in addition, pile tube 118 be also supported in bottom frame set a roof beam in place 126 lower section (referring to Fig. 3).In Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Yong Hei Round circle Huo Bai Round circles represent the distributing position of pile tube.These a large amount of equally distributed pile tubes 118 will play vital effect in the steady sinking of open caisson 100 and during accurately sinking eventually.
Squeeze into the jack 120 (referring to Fig. 5) being provided between the pile tube 118 on ground and inner support block 114 for adjusting open caisson height;Similarly, the jack 120 (referring to Fig. 3) being also equipped between the pile tube 118 on ground and bottom support beam 126 for adjusting open caisson height is squeezed into;And squeeze between the pile tube 118 on ground and outer support block 112 then in addition to jack 120 is set, multiple cushion blocks 122 (referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 5) are actively provided with also between jack 120 and outer support block 112.In order to which operation of sinking is convenient, the top of jack is all fastened to each other with top corresponding construction in well, and can suspend in midair.
The position relationship between outer support block 112 and jack 120, cushion block 122 and pile tube 118 is described in detail below.With reference to Fig. 6-Figure 11 and Fig. 1, the outside wall surface 108 of outer support block 112 from the borehole wall 102 is outstanding to be formed.Each outer support block 112 has two limited walls 134 extended downwardly from from the outwardly directed base portion 160 of outside wall surface 108 and from the base portion 160.And semi-enclosed space is defined jointly between two limited walls 134 and base portion 160 and outside wall surface 108.The guiding pad rail 130 of hollow rectangular block shape is provided with semi-enclosed space, and the cushion block 122 of rectangular block shape is then accommodated between the guiding pad rail 130 and two limited walls 134.In addition, being interconnected between described two limited walls 134 by limiting plate 132, so that cushion block 122 is limited in into the space that two limited walls 134, guiding pad rail 130 and limiting plate 132 are surrounded jointly
It is interior, and then in work progress, cushion block 122 will not drop from side.It is this to ensure that cushion block 122 form the stopping means of cushion block 122 during well sinking from the structure that drop sideways.In addition, each jack 120 can be traditional jack, the height for adjusting open caisson, such as jack 120 can include pedestal 504 and can on the pedestal 504 relative to the pedestal 504 in handle（It is not shown）Operation under and move up and down the device of position, that is, the push rod 502 elongated or shortened.It should be noted that：Above-mentioned limited wall 134 longitudinally extends in the whole height of open caisson 100.Also, limited wall 134 is temporary structure, it is gradually cut off a part with the gradually extraction of cushion block, after all cushion blocks are all extracted, the limited wall 134 will be fully removed during the entire process of well sinking.
Although in above-described embodiment, being not meant to that the open caisson of the present invention is confined to a kind of this structure of flat shape with the open caisson of cuboid shape as an example.On the contrary, open caisson Ke is using as Round shape open caissons, the caisson structure such as regular polygon, elongated rectangular shape or various asymmetric special-shaped level shapes.
The construction method that the present invention smoothly sinks to open caisson on ground mainly uses the whole load of open caisson alternately transfer changes principle between adjacent support pile body and the adjustable for height principle of jack realized.Figure 12 a-13d illustrate the course of work of the inventive method.With reference first to Figure 12 a and 13a, which show the original state outside open caisson with inside.That is the pile tube 118 of predetermined quantity is squeezed into ground first, so that open caisson 100 is supported on pile tube 118.Specifically, outer support block 112 is supported on pile tube 118 by the jack 120 between multiple cushion blocks 122 and the cushion block 122 of bottom and corresponding pile tube 118；Bottom frame inside open caisson 100 is set a roof beam in place 126 and is directly supported in by jack 120 on corresponding pile tube 118；Meanwhile, the inner support block inside open caisson 100 is also directly supported on corresponding pile tube 118 by jack 120 (refers to Fig. 5).Now, the weight (load) of open caisson 100 is acted on all (foretelling in the borehole wall with borehole wall sunset) pile tubes 118, in other words, and all pile tubes 118 all bear the weight of open caisson 100 simultaneously.And the push rod 502 that now, all jack 120 are on elongation state, i.e. its pedestal 504 is respectively positioned on extreme higher position.And the cutting shoe 128 of open caisson 100 is then initially inserted into ground.In addition, for convenience, all inside and outside jack to be generally divided into first jack intermeshed（The jack that Hei Se Round circles are represented in such as Fig. 1) and second batch jack（The jack that Bai Se Round circles are represented in such as Fig. 1）.
