CN101287586A

CN101287586A - Apparatus for and method of forming concrete and transferring loads between concrete slabs

Info

Publication number: CN101287586A
Application number: CNA2006800000645A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 斯蒂芬·F·麦克唐纳; 迈克尔·E·卡罗尔; 理查德·D·乔丹
Original assignee: E-Z Templates Inc
Current assignee: E-Z Templates Inc
Priority date: 2005-02-09
Filing date: 2006-02-09
Publication date: 2008-10-15
Also published as: US20070176075A1; US20070261361A1; US20050166531A1; AU2006202658A1

Abstract

An apparatus for forming concrete includes a form having a slot configured to closely receive a plate. The slot is defined by one or more annular surfaces having central axes perpendicular to a direction in which the slot receives the plate. A method for forming same includes providing a sheet of form material; disposing a release layer on the sheet; cutting the sheet into a plurality of forms having a predetermined form height; and cutting a slot in each of each of the plurality of forms. Another apparatus for forming concrete includes a plate having a first portion and a second portion. An elastomer coating is disposed on the first portion. When disposed in a joint defined by a first volume of concrete and a second volume of concrete, the first volume of concrete adheres only to the elastomer coating and the second volume of concrete adheres only to the second portion. A method for forming concrete includes providing a plate having a coated first portion and a second portion; providing a form having a slot configured to closely receive the second portion; inserting the second portion in the slot; positioning the form to receive concrete; pouring a volume of concrete on the form and the first portion; curing the volume of concrete and defining cured concrete; and removing the form from the cured concrete. The plate remains in the cured concrete.

Description

The apparatus and method of forming concrete and transferring loads between concrete slabs

Background technology

Traditional concrete road surface is laid and is comprised that the preparation template is provided with template then on every side in the Pavement Design zone.Template has the vertical inner surface of accepting and holding cast concrete.Template has horizontal top surface, and this end face usually and the flush of cast concrete perhaps flushes with the road surface behind concrete curing.Template has the back side that leans against on the pile, and the pile appropriate intervals is opened, and is used for template is remained on the appropriate location.In order to be provided for final floating gap, the frequent scene of concrete worker cuts out the chamfering between the template end face and the back side.

Very big road surface needs very big template preparation and work is set.If be used for the blank of template is weak point and/or flexible, then especially true.The template of rigidity is compared with length, and short and flexible template needs more piles to guarantee accurate and smooth pavement edge.Short template also needs more chamfering that the time is set.No matter template is long or weak point, for big zone, road surface, on-the-spot chamfering all needs the plenty of time.

It is desirable to, the template that is used to accept cast concrete should have height accurately, is used to provide slab-thickness accurately.Regrettably, the height of on-the-spot template is usually less than obtaining the suitable required accurate height of slab-thickness.These highly not enough templates can be set to end face usually and be in suitable height with respect to the pavement-height of expecting, but present the not bottom surface of contact, therefore allow to occur the gap, and cast concrete leaks from the gap.Can waste concrete like this and need extra work to eliminate excessive part.

Leak from template, particularly on the planar surface that banjo fixing butt jointing place leakage concrete will cause finishing, depression occurs, thereby cause attractive in appearance inadequately.Depression also can the damaging surface covering, fragment of brick for example, and this is because obducent layout and bonding unevenness or imperfection can be impelled in uneven surface.The leakage concrete that solidifies is also invaded adjacent panels, causes the space and/or increases the possibility that produces latch-up structure, and this will cause breaking and joint fails.Finally, can damage flat board usually by the excess concrete of cutting a hole down excess concrete removal curing.Therefore, avoid template to leak is necessary very much.

Regrettably, also nobody proposes the concrete method of moulding and is used for moulding concrete as lower device before: promptly, this device comprise have predetermined accurately not highly and firm, endless, the template of chamfering in advance.

In the construction of the concrete road surface of highway, airfield runway, large-scale storehouse building etc., avoid concrete random crack to occur and make and be necessary the road surface is divided into dull and stereotyped easily section.In this, the concrete worker pours into a mould the monolithic concrete flat slab, allows concrete flat slab to solidify at short notice.Then, dull and stereotyped transverse concave groove is crossed in workman's cutting, and the degree of depth of described groove is about 1/4th of slab-thickness, and the spacing between the cut-in groove is selected according to application scenario and design.For the common spacing that adopts 12 to 40 feet of express highway pavement.

When the concrete curing of flat board, the power that is caused by the heating curing reaction causes the cross section below each groove to dwindle the place passing slab-thickness and form vertical crackle usually.This controlled crackle is divided into predetermined separating plate section effectively with flat board.

The definite adjacent interlocking face that forms by the cement and aggregate in the concrete of vertical crackle or joint.But at weight, when for example motor vehicle was by joint, interlocking face transmitted the vertical shear stress between the adjacent panels section, and this is the phenomenon of a kind of being commonly referred to " aggregate interlocking ".

Along with the use amount on road surface increases day by day, the aggregate interlocking causes producing between the dull and stereotyped junction wearing and tearing.In addition, periodic and extreme variations in temperature reduces dull and stereotyped volume.Therefore, as time passes, when the traffic object passed through joint continuously, can wear and tear and polish in the junction, entirely ineffective then, thereby cause the adjacent panels section relative vertical displacement to occur, coarse road surface therefore occurs.Joint fails also is subjected to the influence of water erosion more and more easily, and water can freeze and cause the damage between the adjacent panels.

In order to stop the relative vertical displacement between the adjacent panels, prior art is implanted the pin of extend past joint junction in concrete.Some pins are smooth iron staff, and its diameter is about 1 inch, and length is about 2 feet.Every rod is applied or otherwise handles, make rod along its length or can not be attached on the concrete at the one end at least.Therefore, when flat board in solidification process and expand along with variations in temperature subsequently and when shrinking, pin can also keep the vertical aligning of adjacent panels with respect to adjacent panels horizontal movement freely, increases the aggregate interlocking with the vertical shear stress of process joint transmission.For example, be called the U.S. Patent No. 3397626 of " being used for concrete plastic coat pin rod (Plastic CoatedDowel Bar for Concrete) " referring to the name of publishing the August 20 nineteen sixty-eight that belongs to people such as J.B.Kornick, and belong to the U.S. Patent No. 4449844 that the name of publishing in 22 days Mays in 1984 of T.J.Larsen is called " pin that is used for the road surface joint " (Dowel for Pavement Joints).

Except other problem, there is the problem that expends a large amount of time and efforts manufacturings and pin is set in above-mentioned technology.

Another stops the technology of the relative vertical displacement between the adjacent panels section to comprise: embed square load plate in adjacent panels, the relative bight of load plate is aimed at joint.For fear of the stress response that is caused by contraction or heat between the load plate peace plate, the concrete worker at first embeds the sealing sheath pipe that is used to accept the load plate in a vertical joint face.In this, the workman will install the plate nail on template with nail, and sealing sheath pipe extends from described installation plate, and locating template is to accept cast concrete then.In case concrete curing and being attached on the sealing sheath pipe, the workman just takes template away and will seal sheath and guarantee and stay the appropriate location.Then, the workman inserts the load plate in the sealing sheath pipe.At last, the workman pours into a mould adjacent panels, and this adjacent panels is attached on the expose portion of load plate.For example, U.S. Patent No. 6354760 (' 760 patents that are called " system (Systems forTransferring Loads Between Cast-in-Place Slabs) that is used to transmit load between the cast-in-place flat board " referring to the name of publishing the 12 days March in 2002 that belongs to people such as Boxall), its content at this by incorporated by reference.

The defective of above-mentioned technology comprises and separates manufacturing that plate and load plate are installed and the relevant cost and effort of assembling after first concrete flat slab solidifies subsequently.

With reference to Figure 13, concrete slab 1100 is made of a series of independent blocks or dull and stereotyped 1102-1 to 1102-6 (being generically and collectively referred to as 1102) usually.So same for pavement, track, highway etc.Block 1102 provides several advantages, comprises discharging because the internal stress that dry contraction and hot activity cause.Adjacent block 1102 is located handing-over at joint 1104-1 to 1104-7 (being generically and collectively referred to as 1104).Joint 1104 is spaced apart usually, make each block 1102 have and enough overcome planted agent's intensity of force, otherwise internal stress will cause stress release crackle at random.In the reality, should allow block 1102 independently movings, and block 1102 should be able to be delivered to another block from a block with load.

Usually adopt the smooth iron staff (being also referred to as pin) that embeds in two blocks 1102 that form joint 1104 to realize the transmission of load between the block 1102.For example, the side view of the pin between Figure 14 display panel 1102-4 and the 1102-5 1200.Figure 15 demonstration strides across the cross-sectional view of several pins 1200 of joint 1104 between dull and stereotyped 1102 along Figure 14 cathetus XV-XV.Usually, pin or rod 1200 are approximately 14 to 24 inches long, have circular or foursquare shape of cross section, and be approximately 0.5 to 2 inch thick.This circle or square pin can transmit the load between the adjacent panels 1102, but have several shortcomings.

The U.S. Patent No. 5005331, No.5216862 and the No.5487249 that license to people such as Shaw disclose the tubular pins nail joint of using with the pin rod with circular cross section and have been subjected to the sheath pipe, its content at this by incorporated by reference.

With reference now to Figure 16,, shortcoming circular or square pin is, if pin 1200 is not aimed at, perhaps with joint 1104 out of plumb, they may lock together joint unfriendly, thereby causes causing the unnecessary stress that the flat board of crackle form lost efficacy.This out-of-alignment pin can limit the motion on 1400-1 and the 1400-2 direction.

