CN101849271A - 多电极串联排列超级电容器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明是一种形成为单电解质电池结构的电化学双层电容器(EDLC)串联堆叠。级联的多电极组件堆叠具有串联电气连接的电极组件。所述电极组件具有形成在集流体上的双面活性碳电极。电力接头连接到端部的电极组件。还提供了电解质。聚合物袋容纳所述电解质和电极组件。电极组件在集流体上形成双面活性碳电极。所述EDLC堆叠具有多个段和分隔所述多个段的多个无质量区域。所述段是折叠的,使得无质量区域被设置在每个折叠的顶点。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2007年9月25日提交的、申请系列号为11/903929、名称为“Multi Electrode Series Connected ArrangementSupercapacitor”,在此完整引用作为参考的美国非临时专利申请的优先权,并且本申请是上述美国申请的继续申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及电化学双层电容器装置,更具体地,涉及一种在单个电池中使用多个串联连接的电极组件以形成预定的耐压(voltagestandoff)的装置。
背景技术
现今制造的直流电子电路和装置具有正常工作所需要的特定电压要求。额定电压可以从1.2伏至数百伏。电源必须与负载需求相匹配。
直至最近只有具有特定电压窗口的化学电池适合于特定的应用。最普通的电池是1.5伏单节电池。为了获得更大的电压限制,必须将单独的电池堆叠起来或串联连接在一起,正到负到正到负等。因此,将单独的电池组合成电池组是克服单节电池的电压限制的常规方案。较大的电池仅仅是放置在一个具有单一输入和输出端子的容器中的较小的串联单个电池的集合。
对称的双极电化学双层电容器(electrochemical double layercapacitor)或EDLC是通过交替地层叠电极材料和隔板(seperator)以形成堆叠结构的电极组件而构建的。电极材料一般由电容器级别铝(capacitor grade aluminum)开始制作。活性碳混合物被沉淀或层积在顶部和底部,形成双面电极。这些电极中的两个被使用,在一个简单电池中一个电极用作正极端,另一个用作负极端。隔板被用来电气隔离这两个电极,同时也用作带电质子的导体。通常,所完成的电极组件随后被放入一个具有电解质的罐中,然后被密封,形成一种单电池结构。
直至现在,如化学电池一样,单独的EDLC电池必须在由电解质的选择所确定的特定电压范围内操作。目前使用的电解质有两种不同的形式:水性的和质子惰性的。水性电解质对于每一电池一般具有1.0至1.2伏的工作窗口。然而质子惰性的或浸湿的电解质则对于每一电池具有2.2至4.6伏的工作电压范围。在本公开内容中,乙腈溶剂与一种1.0M TEABF4季盐一起使用。
带电离子传递主要发生在一个区域,即亥姆霍兹层,这对于电化学家是公知的。该层仅有数埃厚并且形成在集流体和活性碳之间。就是在这个区域中,正或负带电粒子向集流体传递其电荷。在中性溶液状态或不带电状态,电解质具有均匀分布零电荷。在所述电极组件结构得到或失去电荷时,电荷各自独立地向自己的极性端移动。电荷浓度穿过活性碳复合材料进入亥姆霍兹区而达到不同程度。电解质电荷浓度的水平在隔板处最小,而在亥姆霍兹区最高。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种具有电解质的电化学双层电容器单电池,并入了串联连接电极组件以提供提高电压的堆叠。该串联电压堆叠具有基本上独立的串联电气级联在一起的电极组件。所述电极具有形成在电容器级别铝集流体(capacitor grade aluminum current collector)上的双面活性碳成分。
所述EDLC堆叠具有多个段和分隔所述段的无质量区域(massfree zone)。所述段是折叠的以使无质量区域被设置在每个折叠的顶点。正和负的电力接头(power tab)连接到所述电极组件的端部伸出部分。监视/控制接头被可操作地附接并从串联连接的段中延伸出来。在一个实施例中,一个聚合物袋(poly bag),作为单个电池,容纳所述电解质和所述电极组件。电力和监视/控制接头可操作地从所述电极组件中延伸出来。所述EDLC堆叠具有多个段和分隔这些段的无质量区域。所述段是折叠的以使所述无质量区域被设置在每个折叠的顶点。
附图说明
本发明的各种目的、特征和伴随的优点将结合附图得到更全面的认识和更好的理解。在这些附图中相同的附图标记表示相同或相近的部件,其中
图1a是现有技术中单个EDLC装置的部件的前视图;
图1b是组装的图1a中的单个EDLC装置的侧视图;
图2是具有外部监视/控制引线的12伏EDLC单元的图示;
图3是为12伏堆叠排列的集成组件专门制造的两个电极的前侧、上侧和下侧的图示;
图4是为12伏堆叠排列的集成组件专门制造的两个电极的后侧、上侧和下侧的图示;
图5是完整的12伏串联电极组件的图示,示出了并入到折叠方案中的电力和监视/控制接头;
图6是完整的单电池串联12伏装置封装在具有电力和监视/控制引线伸出部分的聚合物袋中的图示。
具体实施方式