Next, as shown in Figure 12 b and 13b, operating all jack 120 so that all jack
120 push rod 502 shortens, now, and whole caisson 100 accordingly sinks certain because of the shortening of push rod 502
Distance, so that the cutting shoe of open caisson 100 is re-inserted into ground, and the moiety by weight of whole caisson 100 effectively compresses soil property below, so as to add horizontal wedge action of the foundation soil to open caisson 100, adds the stability of open caisson 100.And because foundation soil starts to share the weight of the part of open caisson 100, so that Jiang Shi loads of the open caisson to jack immediately.
Figure 12 c and 13c illustrate the next step operation of the present invention.For convenience, by the cushion block 122 outside the borehole wall from up to down successively from 1 open numbering, uppermost cushion block numbering is No. 1 cushion block, remaining the like.With reference to Fig. 6-Figure 11, in this operation, first by first jack（Including internal and outside jack）Shorten certain distance, such as 30 ~ 50 millimeters, uppermost cushion block (No. 1 cushion block) is extracted out between two limited walls 134 of outer support block 112.The outside jack in first is operated immediately after so that outside jack elongation holds out against next piece of cushion block 122, i.e., No. 2 cushion blocks.Now, No. 2 cushion blocks become the cushion block contacted with outer support block 112.
Next, the top of the inside pile tube (supporting the pile tube of internal jack, also referred to as internal support pile body) below the inside jack of first jack is cut away into certain length.Then, by the push rod of the inside jack of first jack jack-up again, set a roof beam in place (or inner support block) between internal pile tube so as to be supported in underframe.Now, whole load of open caisson simultaneously concentrate on first with second batch jack.Hereafter, limited wall 134 is cut away into a part from bottom, so as to avoid sinking of its bottom to open caisson from causing obstacle.
Next, by second batch jack（Including internal and outside jack）Shorten certain distance, such as 30 ~ 50 millimeters, uppermost cushion block (No. 1 cushion block) is extracted out between two limited walls 134 of outer support block 112.The outside jack in second batch is operated immediately after so that outside jack elongation holds out against next piece of cushion block 122, i.e., No. 2 cushion blocks.Now, No. 2 cushion blocks become the cushion block contacted with outer support block 112.Next, the top of the inside pile tube (pile tube for supporting internal jack) below the inside jack of first jack is cut away into certain length.Then, by the push rod of the inside jack of second batch jack jack-up again, set a roof beam in place (or inner support block) between internal pile tube so as to be supported in underframe.Up to the present, now, whole load of open caisson again simultaneously concentrate on first with second batch jack；Also, No. 1 cushion block 122 on all external support blocks has been pumped away, and the length of all inside support pile bodies has all been prescinded certain length.Hereafter, limited wall 134 is cut away into a part from bottom, so as to avoid sinking of its bottom to open caisson from causing obstacle.
Hereafter, as shown in Figure 12 d and 13d, allow again inside and out the push rod of jack 120 retract, so as to cause the overall sedimentation certain distance downwards again of open caisson 100, i.e. one stroke of outside jack shortening.
Ensuing work progress is consistent substantially with combining the process of Figure 12 c and 13c description, and the cushion block only extracted is No. 2 cushion blocks.Then, process is proceeded in the step of being described with reference to Figure 12 d and 13d.So, as the continuous circulation of operation, cushion block are gradually extracted, open caisson is gradually reduced, until all cushion blocks are extracted, after all parts of limited wall are removed.All inside and outside jack of operation, make the push rod of each jack gradually be retracted to pedestal, open caisson gradually sinks down into setting absolute altitude.Then, jack is removed in batches, and is supporting upper cushion cap concrete at the top of pile body, until open caisson all by cushion cap concrete support on support pile bodies top, and then realization is accurate heavy eventually.