Another shortcoming square and circular pin is that they only allow the dull and stereotyped longitudinal axis along pin to move usually.As shown in Figure 17, allow to move, limit other direction 1502-1 and 1502-2 and inwardly and the motion on the outward direction simultaneously from paper along the direction 1500 that is parallel to pin 1200.May cause the flat board of crackle form to lose efficacy for this motion restriction on the direction outside pin 1200 longitudinal axis.

License to people's such as Shrader U.S. Patent No. 4733513 (' 513 patents) a kind of pin rod is disclosed, this pin rod has rectangular cross section and the elastic surface that links to each other with the side of rod, the content of this patent at this by incorporated by reference.Disclosed as the 47th to the 49th row place the 5th row in the patent of ' 513, when being used for common concrete and paving flat board, this rod will have about 1/2 to 2 square inch cross section and about 2 to 4 feet length.

With reference to Figure 18 and Figure 19, another shortcoming of the pin rod of prior art is under the load effect, to have only the beginning of each pin rod to transmit load for 3 to 4 inches.This edge at dull and stereotyped 1102-2 produces very high per square inch load, and this can cause the concrete below the pin 1200 to lose efficacy 1600, as Figure 18 and shown in Figure 19.This inefficacy also may appear at pin 1200 tops.

Regrettably, also nobody proposes the concrete method of moulding and be used for moulding concrete as lower device before: promptly, this device comprises that the part in the trough of belt template of packing into applies the load plate.

Unlike in the prior art only being professor or suggestion, what need now is the concrete method of a kind of moulding and to be used for moulding concrete as lower device: promptly, the load plate that this device provides part to apply, described load plate pack into have predetermined accurately height, firm, endless and in advance in the trough of belt template of chamfering, this device: (1) increases between the flat board in the relative motion that is parallel on the accurate direction of the joint longitudinal axis; (2) reduce near the joint per square inch load; (3) make the joint be used for effectively transmitting the material maximization of load between the adjacent cast-in-place flat board; (4) raw material required in the load plate are minimized; And (5) promote the accurate location of load plate, with promotion and the better vertical and parallel alignment of joint and top of concrete.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is used for the concrete method of moulding and is used for the concrete device of moulding overcoming above-mentioned defective by providing a kind of, the load plate that this method and apparatus provides part to apply, this load plate are contained in to have in predetermined accurately height and template trough of belt in advance, firm, endless, chamfering in advance.The embodiment that is used to transmit the device of load between first concrete flat slab that forms joint and second concrete flat slab that constitutes according to the principle of the invention comprises: plate, and it constitutes the load that is suitable for transmitting between the concrete flat slab; Template, it has groove, and described groove constitutes the first that is suitable for closely holding described plate before cast concrete; And the sheath pipe, it constitutes the second portion that is suitable for holding described plate.

The embodiment that is used for the concrete method of moulding that constitutes according to the principle of the invention comprises: provide to constitute the plate that is suitable for transmitting load between the concrete flat slab; Provide and have the template that constitutes the groove that is suitable for closely holding plate first; Settle (location) to be used to accept concrete template; Insert first in the groove and the second portion of plate is exposed; First amount of concrete is cast on template and the second portion; Solidify described first amount of concrete and form first flat board; From first flat board, take template away and expose first; And the sheath pipe is set in first.

The embodiment that is used for the concrete method of moulding that constitutes according to the principle of the invention comprises: provide to constitute the plate that is suitable for transmitting load between the concrete flat slab; Provide and have the template that constitutes the groove that is suitable for closely holding plate first; Settle (location) to be used to accept concrete template; Insert first in the groove and the second portion of plate is exposed; The sheath pipe is set on second portion; Cast first amount of concrete on template and sheath pipe; And solidify first amount of concrete and form first flat board.

The embodiment that is used for the concrete method of moulding that constitutes according to the principle of the invention comprises: template is provided, and wherein template constitutes a part that is suitable for the sheath pipe and is fixed on the template, can make the exterior orientation of sheath pipe be contact concrete when pouring into a mould thus; Settle (location) to be used to accept concrete template; The sheath pipe is fixed on the template; First amount of concrete is cast on template and the outside; And solidify described first amount of concrete and form first flat board.

For above-mentioned purpose, the invention provides improved element and arrangements of elements, these can economical, reliably and effectively realize purpose of design of the present invention.

According to the explanation that preferred embodiment carries out being appreciated that other features and advantages of the present invention below with reference to accompanying drawing.

Description of drawings

Describe the present invention below with reference to the accompanying drawings in detail, similarly reference marker is always represented corresponding feature in institute's drawings attached, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the environmental perspective view that is used for the embodiment of the concrete device of moulding, and this device constitutes according to principle of the present invention, and it is shown as contiguous concrete;

Fig. 2 is the right side perspective view of going forward that is used for the moulding concrete and transmits another embodiment of the device of load between the concrete flat slab, and this device constitutes according to principle of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the cross-section detail view of drawing along Fig. 2 cathetus 3-3;

Fig. 4 is the vertical view of plate embodiment illustrated in fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of a kind of embodiment of method, and this method is used to make the device that constitutes according to the principle of the invention;

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the concrete method of moulding, and this method constitutes according to principle of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the vertical view that is used for the moulding concrete and transmits the embodiment of the device of load between the concrete flat slab, and this device constitutes according to principle of the present invention, and view partly shows with cross section;

Fig. 8 is the vertical view that is used to transmit another embodiment of the device of load between the concrete flat slab, and this device constitutes according to principle of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is the vertical view that is contained in the part in the concrete flat slab in embodiment illustrated in fig. 8, and the dotted outline stack of rhombus plate thereon;

Figure 10 and Figure 11 hold perspective view embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 embodiment illustrated in fig. 8;

Figure 12 holds top view embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 embodiment illustrated in fig. 8, and view partly shows with cross section;

Figure 13 is the vertical view that forms a plurality of concrete flat slabs on road surface;

Figure 14 is the vertical cross-section detail view of the prior art pin of adjacent concrete flat board and insertion;

Figure 15 is the cross-section detail view of drawing along Figure 14 cathetus XV-XV;

Figure 16 is that detailed view is amplified in the level cross-sectionn of a plurality of concrete flat slabs, wherein inserts out-of-alignment prior art pin;

Figure 17 is that detailed view is amplified in the level cross-sectionn of a plurality of concrete flat slabs, wherein inserts the prior art pin;

Figure 18 is the vertical cross-section detail view of the prior art pin of adjacent concrete flat board and insertion, and one of them FPD goes out to lose efficacy;

Figure 19 is the cross-section detail view of drawing along Figure 18 cathetus XVIV-XVIV;

Figure 20 is the vertical view according to another embodiment of the device of principle of the invention formation;

Figure 21 is the cross-section detail view of drawing along Figure 20 cathetus XXI-XXI;

Figure 22 is the environmental perspective view that partly shows with cross section, and it shows according to another embodiment of the device that is used to transmit load between the concrete flat slab of principle of the invention formation and for holding the concrete flat slab that this device prepares;

Figure 23 is the cross-section detail view that is used to transmit another embodiment of the device of load between the concrete flat slab, and this device constitutes according to principle of the present invention and is contained in the concrete flat slab;

Figure 24 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the concrete method of moulding, and this method constitutes according to principle of the present invention;

Figure 25 is the schematic diagram of a kind of embodiment of method, and this method is used to install the load transfer device that constitutes according to the principle of the invention;

Figure 26 is the right side perspective view of going forward that is used for the moulding concrete and transmits another embodiment of the device of load between the concrete flat slab, and this device constitutes according to principle of the present invention;

Figure 27 is the right side perspective view of going forward that is used for the moulding concrete and transmits another embodiment of the device of load between the concrete flat slab, and this device constitutes according to principle of the present invention;

Figure 28 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the concrete method of moulding, and this method constitutes according to principle of the present invention;

Figure 29 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of the concrete method of moulding, and this method constitutes according to principle of the present invention;

Figure 30 is the right side perspective view of going forward that is used for the moulding concrete and transmits another embodiment of the device of load between the concrete flat slab, and this method constitutes according to principle of the present invention;

Figure 31 is the enlarged side view of the template in embodiment illustrated in fig. 30;

Figure 32 is the right side perspective view of going forward that is used for the moulding concrete and transmits another embodiment of the device of load between the concrete flat slab, and this method constitutes according to principle of the present invention;

Figure 33 and Figure 34 be respectively another embodiment of device of being used for the moulding concrete and transmitting load between the concrete flat slab before correct assembling and part cross-sectional plan view afterwards, this device constitutes according to principle of the present invention;

Figure 35 is Figure 33 of wrong assembling and the vertical view of embodiment shown in Figure 34; With

Figure 36 to Figure 67 is the overlooking continuously and side view of other embodiment that is used to transmit the device of load between the concrete flat slab, and this device constitutes according to principle of the present invention.

The specific embodiment

The present invention includes the apparatus and method that are used for the moulding concrete and transmit load between the concrete flat slab, the load plate that wherein said device provides part to apply, described load plate pack into have predetermined accurately height, firm, endless and in advance in the trough of belt template of chamfering.

With reference to figure 1, the embodiment that is used for the concrete device of moulding that constitutes according to the principle of the invention comprises template 100.Template 100 has side 105, end face 110, the back side 115 and bottom surface 120.The width 125 that the side 105 and the back side 115 form in 0.875 to 2.500 inch scope.Depend on the thickness that the road surface is required, end face 110 and bottom surface 120 forms the height 130 in 3 to 18 inches or the bigger scope.