本发明是一种对称的双极电化学双层电容器装置。串联多电压堆叠具有串联电气连接的电极组件。这些电极组件具有形成在集流体上的双面活性碳电极。聚合物袋用于容纳电解质和所述电极组件。
开发了两个实施例来增加通常具有2.7伏额定电压的单电池装置的耐压。虽然这里描述了12伏电池,但是应该理解,可以获得任何其他电压,包括但不限于12伏电池。
单独的EDLC电极和所需的隔板10在图1示出,而图1b中示出完整的组件20。EDLC电极组件20的典型的2.7伏(1MTEABF4/ACN)的电解质窗口被分成应用所需要的所需电压。主要的考虑是在考虑串联的EDLC串时,所述电解质仅依赖于第一电极组件和它的电解质电压窗口。
如图所示,两个双面活性碳电极11和12彼此平行地放置。隔板13和14在所述两个电极11、12之间和下面延伸。负极裸露铝箔接头16和正极裸露铝箔接头15从各自的电极12、11延伸。虽然在图1a中显示的电极11、12和隔板13,14之间彼此偏移,但这种描绘仅仅是示例性的。电极11、12从底部向顶部卷绕,分别留下端子接头15、16,使它们彼此之间成180°被暴露。
现在也参考图1b,EDLC电极10的顶视图分别显示了负极和正极接头16、15。隔板14、13电气隔离电极12、11。聚酰亚胺带21绑定电极12、11和隔板14、13组成的包,就像一块三明治。在制造单个EDLC 10、20时所用的活性碳和复合材料的量取决于整个电池所需的电容。
参考图2,其示出了对于包括5个级联的电极组件34-38的整个结构仅使用一种电解质43(未示出)的单个EDLC装置10。电压监视/控制接头39-42延伸到袋31的外部。电力接头32、33和电压控制/监视接头39-42提供了完整的电气接口。图2示出了在聚合物袋封装中的完整的12伏EDLC。
在乙腈中使用1.0M的TEABF4电解质将电压限定在2.7伏。这是确定整个堆叠30所需要的电极组件的总数量的决定性因素。例如,如图所示的12伏电池需要5个组件。电极组件之间的集流体接口接头被超声波焊接32以使电引线电阻最小。
难以制造包含准确电容量的单独电极以使堆叠中的所有组件都相同。正因为如此,监视/控制端子接头39-42是外部可用的。
聚合物袋31是多层构造,未在图中显示。聚合物袋31提供了一种重量轻、抗穿刺并且气密的密封,具有寿命长的特点并且对在本实施例中使用的电解质是化学惰性的。聚合物袋31也具有小的形状因子,因为所有的气体可以被氮气取代,然后被排空,并加入电解质以形成真空密封。密封剂材料是在120℃下重整的线性低密度聚乙烯。低密度聚乙烯层随后被施加并用作束缚层。束缚层是非常薄的层,用于粘合和将两种不同的材料保持在一起。铜被用作非化学反应箔层以使组件防潮。铜被夹在另一个低密度聚乙烯层之间。最外面的抗穿刺材料是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯层。
特定耐压的EDLC并不一定需要单独的电极组件被独立制造并通过焊接连接在一起,如优选实施例中所示(图2)。被包含在单电池EDLC中的每个电极组件所需要的两个电极可以被制造成容纳分离的活性碳分区,这是集流体电容器级别铝上的串联的单独电极组件。
图3示出了图5的完整EDLC单元的一侧上的两个电极的前侧、上侧和下侧视图。而图4则示出了其后侧、上侧和下侧视图。折叠线53(图3)显示了电极排列的顶部和底部部分折叠的地方。类似地,在图4中,折叠线53显示了顶部电极和底部电极50a折叠并且交迭的位置。
图3和图4中的12伏制造电极在电极的每一侧上具有一共10个活性碳垫片(pad),它们彼此之间碳隔离。图3和4中的接头可以以颜色编码以表示特定电压极性段。图3和图4示出了装置的前面和后面,活性碳垫片分割区域被压印在两个铝集流体上,利用所述铝集流体可以针对12伏堆叠配置双电极结构。也可以按照需要针对更大和更小的电压堆叠排列配置其它的电极排列。
每一个垫片的电容和它在集流体上的排列决定整个电池电容。活性碳混合物具有与其固有物理性质(如孔尺寸和孔尺寸的分布)相关联的特定电容。碳装载和特定电容产生所希望的单位是法拉每立方厘米(F/cm3)的电容。由于应用耐压决定了垫片的体积尺寸,因此必须计算垫片的体积L×W×H。单独的垫片被设计并被复制以填充整个集流体界面。
参考图3和图4,必须识别集流体上的碳复合材料的垫片区域,以确保单独电极端子之间的电压隔离。区域54-57相对于组件的其他部分被净切割(cut clean)或没有箔片。
参考图5和图6,首先通过在铝集流体上层叠一种由特制的活性碳和粘结剂的组合物构成的薄涂层(未示出)来制造如在图3和4中所示的那种单电极铝集流体结构。按照所施加的碳的物理区域L×W×H将电容设计到电极50、50a中。无质量区域58-61是不含碳的,并且连同用于串联电极电压级的净切割区域54-57被用作折叠点。两个分离的并且在物理上不同的电极被提供,一个是正电极而另一个是负电极。该独特的折叠方案为单电池双层电容器提供了串联的五个段。由于每个电极在两侧都具有碳复合物,因此每个电极的双极碳复合物布局(图3)与交替的电极(图4)精确匹配。
聚合物袋92(图6)的材料被切割成电极组件81的期望的形状,形成超出电极组件边缘之外的聚合物袋材料的伸出部分,以绕凸出的引线94(62,66)、95(63,67)、96(64,68)和97(65,69)提供更好的密封。在该12伏组件80中突出到所述聚合物袋92外部的伸出部分的总数包括电源71和具有四个接头94-97以分别连接串联堆叠的地线52。所述单独的串联电池铝接头通过使用超声波焊接到铜或铝的扁平储备材料,所述材料是通过聚合物袋92被引出的。
