CN101915365B - 基于led的灯泡 - Google Patents
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- CN101915365B CN101915365B CN2010102261987A CN201010226198A CN101915365B CN 101915365 B CN101915365 B CN 101915365B CN 2010102261987 A CN2010102261987 A CN 2010102261987A CN 201010226198 A CN201010226198 A CN 201010226198A CN 101915365 B CN101915365 B CN 101915365B
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- F21K9/23—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings
- F21K9/232—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings specially adapted for generating an essentially omnidirectional light distribution, e.g. with a glass bulb
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Abstract
一种光源(10),包括光引擎(16)、灯座(24)、功率转换电路(30)、以及外壳(22)。光引擎(16)包括设置在平台(14)上的至少一个LED(12)。平台(14)适合于与灯座(24)直接配合,灯座(24)是标准白炽灯泡灯座。荧光体(44)接收由至少一个LED(12)产生的光并将其转换成可见光。外壳(22)具有标准白炽灯的形状。
Description
本申请是申请日为2004年5月5日、申请号为200480015673.9、发明名称为“基于LED的灯泡”的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及LED照明***的技术。本发明特别适合用于传统上用于白炽光源的照明组件,并特别参照它来进行描述。本领域内的技术人员将意识到,本发明使LED光源适用于传统灯泡照明组件中,能够提供诸如延长的耐用性、光输出的稳定性、以及节能等优点。
背景技术
典型地,白炽灯泡组件利用包括玻璃外壳内的白炽灯丝的光源。然而,白炽灯丝是易碎的,并在灯泡的使用寿命期间趋向于逐渐退化(degrade),导致由灯丝产生的有效光输出随着时间推移而减少。灯丝的易碎性因年久而增加,最终导致断裂。通常的白炽灯泡的平均寿命为500小时至4,000小时。
发光二极管(LED)是作为灯泡组件中的光源的具有吸引力的替代物。低功率、固态LED灯能够维持高达100,000小时(11年),远远超过典型白炽灯泡的寿命。当LED在100,000小时之后退化到其初始强度的一半时,其继续以减小的输出工作。在以减小的输出工作的情况下,LED的能量效率仍比白炽灯泡高出十倍,并且大约是荧光灯的效率的两倍。除了产生很少热量以及能量高效之外,LED是没有活动部件的固态器件。LED特性不会因年久而显著变化,并且其不易被撞击或振动损坏。这使得LED照明***非常可靠。LED的小外形和由其产生的低热量使照明***能够采用各种形状和尺寸。
因为顾客习惯于看和购买传统的灯泡,因此限制了LED照明***的普遍使用。在市场上的各种灯泡照明组件数量非常巨大。除了独特的装饰性外观外,这些组件在发光级别、色温、电需求、以及其他特性上也不同。一种方法是直接将LED改型成现有的照明组件。然而,单个LED不能产生具有与每个现有白炽灯泡相同的光学特性的光输出。此外,LED发射导致小光角的高定向光并且需要不同的输入功率。
本发明提供了一种新的LED灯。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,公开了一种光源。光引擎(light engine)产生具有多个波长中的一个波长的光。光引擎包括平台以及设置于平台上的至少一个LED。外壳,包括开口端,所述外壳包围光引擎的光发生区域;所述平台布置在所述外壳的所述开口端上并且封闭所述开口端。灯座(base)包括散热片,用于传导热能远离该至少一个LED。光引擎和散热片安装到灯座中。波长转换材料,用于接收由所述光引擎产生的光并将至少一些所接收的光转换成可见光,波长转换材料,用于接收由所述光引擎产生的光并将至少一些所接收的光转换成可见光,所述波长转换材料为被设置在所述外壳的内表面或外表面中的至少一个上和分散在形成所述外壳的材料内中的一项或者二项。转换电路向光引擎提供电功率。
本发明的一个优点在于,提供了一种可以在各种灯泡平台上使用的共用光引擎。