Template 100 has chamfering 135 between the end face 110 and the back side 115.Chamfering 135 is formed on 10 ° to 89 ° with respect to end face 110, preferably the angle 140 in 22.5 ° to 45 ° scopes.The end face width 143 that side 105 and chamfering 135 form in 0.125 to 0.875 inch scope.Chamfering 135 provides the gap and whole of concrete can be carried out quickly for pin and other whole instrument.

Width 125, height 130, angle 140 and end face width 143 change as required, so that the expectation global stiffness of template 100 is provided.Formwork rigidity has hinted that the huge weight that overcomes cast concrete 155 remains on the required pile quantity in appropriate location with template 100.Firm more the pile that just need be few more of template 100, therefore placing template 100 just needs workload still less.

The more important thing is that formwork rigidity influences the accuracy at the edge 145 that is formed by side 105 and end face 110, this edge forms the corresponding edge in the concrete 155 when concrete curing.Good accuracy is very important for the overall appearance on the road surface that is formed by a plurality of flat boards with neighboring edge.For example, if the edge of a flat board has relatively poor accuracy and adjacent with another plate edge with relatively poor accuracy, the gap that forms between inaccurate edge will present ugly inconsistency so, perhaps a part of gap may be too narrow, and a part subsequently may be too wide.This gap inconsistency allows the people feel that the overall image in this zone is unprofessional easily and influences related service.

Preferably, template 100 is made of directional structure board (OSB).The OSB blank can be manufactured and almost have virtually any size, can machined blank as described below to form the almost template 100 of any length.Because the present invention is intended to build large-scale road surface, so the bigger template 100 of length is well suited for, this be because need still less form continuous side 105 and edge 145 in abutting connection with template 100, and dull and stereotyped side.This has reduced restriction and/or has handled the required workload of discontinuity that dull and stereotyped side may occur.The OSB blank is still preferred because can be machined to the height 130 with expectation.This has eliminated the phenomenon that concrete leaks between the bottom surface of the prior art template of insufficient height and the supporting surface below the concrete.

Template 100 can also by dimension lumber, particle board, metal, plastics, cardboard, fiberboard, polyurethane foam,

Or other rigidity synthetic material or other suitable material suitable with described effect herein constitute.

Separating veneer (release overlay) 160 is arranged on the side 105.Separate veneer 160 by paper phenol, brown paper, acrylate, latex, melamine resin,

Paillon foil, oil, high density veneer, metal, wood plywood or the suitable material that satisfies following requirement constitute: the smooth hole-closing surface that does not have aperture basically is provided, can not adheres to or damage concrete flat surface when being used to keep cast concrete to separate when solidifying and with template 100.Above-mentioned material can make up to form and separate veneer 160, for example uses the wood plywood of oil processing usually.

With reference to figure 2, another embodiment that is used for the concrete device of moulding that constitutes according to the principle of the invention comprises template 200 and one or more load transfer device or load transfer plate 300 that is contained in template 200.Template 200 constitutes similarly with template 100, and has the groove 260 that is used to hold plate 300.Groove 260 has about 2 feet or be suitable for the spacing 261 of other size of purposes described herein.

With reference to figure 3, preferably, each groove 260 adopts the rotating saw blade (not shown) to form by the cut-in type cutting.Groove 260 is formed by ring surface 263, and each ring surface has and the corresponding curvature of the radius of cut-in type cast-cutting saw slice.Ring surface 263 forms relative nearly junction 265 with side 205 (suitable with the side 105 of template 100).Ring surface 263 forms relative junction far away 270 with the back side 215 (suitable with the back side 115 of template 100).

With reference to figure 4, preferably, each plate 300 is by steel or be suitable for transmitting in the road surface that any material of load (metal or nonmetal) constitutes between the adjacent concrete flat board.In order to reduce production costs, plate 300 can be sheared and form.Plate 300 have 0.1875 to 0.375 inch in the scope preferred thickness and about 4.5 inches lateral dimension 303, perhaps be suitable for other size of purposes described herein.Preferably, the length 305 of plate 300 is more than or equal to width 310.Therefore, in vertical view, plate 300 has rhombus or foursquare shape.

Plate 300 has first 315 and the second portion of being divided by plane 321 320, and plane 321 is formed by the junction of

side

322 and 323, and aims at side 205.First 315 can be untreated.Second portion 320 has elastomer coating 325, this coating constitutes and is attached on the plate 300, for example only be enough to avoid that elastomer coating 325 separates with plate in transportation, but when placement, can be attached on the concrete and be not attached on the plate 300.Elastomer coating 325 is made of polymer, grease or other material of being suitable for purposes described herein.

In the reality, when first concrete flat slab is attached to elastomer coating 325 on the second portion 320 and second concrete flat slab when being attached to first 315, because laterally moving and can not cause local stress between the flat board that contraction etc. cause, this is because first flat board and second flat board are not fixed on the plate 300, on the contrary, because a flat board is attached on the elastomer coating 325, therefore allow this flat board to move with respect to plate 300.Though elastomer coating 325 initially is attached on the plate 300 when making plate 300, in case after installing, curing concrete will apply power on elastomer coating 325, this is made every effort to promote makes elastomer coating 325 slide with respect to plate 300.

The optional embodiment of elastomer coating 325: (1) is attached on the plate 300, but is not attached on the concrete, allows concrete to slide with respect to coating thus; Perhaps (2) are not attached on plate 300 or the concrete, allow concrete to slide with respect to plate 300 and/or coating thus.

Refer again to Fig. 2, first 315 is contained in the groove 260.Preferably, groove 260 has 0.03125 inch tolerance between its horizontal surface and first 315.So little accommodating helps closely hold first 315 in groove 260.This guarantees plate 300 is remained on the attitude of expectation.Elastomer coating 325 has the thickness that exceeds this tolerance probably, so avoids groove 260 to hold second portion 320.

With reference to figure 3 and Fig. 4, plate 300 is constructed such that side, wide limits

place

322 and 323 the junction and nearly junction 265 pairings of template 200 of plate 300.This is configured with the seamless link that helps to realize between plate 300 and the template 200, and this stops concrete from this seepage.This guarantees a concrete contact resilient body coating 325 and does not contact plate 300.

In addition, structure plate 300 is also selected to be used for the radius that cut-in type cuts the saw (not shown) of groove 260, makes that the junction far away 270 in the template 200 is supported first 315 securely.When concrete cast is on template 200 and plate 300 not the pipe concrete power that imposes on plate 300 have much, rotation or motion that this structure can both avoid plate 300 not expect with respect to template 200.

With reference to figure 7, another embodiment of the device that is used to transmit load between the concrete flat slab that constitutes according to the principle of the invention is a plate 700, and this plate has first 715 and the second portion of being divided by plane 721 720.First 715 can be untreated.Second portion 720 has and elastomer coating 325 similar elastomer coatings 725.

In the reality, during first 715 was contained in groove 860 in the template 800 along the direction of aiming at side 730, extended along first 715 and second portion 720 side 730.Coating 725 has about 0.03 inch preferred thickness, perhaps is enough to avoid the thickness of second portion 720 by groove 860.Coating 725 can be for compressible, so that allow the dull and stereotyped (not shown) of curing attached to it to carry out moving on a small quantity with respect to second portion 720 along the joint between the adjacent panels (not shown).

With reference to figure 8, another embodiment of the device that is used to transmit load between the concrete flat slab that constitutes according to the principle of the invention is the plate 900 with hexagonal shape.Plate 900 has the base portion 930 of elongation, and each base portion has adjacent side 935.Preferably, each base portion 930 and side 935 form and are approximately 100 ° angle 940.Angle 940 can exceed 100 ° of any amount, makes near the maximization of dissipating of the material of the joint between the concrete flat slab and/or stress.

The same with the foregoing description, plate 900 has first 915 and the second portion of being divided by plane 921 920.First 915 can be untreated.Second portion 920 has and elastomer coating 325 similar elastomer coatings 925.

In the reality, when first concrete flat slab is attached to elastomer coating 925 on the second portion 920 and second concrete flat slab when being attached to first 915, laterally moving between the flat board can not cause local stress, this is because first flat board and second flat board are not fixed on the plate 900, on the contrary, because a flat board is attached on the elastomer coating 925, therefore allow this flat board to move with respect to plate 900.

With reference to figure 9, show among the figure that plate 900 is contained in the vertical plane of concrete flat slab.Compare with rhombus plate D shown in dotted lines in Figure 9, the joint of the hexagonal geometries of plate 900 between concrete flat slab provides more backing materials 945.This is to have more 18% cause nearly because of the backing material that the angle that is preferably 100 ° between base portion 930 and the side 935 provides than the backing material that rhombus plate D is provided.

Hexagon plate 900 makes and can faster and more effectively dissipate at joint stress.This is because present more periphery in the high stress concentrations zone of hexagon plate in cement board.This makes can reduce the material thickness that needs in the load plate, saves material cost and wear and tear in machines like this.For example, place 900 needs of plate between 4 inches flat boards with 3000 pounds of/square inch compression to have 3/16 inch thickness, and the rhombus plate must have at least 1/4 inch thickness.In addition, the thickness of slab of reduction promotes plate surrender before concrete lost efficacy.Such advantage is: under heavy load, plate 900 can be surrendered and can not cause the plate 900 of adjacent concrete flat board to connect inefficacy.Therefore, still keep dull and stereotyped vertical relation, and the calamitous concrete inefficacy of the dull and stereotyped displacement of needs can not occur.

For the rhombus plate, another advantage of hexagon plate 900 is: concrete is consolidated for 900 times better at plate easily, and this is because plate 900 presents the mobile area of littler concrete.This has reduced the possibility that pit and space form below plate 900, the formation in this pit and space can cause joint fails or load transfer insufficient.