由于为了适应特殊的操作需求和环境而进行的其他的改进和修改在本领域是显而易见的,因此本发明并不限于为公开的目的而选择的实施例,并且本发明覆盖了所有在不背离本发明的真实精神和意图下所做的改变和修改。
通过对本发明的描述,本专利申请所希望保护的内容通过所附的权利要求呈现。
Claims (16)
1.一种电化学双层电容器EDLC堆叠,包括:
a)串联多电压堆叠,包括多个串联电气连接的电极组件,所述电极组件包括形成在集流体上的双面活性碳电极;
b)电解质;和
c)用于容纳所述电解质和所述多个电极组件的聚合物袋。
2.根据权利要求1所述的EDLC堆叠,进一步包括可操作地连接到所述多个电极组件的电力接头。
3.根据权利要求1所述的EDLC堆叠,其中所述聚合物袋为所述电池堆叠提供外部接口。
4.根据权利要求1所述的EDLC堆叠,其中所述电极组件包含形成在集流体上的双面活性碳电极。
5.根据权利要求1所述的EDLC堆叠,其中所述EDLC堆叠包括多个段,并且进一步包括分隔所述多个段的多个无质量区域。
6.根据权利要求5所述的EDLC堆叠,其中所述多个段是折叠的以使所述无质量区域被设置在折叠的顶点。
7.根据权利要求1所述的EDLC堆叠,其中所述聚合物袋被成形为与所述EDLC堆叠相适应。
8.根据权利要求1所述的EDLC堆叠,其中所述聚合物袋包括具有用于供应多个不同电压堆叠的一个电解质源的单电池结构,从而产生多种不同的端电压限制。
9.一种电化学双层电容器EDLC堆叠,包括:
a)串联多电压堆叠,包括多个串联电气连接的电极组件;
b)电解质;和
c)用于容纳所述多个电极组件的聚合物袋。
10.根据权利要求9所述的EDLC堆叠,进一步包括可操作地连接到所述多个电极组件的电力接头。
11.根据权利要求9所述的EDLC堆叠,其中所述聚合物袋为所述电池堆叠提供外部接口。
12.根据权利要求9所述的EDLC堆叠,其中所述电极组件包含形成在集流体上的双面活性碳电极。
13.根据权利要求9所述的EDLC堆叠,其中所述EDLC堆叠包括多个段,并且进一步包括分隔所述多个段的多个无质量区域。
14.根据权利要求13所述的EDLC堆叠,其中所述多个段是折叠的以使所述无质量区域被设置在折叠的顶点。
15.根据权利要求9所述的EDLC堆叠,其中所述聚合物袋被成形为与所述EDLC堆叠相适应。
16.根据权利要求9所述的EDLC堆叠,其中所述聚合物袋是包括能够供应多个不同电压堆叠的一个电解质源的单电池结构,从而产生多种不同的端电压限制。
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2007
- 2007-09-25 US US11/903,929 patent/US7830646B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-09-24 EP EP08834022.9A patent/EP2193532A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-09-24 WO PCT/US2008/077460 patent/WO2009042649A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-09-24 CN CN200880115065A patent/CN101849271A/zh active Pending
-
2010
- 2010-10-25 US US12/911,115 patent/US8098483B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103889902A (zh) * | 2011-10-14 | 2014-06-25 | 沃尔泰亚公司 | 用于去除离子的设备和方法 |
CN103889902B (zh) * | 2011-10-14 | 2019-05-17 | 沃尔泰亚公司 | 用于去除离子的设备和方法 |
CN102683014A (zh) * | 2012-05-13 | 2012-09-19 | 江苏有能电力自动化有限公司 | 一种新型电容器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2009042649A1 (en) | 2009-04-02 |
US7830646B2 (en) | 2010-11-09 |
US20090080141A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
US8098483B2 (en) | 2012-01-17 |
US20110032661A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
EP2193532A4 (en) | 2017-03-22 |
EP2193532A1 (en) | 2010-06-09 |
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