CN101411311B - Method for producing fingerling of Trachidermus fasciatus - Google Patents
Method for producing fingerling of Trachidermus fasciatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN101411311B CN101411311B CN200810079949XA CN200810079949A CN101411311B CN 101411311 B CN101411311 B CN 101411311B CN 200810079949X A CN200810079949X A CN 200810079949XA CN 200810079949 A CN200810079949 A CN 200810079949A CN 101411311 B CN101411311 B CN 101411311B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing rough-skinned sculpin fingerlings. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) preparing a pond and bait; (2) throwing in F1-generation rough-skinned sculpin summer fingerlings; (3) mixed-culturing F1-generation rough-skinned sculpin and medaka; (4) harvesting F1-generation adult rough-skinned sculpin and medaka and the medaka; (5) performing the seawater transition of the F1-generation adult rough-skinned sculpin and the feeding management during a wintering period; (6) accelerating the maturation of the F1-generation adult rough-skinned sculpin; (7) propagating rough-skinned sculpin F1-generation parent fishes; (8) hatching fertilized eggs of F2-generation rough-skinned sculpin; and (9) culturing F2-generation summer fingerlings. The method solves the problem of the F2-generation fingerlings of the rough-skinned sculpin, and realizes the commercial production of the rough-skinned sculpin.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production method of marketable fish seed, particularly the production method of Sungkiang weever seed.
Background technology
Trachidermus fasciatus (Trachidermis fasciatus) is called as " south of the River first place fish ", and higher economic value is arranged, and with the closely linked system of China traditional history culture trachidermus fasciatus culture, and goes into Compendium of Material Medica and has medical value.Trachidermus fasciatus is to fall extra large reproduction fish, formerly is distributed widely in the coastal area that reaches the Xiamen North gets Dandong in the south, because of reasons such as the construction of water conservancy projects and water environment pollution enter Critical Condition.At present, the trachidermus fasciatus of China only remains in Bohai Sea Gulf, now is national second class protection animal.The applicant has finished the trachidermus fasciatus artificial breeding and has produced and can be used for the trachidermus fasciatus summer flower seed (Chinese patent application that freshwater is cultured, denomination of invention: summer offspring of Songjiang blue pickerel production method, number of patent application: 200610048263.5, the applying date: on September 12nd, 2006).Sungkiang weever enters commodity production, must for this reason, solve Sungkiang weever F2 for the seed problem at F2 for carrying out later on by national regulation, becomes and realizes the commercial key of Sungkiang weever.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Sungkiang weever seed, promptly Sungkiang weever F1 for seedling and seed production process, has realized the commercialization production of Sungkiang weever for parent population and F2.
Design of the present invention is such: use by Chinese patent application " summer offspring of Songjiang blue pickerel production method ", number of patent application: 200610048263.5, the F1 that produces for trachidermus fasciatus summer flower seed carry out F1 for the cultivation of the breed of trachidermus fasciatus adult fish and parent population, accelerate the ripening, and artificial propagation trachidermus fasciatus F2 is for fertilized egg, and then produces and can be used for F2 that marketable fish produces for trachidermus fasciatus summer flower seed.
Particularly, the production method of the said Sungkiang weever seed of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) pond and bait are prepared
March in early spring, water inlet after the open country is removed through cleaning up the pond in fresh water or brackish water pond, a pool grow plankton, throw in blue or green Medaka 800-1200 tail/mus, and the commodity bait of throwing something and feeding is cultivated blue or green Medaka, pool side plantation pasture and water provide oviposition substrate for blue or green Medaka, and the pasture and water area accounts for 10-15% of the pond gross area;
(2) F1 throws in for summer offspring of Songjiang blue pickerel
Reach 18 ℃-20 ℃ in the pond water temperature, when cladocera or copepoda appear in the pond, drop into F1 for summer offspring of Songjiang blue pickerel with the injected volume of 800-1300 tail/mus;
(3) F1 raising together with for Sungkiang weever and blue or green Medaka
In the process of F1 for trachidermus fasciatus and blue or green Medaka mixed breed, keep the pond depth of water at 60-80 centimetres, the transparency of Chi Shui when the pool water within transparency increases, suitably increases daily ration, feeding quantity or topdresses between 30-40 centimetres; When water transparence reduces, reduce daily ration, feeding quantity or stop bait throwing in; Need not draining and change water;
(4) F1 is for the results of trachidermus fasciatus adult fish and blue or green Medaka
Trachidermus fasciatus F1 carries out in the first tenday period of a month in October for the results of adult fish and blue or green Medaka, and elder generation drains the pond after drawing in the net to catch out blue or green Medaka and part trachidermus fasciatus with the aperture order, collects the trachidermus fasciatus of statvolt at the bottom of the pond in drainage procedure;
(5) F1 is for seawater transition and the overwintering period feeding and management of trachidermus fasciatus adult fish
F1 is for the seawater transition of Sungkiang weever and survive the winter and carry out in indoor cement pit or booth;
1. seawater transition
It is 7 ‰ that Xiang Chizhong adding fresh water and seawater make the salinity of Chi Shui, the trachidermus fasciatus of results is put into different ponds respectively with blue or green Medaka, the depth of water in trachidermus fasciatus pond is 0.5 meter, place 0.8-1.2 every square metre in fish nest at the bottom of the pond, every square metre 5 tail of injected volume, 1.5 meters of the blue or green Medaka pond depth of waters, 0.5 kilogram in every cubic metre of water body of injected volume, add seawater afterwards every day and make the salinity of Chi Shui increase 3-5 ‰, make the pond salinity water in trachidermus fasciatus pond and blue or green Medaka pond in 5-7 days, reach 25-32 ‰;
2. the phase feeding and management of surviving the winter
A, F1 are for trachidermus fasciatus adult fish culture pond
Begin from the seawater transition, culture the pond from blue or green Medaka and fish for blue or green Medaka, drop into trachidermus fasciatus and culture in the pond, density is 50 tails/M
