Rhododendron delavayi float seedling method
Technical field
The present invention relates to flowers floating seedlings technology, particularly relate to the lantana industrialization and produce seedling growing process.
Background technology
In recent years, alpine rose was as the newly-increased kind of flowers market, was subjected to liking and pursuing of people day by day.Lantana is one of initial species alpine rose that originates in western part, Yunnan, and its leaf look evergreen, and pattern is red gorgeous like fire, and flower shape is plentiful mellow and full, is a kind of good garden landscape plant and potted flower plant.
Industrialization development to lantana at present still is in the starting stage, and can seedling large-scale production be one of key of its industrialization development of restriction.Lantana can produce a large amount of seeds under the natural conditions, therefore can collect a large amount of lantana seeds and breed seedling with seeding method.Newspaper existing literature report, in the laboratory, if adopt the conventional seed planting method, the germination rate of lantana is about 52% in culture dish, if after adopting certain chemistry, physical means storage or seed soaking, though the germination rate of lantana reaches as high as 92%, cost and operation then increase greatly, and the sprouting in the laboratory is an index with prominent the breaking in the seed coat of radicle only, does not represent last emergence rate; And aborning, if directly the lantana seed is broadcast in the seedbed, its emergence rate and has increased the workload of thinning thereafter and transplanting only about 45%, has improved cost.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the quick reproduction technique problem of above-mentioned lantana, invent a kind of lantana industrialization floating seedlings technology, this method is practical, easy and simple to handle, with low cost, with strong points, and industrialization is effective, lantana planting percent height, the nursery stock later stage grows up, and occupy the leading position at home.
The method of a kind of rhododendron delavayi float seedling of the present invention is characterized in that containing following steps:
(1), build the floating seedlings pond: addressing, build pond and scaffolding;
(2), the preparation of seedling medium:
Matrix is humus soil: red soil: fine sand: perlite: the volume ratio of ash=5: 1: 2: 1.7: 0.3, when aglucon matter, must earlier humus soil, red soil be pulverized, add fine sand, perlite, ash afterwards, and it is mixed, the matrix that mixes is adopted the fumigating system disinfection, and then add 10% water and carry out evenly moistening, at last, the pH value of regulating matrix is used FeSO to 5.5-6.0 when the inclined to one side alkali of matrix
4PH turns down with matrix, with NaOH solution its PH is heightened when the matrix meta-acid;
(3), the sabot of matrix and sowing:
The floating seedlings dish adopts me to obtain the flowers floating seedlings dish of patent, the patent No.: ZL 01214018.X, the matrix of having mixed is packed in the seedling-cultivating tray, then with its light shake twice, scrape off the surface dust that exceeds card with plank again, the seed of lantana is very tiny, is sprinkled upon it in seedling-cultivating tray uniformly during sowing as far as possible, after seed is sowed, spill the thin matrix of one deck again and cover;
(4), the nutritive liquid for floating breeding that adds lantana:
After finishing kind, can will float dish and put to nursery pond, to emerging, lantana needs about four months altogether from sowing, at this moment between in the section, according to the different requirements of lantana, can be divided into three phases to nutrient solution:
Phase I: in two months after the sowing beginning, the nutrient solution in this stage is based on natural minerals water, and the pH value of fossil water was best between 6.26.5, changed a natural water every 15 days;
Second stage: from sowing in three month after beginning, changed one time natural minerals water every 10 days, can in water, add KNO in right amount at every turn
3, NH
4NO
3, C
a(NO
3)
2.4H
2O, the amount of adding slightly changes with various places water quality difference;
Phase III: from sowing in four month after beginning, during this period, change natural minerals water once, can in natural minerals water, increase multi-component composite fertilizer in right amount at every turn every first quarter moon.
Described addressing is: the addressing of floating seedlings pond is smooth in physical features, traffic convenience, water source convenient and the place of hidding and sunny side; The described pond of building is: nursery pond adopts cement pit, keep level at the bottom of the pond, the two ends drop can not surpass 3cm, about the dark 20cm in pond, about wide 1.5m, if nursery pond is more than one in the same temperature canopy, then reserve the wide ridge about 50cm in the middle of two nursery ponds as main aisle, and every about 3 meters, the laterally auxilliary road about setting up 30cm wide, must lay black thin film at the bottom of the nursery pond, film thickness is more than 5; Described scaffolding is: the shed facility must be built in the top of nursery pond, shed loam cake white film, and the film rollable of both sides or put down.
After the end in four month of the phase III of described step (4), lantana seedling majority is long to about 5 leaves, go out the garden after going out between the seedling that this moment can be healthy and strong with growth and carry out hardening, more weak seedling can continue to cultivate a period of time, before seedling replanting, the part color that its root system immerses in the water of pond is slightly turned to be yellow, and implants in the new matrix after this section root system must being cut off again.
Flowers levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance composition of the present invention, its material source is extensive, and nutrient solution is with low cost especially, not only low energy is also pollution-free substantially to environment, and the preparation of matrix and nutrient solution is simple, easy to operate, the industrialization that is specially adapted to lantana is grown seedlings.This breeding method is practical, with low cost, with strong points, and industrialization is effective, occupy the leading position at home.The industrialization production of seedling is the basis that the industrialization of lantana nursery stock is produced, and the floating seedlings technology at lantana has been invented by our company, and this technology has obvious originality and advance, belongs to the innovation and the invention of technical field.