Another advantage of plate 900 is: plate 900 presents more stable or more difficult mobile surface in concrete placement.This guarantees that the load plate has correct position and orientation with respect to joint, so more likely gets one's wishes realized.

With reference to Figure 10 and Figure 11, the same with plate 300, plate 900 is designed to be contained in the groove 260 in the template 200.

With reference to Figure 12, plate 900 constitutes, and the junction of side 935 forms the wide limits with the plate 900 of nearly junction 265 pairings of template 200.This is configured with the seamless link that helps between plate 900 and the template 200, and this stops concrete from this seepage.This guarantees a concrete contact resilient body coating 925 and does not contact plate 900.

In addition, structure plate 900 is also selected to be used for the radius that cut-in type cuts the saw (not shown) of groove 260, makes that the junction far away 270 in the template 200 is supported first 915 securely.When concrete cast is on template 200 and plate 900, not the pipe concrete power that imposes on plate 900 have much, rotation or motion that this structure can both avoid plate 900 not expect with respect to template 200.The hexagonal shape of plate 900 makes plate 900 more stable and more difficultly move with respect to template 200 than rhombus plate in casting process.

With reference to Figure 20 and Figure 21, another embodiment that is used to transmit the device of load between the concrete flat slab is the plate 1000 with edge strip 1005.Though plate 1000 can have any geometry that is suitable for installing, preferably, plate 1000 constitutes similarly with plate 900, has first 1015 and the second portion 1020 divided by plane 1021.First 1015 can be untreated.

Preferably, edge strip 1005 be arranged on plate 1000 second portion 1020 vertical surperficial 1007 and/or vertically on the surface 1009.Preferably,

surface

1007 and 1009 not parallel with plane 1021, so joint when being provided with and between the concrete flat slab is not parallel.Though do not get rid of outside scope of the present invention, in the reality, need be along the edge strip 1005 of the surface arrangement parallel with joint.The concrete flat slab of adjacency will compress each other along the direction vertical with joint, but joint can not lose efficacy, can excess compression plate 1000, perhaps can not be compressed to joint fails.Therefore, use can almost have no benefit along the plate of the direction compression vertical with joint.

Yet the concrete flat slab of adjacency can relatively move along joint really.This applies big shearing force on the load plate between the flat board.In order to reduce this shearing force and to provide bigger level relevant dull and stereotyped mobility, edge strip 1005 is compressible and flexible.Edge strip 1005 can be made of any material of realizing these characteristics, but preferably is made of natural polymer and/or synthetic polymer.

Edge strip 1005 constitutes the shearing force that is suitable for reducing between the flat board, the big relevant dull and stereotyped mobility of level is provided or considers that panel size adjustment, concrete composition, expection are shunk and other is provided with other desired function of consideration.In the reality, have been found that edge strip 1005 best results with 0.025 to 0.25 inch thickness 1030.

Preferably, second portion 1020 has and elastomer coating 325 similar elastomer coatings 1025.Elastomer coating 1025 also covers edge strip 1005.Be coated with 325 similar with elastomer, though when making plate 1000 edge strip 1005 initially attached to plate 1000 on, but in case after installing, curing concrete applies power on elastomer coating 1025 and edge strip 1005, this makes every effort to promote the slip between one or more in elastomer-forming coating 1025, edge strip 1005 and the plate 1000.

Plate 1000 is very suitable for very big concrete flat slab and installs, and flat board needs the height of level free degree under this occasion.If there is not this additional mobility, flat board may " lock " and in its foundation to the one or more crackles parallel of producing Anywhere of dull and stereotyped center with joint.

The same with plate 300, plate 1000 is designed to be contained in the groove 260 in the template 200.

Another embodiment of the device that is used to transmit load between the concrete flat slab that constitutes according to the principle of the invention is a plate 1000, and this plate comprises the separate edge band (not shown) on the surface 1011 and/or 1013 that is arranged on first 1015.In case be installed in the concrete of curing, the edge strip (not shown) just can be as required slides with respect to plate 1000 and/or the concrete that solidifies.

With reference to Figure 22 and Figure 23, another embodiment of the device that is used to transmit load between the concrete flat slab that constitutes according to the principle of the invention is the pin 1100 with edge strip 1105, and as mentioned above, edge strip 1105 has or do not have elastomer coating 1115.Pin 1100 can be that 12 inches 5/16 to 2 inch square or circular blank 1110 constitutes by length.

Hold the load plate though pin 1100 constitutes the existing concrete flat board is improved to according to industrial standard, the invention is not restricted to square or circular blank.The present invention comprises also by the cut-in type cutting or otherwise makes the dull and stereotyped groove that is used for receiving ring epoxy resins and any plate described herein that produces of existing concrete that described plate has or do not have edge strip or elastomer coating.

With reference to figure 5, the embodiment that makes the method 400 of concrete formation device according to the principle of the invention being used to of constituting comprises: the step 405 that sheet material is provided; The step 410 of separating veneer is set on sheet material; Sheet material is cut into the step 415 of a plurality of templates; And the step 420 of each template in described a plurality of templates being cut chamfering.

Provide the step 405 of sheet material to comprise the material that is suitable for as concrete blinding, be preferably the OSB blank.Yet, material can for dimension lumber, particle board, steel and with other suitable suitable material of described effect herein.The OSB material is preferred, and this is because it almost can have any width, length or thickness, its can be processed into have be used to form the expectation road surface suitably, the template of accurate size.Ideally, the length of material should be the same long with the longest edge on expectation road surface.Yet Production Example is a problem as 2 miles long materials for current producer.

Comprise following veneer in that the step 410 of separating veneer is set on the sheet material: when separating when concrete curing and with template, this veneer is suitable for keeping the concrete poured into a mould thereon non-cohesive or damage its flat surface.

The step 415 that sheet material is cut into a plurality of templates is with the related part of step 405: should select material to be cut to make the template number maximization of processing, and the waste material that is not suitable for becoming template is minimized.The template number that is produced by sheet material depends on the road surface thickness of expectation, and this thickness is represented the template height of needs.Ideally, the sheet width that provides in step 405 should be the even-multiple of template height, increases certain cutting tolerance in addition.

Step 420 to each the template cutting chamfering in described a plurality of templates comprises that employing cuts into chamfering each template of beveler procedure of processing 415 generations of plate.Chamfering can have any angle that is suitable for purposes described herein, but is preferably placed in 22 ° to 45 ° the scope.Compare with material with existing technology, step 420 is saved huge workload.Generally, the concrete worker cuts chamfering to concrete blinding in the scene, and this spends the plenty of time.For the workman provides the template of chamfering in advance will remove this execute-in-place step and allows to finish quickly at hand laying work.

With reference to figure 6, the embodiment that is used for the concrete method 500 of moulding that constitutes according to the principle of the invention comprises: the step 505 that the plate with the plate coating that is arranged in the first is provided; The step 510 of the template with the groove that constitutes the second portion that is suitable for holding plate is provided; Second portion is inserted step 515 in the groove; Settle (location) to be used to accept the step 520 of concrete template; Certain amount of concrete is cast in step 525 in template and the first; Solidify the step 530 of described amount of concrete and formation curing concrete; And from curing concrete, take away template simultaneously plate stay step 535 in the curing concrete.

Provide the step 505 of plate to comprise: to prepare aforesaid plate 300 with the plate coating that is arranged in the first.In the first of plate elastomer coating is set, this elastomer coating constitutes and is attached on the concrete, and is not attached on the plate.

Provide the step 510 of template to comprise the side of adopting rotating blade cut-in type cutting board with the groove that constitutes the second portion that is suitable for holding plate, as mentioned above, wherein rotating blade has the predetermined radii of selecting according to the structure that is contained in the plate in the groove.

Compare with method with existing load plate erecting device, the step 515 that second portion is inserted in the groove shows huge cost savings.Method of the present invention is that the load plate is directly embedded in the concrete flat slab when solidifying, rather than plate will be installed and sealing sheath pipe is attached on the template, after flat board has cured, when breaking away from sealing sheath pipe, take template away then, the load plate is inserted in the sealing sheath pipe then.In case concrete curing is just taken template away, and the load plate has embedded in the concrete and has not needed and installed in addition.

Compare with the typical concrete placing in a lot of uses, the step 520 of settling (location) to be used to accept concrete template also shows progressive part.Because cutting board accurately before piling up template around the zone, road surface of expectation, so these templates have the accurate height from the bearing-surface to the road surface.Stop like this concrete by often being present in the not enough prior art template of size bearing-surface and the clearance leakage between the bottom surface.

The step 530 that certain amount of concrete is cast in the step 525 in template and the first and solidifies described amount of concrete and form curing concrete be a conventional procedures, so no longer describes.

As mentioned above, from curing concrete, take away template simultaneously the step 535 stayed in the curing concrete of plate show the technology that breaks away from current application far away.In case concrete curing just take template away, and the load plate embeds in the concrete.Other method need be separated template with the previous installation plate that is connected thereon, plate will be installed then be installed in the pit that is formed in the concrete.

With reference to Figure 22 to Figure 24, the embodiment that is used for the concrete another kind of method 1200 of moulding that constitutes according to the principle of the invention comprises: plate with first and second portion and the step 1205 that is arranged on the lip-deep edge strip of first are provided; Step 1210 with the template that constitutes the groove that is suitable for closely holding second portion is provided; Second portion is inserted step 1215 in the groove; Settle (location) to be used to accept the step 1220 of concrete template; Certain amount of concrete is cast in step 1225 in template and the first; Solidify the step 1230 of described amount of concrete and formation curing concrete; And the step 1235 of from curing concrete, taking template away.