2And keep above-mentioned density, when being reduced, add blue or green Medaka by the edible density of trachidermus fasciatus, ight soil at the bottom of pond of removing in per 2 to 3 days also changes water, keeps water temperature to be not less than 0 ℃, and overwintering period is by the natural lighting cycle, light stimulation is avoided in suitable shading when sunlight is strong night;
B, blue or green Medaka are cultured the pond
After blue or green Medaka entered the indoor culture pond, threw in artitificial food by 5% of blue or green Medaka body weight every day, does suitable adjustment according to the situation of ingesting, go into after the winter along with the reduction of water temperature, reduce daily ration, feeding quantity gradually, removed residual bait and the ight soil at the bottom of the pond in per 3-5 days, and change water once, quantity of exchanged water 50%;
(6) trachidermus fasciatus F1 accelerating the ripening for adult fish
Enter late January in the north, south enters late December, begin the trachidermus fasciatus adult fish is accelerated the ripening, method is: make the pond water circulation, the every morning draining is to the only surplus 10cm of the degree of depth of water, stop and add water to 50-70cm depth of water after 1-2 hours again, continue to keep the density of the blue or green Medaka of forage fiss during accelerating the ripening;
(7) trachidermus fasciatus F1 is for the breeding of parent population
At the beginning of the north enters 3 months, when south enters mid-February F1 begins for trachidermus fasciatus milter rivalry behavior, increase by one times in fish nest as mating place and oviposition substrate, only keep 1/4 of blue or green Medaka density before breeding period this moment, in time remove dead individual, avoid night unnecessary bright lamp to observe and interference, collection every morning sticks in the fish nest and the fertilized egg at the bottom of the pond, and promptly F2 in time puts into hatching basket flowing water and hatches for trachidermus fasciatus fertilized egg;
(8) F2 is for the trachidermus fasciatus fertilized egg hatching
Seawater through sand filtration is put into to the 0.4-0.6m degree of depth in the cement hatchery after sterilization, the inflation of gas stone is placed in the bottom, hatchery, and pond edge fixedly immersible pump produce the cisterna ambiens current, the hatching basket that oosperm block is housed is through sealing and be fixed on the bottom of hatchery, check the developmental state of a fertilized egg every day, when development of fertilized ova to sending out eye during the phase, the hatching basket that fills pieces of an egg is put into the net cage made from 80 mesh sieve thin,tough silk, each net cage is put 2-3 hatching baskets, net cage is put into another hatchery, lower edge is 8-10cm at the bottom of the pond, upper limb 10-the 15cm that surfaces puts the plastics immersible pump that 1-2 aquariums are used on the outer fixed mount of net cage, and delivery port connects plastic tube makes Chi Shui flow into net cage, when prelarva in the net cage hatches and float, in time scoop out prelarva and put into the fry rearing pond;
(9) F2 cultivates for trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry
Indoor cement pit is put into seawater to 1-1.5m degree of depth of handling after sterilization, the inflation of gas stone is installed at the bottom of the pond makes the dissolved oxygen of Chi Shui be not less than 5mg/L, add unit cell algae artificial or that cultivate naturally in the water and make water transparence drop to 50-80cm, the illumination of adjusting the water surface is 800-1000 lx; The come-up trachidermus fasciatus prelarva of taking out from the hatchery is with 8000-20000 tail/m
3Density render in the fry culture pond;
1. the opening of fry
Trachidermus fasciatus prelarva membrane 2-4 swims the sky to swim and add the wheel animalcule opening in the fry culture pond, wheel animalcule adds yeast in indoor unit cell algae or unit cell algae and strengthens, wheel animalcule density in the fry culture pond maintains 4-6/ml, the unit cell algae that adds simultaneously artificial culture in the pool water within makes the about 40000-60000/ml of unit cell density of Chi Shui;
2. regulating the phototaxis of illumination correction juvenile fish gathers
The unit cell algae of throwing in higher density in the pool water within is eliminated the phototaxis of prelarva and gathers to reduce the transparency of Chi Shui;
3. throw something and feed
Throwing something and feeding wheel animalcule after 4-5 days, add the throwing artemia nauplii, promptly throw something and feed simultaneously wheel animalcule (4-6)/ml and artemia nauplii (2-3)/ml 4-5 days stop the wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding then, artemia nauplii (4-6 the)/ml that only throws something and feeds can use copepoda and cladocera then;
4. management method
Often observe the behavior of fry, and observe in the fry stomach and intestine whether food is arranged, check whether bait wheel animalcule, artemia nauplii and unit cell algae are in above-mentioned density, every day monitoring pool water dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen is not less than 7mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is not more than 0.3mg/L, when fry hatching changed water later in 10 days, drainpipe is put into the net cage siphon and discharge 20-30% of the former volume of pond water, add the seawater of handling well again with amount, adjust the density of wheel animalcule or artemia nauplii after changing water, and add the unit cell algae to above-mentioned density;
Went into behind the pond 15 days from fry, removed residual bait and ight soil at the bottom of the pond with siphonage in every 5-7 days;
5. divide the pond
The spray phase that reaches 10mm when body is carried out the branch pond during fingerling of Trachidermus fasciatus, and making fry density is 10000 tails/m
3, when fry length arrived the long 13mm of body, breeding density further dropped to 5000 tails/m
3, the trachidermus fasciatus spray fry that reaches above-mentioned specification begins to carry out the life of dwelling at the end of metamorphosis battalion, becomes the summer flower fry, and breeding density at this moment should be not more than 1500 tails/m
2, when fry length was 15mm to body is long, density should be not more than 400-600 tail/m
2
6. desalinate, pack and transport
Finishing abnormal trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry can desalinate, still keep the density of above-mentioned biological feed during the desalination, adding fresh water during desalination in the pond makes the salinity of Chi Shui reduce by 3 ‰-5 ‰ every day, in 2-6 days, reach 5 ‰-7 ‰, just can pack, be transported to freshwater lake or the river propagation of releasing, or render to freshwater and culture.