In above process, because with the gradually sinking of open caisson, internal pile tube needs constantly to be truncated, it is embedded in yet with most of position of internal pile tube in ground, therefore, is applying man-hour requirement constantly by around internal pile tube（That is bottom in well) soil dig out.This is realized jointly by the composite bridge straddle truck 500 in Figure 14,15 and with the belt feeder 600 of the composite bridge straddle truck 500 cooperation.Both are arranged on the top of open caisson 100, due to having lattice space between the Vierendeel girder of open caisson 100, therefore easily can be dug out soil.In addition, composite bridge straddle truck 500, which can also hang in excavator, carries out digging in well.
Generally, present invention firstly provides a kind of caisson structure, it includes the borehole wall being closed, the borehole wall has internal face and the outside wall surface relative with the internal face, multiple Vierendeel girders crossed one another and the underframe close to borehole wall bottom is set to set a roof beam in place between the internal face, multiple contour inner support blocks are formed on the internal face, multiple contour outer support blocks are set in the outside wall surface, and outer support block is higher than inner support block, described bottom framework soffit is the plane without cutting shoe, and the bottom of the borehole wall forms the bevelled cutting shoe of tool.
Preferably, the outer support block include base portion and from the base portion extend under a pair of limited walls.Also, base portion and limited wall longitudinally extend on the whole height of the borehole wall.The guiding pad rail of cuboid shape is provided with the limited wall.
Present invention simultaneously provides a kind of method that above-mentioned caisson structure is accurately sunk to ground.It comprises the following steps：
(1) certain construction area is selected, and squeezes into multiple support pile bodies in the construction area and keeps a part of length of support pile body more than the ground of construction area；
(2) a kind of caisson structure is built in the construction area, it includes the borehole wall being closed, the borehole wall has internal face and the outside wall surface relative with the internal face, multiple Vierendeel girders crossed one another in horizontal plane and vertical face and the underframe close to borehole wall bottom is set to set a roof beam in place between the internal face, multiple contour inner support blocks are formed on the internal face, multiple contour outer support blocks are set in the outside wall surface, and outer support block is higher than inner support block, described bottom framework soffit is the plane without cutting shoe, and make the underframe of open caisson set a roof beam in place and inner support block be respectively supported at by jack in the construction area part support pile body on, and the outer support block of open caisson is then supported in by one group of cushion block longitudinally stacked and the jack being supported in below the cushion block of bottom on the part of construction area support pile body, and it is provided with spacing to cushion block progress around longitudinal multiple cushion blocks laminated, so that cushion block only can be movable in longitudinal direction stopping means, support underframe is set a roof beam in place and has respectively constituted internal support pile body and internal jack with the support pile body and jack of inner support block, the support pile body and jack of outer support block is supported to respectively constitute external support pile body and outside jack, each inside and out all in jack includes the push rod of pedestal and certain stroke that can be stretched in the pedestal, the push rod of all jack is initially residing in elongation state；All set a roof beam in place fixed and be suspended under it with inner support block and underframe in the push rod upper end of all internal jack；All inside and outside jack are generally divided into first jack and second batch jack intermeshed；
(3) all inside and outside jack are operated, make the push rod of each jack to pedestal retraction certain distance, and make still to leave more than 30 millimeters of stroke gap between push rod and pedestal, the certain depth so that open caisson sinks for the first time in construction area, and the cutting shoe of the borehole wall is inserted into subsurface；
(4) first jack is operated it is shortened 20 ~ 50 millimeters, so that whole load of open caisson fully concentrate on second batch jack, and first jack is then in no load state, then one piece of cushion block of highest in one group of cushion block being arranged between each outer support block of first jack and respective external jack is pumped, next each outside jack in first jack is operated, the push rod of each outside jack is set to be protruded upward relative to pedestal, so that the cushion block of the top is contacted with outer support block and held out against mutually in group residue cushion block, the inside support pile body under each internal jack that will be arranged at again in first jack cuts off certain length, so that forming larger gap between remaining internal support pile body after the pedestal of inside jack in first jack and cutting, next each internal jack in first jack is operated, make the pedestal of each internal jack relative to push rod falls downward, so that first
