CN101405518B - 同步万向节 - Google Patents

同步万向节 Download PDF

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CN101405518B
CN101405518B CN200780010142.4A CN200780010142A CN101405518B CN 101405518 B CN101405518 B CN 101405518B CN 200780010142 A CN200780010142 A CN 200780010142A CN 101405518 B CN101405518 B CN 101405518B
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universal joint
hub
external hub
joint connector
external
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CN101405518A (zh
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C·迪斯尔
M·尼德林福内尔
M·卢茨
V·圣米哈伊
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Shaft Form Engineering GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/06—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end
    • F16D1/08—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key
    • F16D1/0852—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key with radial clamping between the mating surfaces of the hub and shaft
    • F16D1/0858—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key with radial clamping between the mating surfaces of the hub and shaft due to the elasticity of the hub (including shrink fits)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/10—Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially
    • F16D2001/103—Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially the torque is transmitted via splined connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/22326—Attachments to the outer joint member, i.e. attachments to the exterior of the outer joint member or to the shaft of the outer joint member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00—Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/12—Mounting or assembling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S464/00—Rotary shafts, gudgeons, housings, and flexible couplings for rotary shafts
    • Y10S464/904—Homokinetic coupling
    • Y10S464/906—Torque transmitted via radially spaced balls
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/70—Interfitted members
    • Y10T403/7026—Longitudinally splined or fluted rod
    • Y10T403/7035—Specific angle or shape of rib, key, groove, or shoulder

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Motor Power Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Snaps, Bayonet Connections, Set Pins, And Snap Rings (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种同步万向节，具有一个内部轮毂和一个外部轮毂，在该内部轮毂和该外部轮毂中设置有彼此成对地对应配置的滚动轨道，用于传递转矩的滚珠被接收在这些滚动轨道中。此外，该万向节设置有至少一个万向节连接装置(2)，所述万向节连接装置在该万向节装配好的状态中与所述轮毂之一(1)通过用于传递转矩的、彼此对应配置的型廓部无相对转动地相连接。