The step 1205 that plate with first and second portion is provided and is arranged on the lip-deep edge strip of first comprises the aforesaid plate 1000 of preparation.As Figure 20 and shown in Figure 21, setting has or does not have the edge strip 1005 of elastomer coating 1025 on vertical surperficial 1007 and/or vertical surface 1009 of plate 1000.

Step

1210,1215,1220,1225,1230 and 1235 and top step 510,515,520,525,530 and 535 similar.

With reference to Figure 25, the embodiment of the method that is used for the installation load transfer device 1300 that constitutes according to the principle of the invention comprises: the step 1305 that forms groove at concrete flat slab; And the first of load transfer device inserted step 1310 in the groove.

The step 1305 that forms groove is usually included in second concrete flat slab and expects to form groove in the existing concrete flat board of adjacency.As Figure 22 and shown in Figure 23, pin 1100 expressions are improved to the industrial standard that holds the load plate with the existing concrete flat board.Therefore, in order to adapt to square or circular pin 1100, step 1305 will be included in boring or fraising in the concrete flat slab.Yet, method 1300 is not limited to pin 1100, though and can comprise any plate or pin described or the not still suitable following requirement of description herein, described requirement promptly, be suitable for the existing concrete flat board is improved to and hold the load plate, thereby keep vertically aiming at respect to the concrete flat slab that will be adjacent cast.Therefore, step 1305 can be included in the concrete with the cut-in type cutting or otherwise form the groove that holds plate.

Preferably, after step 1305, method 1300 comprises and adopts epoxy resin or be suitable for pin or plate are attached to the abundant filling groove of material on the concrete.

Step 1310 in the groove is inserted by the first of load transfer device preferably include pin or plate with edge strip as mentioned above and/or elastomer coating.The concrete worker must not make epoxy resin only be attached on edge strip and/or the elastomer coating not really carefully, and is not attached on the unprocessed portion of pin or plate.In case epoxy resin cure just can be poured into a mould the feasible unprocessed portion of sealing pin or plate of second concrete flat slab.Edge strip and/or elastomer coating allow dull and stereotyped along therebetween joint and vertically move horizontally with joint.

The embodiment that the concrete flat slab that makes existing and new cast that constitutes according to the principle of the invention is suitable for transmitting the method 1400 of load therebetween comprises: according to the step 1405 of method 1300 installation load transfer device in the existing concrete flat board; And the step 1410 of on the second portion of load transfer device, pouring into a mould second amount of concrete.

The step 1405 of installation load transfer device obtains explanation about method 1300 in the above in the existing concrete flat board.

Be adjacent to the concrete that solidifies and on the second portion of load transfer device the step 1410 of cast second amount of concrete comprise the end of being untreated of only sealing pin or plate.

With reference to Figure 26 and Figure 27, another embodiment of the device that is used for forming concrete and transferring loads between concrete slabs that constitutes according to the principle of the invention comprises: template 1500; One or more load transfer devices or plate 1600, it is used for transmitting the load between the concrete flat slab that closely is contained in template 1500; And the sheath pipe (sheath) 1700 of equal number, it is contained on each plate 1600.

Preferably, template 1500 and template 200 constitute similarly and have the groove 1560 suitable with groove 260 that holds plate 1600.

Plate 1600 constitutes similarly with plate 300.Yet, there is not elastomer coating 325, sheath pipe 1700 selectively can be installed on the plate 1600.Sheath pipe 1700 can constitute with like the sealing sheath tubing described in the patent of ' 760.

As selection, the constituent material of sheath pipe 1700 and/or structure allow: (1) concrete slides with respect to the sheath pipe; And/or (2) plate 1600 slides with respect to the sheath pipe.Sheath pipe 1700 should have enough globalities, thereby the permission concrete worker carries and sheath pipe 1700 is installed on plate 1600 or the template 1500, bears the superincumbent concrete of cast, and realizes above-mentioned functions.

As shown in figure 26, sheath pipe 1700 can comprise installs plate 1705, and this point is illustrated more completely about sealing sheath pipe described in the patent of ' 760 and installation plate.

With reference to Figure 28, the embodiment that is used for the concrete another kind of method 1800 of moulding that constitutes according to the principle of the invention comprises: provide to constitute the step 1805 that is suitable for transmitting the plate of load between the concrete flat slab; Step 1810 with the template that constitutes the groove that is suitable for closely holding plate first is provided; Settle (location) to be used to accept the step 1815 of concrete template; The step 1820 of inserting first in the groove and the second portion of plate being exposed; First amount of concrete is cast in step 1825 on template and the second portion; Solidify described first amount of concrete and form the step 1830 of first flat board; From first flat board, take template away and expose the step 1835 of first; And the step 1840 that the sheath pipe is set in first.

Provide constitute the step 1805 that is suitable for transmitting the plate of load between the concrete flat slab comprise the preparation aforesaid plate 1600.But plate 1600 can comprise and preferably not comprise aforesaid elastomer coating and/or edge strip.

Provide step 1810 to preferably include the side of adopting rotating blade cut-in type cutting board with the template that constitutes the groove that is suitable for closely holding plate first, as mentioned above, wherein rotating blade has the predetermined radii of selecting according to the structure that is contained in the plate in the groove.

It is suitable with top step 520 to settle (location) to be used to accept the step 1815 of concrete template.

The step 1820 of inserting first in the groove and the second portion of plate being exposed is with the suitable part of top step 515: compare with method with existing load plate erecting device, step 1820 shows huge cost savings.Though this embodiment uses sealing sheath pipe, in location as existing the application sealing sheath pipe being installed does not then have lost time or precision.In the reality, sealing sheath pipe is installed on the plate that correctly is positioned in the curing concrete flat board.

Step 1825 and step 1830 are conventional procedures, therefore no longer describe.

The step 1835 of from first flat board, taking template away and exposing first with above step 535 suitable.

Preferably, comprise that in the step 1840 that the sheath pipe is set in the first will seal the sheath pipe described in the patent of ' 760 is placed on the plate.Yet the sheath pipe can have any form that is suitable for desired function, specifically, allows concrete flat slab to move with respect to plate or avoid combining with plate.In this, the sheath pipe can only be to be grease coating known in the field or other debonding agent.The sheath pipe can also be made of elastomer coating, and this is to top described some is similar, but thereby it constitutes and has that enough globalities allow to be installed on the plate and can be not cracked.

With reference to Figure 29, the embodiment that is used for the concrete another kind of method 1900 of moulding that constitutes according to the principle of the invention comprises: provide to constitute the step 1905 that is suitable for transmitting the plate of load between the concrete flat slab; Step 1910 with the template that constitutes the groove that is suitable for closely holding plate first is provided; Settle (location) to be used to accept the step 1915 of concrete template; The step 1920 of inserting first in the groove and the second portion of plate being exposed; The step 1925 of sheath pipe is set on second portion; The step 1930 of cast first amount of concrete on template and sheath pipe; And solidify first amount of concrete and form the step 1935 of first flat board.

Step

1905,1910,1915 and 1920 and

top step

1805,1810,1815 and 1820 suitable.

The step 1925 that the sheath pipe is set on second portion with above step 1840 suitable, unique difference is: plate is arranged in the concrete of curing in step 1840, and plate is arranged in template in step 1925.

On template and sheath pipe the cast first amount of concrete step 1930 with above step 1825 suitable, unique difference is: concrete directly contacts plate in step 1825, and concrete directly contacts the sheath pipe in step 1930.

Step 1935 is a conventional procedures, therefore no longer describes.

With reference to Figure 30 and Figure 31, another embodiment of the device that is used for forming concrete and transferring loads between concrete slabs that constitutes according to the principle of the invention comprises: template 2000; And one or more sheath pipes (sheath) 2100, it has or does not have installation plate 2105 as shown in figure 30, and it is used for preferably being installed in template 2000 with preset space length.In case the load transfer device that is used for transmitting load between the concrete flat slab of equal number or plate (not shown) constitute and are arranged on curing concrete and template 2000 and just separate with it and closely be contained in each sheath pipe 2100.

Sheath pipe 2100 is similar to sheath pipe 1700, plate 2105 optionally is installed and plate 1705 optionally is installed similar.If sheath pipe 2100 does not comprise plate 2105 is not installed, sheath pipe 2100 just forms near-end neighboring 2110 so.If sheath pipe 2100 comprises plate 2105 is installed, plate 2105 is installed is so just formed near-end neighboring 2115.

Different with template 200, template 2000 is not held the groove of plate 1600 with groove 260 suitable being used to.In the reality, template 2000 has groove 2060, if sheath pipe 2100 constitutes plate 2105 is installed optionally not, and this groove just constitutes and cooperates or closely hold the part of neighboring 2110.Have optional installation plate 2105 if sheath pipe 2100 constitutes, groove 2060 just constitutes and cooperates or closely hold the neighboring 2115 that plate 2105 is installed.

Groove 2060 is according to the anticipated load state that finally is installed in the load plate (not shown) in the adjacent concrete flat board and spaced apart.For arbitrary embodiment, template 2000 cooperates with sheath pipe 2100 (plate 2105 perhaps is installed), makes the outer surface that has only sheath pipe 2100 when concrete is poured into a mould on sheath pipe 2100 contact concrete.In case concrete has put in place and taken template 2000 away, sheath pipe 2100 just keeps being embedded in the concrete of curing, and inside is exposed and is used to accept the plate (not shown) simultaneously.Then, can be adjacent to the flat board that comprises sheath pipe 2100 of previous laying another amount of concrete is cast on the plate, the load transfer between the adjacent panels is provided thus.

The plate (not shown) and the plate 1600 that are designed for this embodiment constitute similarly, and followingly no longer describe.