The top contact of remaining internal support pile body is held out against after the pedestal of each internal jack in jack and cutting, so that whole load of open caisson are concentrated on first and second batch jack simultaneously；
(5) operation second batch jack makes it shorten 20 ~ 50 millimeters, so that whole load of open caisson are completely transferred into first jack, and then cause second batch jack to be in no load state, then one piece of cushion block of highest in one group of cushion block being arranged between each outer support block of second batch jack and respective external jack is pumped, next each outside jack in second batch jack is operated, the push rod of each outside jack is set to be protruded upward relative to pedestal, so that the cushion block of the top is contacted with outer support block and held out against mutually in group residue cushion block, the inside support pile body under each internal jack that will be arranged at again in second batch jack cuts off certain length, so that forming larger gap between remaining internal support pile body after the pedestal of inside jack in second batch jack and cutting, next each internal jack in second batch jack is operated, make the pedestal of each internal jack relative to push rod falls downward, so that the top contact of remaining internal support pile body is held out against after the pedestal of each internal jack in second batch jack and cutting, so that whole load of open caisson are concentrated on first and second batch jack simultaneously；
(6) stopping means around each outside mandril of lifting jack is removed；
(7) all inside and outside jack are operated, make the push rod of each jack to pedestal retraction certain distance, and make still to leave more than 30 millimeters of stroke gap, the certain depth so that open caisson sinks again in construction area between push rod and pedestal；
(8) soil in shaft bottom in open caisson is cut out one layer, so that a part for each internal support pile body is exposed from soil；
(9) be repeated in above-mentioned steps (4),（5)、 （6)、 （7) and (8), so that open caisson constantly sinks, until the cushion block on each outside jack is pumped, and each outside jack is made directly to have withstood corresponding outer support block；
(10) all inside and outside jack are operated, the push rod of each jack is gradually retracted to pedestal, open caisson gradually sinks down into setting absolute altitude；
(11) remove jack in batches, and the upper cushion cap concrete at the top of support pile body, until all at the top of support pile bodies on all by7| platform concrete support open caisson, and then realizes accurately whole sink.
Specifically, the outer support block of caisson structure includes base portion and a pair of the limited walls extended from the base portion；Base portion and limited wall longitudinally extend on the whole height of the borehole wall；The guiding pad rail of cuboid shape is provided with the limited wall；One group of cushion block is arranged in the space surrounded between base portion and limited wall and guiding pad rail three, and it is interconnected between described two limited walls by the limiting plate of cuboid shape, so that cushion block is restricted to two limited walls, in the space that guiding pad rail and limiting plate are surrounded, described two limited walls, guiding pad rail and limiting plate together constitute above-mentioned stopping means, so that cushion block only can be longitudinally movable.The support pile body is prestressed high-strength concrete pile or steel-pipe pile, and pile tube must be driven into the native supporting course of the basement rock of underground.
The advantage of the invention is that：By using the construction method of the mutual cooperation operation of support block and jack and pile tube, the depth that open caisson is smoothly controllably gradually sunk in intended ground, and it is accurate heavy eventually, it is broken so as to avoid prominent heavy, super heavy, off-centring, the Plane Rotation that occur in conventional construction method, vertical askew heavy, deformation, gushes in well and considerable safety and the quality accident such as collapse outside native, well.
The inside and outside support block can be reinforced concrete structure, can also be steel construction.Inside and outside support block can be single independent supporter block, can also be the collar tie beam formula or Guan Liang formula or supporter block of horizontal continuity.In addition, the jack can be various types of mechanical elevating mechanisms, and it is not limited to specific jack structure disclosed herein.The borehole wall outer support block of open caisson, borehole wall inner support block, the underframe bottom supporting structure such as set a roof beam in place can be used alone in well, can also neatly be applied in combination, it can be used according to different caisson structure design requirements.In addition, the present invention can be used for, plane product is bigger, shape is more complicated, single side size bigger and ground is softer and the deeper open caisson project of submergence depth, so as to reduce cost, obtains more preferable economy.