Description

同步万向节
技术领域
本发明涉及一种同步万向节，具有一个内部轮毂和一个外部轮毂以及至少一个万向节连接装置，在该内部轮毂和该外部轮毂中各设置有多个彼此成对地对应配置的滚动轨道，在保持架中被导向的、用于在该内部轮毂与该外部轮毂之间传递转矩的滚珠被接收在这些滚动轨道中，所述万向节连接装置在该万向节装配好的状态中与所述轮毂之一通过该轮毂的和所述万向节连接装置的、用于传递转矩的、彼此对应配置的型廓部相连接。
背景技术
这种同步万向节例如在机动车的纵轴或半轴中用于从发动机到被动轮传递转矩。在由DE10209933A1和DE10340583A1公知的同步万向节中，外部轮毂被携动壳体包围着，该携动壳体例如固定焊接在管轴上。外部轮毂和携动壳体在此具有用于传递转矩的、彼此对应配置的型廓部。在万向节装配好的状态中，携动壳体在轴向方向上通过卷边固定在外部轮毂上。
型廓部在此大多通过基本上在万向节的轴向方向上延伸的、具有轴线平行的侧壁或侧面的、具有过渡配合的槽和突起构成，其中，当今通常将一些高精度制造方法用于万向节的部件，例如无切削的制造。过渡配合应一方面可实现在装配期间携动壳体尽可能容易行进地套在外部轮毂上，另一方面可实现在万向节装配好的状态中在携动壳体与外部轮毂之间尽可能无间隙地连接。
但在工作中通过过渡配合可在外部轮毂与携动壳体之间产生很小的间隙，该间隙尤其是在转动方向变换时导致这些构件之间的最小的相对运动。因此，在槽和突起的在圆周方向上设置的侧壁或侧面彼此靠置之前，在万向节转动方向的任意方向变换时在万向节中可发生很小的不同运动。这可导致万向节中不期望的喀嚓噪声。
在DE10342497A1中提出，这样构造轴颈和内部轮毂，使得在轴颈***到轮毂中时在径向方向上暂时保留一个间隙，以便可由手容易地***。仅当滑动行程结束时轴颈和轮毂才在径向方向上紧密地彼此靠置。
发明内容
与此相对，本发明的任务在于，提供一种开头所述类型的可尽可能容易装配的同步万向节，在该同步万向节中即使在负荷或转动方向变换时也不在所述在圆周上接合的构件、如轮毂与万向节连接装置之间产生不同运动。
根据本发明，该任务基本上这样来解决：本发明提出了一种同步万向节，具有一个内部轮毂和一个外部轮毂以及至少一个万向节连接装置，在该内部轮毂和该外部轮毂中各设置有多个彼此成对地对应配置的滚动轨道，在保持架中被导向的、用于在该内部轮毂与该外部轮毂之间传递转矩的滚珠被接收在这些滚动轨道中，所述万向节连接装置在该万向节装配好的状态中与所述外部轮毂通过该外部轮毂的和所述万向节连接装置的、用于传递转矩的、彼此对应配置的型廓部相连接，其特征在于：这些型廓部被构造成相互适配，使得该外部轮毂在该万向节装配好的状态中至少在圆周方向上以压配合无相对转动地与所述万向节连接装置相连接，
该外部轮毂的和所述万向节连接装置的型廓部彼此间以确定的分度偏差对应配置
在此尤其是轮毂在万向节装配好的状态中在弹性预夹紧下与万向节连接装置相连接。当轮毂和万向节连接装置由此彼此卡紧时，这些在圆周上接合的构件之间的相对运动或不同运动即使在负荷或转动方向变换时也不再可能。
优选型廓部这样构造和相互适配，使得万向节连接装置在万向节装配期间至少对于万向节连接装置相对于轮毂的轴向滑动行程的一部分可容易行进地以间隙配合或过渡配合相对于轮毂滑动并且仅在轴向滑动行程的最后部分中轮毂以压配合无相对转动地与万向节连接装置相连接。基本上容易行进的滑动在此意味着，该滑动必要时也可由手在无附加工具的情况下进行。这可实现由手预装配并且因此有助于轴在万向节上连接的显著简化。尤其是通过该手动的预装配已经获得良好的预取向。于是仅在***行程的第二部分中才例如在借助于工具的情况下使用较高的力投入，该较高的力投入通过较强的摩擦引起。但由于由手进行的程度深的预装配，装配可在***行程的第二部分中以相对简单的工具进行。
根据本发明的一个优选实施形式，型廓部通过一些彼此对应配置的突起和凹部构成，这些突起和这些凹部设置在轮毂和万向节连接装置的彼此面对的圆周面上。因此例如可在外部轮毂的外面上设置多个槽，而在作为万向节连接装置的携动壳体的内面上构造相应的突起或携动接片。
轮毂的和/或万向节连接装置的型廓部在此可具有在万向节的轴向方向上这样变化的深度和/或高度，使得轮毂在万向节装配好的状态中以压配合无相对转动地与万向节连接装置相连接。因此例如构造在外部轮毂的外面上的槽的槽深度在外部轮毂的轴向方向上从在装配期间面对携动壳体的侧到在装配期间背离携动壳体的侧减小。由此，在携动壳体的内面上的突起的高度恒定的情况下，首先可将突起容易地***到槽中，其中，在装配结束时在槽与突起之间进行卡紧，该卡紧导致使轮毂与万向节连接装置之间的不同运动得到防止的压配合。作为对此的替换方案或附加于此，突起的高度也可以以适当的方式变化，由此，以此方式进行轮毂与万向节连接装置之间的卡紧。
根据本发明的另一个优选实施形式，轮毂的和/或万向节连接装置的型廓部设置有在万向节的轴向方向上这样变化的宽度，使得在万向节装配好的状态中获得轮毂与万向节连接装置之间的无相对转动的压配合。并且在此首先可将突起或类似结构容易地***到例如槽中，由此，仅当携动壳体或类似的万向节连接装置完全套在轮毂上时，才建立压配合，该压配合防止这些部件之间的相对运动。
根据本发明，轮毂的和/或万向节连接装置的型廓部可构造有在圆周方向上彼此对置的侧壁或侧面，其中，例如一个槽的两个侧壁或者一个突起的两个侧壁彼此相对这样倾斜，使得轮毂在万向节装配好的状态中以压配合无相对转动地与万向节连接装置相连接。侧壁在此例如可在径向上延伸并且例如构造成锥状或截锥状。以此方式可使轮毂和万向节连接装置彼此相对这样夹紧，使得即使在负荷或转动方向变换时也不在这些构件之间产生相对运动。
在此尤其是槽或突起中的一些在一个(圆周)方向上错位地设置，而另外的槽或突起在另一个(圆周)方向上错位地设置。以此方式保证，在转动方向变换时在这些构件之间不产生不同运动。
为了使轮毂和万向节连接装置在万向节装配好的状态中在轴向方向上彼此相对固定或预夹紧，例如构造成携动壳体的万向节连接装置可通过卷边在万向节的外部轮毂上预夹紧地固定。通过这种轴向的预夹紧在相应构造型廓部的情况下获得轮毂与万向节连接装置之间的压配合。
在根据本发明的同步万向节中优选至少轮毂和所述至少一个万向节连接装置基本上无切削地制成。因此，外部轮毂例如可用实体环或板件成形。携动壳体也优选是成形的板件，该板件例如可与管轴焊接。作为对此的替换方案，管轴的端部也可型廓化，以便形成携动壳体或类似的万向节连接装置。但根据本发明的同步万向节也可部分地或完全地通过切削加工来制造。
此外，本发明还涉及一种万向轴，该万向轴具有上述类型的、优选构造成固定式万向节的同步万向节。
此外，本发明还涉及一种车辆，该车辆具有这种万向轴。
原则上，根据本发明的同步万向节也可构造成滑动式万向节。无相对转动的压配合或类似使不同运动得到防止的连接不必设置在外部轮毂与携动壳体之间。而是也可在一个内部轮毂与一个轴颈或类似件之间设置这种连接的万向节连接元件，该连接即使在负荷或转动方向变换时也抑制这种在圆周上接合的构件之间的相对运动。
附图说明
下面借助于实施例并且参照附图对本发明进行详细描述。附图表示：
图1根据本发明的万向节的外部轮毂和携动壳体的立体视图；以及
图2根据本发明的万向节的外部轮毂和携动壳体上的型廓部的横向剖面视图的局部。
具体实施方式
在图1中在左侧示意性地示出了一个同步固定式万向节的环状的外部轮毂1，而在图1的右侧示出了一个构造成携动壳体2的万向节连接装置。外部轮毂1在其内面上具有多个滚动轨道3，这些滚动轨道例如可如在DE10209933A1中所描述的那样构造。外部轮毂1的内面的处于滚动轨道3之间的区域可被构造用于对该图中未示出的保持架进行导向。另外，在外部轮毂1中可***一个也未示出的内部轮毂，该内部轮毂在其外面上具有滚动轨道，这些滚动轨道对应配置给外部轮毂1的滚动轨道3，由此可在滚动轨道中接收一些用于在内部轮毂与外部轮毂1之间传递转矩的滚珠。滚珠在此可在保持架的窗中被导向。
携动壳体2在其在图1中处于右侧的侧上与一个管轴4例如通过一个用焊缝5表示的焊接部相连接。为了装配万向节，首先将内部轮毂置入到外部轮毂1中，其中，滚珠被接收在滚动轨道3中。接着，将携动壳体2套在外部轮毂1上并且尤其是通过卷边在轴向方向上固定在外部轮毂1上。
为了在外部轮毂1与携动壳体2之间传递转矩，在外部轮毂1的外面上设置有多个槽6，而在携动壳体2的内面上设置有多个突起7或携动接片。如从图2的剖面视图中可看到的那样，每个槽6的在圆周方向上设置并且彼此面对的侧壁8a和8b不是彼此相对平行地延伸。而是侧壁8a和8b在径向方向上锥状地彼此相对倾斜地取向。并且携动壳体2的每个突起7的侧壁9a和9b彼此相对倾斜，由此，突起7在横截面中构造成截锥状。
另外，在图1中可看到，槽的宽度从外部轮毂1的背离携动壳体2的侧到外部轮毂1的面对携动壳体2的侧增大。槽6在轴向方向上的宽度由此也锥状地扩宽。相应地，突起7也构造得在轴向方向上锥状地延伸。
如果为了装配万向节现在将携动壳体2套到外部轮毂1上，则侧壁8a和9a或8b和9b首先还未彼此相接触。仅当携动壳体2完全套到外部轮毂1上并且在该外部轮毂上在轴向方向上固定，槽6和突起7的侧面或侧壁才彼此压紧。由此防止外部轮毂1与携动壳体2之间在圆周方向上的相对运动。在槽6和突起7的侧壁彼此相对卡紧时也可产生槽6和/或突起7的弹性变形。通过轮毂1与万向节连接装置2之间的根据本发明的夹紧或卡紧，即使在万向节的负荷或转动方向变换时也不可发生外部轮毂1与携动壳体2之间的不同运动。因此在工作中在万向节上不产生干扰性噪声。