With reference to Figure 32, another embodiment of the device that is used for forming concrete and transferring loads between concrete slabs that constitutes according to the principle of the invention comprises: template 2200; And one or more sheath pipes (sheath) 2300, it is used for preferably being installed in template 2200 with preset space length.The load transfer device that is used for transmitting load between the concrete flat slab of equal number or plate (not shown) constitute and are suitable for closely being contained in each sheath pipe 2300.

Template 2200 is with the difference of previously described embodiment: template 2200 is not provided for holding the groove of load plate.In the reality, as described below, template 2200 can allow sheath pipe 2300 be mounted thereon.Preferably, template 2200 has the prebored holes 2205 of many groups, and these prebored holes are used to hold sheath pipe 2300 is fixed on securing member on the template 2200, and these holes are spaced apart according to sheath pipe 2300 desired position.The same with groove 2060, the spacing of organizing hole 2205 corresponding to the anticipated load state that finally is installed in the load plate (not shown) in the adjacent concrete flat board more.

Sheath pipe 2300 has the plate 2305 of installation, plate is installed is used for the sheath pipe is fixed on template 2200, makes to be constructed such that the inside 2320 that holds load plate (not shown) is provided with towards template 2200, and the concrete of avoiding pouring into a mould enters.In this, preferably, plate 2305 is installed is had through hole 2310, these through holes hold the threaded fastener 2315 that is used for conjugate foramen 2205.Plate 2305 is installed is constituted integral type ledge or the pin (not shown) that is provided for conjugate foramen 2205.

Though template 2200 is described as having " indent " parts of used fixture and the sheath pipe is described as having " evagination " parts, also can reverse.Can use be easy to install, economic other suitable erecting device.

With reference to Figure 33, the embodiment that is used for the concrete another kind of method 2400 of moulding that constitutes according to the principle of the invention comprises: the step 2405 that template is provided, template constitutes a part that is suitable for the sheath pipe and is fixed thereon, and can make the inner orientation of sheath pipe be contact concrete when pouring into a mould thus; Settle (location) to be used to accept the step 2410 of concrete template; The sheath pipe is fixed on step 2415 on the template; First amount of concrete is cast in step 2420 on template and the outside; And solidify described first amount of concrete and form the step 2425 of first flat board.

With reference to Figure 30, provide and constitute the step 2405 that is suitable for the template that the part with the sheath pipe is fixed thereon and to comprise: the template with groove 2060 is provided, this groove is used for closely holding the neighboring of the perforate of sheath pipe or opening part or forms the installation plate of described neighboring, make the open end that is constructed such that the sheath pipe inside 2120 that holds load plate (not shown) be provided with towards template 2000, the concrete of avoiding pouring into a mould enters.Therefore, the concrete of cast will only contact and solidify or be attached to the outside of sheath pipe 2100, keep inner 2120 not contact any concrete that may hinder the expectation activity of plate in sheath pipe 2100.

With reference to Figure 32, provide the step 2405 that constitutes the template 2200 that the part with the sheath pipe is fixed thereon to comprise alternatively: the template with prebored hole is provided, and prebored hole is used to hold is fixed in securing member on the template with the sheath pipe.Can adopt be easy to use, economic other suitable stationary device.

The step 2410 of settling (location) to be used to accept concrete template is a conventional procedures.

Refer again to Figure 30,, the part of sheath pipe is fixed on step 2415 on the template comprises sheath pipe 2100 is inserted in the grooves 2060 if template 2000 has the groove 2060 that holds sheath pipe 2100.If sheath pipe 2100 has the plate 2105 of installation, step 2415 comprises to be inserted installation plate 2105 in the groove 2060.

Step 2420 and 2425 is a conventional procedures, therefore no longer describes.

With reference to Figure 33 and Figure 34, another embodiment that is used for the concrete device of moulding that constitutes according to the principle of the invention comprises template 2500.The same with template 100, template 2500 has side 2505, end face (not shown), the back side 2515 and bottom surface (not shown).Template 2500 has the chamfering (not shown) suitable with chamfering 135 between the end face (not shown) and the back side 2515.Side 2505 and chamfering (not shown) are determined the end face width (not shown) suitable with end face width 143.Preferably, on side 2505, be provided with separate veneer 160 suitable separate veneer 2560.

Template 2500 has closely holds for example groove 2510 of plate 2600 of plate.Groove 2510 constitutes and helps correct rigging 2500 and plate 2600, as shown in figure 34.The correct correct orientation that helps template 2500 that is assembled with makes the concrete cast separate on the veneer 2560 but not be cast on the back side 2515.Template 2500 helps to make after concrete fully solidifies template 2500 to break away from concrete like a cork with respect to the correct orientation in concrete cast zone, and helps cleaning or smooth joint surface.

Therefore, groove 2510 constitutes and can or promote to insert plate 2600 fully along direction 2520, and then can not insert fully when inserting in opposite direction when attempting.Therefore, the concrete worker can observe easily after insertion whether plate 2600 is contained in the groove 2510 fully and confirm that template 2500 is correct directed.In this, groove 2510 can constitute and have at least two segmentations: first segmentation 2523 and second segmentation 2525.First segmentation 2523 forms antelabium 2527 near the back side 2515 in the junction with the back side 2515.Second segmentation 2525 forms shoulder 2530 near side 2505 and greater than first segmentation 2523 in the junction with side 2505.

Figure 33 and Figure 34 also show another embodiment of the device that is used to transmit load between the concrete flat slab that constitutes according to the principle of the invention, and this embodiment comprises plate 2600.The same with plate 300, plate 2600 has first 2615 and the second portion of being divided by plane 2,621 2620.First 2615 can be untreated.Second portion 2620 can have the elastomer coating 2625 suitable with elastomer coating 325.Second portion 2620 can also have one or more surperficial 2640, and the edge strip 2645 suitable with edge strip 1005 can be set on described surface.

First 2615 constitutes and is suitable for closely being contained in the groove 2510 and helps to insert plate 2600 fully along direction 2520, and then can not insert fully when inserting in opposite direction when attempt.In this, first 2615 preferably has the counterpart with groove 2510 equal numbers.Therefore, first 2615 can have first section 2630 and second section 2635 that corresponds respectively to first segmentation 2523 and second segmentation 2525.

When correct insertion, first 2615 closely is inserted in groove 2510 and plate 2600 and looks and be contained in fully wherein, as shown in figure 34.If plate 2600 is inserted in the grooves 2510 along the opposite way round 2521 opposite with direction 2520, first section 2630 can be contained in first segmentation 2523 of groove 2510, but second section 2635 is not contained in second segmentation 2525, and plate 2600 looks and is not contained in fully wherein, as shown in figure 35.

As shown in figure 34, when plate 2600 correctly was contained in the template 2500, second section 2635 avoided plate 2600 by template 2500 near shoulder 2530.As shown in figure 35, when attempt was inserted plate 2600 mistakenly, second section 2635 avoided holding fully plate 2600 near antelabium 2527.

With reference to Figure 34, also be used to avoid coating 2625 and/or edge strip 2645 and plate 2600 unexpected dislocation by effectively stopping of providing of second section 2635 and shoulder 2530.Though coating 2625 and/or edge strip 2645 have the size of avoiding by groove 2510, if suffer fierce especially insertion, unstable combination may allow to separate between coating 2625 and/or edge strip 2645 and the plate 2600.This effectively stops even is avoided excessively inserting coating 2625 and/or edge strip 2645 are peeled off.

The first 2615 of segment trench 2510 and segmentation also helps to take template away like a cork from the concrete flat slab that solidifies.When concrete flat slab solidified, template 2500 and plate 2600 were positioned at position as shown in figure 34.In case solidify, just must take template 2500 away.If plate 2600 closely has been installed in the template 2500, just be not easy to take away plate 2600.Therefore, reduce between first 2615 and the groove 2510 contact or interference engagement will reduce take the required power of template 2500 away from flat board.In this, do not need first section 2630 of first 2615 is pulled out by whole template 2500, but only need first section 2630 is taken out from first segmentation 2523 of groove 2510, make thus and from the concrete flat slab of curing, take template 2500 away easilier.

In order to help even to take template more like a cork away, any or two can have curved or the circular surface (not shown) in second section 2635 and second segmentation 2525.If two all is circular surface in second section 2635 and second segmentation 2525, the two should be complementary so.Preferred radius is 18 inches.

Figure 36 to Figure 67 shows the optional embodiment of the device that is used to transmit load between the concrete flat slab that constitutes according to the principle of the invention.In every width of cloth figure, " A " represents plate basically, and " B " represents elastomer coating basically, and be as described herein, and it has or do not have edge strip.The same with the foregoing description, first concrete flat slab is designed to only be attached on coating and/or the edge strip, and second concrete flat slab is designed to only be attached on that part that does not have coating or edge strip in the plate.Therefore, the joint between first concrete flat slab and second concrete flat slab is corresponding to by coating and/or the edge strip B straight line that discontinuous place forms on A.

In this article, " quadrature (normal) " has its special implication: vertical with the tangent plane of surface or curved surface." quadrature (predominating normal) generally " or its similar vocabulary show non-homogeneous average orthogonal direction.

With reference to Figure 38,39,40,41,52,53,60,61 and 64 to 67, in certain embodiments, the coating layer portion of plate A has the surface of quadrature on the joint non-general when being provided with and between the concrete flat slab.When concrete curing, concrete deviates from these surfaces along orthogonal direction generally and shrinks.Space corresponding to the concrete shrinkage amount forms between concrete and device.When first dull and stereotyped and second flat board when joint moves horizontally, the mobile gap that provides of plate A is provided in the space, avoiding compression stress to increase to thus is enough to cause the quantity of local concrete inefficacy.According to standard triangle principle, to be concrete deviate from the part of the quantity of shrinking on the surface along orthogonal direction generally to the quantity that flat board can relatively move along joint.