The beneficial effect that the present invention obtains is as follows:
The method that the present invention uses outdoor ponds and blue or green Medaka to raise together with, created omnidistance to trachidermus fasciatus F1 for use living body bait, make full use of feed and pond energy, do not have the high efficiency safety and environmental protection aquaculture model of the pollution-free no medicine of discharging.Blue or green Medaka supply with the pond culture results is survived the winter phase F1 for trachidermus fasciatus, has solved the too high problem of fresh food cost in winter, has realized that the health of fry is cultivated.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention.
(1) pond and food organisms are prepared
Freshwater and salinity are no more than 5 ‰ brackish water pond, and cleaning up the pond except that the water inlet of wild back makes the mean depth in pond in March 20 early spring is 60 centimetres, and intake apparatus is that the mesh bag that 20 purpose bolting silks are made prevents that other wild fish from entering the pond with the aperture.Use the fertilising of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer (compound fertilizer) to send out the pool and promote the plankton growth.The breed standard that the concrete method of removing an open country and a pool is seen conventional cultivation fish such as carp.
Reach more than 15 ℃ in water temperature, after the plankton growth, the transparency of keeping pond water between 25-35 centimetres, NH
3Concentration is not crossed 0.3mg/L.The blue or green Medaka of surviving the winter (Oryzias latipes, the living body bait as trachidermus fasciatus picks up from reed or the intensive place of cattail in the marsh, oceanography institute of existing Agricultural University Of Hebei has cultured and provides) 1000 tail/mus are provided this moment.This low-density blue or green Medaka does not need bait throwing in.Too high as water transparence, plankton is very few, and according to the residue situation of feed adjust the injected volume of feed by 2% of the body weight commercial feed of throwing something and feeding every day.Pond periphery plantation water caltrop or watermifoil, area is 10% of the pond gross area, if Pond Silt is thicker, rises to 15%.Guarantee that pasture and water survived in the past and grow in early June.In the pond that has had pasture and water or reed to grow, needn't plant pasture and water, keep pasture and water or reed area and account for the pond gross area in above-mentioned scope.If the enlarged areas of pasture and water in breeding process need partly be pulled out and keep above-mentioned area.The purpose of plantation pasture and water is to provide oviposition substrate for blue or green Medaka.
(2) F1 throws in for summer offspring of Songjiang blue pickerel
Reach 18 ℃ in the pond water temperature, when cladocera or copepoda appearred in the pond, the F1 that cultivates by patent " summer offspring of Songjiang blue pickerel production method " with the injected volume input of 1000 tail/mus was for summer offspring of Songjiang blue pickerel, promptly the phase end postlarva.
(3) F1 raises together with for the three-dimensional of Sungkiang weever and blue or green Medaka
F1 forms raising together with of Sungkiang weever and blue or green Medaka after throwing in for summer offspring of Songjiang blue pickerel.In one month after summer offspring of Songjiang blue pickerel is thrown in, 10 o'clock every mornings and afternoon 16 o'clock were thrown in marketable fish bait, can be by 5% of the body weight of the blue or green Medaka of throwing in the pond when daily ration of feeding begins.When after blue or green Medaka breeding, being unable to estimate the biomass of blue or green Medaka, then use food platform monitoring method to determine daily ration, feeding quantity.The breeding situation of blue or green Medaka can be determined by quantity of gathering the fish-egg that the pasture and water sample view adheres to and the prelarva quantity that claire pool edge occurs.Rely on the zooplankton (copepoda and cladocera) in the pond to be food when F1 begins for the trachidermus fasciatus postlarva, growth is a food with blue or green Medaka prelarva, juvenile fish, postlarva and adult fish in succession then gradually then.The body length of blue or green Medaka adult fish is 2.5-3.5cm, under the bait supply condition of temperature that is fit to and abundance, can form a generation about every 20-40 days.Each can satisfy the Sungkiang weever that continues growth from generation to generation with the blue or green Medaka of each vegetative stage the bore of ingesting makes different big or small trachidermus fasciatus can both obtain sufficient bait supply.Simultaneously, the predation of trachidermus fasciatus suppresses the excessive multiplication of blue or green Medaka, forms the dynamically steady of predator and prey.Blue or green Medaka is perched at water at the middle and upper levels, also enters the bottom of water because of forage and swimming activity; And trachidermus fasciatus perches in pond bottom, floats during forage.Raising together with of trachidermus fasciatus and blue or green Medaka can make full use of pond waters, realizes three-dimensional culture.In the pond that blue or green Medaka and trachidermus fasciatus are raised together with, form the food web of forming by a plurality of food chains, that is: bait is edible by blue or green Medaka, blue or green Medaka is eaten by trachidermus fasciatus, and residual bait and ight soil decompose the back and utilized by phytoplankton and pasture and water, and phytoplankton and organic detritus are utilized by zooplankton; The organic debris that zooplankton, residual bait ight soil decomposing and fermenting form and livings algae eaten by blue or green Medaka; Also edible part phytoplankton of blue or green Medaka and half corrupt pasture and water.Can make full use of the energy in pond thus, form effectively flowing of pond self-energy, can not occur the single variety pond culture because of wheel animalcule the luxuriant and luxuriant anoxia phenomenon of cladocera.When summer, the pond bottom water temperature surpassed 31 ℃, trachidermus fasciatus stopped to ingest, and blue or green Medaka also appetite reduction stops breeding, should stop bait throwing in or only a small amount of bait throwing in this moment.This high water temperature only has a couple of days in the north, but can continue wheat harvesting period in south.After water temperature reduces, can recover normal daily ration, feeding quantity.Late fall, blue or green Medaka stopped breeding, reduces food ration simultaneously when being reduced to below 17 ℃ in water temperature.Will reduce daily ration, feeding quantity gradually this moment according to the monitoring situation of food platform.In the process of whole F1 for trachidermus fasciatus and blue or green Medaka mixing three-dimensional culture, keep the pond depth of water at 60-80cm, the transparency of Chi Shui is between 30-40cm.When the pool water within transparency increases, suitably increase daily ration, feeding quantity or topdress (0.5 kilogram in every mu of urea, 0.1 kilogram of diammonium hydrogen phosphate); Otherwise, when water transparence reduces, reduce daily ration, feeding quantity or stop bait throwing in.In whole pond culture process, when the water level that causes because of evaporation reduced, moisturizing did not need draining and changes water to original water level.
