CN101528520B - 混合动力铁道车辆 - Google Patents
混合动力铁道车辆 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种混合动力铁道车辆,其能够利用二次电池输出来进行引擎的起动。在本发明的混合动力铁道车辆中,将通常作为直流电源使用的电力转换器(4)和感应发电机(2)作为转换装置和感应电动机使用,无需使用特殊的装置进行起动而进行引擎(1)的起动。设有根据二次电池(6)的电压和引擎(1)的转速来判定引擎是否能够起动的引擎起动判定部(93),即使在由二次电池信息监视部(10)检测到二次电池(6)存在异常的情况下,只要由电压检测部(7)检测到的二次电池电压在规定范围内,则起动引擎。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种并用引擎发电机和二次电池的混合动力铁道车辆。
背景技术
通过并用引擎发电机和二次电池的所谓混合动力铁道车辆的开发,能够构筑出低燃料消耗、低气体排放、低噪音等环保型的铁道车辆***。
另一方面,由于二次电池始终保有电能,所以在异常时,存在漏电、***等危险性,因此,设有检测关于二次电池的电压、电流、温度、充电状态、劣化状态的信息的二次电池监视装置,在这些信息出现异常的情况下或二次电池监视装置自身出现异常的情况下,立即断开二次电池。
目前的二次电池由于每个单电池的容量小,所以在用于铁道车辆的情况下,要串联连接或并联连接多个二次电池来使用,相对于以往的铁道车辆而言,存在体积、重量、成本等增大的问题。
在混合动力铁道车辆中,如果另外设置用于起动引擎的起动装置,则不仅装置变得大型化,而且成本也增高。另外,在二次电池产生异常的情况下,二次电池被断开,不仅引擎发电机不能起动,而且在***是单独***的情况下,会造成***停止,车辆不能起动,从而给使用者带来很大的麻烦。
因此,混合动力铁道车辆中,在引擎的起动中利用二次电池输出这一方面,存在需要解决的课题。
发明内容
本发明就是鉴于上述问题而研发的,其目在于,提供一种实现***小型化、低成本,并且即使在二次电池出现异常的情况下也能够起动***的混合动力铁道车辆
为了实现上述目的,本发明的混合动力铁道车辆,其具有:引擎和由该引擎驱动的发电机;将从该发电机输出的交流电力转换为直流电力的电力转换机构;与该电力转换机构的输出并联连接的二次电池;基于负载的状态来控制所述电力转换机构的电力转换器控制机构,其特征在于:利用所述二次电池的电力来起动所述引擎。
根据该混合动力铁道车辆,不用设置用于起动引擎发电机的特别的起动装置,而能够通过二次电池的存有电力将发电机作为电动机驱动,由此,能够起动引擎。
在这样的混合动力铁道车辆中,所述引擎的起动通过如下的方式进行:通过所述电力转换机构将所述二次电池的直流电力转换为交流电力,再通过转换了的所述交流电力将所述发电机作为电动机驱动,由此进行所述引擎的起动。由于由电力转换机构将二次电池的直流电力转换为交流电力,以发电机作为电动机驱动,从而进行引擎的起动,所以能够利用电力转换、发电电动这样的混合机构来进行引擎的起动。
在这样的混合动力铁道车辆中,还具有:监视所述二次电池的状态的二次电池监视机构;针对所述电力转换器控制机构而检测所述二次电池的电压的电压检测机构,即使在从所述二次电池监视机构输出的二次电池信息出现异常的情况下,当从所述电压检测机构输出的二次电池电压处于规定的范围时,也能够进行所述引擎的起动。换而言之,即使在二次电池监视机构检测到的二次电池的状态中存在异常信息的情况下,若能够确保二次电池的电压在规定的范围内,则能够进行引擎的起动。
另外,本发明的混合动力铁道车辆中,设有检测串联连接的多个二次电池的两端电压(全电压)的二次电池电压检测机构,并具备根据该二次电池电压检测机构的输出来判定引擎是否能够起动的引擎起动判定机构。
(发明效果)