With reference to Figure 36,37,46,47,50,51,54,55,58,59,62,63,64 and 65, some embodiment have coating and/or edge strip, and the thickness of described coating and/or edge strip or elasticity are according to coating and/or the set surface location of edge strip and difference.Except the space that forms between concrete and coating and/or the edge strip, the concrete flat slab that moves can also compress coating and/or edge strip, and compression stress can not increase to the quantity that is enough to cause local concrete inefficacy.Similar to the above, can adjust the distance that joint moves by the thickness or the elasticity of fine adjustment coating and/or edge strip.

Therefore another embodiment is by adjusting the surface and adjusting quadrature generally and the thickness or the elasticity of coating and/or edge strip are adjusted the distance that joint moves.

The invention is not restricted to described herein and shown in specific embodiment, only be subjected to the qualification of claim.

Claims

1, a kind of concrete device of moulding that is used for, comprise template, described template has and constitutes the groove that is suitable for closely holding plate, wherein, described groove is formed by one or more ring surfaces, and described ring surface has the vertical central axis of direction that holds described plate with described groove.

2, device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described template has the side and the back side, and nearly junction and junction far away are determined in described ring surface and described side and the back side, and nearly junction constitutes corresponding near portion and the distal part that is suitable for contacting plate with junction far away.

3, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described template has the back side, end face and places therebetween chamfering, and described chamfering limits 10 ° to the 89 ° angles with respect to described end face in the scope.

4, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises the separation veneer that is positioned on the described template.

5, device according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described separation veneer by paper phenol, brown paper, acrylate, latex, melamine resin,

Paillon foil, oil, high density veneer, metal, wood plywood or its constitute.

6, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described template by directional structure board, dimension lumber, particle board, metal, plastics, cardboard, fiberboard, polyurethane foam,

Or it constitutes.

7, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described template has the width in 0.125 to 3.000 inch scope.

8, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described template has the end face width in 0.125 to 0.875 inch scope.

9, a kind of manufacturing is used for the method for the concrete device of moulding, comprising:

The template sheet material is provided;

The separation veneer is set on sheet material;

Sheet material is cut into a plurality of templates with pre-solid plate height; And

In each template of described a plurality of templates, cut groove.

10, method according to claim 9 is characterized in that, described groove is formed by one or more ring surfaces, and described ring surface has the vertical central axis of direction that holds plate with described groove.

11, method according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, each template has the side and the back side in described a plurality of template, nearly junction and junction far away are determined in described ring surface and described side and the back side, and nearly junction constitutes corresponding near portion and the distal part that is suitable for contacting plate with junction far away.

12, method according to claim 9 is characterized in that, each template has the back side and end face in described a plurality of templates, and described method also is included in the chamfering of cutting between the back side and end face in each templates of described a plurality of templates.

13, a kind of device that is used to transmit load between first concrete flat slab that forms joint and second concrete flat slab comprises:

Plate, it has first and second portion; And

Elastomer coating, it is arranged in the described first, and wherein said elastomer coating to small part is attached in the described first;

In the time of in being arranged on joint:

First concrete flat slab only contacts described elastomer coating and second concrete flat slab only is attached on the described second portion; And

First concrete flat slab can move with respect to described plate.

14, device according to claim 13 is characterized in that, the thickness of described elastomer coating perhaps is enough to avoid described first by described groove in 0.001 to 0.125 inch scope.

15, device according to claim 13 is characterized in that, described elastomer coating slides with respect to described plate, and described elastomer coating slides with respect to first concrete flat slab, the combination of perhaps above-mentioned two kinds of situations.

16, device according to claim 13 is characterized in that, in the time of in being arranged on joint, described plate forms rhombus, rectangle or hexagon, and described rhombus, rectangle or hexagonal relative bight are aimed at joint in the time of in being arranged at joint.

17, device according to claim 13 is characterized in that, in the time of in being arranged on joint, described plate forms rhombus, rectangle or hexagon in the plane vertical with joint, and described rhombus, rectangle or hexagonal limit are aimed at also vertical with joint.

18, device according to claim 13 is characterized in that, the thickness of described plate makes described plate surrender when load capacity will cause first concrete flat slab or second concrete flat slab to lose efficacy.

19, device according to claim 13 is characterized in that, also comprises constituting the groove that is suitable for closely holding described second portion.

20, device according to claim 19 is characterized in that, described template by directional structure board, dimension lumber, particle board, metal, plastics, cardboard, fiberboard, polyurethane foam,

Or it constitutes.

21, device according to claim 19 is characterized in that, described template has the back side, end face and places therebetween chamfering, and described chamfering limits 10 ° to the 89 ° angles with respect to described end face in the scope.

22, device according to claim 19 is characterized in that, described template has the width in 0.125 to 3.000 inch scope.

23, device according to claim 19 is characterized in that, described template has the end face width in 0.125 to 0.875 inch scope.

24, device according to claim 19 is characterized in that, described groove is determined one or more ring surfaces, and described ring surface has the vertical central axis of direction that holds described second portion with described groove.

25, device according to claim 24, it is characterized in that, described template has the side and the back side, and nearly junction and junction far away are determined in described ring surface and described side and the back side, and nearly junction constitutes corresponding near portion and the distal part that is suitable for contacting described plate with junction far away.

26, device according to claim 19 is characterized in that, also comprises the separation veneer that is positioned on the described template.

27, device according to claim 26 is characterized in that, described separation veneer by paper phenol, brown paper, acrylate, latex, melamine resin, Paillon foil, oil, high density veneer, metal, wood plywood or its constitute.

28, a kind of concrete method of moulding that is used for comprises:

The first with coating and the plate of second portion are provided;

Provide and have the template that constitutes the groove that is suitable for closely holding second portion;

Second portion is inserted in the groove;

Arrangement is used to accept concrete template;

First amount of concrete is cast in template and the first;

Solidify described first amount of concrete and form curing concrete; And

From curing concrete, take template away;

Wherein, described plate is stayed in the curing concrete.

29, method according to claim 28 is characterized in that, also comprises:

Second amount of concrete is cast on the second portion near curing concrete; And

Solidify described second amount of concrete and form second curing concrete.

30, method according to claim 28 is characterized in that, elastomer coating constitutes and is suitable for sliding, sliding or both combinations with respect to first concrete flat slab with respect to plate.

31, method according to claim 28 is characterized in that, first has setting edge strip thereon.

32, method according to claim 31 is characterized in that, edge strip constitutes and is suitable for sliding, sliding or both combinations with respect to elastomer coating with respect to plate.

33, method according to claim 31 is characterized in that, edge strip constitutes and is suitable for sliding, sliding or both combinations with respect to elastomer coating with respect to plate.

34, method according to claim 31 is characterized in that, second edge strip is arranged on the surface of described second portion.

35, a kind of device that is used to transmit load between first concrete flat slab that forms joint and second concrete flat slab, wherein, described device comprises the hexagonal plate of formation, described plate has the base portion parallel with joint;

Wherein, described base portion has the side, and described side and base portion form the angle more than or equal to 100 °, and/or

Described plate constitutes near the material maximization that makes joint.

36, device according to claim 35 is characterized in that, the thickness of described plate makes described plate surrender when load capacity will cause first concrete flat slab or second concrete flat slab to lose efficacy.

37, a kind of device that is used to transmit load between first concrete flat slab that forms joint and second concrete flat slab, described device comprises plate, described plate have with the joint non-general on the surface of quadrature, described surface has following structure: promptly, when concrete curing, first concrete flat slab and described surface deviate from described device orthogonally and shrink certain distance, and when concrete curing, first concrete flat slab can move second distance with respect to described plate along joint thus.

According to the described device of claim 37, it is characterized in that 38, the structure on described surface makes second distance be enough to avoid the compression between first concrete flat slab and the described device to reach the quantity that is enough to cause the first concrete flat slab partial failure.

39, a kind of device that is used to transmit load between first concrete flat slab that forms joint and second concrete flat slab comprises:

Plate, it has the surface; And

Edge strip, it is arranged on the described surface and is compressible and/or flexible.

40, according to the described device of claim 39, it is characterized in that quadrature on described surface and the joint non-general.

41, according to the described device of claim 39, it is characterized in that, described edge strip along with the direction of described surperficial quadrature on compressible and/or flexible quantity according in described lip-deep position and different.

42, according to the described device of claim 39, it is characterized in that, described edge strip with the direction of described surperficial quadrature on thickness according in described lip-deep position and different.

According to the described device of claim 39, it is characterized in that 43, described edge strip is constituted by natural polymer, synthetic polymer or its.

44, according to the described device of claim 39, it is characterized in that, described edge strip according to predetermined tablet size, concrete composition, expection amount of contraction, other is provided with and considers or its combination constitutes.

According to the described device of claim 39, it is characterized in that 45, the thickness of described edge strip is 0.025 to 0.25 inch, perhaps be enough to avoid described device by being used for closely holding the groove of described plate in the template.

46, according to the described device of claim 39, it is characterized in that, described plate has first and second portion, described edge strip is arranged in the described first, described device also comprises the elastomer coating that is arranged on described first and the described edge strip, and wherein said elastomer coating at least initially is attached on the edge strip;

Thus, in the time of in being arranged on joint, first concrete flat slab only contacts described elastomer coating and second concrete flat slab only is attached on the described second portion; And

First concrete flat slab can move with respect to described plate.

According to the described device of claim 46, it is characterized in that 47, described elastomer coating constitutes and is suitable for sliding, sliding or both combinations with respect to first concrete flat slab with respect to described plate.