(4) F1 is for the results of trachidermus fasciatus adult fish and blue or green Medaka
Because trachidermus fasciatus carries out catadromous migration from September end to mid-October under field conditions (factors), the trachidermus fasciatus F1 of pond culture carries out in the first tenday period of a month in October for the results of adult fish and blue or green Medaka.After drawing in the net to catch out blue or green Medaka and part trachidermus fasciatus with the aperture order earlier, drain the pond.In drainage procedure, collect the trachidermus fasciatus of statvolt at the bottom of the pond, note collecting the trachidermus fasciatus of concealing in the pond bottom pit.The trachidermus fasciatus of results can be transported with dry method, promptly trachidermus fasciatus is placed in the rice chaff of soaking and transports, and blue or green Medaka is defeated with conventional band water transport.The polyculture method of trachidermus fasciatus and blue or green Medaka can obtain F1 for tail surplus the trachidermus fasciatus adult fish 480 every mu of when results, and average weight 35 grams are higher than the average weight 30% of nature population, and survival rate reaches 60%.Obtain every mu about 50-70 kilograms of blue or green Medaka, the blue or green Medaka of results can satisfy the bait demand of the phase trachidermus fasciatus that survives the winter fully.
(5) F1 is for the seawater transition of trachidermus fasciatus adult fish with survive the winter
F1 is for the seawater transition of Sungkiang weever and survive the winter and carry out in indoor cement pit or booth.Overwintering period not only will be kept the trachidermus fasciatus survival, and will make its continuation growth reach sexual maturity.
1. seawater transition
It is 7 ‰ that Xiang Chizhong adding fresh water and seawater make the salinity of Chi Shui, and the trachidermus fasciatus of results is put into different ponds respectively with blue or green Medaka.The depth of water in trachidermus fasciatus pond is 0.5 meter, places one every square metre in fish nest (pottery flowerpot jaggy or marine shellfish are cultured the jagged ball float of usefulness) at the bottom of the pond, every square metre 5 tail of injected volume.1.5 meters of the blue or green Medaka pond depth of waters, 0.5 kilogram in every cubic metre of water body of injected volume.Add seawater afterwards every day and make the salinity of Chi Shui increase by 3 ‰, make the pond salinity water in trachidermus fasciatus pond and blue or green Medaka pond in 6 days, reach full seawater (salinity 30 ‰).
2. the phase feeding and management of surviving the winter
A, F1 are for trachidermus fasciatus adult fish culture pond
After trachidermus fasciatus enters tank interior, under natural lighting and water temperature, hide daytime in the fish nest more, come out to look for food in the time of at dusk.From the seawater transition, from blue or green Medaka breed pond, fish for blue or green Medaka, drop into trachidermus fasciatus and culture in the pond, density is 50 tails/M
2When being reduced by the edible density of trachidermus fasciatus, add blue or green Medaka, keep above-mentioned density.Ight soil at the bottom of pond of removing in per 2 to 3 days also changes water.After entering the water temperature in winter reduction,, needn't heat as long as water temperature is not less than 0 ℃.Low water temperature is a necessary condition for reaching maturity of trachidermus fasciatus sexual gland.Trachidermus fasciatus is different from other fish, still ingests under low water temperature condition.Overwintering period is by the natural lighting cycle, and suitable shading got final product when sunlight was strong, avoided light stimulation night as far as possible.
B, blue or green Medaka are cultured the pond
After blue or green Medaka entered the indoor culture pond, threw in artitificial food by 5% of body weight every day, does suitable adjustment according to the situation of ingesting.Go into after the winter along with the reduction of water temperature, reduce daily ration, feeding quantity gradually.Removed residual bait and the ight soil at the bottom of the pond, and change water once, quantity of exchanged water 50% in per 3-5 days.In culturing the pond, fish for blue or green Medaka and move into trachidermus fasciatus and culture the pond when making forage fiss, reduce as far as possible the stimulation of blue or green Medaka and possible net are hindered.
Blue or green Medaka is irreproducible in seawater.As needs breedings, then to reduce pond salinity water to 10 ‰ below or full fresh water, artificial light source is set forms 10 hours dark of illumination in 14 hours, in the pond, put into oviposition substrate, raising water temperature to 18-28 ℃.
(6) trachidermus fasciatus F1 accelerating the ripening for adult fish
Enter late January in the north, south enters late December, begins the trachidermus fasciatus adult fish is accelerated the ripening, and promptly promotes gonad development.Arrange immersible pump to make the pond water circulation from this moment in the edge of culturing the pond, the power of immersible pump is according to size of culturing the pond and shape decision, and the trachidermus fasciatus of not washing away tranquillization with the circulation that forms is advisable.Every morning draining (soil pick-up is removed residual bait and ight soil simultaneously) only remains 10cm to the degree of depth of water, stops to add water again to the 50cm depth of water after one hour.Continue to keep the density of the blue or green Medaka of above-mentioned forage fiss during accelerating the ripening.Accelerate the ripening with said method, the F1 that propagates artificially is for the ovary accelerated development of trachidermus fasciatus adult fish since the early Febuary raun, and belly expands gradually, can extrude seminal fluid when milter begins to push belly.This moment, F1 was for trachidermus fasciatus adult fish entering maturation, promptly became F1 for the trachidermus fasciatus parent population.