Embodiment
Further specify flesh and blood of the present invention with example below, but each example is not construed as limiting the invention.
The seedling medium of breeding method of the present invention, nutrient solution all at be applicable to that the lantana industrialization is produced and grow seedlings.Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
One, build the floating seedlings pond:
(1) addressing: the addressing of floating seedlings pond is smooth in physical features, traffic convenience, water source convenient and the place of hidding and sunny side.
(2) build the pond: nursery pond adopts cement pit, keeps level at the bottom of the pond, and the two ends drop can not surpass 3cm.About the dark 20cm in pond, about wide 1.5m.If nursery pond is more than one in the same temperature canopy, then in the middle of two nursery ponds, reserve the wide ridge about 50cm as main aisle, and every about 3 meters, the laterally auxilliary road about setting up 30cm wide.Must lay black thin film at the bottom of the nursery pond, to prevent or to reduce growing of algae etc. that film thickness is more than 5.
(3) scaffolding: the shed facility must be built in the top of nursery pond.Shed is built by general requirements and is got final product, the loam cake white film, and the film of both sides can roll or put down, to regulate temperature, humidity and the illumination in the canopy.
Two, the preparation of seedling medium
Rhododendron delavayi float seedling matrix of the present invention is humus soil: red soil: fine sand: perlite: ash=5: 1: 2: 1.7: 0.3 (volume ratio).When aglucon matter, must earlier humus soil, red soil be pulverized, add fine sand, perlite, ash afterwards, and it is mixed.With the matrix disinfection (employing fumigating system) that mixes, and then add 10% water and carry out evenly moistening.At last, regulate matrix pH value 5.5-6.0 and (when the inclined to one side alkali of matrix, use FeSO
4PH turns down with matrix, with NaOH solution its PH is heightened when the matrix meta-acid).
Humus is abundant in this levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance, and loose ventilative, pH value is slant acidity slightly, satisfies the required condition of lantana seed germination.And humus soil can own composting in the matrix, and red soil, fine sand, ash are the Yunnan common materials, so cost is lower, is fit to large-scale production.
Three, the sabot of matrix and sowing
The floating seedlings dish adopts me to obtain the foam seedling-cultivating tray (patent No.: ZL 01214018.X) of patent.
The matrix of having mixed is packed in the seedling-cultivating tray, with its light shake twice, scrape off the surface dust that exceeds card with plank more then.
The seed of lantana is very tiny, it is sprinkled upon in the seedling-cultivating tray uniformly during sowing as far as possible.After seed is sowed, spill the thin matrix of one deck again and cover.
Four, the nutritive liquid for floating breeding of lantana
After finishing kind, can will float dish and put to nursery pond.To emerging, lantana needs about four months altogether from sowing, at this moment between in the section, according to the different requirements of lantana, can be divided into three phases to nutrient solution.
Phase I: in two months after the sowing beginning.The nutrient solution in this stage is based on natural minerals water (fossil water itself comprises multiple mineral element), and the pH value of fossil water is best between 6.2-6.5, and is variant as the pH value of fossil water, can be modulated to voluntarily in this scope.In this stage, need not in natural minerals water, add other organic or inorganic fertilizer, need only change a natural water every 15 days;
Second stage: from sowing in three month after beginning.Seedling during this period, changed one time natural minerals water in the growth of health every 10 days at this moment, can add KNO in right amount in water at every turn
3(potassium nitrate), NH
4NO
3(ammonium nitrate), C
a(NO
3)
2.4H
2O (nitrate of lime), the amount of adding slightly changes with various places water quality difference;
Phase III: from sowing in four month after beginning.During this period, change natural minerals water once, can in natural minerals water, increase multi-component composite fertilizer in right amount at every turn every first quarter moon.
After four month finished, lantana seedling majority was long to about 5 leaves.Because during sowing, a more than seedling in the every cave of seedling-cultivating tray goes out the garden after going out between the seedling that this moment can be healthy and strong with growth and carries out hardening, and more weak seedling can continue to cultivate a period of time.Before seedling replanting was gone into plastics cave dish, the part color that its root system immerses in the water of pond was slightly turned to be yellow, and implants in the new matrix after this section root system must being cut off, to promote the growth of new root system again.
Above nutritive liquid for floating breeding, change composition at different fertile requirements of need of lantana seed germination stage, be the seed germination stage only to provide fossil water, the first growth stage of seedling, add proper N, potassium, calcareous fertilisers, to seedling bigger after, therefore to the increase in demand of fertilizer, in fossil water, increase multi-component composite fertilizer.The not anti-dense fertilizer of lantana, thick fertilizer, so its nutrient solution nutrient laden too.
Use flowers levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance provided by the present invention and nutrient solution to carry out rhododendron delavayi float seedling, its seed bud ratio reaches more than 90%, and it is neat to emerge, and the seedling early growth that brings out is good, no damage by disease and insect, resistance, is the high quality seedling that can be used for large-scale industrialized production.