According to the described device of claim 46, it is characterized in that 48, described edge strip constitutes and is suitable for sliding, sliding or both combinations with respect to described elastomer coating with respect to described plate.

According to the described device of claim 39, it is characterized in that 49, described plate has first and second portion, described edge strip is arranged in the described first, and described device also comprises and is arranged on lip-deep second edge strip of described second portion.

According to the described device of claim 49, it is characterized in that 50, described second edge strip constitutes and is suitable for sliding, sliding or both combinations with respect to second concrete flat slab with respect to described plate.

According to the described device of claim 39, it is characterized in that 51, described edge strip constitutes provides a certain amount of elasticity, first concrete flat slab can move a certain distance with respect to described plate when concrete curing thus.

According to the described device of claim 51, it is characterized in that 52, described amount of elasticity makes described distance be enough to avoid the compression between first concrete flat slab and the described device to reach the quantity that is enough to cause the first concrete flat slab partial failure.

53, according to the described device of claim 51, it is characterized in that, quadrature on described surface and the joint non-general, and has following structure: promptly, when first concrete curing, first concrete flat slab and described surface deviate from described device orthogonally and shrink certain distance, and when first concrete curing, first concrete flat slab can move the 3rd distance with respect to described plate along joint thus; And

The described structure on described surface and the described amount of elasticity of described edge strip are coordinated mutually, make the summation of described distance and the 3rd distance be enough to avoid the compression between first concrete flat slab and the described device to reach the quantity that is enough to cause the first concrete flat slab partial failure.

54, a kind of concrete method of moulding that is used for comprises:

Plate with first and second portion is provided and is arranged on the lip-deep edge strip of described first;

Second portion is inserted in the groove;

Arrangement is used to accept concrete template;

First amount of concrete is cast in template and the first;

Solidify described first amount of concrete and form curing concrete; And

From curing concrete, take template away;

Wherein, described plate is stayed in the curing concrete.

55, a kind of in concrete flat slab the method for installation load transfer device, comprising:

In concrete flat slab, form depression; And

The first of load transfer device is placed described depression;

Wherein, first has edge strip and/or elastomer coating.

According to the described method of claim 55, it is characterized in that 56, described load transfer device comprises plate, square bar, circular rod or its combination.

According to the described method of claim 55, it is characterized in that 57, described formation depression comprises boring and/or cut-in type cutting groove.

According to the described method of claim 55, it is characterized in that 58, the first that also is included in load transfer device places described depression in depression epoxy resin to be set before.

59, a kind of available coagulation soil concrete flat slab dull and stereotyped and new cast that makes is suitable for transmitting the method for load therebetween, comprising:

Utilization is according to the first of the described method of claim 55 installation load transfer device in the existing concrete flat board; And

The certain amount of concrete of cast on the second portion of load transfer device.

60, a kind of concrete device of moulding that is used for comprises:

Plate, it constitutes the load that is suitable for transmitting between the concrete flat slab;

Template, it has groove, and described groove constitutes the first that is suitable for closely holding described plate before cast concrete; And

The sheath pipe, it constitutes the second portion that is suitable for holding described plate;

Wherein, described groove determines that by one or more ring surfaces described ring surface has the vertical central axis of direction that holds described plate with described groove.

According to the described device of claim 60, it is characterized in that 61, before cast concrete, described sheath pipe holds described plate.

62, according to the described device of claim 60, it is characterized in that, described template has the side and the back side, and nearly junction and junction far away are determined in described ring surface and described side and the back side, and nearly junction constitutes corresponding near portion and the distal part that is suitable for contacting described plate with junction far away.

63, a kind of concrete device of moulding that is used for comprises:

The sheath pipe, it has inside and is used to contact concrete outside, and described inside constitutes the first that is suitable for holding plate, and described plate constitutes the load that is suitable for transmitting between the concrete flat slab;

Template, it constitutes and is suitable for described sheath pipe is fixed thereon, and directed thus described outside makes cast concrete thereon only contact described template and described outside.

According to the described device of claim 63, it is characterized in that 64, described template has the groove that constitutes a part that is suitable for closely holding described sheath pipe.

65, according to the described device of claim 64, it is characterized in that,

Described sheath pipe also comprises the installation plate; And

Described groove constitutes and is suitable for closely holding described installation plate.

According to the described device of claim 63, it is characterized in that 66, described template constitutes and is suitable for preset space length a plurality of sheath pipes being fixed thereon.

According to the described device of claim 63, it is characterized in that 67, described template has prebored hole, described prebored hole is used to accept described sheath pipe is fixed in securing member on the described template.

68, according to the described device of claim 63, it is characterized in that, also comprise plate, described plate constitutes the load that is suitable for transmitting between the concrete flat slab and will be contained in the described inside.

69, a kind of concrete method of moulding that is used for comprises:

Provide and constitute the plate that is suitable for transmitting load between the concrete flat slab;

Provide and have the template that constitutes the groove that is suitable for closely holding plate first;

Arrangement is used to accept concrete template;

Insert first in the groove and the second portion of plate is exposed;

First amount of concrete is cast on template and the second portion;

Solidify described first amount of concrete and form first flat board;

From first flat board, take template away and expose first; And

The sheath pipe is set in first.

70, according to the described method of claim 69, it is characterized in that, also comprise:

Be adjacent to second amount of concrete is cast on the sheath pipe with first flat board; And

Solidify described second amount of concrete and form second flat board.

According to the described method of claim 69, it is characterized in that 71, described groove determines that by one or more ring surfaces described ring surface has the vertical central axis of direction that holds described plate with described groove.

72, a kind of concrete method of moulding that is used for comprises:

Wherein, described groove determines that by one or more ring surfaces described ring surface has the vertical central axis of direction that holds described plate with described groove;

Arrangement is used to accept concrete template;

Insert first in the groove and the second portion of plate is exposed;

The sheath pipe is set on second portion;

Cast first amount of concrete on template and sheath pipe; And

Solidify first amount of concrete and form first flat board.

73, according to the described method of claim 72, it is characterized in that, also comprise:

From first flat board, take template away and expose first;

Be adjacent to second amount of concrete is cast in the first with first flat board; And

Solidify described second amount of concrete and form second flat board.

74, a kind of concrete method of moulding that is used for comprises:

Template is provided, and wherein template constitutes and is suitable for the sheath pipe is fixed on the template, can make the exterior orientation of sheath pipe be contact concrete when pouring into a mould thus;

Arrangement is used to accept concrete template;

The sheath pipe is fixed on the template;

First amount of concrete is cast on template and the outside; And

Solidify described first amount of concrete and form first flat board.

According to the described method of claim 74, it is characterized in that 75, described template has the groove that is used for closely holding a part of sheath pipe, the sheath pipe is fixed on comprises on the template described a part of sheath pipe is inserted in the groove.

76, according to the described method of claim 74, it is characterized in that, described template has prebored hole, and described prebored hole is used to accept described a part of sheath pipe is fixed in securing member on the described template, the sheath pipe is fixed on comprise on the template described a part of sheath pipe is fixed on the template.

77, according to the described method of claim 74, it is characterized in that, also comprise:

From first flat board, take template away;

The first of plate is arranged in the sheath pipe, and described plate constitutes the load that is suitable for transmitting between the concrete flat slab;

Be adjacent to second amount of concrete is cast on the second portion of plate with first flat board; And

Solidify described second amount of concrete and form second flat board.

78, a kind of concrete device of moulding that is used for, described device comprises the template with groove, described groove constitutes and is suitable for only closely holding plate along a direction.

According to the described device of claim 78, it is characterized in that 79, described groove has first segmentation and greater than second segmentation of described first segmentation.

According to the described device of claim 79, it is characterized in that 80, at least one has the corresponding cooperation surface of direction that holds plate with described groove in described first segmentation and described second segmentation.

According to the described device of claim 79, it is characterized in that 81, shoulder is determined in described first segmentation and described second segmentation, described shoulder is used to contact the part of plate and avoids by described groove.

According to the described device of claim 79, it is characterized in that 82, described second segmentation is formed with the radius that helps easily take out plate.

According to the described device of claim 79, it is characterized in that 83, described template has holds concrete surface and described second segmentation places between described first segmentation and the described surface.

84, according to the described device of claim 78, it is characterized in that, also comprise the separation veneer that is positioned on the described template.

85,4 described devices according to Claim 8 is characterized in that, described separation veneer by paper phenol, brown paper, acrylate, latex, melamine resin,

Paillon foil, oil, high density veneer, metal, wood plywood or its constitute.

86, according to the described device of claim 78, it is characterized in that, described template by directional structure board, dimension lumber, particle board, metal, plastics, cardboard, fiberboard, polyurethane foam,

Or it constitutes.

87, according to the described device of claim 78, it is characterized in that, also comprise constituting the plate that is suitable for closely being contained in the described groove.

88, according to the described device of claim 79, it is characterized in that, also comprise and constitute the plate that is suitable for closely being contained in the described groove, described plate has first and second portion, and described second portion has and constitutes first section that is suitable for being contained in described first segmentation and constitute second section that is suitable for being contained in described second segmentation.

89,8 described devices according to Claim 8 is characterized in that, described second section is formed with the radius that helps easily take out described plate from described template.

90,8 described devices according to Claim 8 is characterized in that described second segmentation is formed with the radius that helps easily take out plate.

91,9 described devices according to Claim 8 is characterized in that, described second segmentation forms second radius with described radius complementation.

92, a kind of device that is used to transmit load between first concrete flat slab that forms joint and second concrete flat slab, described device comprises the plate with first and second portion, and wherein said second portion has first section and greater than second section of described first section.