(7) trachidermus fasciatus F1 is for the breeding of parent population
At the beginning of the north enters 3 months, when south enters mid-February, F1 begins to enter breeding period for the trachidermus fasciatus parent population.From beginning to move about around the pond in groups at dusk, milter begins to strive even fight behavior to the F1 that enters breeding period after a couple of days for trachidermus fasciatus.When beginning, the milter rivalry behavior increases by one times in fish nest as mating place and oviposition substrate.The F1 that enters breeding period only has the minority individuality still to ingest for the trachidermus fasciatus parent population, only keeps 1/4 of blue or green Medaka density before breeding period this moment and gets final product.The F1 that enters breeding period is for the trachidermus fasciatus parent population and since the cortin secretion increase cause stress with the even act of aggression of striving of milter, the lethality of bisexuality all increases to some extent, will in time remove this moment dead individual.The mating of trachidermus fasciatus parent population and laying eggs many is carried out at night, avoid unnecessary bright lamp to observe and disturb.Collect every morning and stick in the fish nest and the fertilized egg (F2 is for trachidermus fasciatus fertilized egg) at the bottom of the pond, in time put into the plastics of square opening of tool 1.5 * 1.0cm or the hanaper flowing water hatching of iron wire system.The trachidermus fasciatus parent population is dead in the back of laying eggs, and the raun and the survival of part milter of not laying eggs are only arranged after finishing breeding period.To in time remove dead parent population, prevent that water quality from degenerating, and, increase the number of times that changes water according to the water quality situation.The F1 of survival can enter the pond and continue to culture for the trachidermus fasciatus parent population.But cannot with the trachidermus fasciatus seed with pool cultivated.
(8) F2 is for the trachidermus fasciatus fertilized egg hatching
Seawater through sand filtration is put into to the 0.5m degree of depth in the cement hatchery after sterilization, (1-1.5/m in gas stone is placed in the bottom, hatchery
2) inflate, and fix one to two 100w plastics immersible pump generation cisterna ambiens current in pond edge.Be equipped with tool 1.0 * 1.0cm that fertilized egg determines-1.5 * 1.5cm hole purpose hatching basket through seal and be fixed on the hatchery at the bottom of edge, check the developmental state of a fertilized egg every day, in time remove dead ovum.(5-12 ℃) hatching in 25-30 days under situation about heating up naturally gradually with temperature rising seawater.When development of fertilized ova to sending out eye during the phase, the hatching basket that fills pieces of an egg is put into the net cage made from 80 mesh sieve thin,tough silk, each net cage is put 2-3 hatching baskets, net cage lower edge 8-10cm at the bottom of the pond, the upper limb 10-15cm that surfaces, 8-20w plastics immersible pump of settling 1-2 aquariums to use on the outer fixed mount of net cage, delivery port connects plastic tube makes Chi Shui flow into net cage, when prelarva in the net cage hatches and float, in time scoop out prelarva, with 8000-20000 tail/m
3Density put into the fry rearing pond;
(9) F2 cultivates for trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry
A, fry culture pond are provided with
15-40m
2Cement pit is installed 1/m of gas stone at the bottom of the pond after scrubbing, sterilize and rinsing well
2, add seawater through sand filtration to the 1.5m degree of depth.Air-pump inflating is kept dissolved oxygen and is not less than 7mg/L.It is 800-10001x that installation iodine-tungsten lamp in culture pond top makes water surface illumination.
The input of B, fry
In the hatchery the trachidermus fasciatus prelarva of membrane come-up render to the fry culture pond, throw in density 8000-20000 tail/m
3The depth of water of fry culture pond will be adjusted according to above-mentioned prelarva reference density.
The opening of C, fry
Trachidermus fasciatus prelarva membrane began come-up swimming in about 2-4 days successively.Under the nature seawater water temperature condition at this moment the yolk sac of (7 ℃-10 ℃) trachidermus fasciatus prelarva absorb slower, as long as in 3 days of come-up swimming, in the fry culture pond, add the wheel animalcule opening.Wheel animalcule adds yeast in indoor unit cell algae or unit cell algae to be cultivated, and uses when most wheel animalcules are carried ovum.After the wheel animalcule of carrying summer egg entered the fry culture pond, summer egg was hatched into the small body type wheel animalcule, becomes the optimal aperture bait of prelarva.Wheel animalcule density in the fry culture pond will maintain 4-6/ml, adds the little Nitzschia closterium minutissima of artificial culture simultaneously in the pool water within, makes the about 50000/ml of little Nitzschia closterium minutissima concentration of Chi Shui.Cultivate in the nutritive salt of little Nitzschia closterium minutissima and will use nitrate nitrogen to avoid using ammonium nitrogen, prevent that too much ammonium nitrogen from entering the fishpond.In the fry culture pond, add little Nitzschia closterium minutissima following effect is arranged: 1. wheel animalcule is carried out fortification, make wheel animalcule in time obtain the bait body and contain enough nutrient components, particularly contain the essential insatiable hunger of prelarva growth and close fatty acid.2. this moment the fry culture pond the normal growth scope of the little Nitzschia closterium minutissima of water temperature (7 ℃-10 ℃), can in time remove harmful metabolic waste of juvenile fish and food organisms (wheel animalcule, artemia larvae) by its organic photosynthetic one-tenth effect, improve the water quality of Chi Shui.3. reduce water transparence, correct the phototaxis of prelarva.
D, adjusting illumination are corrected the phototaxis of juvenile fish and are gathered
The trachidermus fasciatus juvenile fish presented strong phototaxis in 5-7 days that float after swimming, this moment, juvenile fish gathered to bright place, fought for the strong regional area of illumination.Make it evenly as untimely adjustment intensity of illumination, juvenile fish is easily used up all one's strength and death.The little Nitzschia closterium minutissima of throwing in higher density in the pool water within can reduce the transparency of Chi Shui, eliminates the phototaxis of prelarva effectively and gathers.As adding little Nitzschia closterium minutissima in the pool water within, then to take illumination that the shading measure makes the pond water surface below 501x, can make juvenile fish no longer carry out the illumination contention like this, recover normal and evenly distribute and normal feeding behaviour.The phototaxis of juvenile fish continues disappearance in 5-7 days, can cancel the shading measure when the time comes.