本发明的另一优点在于,提供了一种可适应的(adaptable)并且可定标的(scalable)LED灯设计。
根据本发明的光源还包括设置在外壳中的导光件。该导光件提供灯丝的外观。
可选地,导光件包括反射器。
根据本发明,波长转换材料包括荧光体。该荧光体包括以下之一:有机荧光体;稀土元素金属的有机复合体;纳米荧光体;量子点荧光体。
根据本发明的光源还包括折射率匹配材料和透镜化材料中的一种,包围所述至少一个LED。
根据本发明,灯座适合于与所述光引擎配合。
根据本发明的一个设计方案,散热片包括:块,***到所述灯座中,用于将所述热能从所述至少一个LED传导到所述灯座和周围空气中的至少一个。其中,所述块包括:多个翅片,设置在***周围。
根据本发明,所述散热片从所述灯座放射状地伸展,以将所述热能传导到周围空气。
根据本发明,所述转换电路包括:AC-DC转换器。
根据本发明,外壳具有椭圆形的形状。可选地,外壳具有球形的形状。
根据本发明,灯座还包括热电致冷、压电合成喷射、压电风扇或电风扇。
根据本发明,平台包括印刷电路板或者散热片。
根据本发明,灯座是螺口灯座或商业上可获得的卡口灯座。
根据本发明的另一方面提出一种光源:包括:用于产生第一波长的光的光引擎,所述光引擎包括:平坦的平台,以及至少一个LED,设置于所述平台上;外壳,包围所述光引擎的光发生区域;散热片,与所述平台进行热传递,用于将热能传导远离所述至少一个LED;转换电路,用于向所述光引擎提供电功率;灯座,所述平台安装在所述灯座上,所述灯座用于容纳所述转换电路和所述散热片;以及波长转换材料,设置在所述外壳的内表面或外表面中的至少一个上,所述波长转换材料接收由所述光引擎产生的第一波长的光,并且将至少一些所述第一波长的光转换成第二波长的光;并且其中,形成所述光源的所述外壳和所述灯座具有垂直于所述平台的平面的纵向轴线。
根据本发明,所述光源包括多个LED并且其中,所有的所述LED都布置在所述平台上。
对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,通过阅读和理解以下详细描述优选实施例,本发明的其他优点和好处将变得显而易见。
附图说明
本发明可以在各种部件及部件的配置、以及各种步骤及步骤的排列中成形。附图仅仅用于解释说明优选实施例,并不是用于限制本发明。
图1示意性地示出基于LED的灯的截面图;
图2示意性地示出包括LED的平台的俯视图;
图3示意性地示出包括散热块(heat dissipating slug)的基于LED的灯的截面图;
图4示意性地示出包括扩展的散热块的基于LED的灯的截面图;
图5示意性地示出包括荧光体板的基于LED的灯的截面图;以及
图6示意性地示出包括灯丝导光件(light guide)的基于LED的灯的截面图。
具体实施方式
参照图1和图2,照明***10包括一个或多个LED12,其位于安装平台14上,该平台限定了光引擎16。引线18、20被提供用于为LED12供电。LED12是无机和有机发光器件中之一,用于发射从UV至红外线光谱中的光。通过以不同的方式设置LED可以实现不同的光学性能、视角、和强度级。照明***10包括灯罩或外壳22。优选地,外壳22是传统的灯泡形外壳。可选地,外壳22是定制的外壳,以提供不均匀的光输出来制造特殊的视觉效果。注意到外壳22可以是球形的、椭圆形的、圆柱形的、半球形的、方形的、n面形的、或任何其他形状。优选地,外壳22由透光或半透光材料或者其化合物制成。外壳22的材料选自玻璃、塑料、丙烯酸纤维、聚碳酸酯、或其他适当的材料。
优选地,平台14是其上可以生长半导体的衬底。平台14可以是蓝宝石、砷化镓、碳化硅、磷化镓、砷化镓、氮化镓、或其他适当的材料中的一种。还注意到平台14可以是印刷电路板、散热片、或用于安装LED12的任何其他适当的装置。LED12通过焊接、丝焊、热声波(thermosonic)、热压缩(thermocom pression)、导电粘合剂、导热粘合剂、其他适当的方法、或上述方法的组合中的一种附着在平台14上。还注意到LED12可以靠近罩22或制造成为其组成部分。
平台14适合于直接安装到灯座或插座24中。在一个实施例中,灯座24具有光引擎16***其中的插座。优选地,灯座24是一种商业上可获得的灯泡插座,以易于现场交换(field exchange)和将具有LED光引擎16的灯泡改型,使得外壳22能够安在光引擎16上。例如,在一个实施例中,灯座24是商业上可获得的诸如6S6螺口灯座、194卡口灯座(wedge base)等白炽灯插座中的一种。这样的设计使得可以在不经改变灯插座或灯外壳的情况下,用各种不同的LED光引擎替换传统的灯。可选地,灯座24是定制的。至少一个散热片26整体地设置为与光引擎16和灯座24进行热传递,以从LED12带走热量。散热片26用能够将热量传导远离LED12的材料制成。适当的材料的实例包括铜、铝、碳化硅、氮化硼、和其他已知的具有高导热系数的材料。