Claims (3)

1.同步万向节，具有一个内部轮毂和一个外部轮毂(1)以及至少一个万向节连接装置(2)，在该内部轮毂和该外部轮毂中各设置有多个彼此成对地对应配置的滚动轨道(3)，在保持架中被导向的、用于在该内部轮毂与该外部轮毂(1)之间传递转矩的滚珠被接收在这些滚动轨道中，所述万向节连接装置在该万向节装配好的状态中与所述外部轮毂(1)通过该外部轮毂(1)的和所述万向节连接装置(2)的、用于传递转矩的、彼此对应配置的型廓部(6，7)相连接，
其特征在于：这些型廓部(6，7)通过一些彼此对应配置的突起(7)和凹部(6)构成，这些突起和这些凹部设置在该外部轮毂(1)和所述万向节连接装置(2)的彼此面对的圆周面上，
每个型廓部的凹部(6)在圆周方向上具有彼此对置的侧壁(8a，8b)，这些侧壁彼此相对倾斜以使得所述凹部(6)在该万向节的轴向方向上的宽度变化，
这些型廓部(6，7)这样构造和相互适配，使得该轮毂(1)在该万向节装配好的状态中至少在圆周方向上以压配合无相对转动地与所述万向节连接装置(2)相连接，
该外部轮毂(1)的和所述万向节连接装置(2)的型廓部(6，7)具有确定的分度偏差，
所述确定的分度偏差导致凹部(6)或突起(7)中的一些在一个圆周方向上错位地设置，而另外的凹部(6)或突起(7)在另一个圆周方向上错位地设置。
2.根据权利要求1的同步万向节，其特征在于：至少所述外部轮毂(1)和所述万向节连接装置(2)无切削地制成。
3.万向轴，具有至少一个根据权利要求1或2的同步万向节。
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