E, throw something and feed
Throwing something and feeding wheel animalcule after 4-5 days, adding the throwing artemia nauplii, the wheel animalcule of promptly throwing something and feeding simultaneously (4-6/ml) with artemia nauplii (2-3/ml) 4-5 days.Stop the wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding then, the artemia nauplii of only throwing something and feeding (4-6/ml).Still throwing in little Nitzschia closterium minutissima during this keeps above-mentioned density and and keeps above-mentioned illumination.In the fry culture pond, throw in little Nitzschia closterium minutissima to an age or two age artemia larvae to carry out fortification be an important measure that makes fry normal growth and growth.
So far fry has had certain ability of initiatively looking for food, but still keeps the animation that swims.Under the natural temperature in Bohai Sea Gulf, through about 20 days, the juvenile fish body reached 10-12mm from the hatching beginning.
F, management
Often observe the behavior of fry, and observe in the fry stomach and intestine whether food is arranged.Check whether bait (wheel animalcule, artemia nauplii) and little Nitzschia closterium minutissima are in above-mentioned density.The normal condition fry is random distribution on each degree of depth in the pond, whether will note anoxic when floating to the water surface on most fries.Every day monitoring pool water dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen otherwise less than 7mg/L, ammonia nitrogen otherwise greater than 0.3mg/L.Need in time change water during as dissolved oxygen decline or ammonia nitrogen rising.Go into 10 days of pond prelarva and can not change water, in order to avoid fry comes to harm with interior.When changing water later in 10 days, drainpipe is put into the net cage siphon and discharge 20-30% of the former volume of pond water, add the seawater of handling well again with amount.Adjust the density of wheel animalcule or artemia nauplii after changing water, and add little Nitzschia closterium minutissima to above-mentioned density.
Went into behind the pond 15 days from fry, removed residual bait and ight soil at the bottom of the pond with siphonage in every 5-7 days.
G, Fen Chi
The spray phase fingerling of Trachidermus fasciatus that body reaches 10mm has possessed preliminary active swimming and the ability of initiatively looking for food in the hydrostatic fishpond, begin cluster gradually and move about.Will carry out the branch pond this moment, and making fry density is 10000 tails/m
3When fry length arrived the long 13mm of body, density will further drop to 5000 tails/m
3The trachidermus fasciatus spray that reaches above-mentioned specification under normal circumstances begins to carry out metamorphosis.It is very slow that the spray later stage enters the long growth of body of abnormal fingerling of Trachidermus fasciatus, and the wide growth of body is rapid, and becomes the flat build of abdomen dorsal part gradually.Enter spray during the later stage, note observing fry and whether normally carry out metamorphosis.When life is dwelt in the end in the abnormal battalion of fry, promptly grow summer flower during the stage, make breeding density be not more than 1500 tails/m
2Suitably reduce density and can make the fry growth hurry up, but reduce the availability in fishpond.This moment, density will be by the floor space in fishpond rather than the volume calculating of pressing water body.When fry long long during for 15mm to body, density otherwise greater than 500 tails/m
2
H, desalination and bait conversion
When fry grows abnormal and seeks the end when dwelling life, carry out the desalination of fry.Desalination finished in six days, reduced salinity 5 ‰ every day, was till 5-7 ‰ to salinity.When salinity is reduced to 10 ‰ or when following, the time-to-live of artemia nauplii significantly shortens, easily cause fry ingest not enough and polluted water.Can use: 1. the fresh water copepoda is fished for copepoda from freshwater or puddle, drops into culture pond after running water is rinsed well.The time-to-live of fresh water copepoda in seawater is about 6 hours, can reaches 9 hours in 10 ‰ following time-to-live of salinity, can be eaten and not remain by fry fully under the inexcessive situation of throwing something and feeding.2. the build of the naked abdomen fleas of the various fresh water of the naked abdomen flea of fresh water (Moina spp.) is less, though adult still greater than the bore of ingesting of fry this moment, the young and young body are the bait that suits.Adopting when catching naked abdomen flea, note adopting in the colony that catches the young and young body rather than adult and account for more ratio as bait.Cultivate in the indoor and outdoors pond of naked abdomen flea can be with reference to relevant data.The naked abdomen flea of fresh water in seawater, can survive 2-3 hours, under 10 ‰ salinity, can survive 5-6 hours.3. the Mongolian naked abdomen flea naked abdomen flea of Mongolia (Moina mongolia) can be in 4 ‰-40 ‰ salinity range growth and breeding.Its young and young body are not eaten after throwing something and feeding and can survive stand-byly yet, can breed the agreeable to the taste young in the fishpond greater than the ingest adult of bore of fry yet, and the back fry that itself also can be grown up gradually is edible.The naked abdomen flea of Mongolia can be in the salt water lake such as the yellow flag sea in the Inner Mongol, reach in lake etc. locate to gather, indoor and outdoors pond cultural method can be with reference to relevant data.
The spray later stage and the summer flower phase fry bait throwing in can be every day twice, get fry after throwing something and feeding and observe and to reach the degree of being satiated with food and get final product.
I, management
Enter the abnormal spray later stage and finish abnormal summer flower phase fingerling of Trachidermus fasciatus and perch in the bottom, pond more, seldom layer waterborne moves about to the pond except that ingesting.To substitute instrument through hydrophore commonly used or other and whether gather bottom water sample monitoring dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen in above-mentioned normal range (NR).The fingerling of Trachidermus fasciatus of growing this moment has lost the ability of swimming at surface water balance, can not judge anoxic with " floating head ".The long-time delay at the bottom of the pond of organic matter sediment can make the water quality of bottom water degenerate and surface water sampling sample monitoring can't reflect.According to the every 3-5 of the situation of water quality days with at the bottom of the siphonage cleaning pond once, to increase the number of times at the bottom of the cleaning pond when using the fresh water food organisms as the case may be.