根据本发明,由于能够由二次电池的存有电力来起动引擎,所以不需要特别设置的起动装置,能够实现装置的小型化、低成本化。另外,根据本发明,即使在二次电池出现异常的情况下,也能够起动引擎,所以不会产生***停止状态的情况。若能够起动引擎,则铁道车辆至少能够通过引擎自力行驶,所以即使需要对车辆和二次电池进行任何检查和修理,也能够返回车辆整备基地针对异常实施处理。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的实施方式的图。
图2是表示二次电池信息监视部10的输出内容的图。
图3是表示引擎起动判定部93的处理的流程图。
图4是表示控制部92的处理的一部分的流程图。
附图标号说明
1引擎
2感应发电机
3速度信号发生器
4电力转换器
5开闭开关
6二次电池
7电压检测器
8负载
9电力转换器控制部
10二次电池信息监视部
91速度检测部
92控制部
93引擎起动判定部
具体实施方式
以下参照附图说明本发明的实施方式。
图1表示本发明的电源***的结构。在图1所示的电源***中,引擎1和感应发电机2经由接头等机械连结,感应发电机2的输出与电力转换器4连接。电力转换器4的一方的输出与开闭开关5的一方的端子和负载8的一方的输入连接,电力转换器4的另一方的输出与二次电池6的负侧的端子和负载8的另一方的输入连接。另外,开闭开关5的另一方的端子和二次电池6的正侧的端子连接,在二次电池6的两端连接有电压检测器7。
在此,负载8假定为转换装置和感应电动机,但是与本发明没有直接关系,所以省略详细说明。
另一方面,从设于感应发电机2上的速度信号发生器3输出的速度信号Ng输入电力转换器控制部9的速度检测部91,从速度检测部91输出的旋转频率Fg输入控制部92和引擎起动判定部93。另外,从电压检测器7输出的二次电池电压Vb输入电力转换器控制部9的引擎起动判定部93,从二次电池6输出的电池单位的二次电池信息Sb0输入二次电池信息监视部10。
另外,由二次电池信息监视部10整理而输出的二次电池信息Sb1和从引擎起动判定部93输出的起动许可信号Ss输入电力转换器控制部9的控制部92,从控制部92输出的驱动信号Sg和开关开闭信号Ssw分别输入电力转换器4和开闭开关5。
在上述结构中,首先说明引擎1起动时的动作。
在引擎1起动的情况下,与其机械直接连结的感应发电机2与引擎1以相同转速旋转,由速度信号发生器3输出与该转速对应的速度信号Ng〔rpm〕。在电力转换器控制部9中,将该速度信号Ng在速度检测部91中转换为旋转频率Fg〔Hz〕而输出。这时的速度信号Ng和旋转频率Fg的关系示于公式1。
Fg=Ng/30〔Hz〕 (公式1)
控制部92基于上述旋转频率Fg,求出电力转换器4的驱动频率Fc,并输出与其对应的驱动信号Sg。该旋转频率Fg和驱动频率Fc的关系示于公式2。
Fc=Fg+Fs〔Hz〕 (公式2)
在此,Fs:感应发电机的转差频率。
另外,在本实施例中,感应发电机2使用感应电动机,电力转换器4使有转换(inverter)装置,通过以电力回生模式使用它们,从而产生直流电力。因此,上述公式2所示的转差频率Fs通常为负值。
从电力转换器4输出的直流电力与二次电池6的输出相加而向负载8供给,但是在二次电池6的充电量降低的情况下,经由开闭开关5而对二次电池6进行充电。在此,二次电池6的充电量由后述的二次电池信息Sb1 所获得。
从二次电池信息监视部10输出的二次电池信息Sb1的内容示于图2。如图所示,二次电池信息Sb1由各1位数据(0~255)的电池电压20、电池电流21、电池的平均温度22、表示电池的充电状态的充电量23、表示电池的劣化状况的劣化率24、由电池温度和充电量而求出的容许充电电流25和容许放电电流26、表示电池的异常内容的电池状态标记27构成,另外,电池状态标记27由表示各1位数据(“1”或“0”)的电池准备完成的第一初始化完成271和第二初始化完成272、表示电池的过电压的过充电异常273、表示电池的低电压的过放电异常274、电池的高温异常275、过电流异常276、电池和二次电池信息监视部10之间的通信异常277、电池或二次电池信息监视部10的硬件异常278构成。由此,在二次电池6正常动作的情况下,电池状态标记27中仅第一初始化完成271和第二初始化完成272为“1”,其他异常信息273~278为“0”。如果发生任何异常,异常信息273~278中的任一个为“1”,则控制部92通过开闭信号Ssw打开开闭开关5,断开二次电池6。