优选地,使用折射率匹配(index matching)材料28来包围光引擎16,以提高光提取。折射率匹配材料从硅、丙烯酸树脂、环氧树脂、热塑性塑料、玻璃、和任何其他适当的材料中选择。可选地,优选地起到热扩散媒质作用的折射率匹配流体存在于光引擎16和罩22之间。流体从固体、凝胶体、液体、碳氟化合物冷却剂、发光材料等中选择,用于产生期望视觉效果。此外,反射的或半透明的粒子可以添加到流体,用于产生更多的视觉效果。罩22与内部流体共同作用,以优化光提取和/或提供视觉效果。在一个实施例中,折射率匹配材料28被构造为提供透镜化(lensing)。
为了向LED12提供适当的电功率,照明***10包括一个或多个电功率转换电路、或控制电子设备、或功率电子电路30,其优选地与光引擎16结合。可选地,电功率转换电路30可以靠近光引擎16、位于灯座24内、或设置为远离照明***10。在一个实施例中,电功率转换电路包括AC/DC转换器,其允许用标准家用120V AC或国际220V AC用户电压来给基于LED的照明***10供电。这样的电路使LED灯真正地代替了灯泡。优选地,功率电子电路30是二维或三维结构,以提供最小尺寸。在一个实施例中,电功率转换电路30是柔性电路(flexible circuit)。可选地,电功率转换电路30是非平面电路板。
参照图3,照明***10包括散热块32。散热块32被设置为与灯座24进行热传递,以将热量从光引擎16传导到灯座24中。可选地,散热块32将热量从光引擎16传递到空气中。优选地,散热块32包括设置在块32的***周围的多个径向翅片(fin)34。
参照图4,散热块32伸展出灯座24,以将热量从光引擎16传递到空气中。
可选地,灯座24包括热电致冷、压电合成喷射(piezo syntheticjet)、qu-管(qu-pipe)、热管、压电风扇和电风扇、或其他形式的有效致冷中的至少一个。
参照图5和图6,照明***10包括诸如有机或无机荧光体(phosphor,磷光体)的波长转换材料。荧光体可以位于任何适当的位置,诸如结合到LED12中、在导光件36处、涂覆在罩22的里面或外面、包含在罩22内、或上述的组合。
在一个实施例中,外壳22包括透明有机荧光体,其优选地涂覆在外壳22的内表面、或外表面、或其组合。还注意到通过任何其他方式,可以使荧光体在形成外壳22的壁内溶解、熔化、复合(coextrude)、或分散。优选地,荧光体的分布是均匀的。在一个实施例中,荧光体的分布是不均匀的,以产生预选择图样、图形、不同颜色的特殊视觉效果、和其他效果。还注意到透明荧光体和传统的不透明荧光体均能够用于产生特殊效果、图样、或图形。在一个实施例中,外壳22是磨砂的(frosted)或经过其他的处理,以提供特殊视觉效果。有机透明荧光体的实例是BASF Lumogen F染料,诸如Lumogen F黄色083、Lumogen F橙色240、Lumogen F红色300、和Lumogen F紫蓝色570。当然,还注意到可以使用下列其他荧光体:诸如在美国专利第6,366,033号中描述的带有有机成分的稀土元素复合物、在美国专利第6,207,229号中描述的量子点荧光体、在美国专利第6,048,616号中描述的纳米荧光体、或其他适当的荧光体。
继续参照图5,UV光线40由LED12发射并由荧光体44转换成白光或可见光42。尽管为了产生饱和色光而具体化单组分荧光体,但是荧光体44优选地包括两种或多种荧光体,以将发射光40转换成可见光42。可见光42通过外壳22射出。在该实施例中,荧光体混合物44被设置在导光件36附近或设置在导光件36内,导光件是设置在LED12上方的平面面板,使得大部分的光线40撞击面板。
再次参照图6,导光件36是设置于外壳22内的灯丝,用于创建“灯丝状”基于LED的照明***。更特别地,荧光体44直接应用到LED12,使得发射光40在LED12处被转换成可见光42。可见光42撞击导光件36并使灯丝形状适应于模拟“灯丝状”灯泡。可选地,悬挂反射器可以用于模拟灯丝形状。反射器可以是“填塞的(wadded)”锡箔、卷曲的镀铝弹簧等。可选地,导光件36是具有表面、内部、或其他漫射体(diffuser)(诸如受抑(frustrated)TIR(全内反射)漫射体)的卷曲的光纤,以允许光在期望位置射出。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (19)
1.一种光源,包括:
光引擎,用于产生多个波长中的一个波长的光,所述光引擎包括:
平台,以及
至少一个LED,设置于所述平台上;
外壳,包括开口端,所述外壳包围所述光引擎的光发生区域;所述平台布置在所述外壳的所述开口端上并且封闭所述开口端;
灯座,包括散热片,用于将热能传导远离所述至少一个LED,所述光引擎和所述散热片安装到所述灯座中;
波长转换材料,用于接收由所述光引擎产生的光并将至少一些所接收的光转换成可见光,所述波长转换材料被设置在所述外壳的内表面或外表面中的至少一个上和分散在形成所述外壳的材料内中的一项或者二项;以及