Finish abnormal 15 days limited with interior trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry because of the bore of ingesting, still can not oneself kill and devour mutually.The cultivation of summer flower fry should finish in 5-10 days after metamorphosis.But packed and transported was cultured or was discharged in the freshwater lake to freshwater and breeds this moment.
J, packing and transportation
Finish abnormal trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry and just can pack, be transported to freshwater lake or the river propagation of releasing, or render to freshwater and culture.The trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry of this moment does not also grow the hard sour jujube that can injure mutually, can use and other fish seed similar methods, with higher density packed and transported.Below the discharge outlet of fishpond, place a tank, the net cage of the high effluent trough of a upper limb is housed in the tank.Open the fishpond draining valve, water is carrying fry and is entering net cage.The fry that enters net cage just can be packed after using the water with salinity to rinse out foul again.In the packaging bag of 2kg plastics fry, put into fry 300 tails, add freshly prepared salinity and be 5 ‰ brackish water 1/3 place, seal after the oxygenation to the plastic sack height.The plastic sack that installs fry is put into foam plastic reservoir, put into again in the case packaged ice cube several, seal bubble chamber, just can load and transport.
The trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry of packing with said method survived through 48 hours and reaches more than 90%.
K, release or put in a suitable place to breed in the pond
The trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry that is transported to the destination can discharge to natural water body or freshwaters such as lake.When rendering to above-mentioned water body, notice that the temperature difference of packaging bag and desire input water body is no more than 3 ℃, but needn't consider that both salinity are poor.The trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry brackish water of the 5-7 from packaging bag ‰ safely directly enters fresh water.When rendering to freshwater and culture, in the pond, to cultivate in advance good sufficient cladocera or copepoda bait as fry.
Claims (2)
1. the production method of a Sungkiang weever seed is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) pond and bait are prepared
March in early spring, water inlet after the open country is removed through cleaning up the pond in fresh water or brackish water pond, a pool grow plankton, throw in blue or green Medaka 800-1200 tail/mus, and the commodity bait of throwing something and feeding is cultivated blue or green Medaka, pool side plantation pasture and water provide oviposition substrate for blue or green Medaka, and the pasture and water area accounts for 10-15% of the pond gross area;
(2) F1 throws in for summer offspring of Songjiang blue pickerel
Reach 18 ℃-20 ℃ in the pond water temperature, when cladocera or copepoda appear in the pond, drop into F1 for summer offspring of Songjiang blue pickerel with the injected volume of 800-1300 tail/mus;
(3) F1 raising together with for Sungkiang weever and blue or green Medaka
In the process of F1 for trachidermus fasciatus and blue or green Medaka mixed breed, keep the pond depth of water at 60-80 centimetres, the transparency of Chi Shui when the pool water within transparency increases, suitably increases daily ration, feeding quantity or topdresses between 30-40 centimetres; When water transparence reduces, reduce daily ration, feeding quantity or stop bait throwing in; Need not draining and change water;
(4) F1 is for the results of trachidermus fasciatus adult fish and blue or green Medaka
Trachidermus fasciatus F1 carries out in the first tenday period of a month in October for the results of adult fish and blue or green Medaka, and elder generation drains the pond after drawing in the net to catch out blue or green Medaka and part trachidermus fasciatus with the aperture order, collects the trachidermus fasciatus of statvolt at the bottom of the pond in drainage procedure;
(5) F1 is for seawater transition and the overwintering period feeding and management of trachidermus fasciatus adult fish
F1 is for the seawater transition of Sungkiang weever and survive the winter and carry out in indoor cement pit or booth;
1. seawater transition
It is 7 ‰ that Xiang Chizhong adding fresh water and seawater make the salinity of Chi Shui, the trachidermus fasciatus of results is put into different ponds respectively with blue or green Medaka, the depth of water in trachidermus fasciatus pond is 0.5 meter, place 0.8-1.2 every square metre in fish nest at the bottom of the pond, every square metre 5 tail of injected volume, 1.5 meters of the blue or green Medaka pond depth of waters, 0.5 kilogram in every cubic metre of water body of injected volume, add seawater afterwards every day and make the salinity of Chi Shui increase by 3 ‰, make the pond salinity water in trachidermus fasciatus pond and blue or green Medaka pond in 5-7 days, reach 25-32 ‰;
2. the phase feeding and management of surviving the winter
A, F1 are for trachidermus fasciatus adult fish culture pond
Begin from the seawater transition, culture the pond from blue or green Medaka and fish for blue or green Medaka, drop into trachidermus fasciatus and culture in the pond, density is 50 tails/M
2And keep above-mentioned density, when being reduced, add blue or green Medaka by the edible density of trachidermus fasciatus, ight soil at the bottom of pond of removing in per 2 to 3 days also changes water, keeps water temperature to be not less than 0 ℃, and overwintering period is by the natural lighting cycle, light stimulation is avoided in suitable shading when sunlight is strong night;
B, blue or green Medaka are cultured the pond
After blue or green Medaka entered the indoor culture pond, threw in artitificial food by 5% of blue or green Medaka body weight every day, does suitable adjustment according to the situation of ingesting, go into after the winter along with the reduction of water temperature, reduce daily ration, feeding quantity gradually, removed residual bait and the ight soil at the bottom of the pond in per 3-5 days, and change water once, quantity of exchanged water 50%;
(6) trachidermus fasciatus F1 accelerating the ripening for adult fish
Enter late January in the north, south enters late December, begin the trachidermus fasciatus adult fish is accelerated the ripening, method is: make the pond water circulation, the every morning draining is to the only surplus 10cm of the degree of depth of water, stop and add water to 50-70cm depth of water after 1-2 hours again, continue to keep the density of the blue or green Medaka of forage fiss during accelerating the ripening;
(7) trachidermus fasciatus F1 is for the breeding of parent population