Claims (1)
- Claim1. a kind of caisson structure, it includes the borehole wall being closed, the borehole wall, which has, sets multiple Vierendeel girders crossed one another in horizontal plane and vertical face and the underframe close to borehole wall bottom to set a roof beam in place between internal face and the outside wall surface relative with the internal face, the internal face, it is characterised in that:Multiple contour inner support blocks are formed on the internal face, multiple contour outer support blocks are set in the outside wall surface, and outer support block is higher than inner support block, the bottom surface that the underframe is set a roof beam in place is the plane without cutting shoe, and the bottom of the borehole wall forms the bevelled cutting shoe of tool.2. the caisson structure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The outer support block includes base portion and a pair of the limited walls extended downwardly from the base portion.3. caisson structure according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The base portion and limited wall longitudinally extend on the whole height of the borehole wall, and the limited wall is protruded from outside wall surface, and the guiding pad rail of cuboid shape is provided with the limited wall, and the guiding pad rail is fixed in the outside wall surface of the borehole wall.4. a kind of method that caisson structure is accurately sunk to ground, it comprises the following steps：(1) certain construction area is selected, and squeezes into multiple support pile bodies in the construction area and keeps a part of length of support pile body more than the ground of construction area；(2) a kind of caisson structure is built in the construction area, it includes the borehole wall being closed, the borehole wall has internal face and the outside wall surface relative with the internal face, multiple Vierendeel girders crossed one another in horizontal plane and vertical face and the underframe close to borehole wall bottom is set to set a roof beam in place between the internal face, formed in multiple contour inner support blocks, the outside wall surface and set on the internal face Multiple contour outer support blocks, and outer support block is higher than inner support block, described bottom framework soffit is the plane without cutting shoe, and make the underframe of open caisson set a roof beam in place and inner support block be respectively supported at by jack in the construction area part support pile body on, and the outer support block of open caisson is then supported in by one group of cushion block longitudinally stacked and the jack being supported in below the cushion block of bottom on the part of construction area support pile body, and it is provided with spacing to cushion block progress around longitudinal multiple cushion blocks laminated, so that cushion block only can be movable in longitudinal direction stopping means, support underframe is set a roof beam in place and has respectively constituted internal support pile body and internal jack with the support pile body and jack of inner support block, the support pile body and jack of outer support block is supported to respectively constitute external support pile body and outside jack, each inside and out all in jack includes the push rod of pedestal and certain stroke that can be stretched in the pedestal, the push rod of all jack is initially residing in elongation state；All set a roof beam in place fixed and be suspended under it with inner support block and underframe in the push rod upper end of all internal jack；All inside and outside jack are generally divided into first jack and second batch jack intermeshed；(3) all inside and outside jack are operated, make the push rod of each jack to pedestal retraction certain distance, and make still to leave more than 30 millimeters of stroke gap between push rod and pedestal, the certain depth so that open caisson sinks for the first time in construction area, and the cutting shoe of the borehole wall is inserted into subsurface；(4) first jack is operated it is shortened 20 ~ 50 millimeters, so that whole load of open caisson fully concentrate on second batch jack, and first jack is then in no load state, then one piece of cushion block of highest in one group of cushion block being arranged between each outer support block of first jack and respective external jack is pumped, next each outside jack in first jack is operated, the push rod of each outside jack is set to be protruded upward relative to pedestal, from And the cushion block of the top in the remaining cushion block of the group is contacted and is held out against mutually with outer support block, the inside support pile body under each internal jack that will be arranged at again in first jack cuts off certain length, so that forming larger gap between remaining internal support pile body after the pedestal of inside jack in first jack and cutting, next each internal jack in first jack is operated, make the pedestal of each internal jack relative to push rod falls downward, so that the top contact of remaining internal support pile body is held out against after the pedestal of each internal jack in first jack and cutting, so that whole load of open caisson are concentrated on first and second batch jack simultaneously；(5) operation second batch jack makes it shorten 20 ~ 50 millimeters, so that whole load of open caisson are completely transferred into first jack, and then cause second batch jack to be in no load state, then one piece of cushion block of highest in one group of cushion block being arranged between each outer support block of second batch jack and respective external jack is pumped, next each outside jack in second batch