转换电路,用于向所述光引擎提供电功率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光源,还包括:
导光件,设置于所述外壳内。
3.根据权利要求2所述的光源,其中,所述导光件提供灯丝的外观。
4.根据权利要求2所述的光源,其中,所述导光件包括反射器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的光源,其中,所述波长转换材料包括荧光体。
6.根据权利要求5所述的光源,其中,所述荧光体包括以下之一:
有机荧光体,
稀土元素金属的有机复合体,
纳米荧光体,以及
量子点荧光体。
7.根据权利要求1所述的光源,还包括:
折射率匹配材料和透镜化材料中的一种,包围所述至少一个LED。
8.根据权利要求1所述的光源,其中,所述灯座适合于与所述光引擎配合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的光源,其中,所述散热片包括:
块,***到所述灯座中,用于将所述热能从所述至少一个LED传导到所述灯座和周围空气中的至少一个。
10.根据权利要求9所述的光源,其中,所述块包括:
多个翅片,设置在***周围。
11.根据权利要求1所述的光源,其中,所述散热片从所述灯座放
射状地伸展,以将所述热能传导到周围空气。
12.根据权利要求1所述的光源,其中,所述转换电路包括:
AC-DC转换器。
13.根据权利要求1所述的光源,其中,所述外壳具有椭圆形的形状。
14.根据权利要求1所述的光源,其中,所述外壳具有球形的形状。
15.根据权利要求1所述的光源,其中,所述灯座还包括热电致冷、压电合成喷射、压电风扇或电风扇。
16.根据权利要求1所述的光源,其中,所述平台是印刷电路板或者散热片。
17.根据权利要求1所述的光源,其中,所述灯座是螺口灯座或商业上可获得的卡口灯座。
18.一种光源:包括:
用于产生第一波长的光的光引擎,所述光引擎包括:
平坦的平台,以及
至少一个LED,设置于所述平台上;
外壳,包围所述光引擎的光发生区域;
散热片,与所述平台进行热传递,用于将热能传导远离所述至少一个LED;
转换电路,用于向所述光引擎提供电功率;
灯座,所述平台安装在所述灯座上,所述灯座用于容纳所述转换电路和所述散热片;以及
波长转换材料,设置在所述外壳的内表面或外表面中的至少一个上,所述波长转换材料接收由所述光引擎产生的第一波长的光,并且将至少一些所述第一波长的光转换成第二波长的光;并且
其中,形成所述光源的所述外壳和所述灯座具有垂直于所述平台的平面的纵向轴线。
19.根据权利要求18所述的光源,其中,所述光源包括多个LED并且其中,所有的所述LED都布置在所述平台上。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2006525648A (ja) | 2006-11-09 |
US20120176770A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
US9944519B2 (en) | 2018-04-17 |
CN1802533A (zh) | 2006-07-12 |
EP1627178A4 (en) | 2008-04-23 |
JP5815982B2 (ja) | 2015-11-17 |
EP2484962B1 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
US20070267976A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
EP1627178B1 (en) | 2018-11-07 |
JP2011165675A (ja) | 2011-08-25 |
US20120230012A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
CN1802533B (zh) | 2010-11-24 |
EP2484962A3 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
WO2004100213A3 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
EP2484962A2 (en) | 2012-08-08 |
JP5566564B2 (ja) | 2014-08-06 |
EP1627178A2 (en) | 2006-02-22 |
WO2004100213A2 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
US20120176804A1 (en) | 2012-07-12 |
CN101915365A (zh) | 2010-12-15 |
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