At the beginning of the north enters 3 months, when south enters mid-February F1 begins for trachidermus fasciatus milter rivalry behavior, increase by one times in fish nest as mating place and oviposition substrate, only keep 1/4 of blue or green Medaka density before breeding period this moment, in time remove dead individual, avoid night unnecessary bright lamp to observe and interference, collection every morning sticks in the fish nest and the fertilized egg at the bottom of the pond, and promptly F2 in time puts into hatching basket flowing water and hatches for trachidermus fasciatus fertilized egg;
(8) F2 is for the trachidermus fasciatus fertilized egg hatching
Seawater through sand filtration is put into to the 0.4-0.6m degree of depth in the cement hatchery after sterilization, the inflation of gas stone is placed in the bottom, hatchery, and pond edge fixedly immersible pump produce the cisterna ambiens current, the hatching basket that oosperm block is housed is through sealing and be fixed on the bottom of hatchery, check the developmental state of a fertilized egg every day, when development of fertilized ova to sending out eye during the phase, the hatching basket that fills pieces of an egg is put into the net cage made from 80 mesh sieve thin,tough silk, each net cage is put 2-3 hatching baskets, net cage is put into another hatchery, lower edge is 8-10cm at the bottom of the pond, upper limb 10-the 15cm that surfaces puts the plastics immersible pump that 1-2 aquariums are used on the outer fixed mount of net cage, and delivery port connects plastic tube makes Chi Shui flow into net cage, when prelarva in the net cage hatches and float, in time scoop out prelarva and put into the fry rearing pond;
(9) F2 cultivates for trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry
Indoor cement pit is put into the seawater handled to the 1-1.5m degree of depth after sterilization, the inflation of gas stone is installed at the bottom of the pond makes the dissolved oxygen of Chi Shui be not less than 5mg/L, add unit cell algae artificial or that cultivate naturally in the water and make water transparence drop to 50-80cm, the illumination of adjusting the water surface is 800-1000lx; The come-up trachidermus fasciatus prelarva of taking out from the hatchery is rendered to the fry culture pond with the density of 8000-20000 tail/m3;
1. the opening of fry
Trachidermus fasciatus prelarva membrane 2-4 swims the sky to swim and add the wheel animalcule opening in the fry culture pond, wheel animalcule adds yeast in indoor unit cell algae or unit cell algae and strengthens, wheel animalcule density in the fry culture pond maintains 4-6/ml, the unit cell algae that adds simultaneously artificial culture in the pool water within makes the about 40000-60000/ml of unit cell algae density of Chi Shui;
2. regulating the phototaxis of illumination correction juvenile fish gathers
The unit cell algae of throwing in higher density in the pool water within is eliminated the phototaxis of prelarva and gathers to reduce the transparency of Chi Shui;
3. throw something and feed
After throwing something and feeding wheel animalcule 4-5 days, add the throwing artemia nauplii, the wheel animalcule 4-6 of promptly throwing something and feeding simultaneously/ml and artemia nauplii 2-3/ml 4-5 days stop the wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding then, and the artemia nauplii 4-6 that only throws something and feeds is individual/ml, can use copepoda and cladocera then;
4. management method
Often observe the behavior of fry, and observe in the fry stomach and intestine whether food is arranged, check whether bait wheel animalcule, artemia nauplii and unit cell algae are in above-mentioned density, every day monitoring pool water dissolved oxygen and ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen is not less than 7mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is not more than 0.3mg/L, when fry hatching changed water later in 10 days, drainpipe is put into the 20%-30% that the former volume of pond water is discharged in the net cage siphon, add the seawater of handling well again with amount, adjust the density of wheel animalcule or artemia nauplii after changing water, and add the unit cell algae to above-mentioned density;
Went into behind the pond 15 days from fry, removed residual bait and ight soil at the bottom of the pond with siphonage in every 5-7 days;
5. divide the pond
The spray phase that reaches 10mm when body is carried out the branch pond during fingerling of Trachidermus fasciatus, and making fry density is 10000 tails/m
3, when fry length arrived the long 13mm of body, breeding density further dropped to 5000 tails/m
3, the trachidermus fasciatus spray fry that reaches above-mentioned specification begins to carry out the life of dwelling at the end of metamorphosis battalion, becomes the summer flower fry, and breeding density at this moment should be not more than 1500 tails/m
2, when fry length was 15mm to body is long, density should be not more than 400-600 tail/m
2
6. desalinate, pack and transport
Finishing abnormal trachidermus fasciatus summer flower fry can desalinate, still keep the density of above-mentioned biological feed during the desalination, adding fresh water during desalination in the pond makes the salinity of Chi Shui reduce by 3 ‰-5 ‰ every day, in 2-6 days, reach 5 ‰-7 ‰, just can pack, be transported to freshwater lake or the river propagation of releasing, or render to freshwater and culture.
2. the production method of Sungkiang weever seed according to claim 1 is characterized in that every mu of step (3) mixed breed imposes 0.5 kilogram in urea, 0.1 kilogram of diammonium hydrogen phosphate.
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| CN103004667A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-04-03 | 珠海市斗门区河口渔业研究所 | Sea bass culturing method suitable for low salinity pond in estuary area |
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| CN101933481A (en) * | 2010-09-09 | 2011-01-05 | 常熟市水产技术推广站 | Culture method of trachidermus fasciatus |
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| CN1031465A (en) * | 1987-09-26 | 1989-03-08 | 复旦大学 | Artificial breeding method of trachidermus fasciatus |
| CN1480032A (en) * | 2003-07-07 | 2004-03-10 | 复旦大学 | Techique for breeding aquation yound fish of 'Songjiang' weever |
| CN1915007A (en) * | 2006-09-12 | 2007-02-21 | 河北农业大学 | Production method for summer offspring of Songjiang blue pickerel |
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| CN103004667A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-04-03 | 珠海市斗门区河口渔业研究所 | Sea bass culturing method suitable for low salinity pond in estuary area |
| CN103004667B (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2015-05-27 | 珠海市斗门区河口渔业研究所 | Sea bass culturing method suitable for low salinity pond in estuary area |
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