jack is operated, the push rod of each outside jack is set to be protruded upward relative to pedestal, so that the cushion block of the top is contacted with outer support block and held out against mutually in group residue cushion block, the inside support pile body under each internal jack that will be arranged at again in second batch jack cuts off certain length, so that forming larger gap between remaining internal support pile body after the pedestal of inside jack in second batch jack and cutting, next each internal jack in second batch jack is operated, make the pedestal of each internal jack relative to push rod falls downward, so that the top contact of remaining internal support pile body is held out against after the pedestal of each internal jack in second batch jack and cutting, so that whole load of open caisson are concentrated on first and second batch jack simultaneously；(6) stopping means around each outside mandril of lifting jack is removed； (7) all inside and outside jack are operated, make the push rod of each jack to pedestal retraction certain distance, and make still to leave more than 30 millimeters of stroke gap, the certain depth so that open caisson sinks again in construction area between push rod and pedestal；(8) soil in shaft bottom in open caisson is cut out one layer, so that a part for each internal support pile body is exposed from soil；(9) be repeated in above-mentioned steps (4),（5)、 （6)、 （7) and (8), so that open caisson constantly sinks, until the cushion block on each outside jack is pumped, and each outside jack is made directly to have withstood corresponding outer support block；(10) all inside and outside jack are operated, the push rod of each jack is gradually retracted to pedestal, open caisson gradually sinks down into setting absolute altitude；(11) jack is removed in batches, and is supporting upper cushion cap concrete at the top of pile body, until open caisson all by cushion cap concrete support on support pile bodies top, and then realization is accurate heavy eventually.5. the method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The outer support block of caisson structure includes base portion and a pair of the limited walls extended from the base portion；Base portion and limited wall longitudinally extend on the whole height of the borehole wall；The limited wall is protruded from outside wall surface, and the guiding pad rail of cuboid shape is provided with it；One group of cushion block is arranged in the space surrounded between base portion and limited wall and guiding pad rail, and it is interconnected between described two limited walls by the limiting plate of cuboid shape, so that cushion block is restricted to two limited walls, in the space that guiding pad rail and limiting plate are surrounded, described two limited walls, guiding pad rail and limiting plate together constitute above-mentioned stopping means, so that cushion block only can be longitudinally movable.6. the method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The support pile body is prestressed high-strength concrete pile or steel-pipe pile, and pile tube must be driven into the native supporting course of the basement rock of underground.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009801026576A CN101918643B (en) | 2008-01-24 | 2009-01-06 | Caisson structure and method of sinking the caisson structure into the ground exactly |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200810026012.6 | 2008-01-24 | ||
| CN200810026012A CN101418573B (en) | 2008-01-24 | 2008-01-24 | Caisson structure and method for smoothly and accurately sinking caisson structure into earth surface |
| CN2009801026576A CN101918643B (en) | 2008-01-24 | 2009-01-06 | Caisson structure and method of sinking the caisson structure into the ground exactly |
| PCT/CN2009/070038 WO2009094912A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 | 2009-01-06 | Caisson structure and method of sinking the caisson structure into the ground exactly |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101918643A true CN101918643A (en) | 2010-12-15 |
| CN101918643B CN101918643B (en) | 2012-10-10 |
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| CN200810026012A Expired - Fee Related CN101418573B (en) | 2008-01-24 | 2008-01-24 | Caisson structure and method for smoothly and accurately sinking caisson structure into earth surface |
| CN2009801026576A Expired - Fee Related CN101918643B (en) | 2008-01-24 | 2009-01-06 | Caisson structure and method of sinking the caisson structure into the ground exactly |
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| CN200810026012A Expired - Fee Related CN101418573B (en) | 2008-01-24 | 2008-01-24 | Caisson structure and method for smoothly and accurately sinking caisson structure into earth surface |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20100296876A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2246481A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2011510195A (en) |
| CN (2) | CN101418573B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009094912A1 (en) |
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| CN109098201A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2018-12-28 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of super plane area portions prestressed concrete well foundation and its construction method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101418573B (en) | 2012-09-05 |
| WO2009094912A1 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
| EP2246481A1 (en) | 2010-11-03 |
| CN101418573A (en) | 2009-04-29 |
| JP2011510195A (en) | 2011-03-31 |
| US20100296876A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
| CN101918643B (en) | 2012-10-10 |
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