接着,说明在上述结构中,起动引擎1的情况。
如前所述,在本实施例中,感应发电机2为一般的感应电动机,电力转换器4为转换装置。因此,将转差频率Fs设为正值,以公式2所求得的驱动频率Fc的驱动信号Sg来驱动电力转换器4,从而能够起动引擎1。
图3以流程图表示引擎起动判定部93的处理。
首先,在步骤100中,读取电池电压Vb和旋转频率Fg,接着,在步骤101中,判定旋转频率Fg是否为“0”。在Fg=0的情况下引擎停止,因此,在步骤102中,判定电池电压Vb是否处于规定的范围。其结果是,只要电池电压Vb处于规定的范围内,则判定为能够起动引擎,在步骤103中,将起动许可信号Ss设为“1”。在此,自然不用说,所谓“电池电压Vb的规定范围”,是指应该设定在图2所示的电池信息内的、构成过充电异常的最大电压值和构成过放电异常的最小电压值以内的范围。另一方面,在步骤101中,旋转频率不为“0”,即引擎1起动,或者,在步骤102中,当判断为二次电池电压Vb在规定范围以外的情况下,转向步骤104,将起动许可信号Ss设为“0”。
图4由流程图表示控制部92的处理的一部分。
在控制部92中,根据从引擎起动判定部93输出的起动许可信号Ss执行电力转换器4的控制。首先,在步骤110中,当引擎处于动作中的情况下,在步骤111中,根据图2所示的二次电池信息判定电池是否正常,在正常的情况下,以通常运转模式运转引擎(步骤112)。但是,在步骤111中,当判断为二次电池出现异常的情况下,在步骤113中,将赋予开闭开关5的开关开闭信号Ssw设为“0”,从而断开二次电池。
另一方面,在步骤110中,当判断引擎处于停止中的情况下,在步骤114中,判定是否能够起动引擎,在起动引擎的情况下,判定从引擎起动判定部93输出的起动许可信号Ss是否为“1”(步骤115),当Ss为“1”时,在步骤116中起动引擎。但是,当Ss为“0”时,在步骤117中与步骤113同样地断开二次电池。在步骤114中,在不起动引擎的情况下,在步骤118中维持引擎停止。
如上所述,根据本实施例,由于能够通过二次电池6的存有电力来起动引擎1,从而不需要设置特别的起动装置,所以能够实现装置的小型化、低成本化。另外,根据本实施例,即使在二次电池信息6存在异常的情况下,若二次电池电压处于规定范围内,则也能够起动引擎1,因此,不会产生***停止状态的情况,从而能够极力回避这样的事故。
Claims (1)
1.一种混合动力铁道车辆,其具备:引擎和由该引擎驱动的发电机;将从该发电机输出的交流电力转换为直流电力的电力转换机构;与该电力转换机构的输出并联连接的二次电池;监视该二次电池的状态的二次电池监视机构;基于负载的状态来控制所述电力转换机构的电力转换器控制机构,通过由所述电力转换机构将所述二次电池的直流电力转换为交流电力,并将所述发电机作为电动机驱动,由此来起动所述引擎,
所述混合动力铁道车辆的特征在于,
在所述电力转换器控制机构中设有基于所述发电机的旋转频率和所述二次电池的电压来判定引擎是否能够起动的引擎起动判定机构,即使在从所述二次电池监视机构输出的电池信息出现异常的情况下,当所述引擎停止且所述二次电池的电压处于构成过充电状态的最大电压值及构成过放电状态的最小电压值的范围时,也将所述引擎的起动许可信号向所述电力转换器控制机构输出。
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