CN101266816B - 用于在保持用户信息的信息载体上隐藏访问信息的方法 - Google Patents

用于在保持用户信息的信息载体上隐藏访问信息的方法 Download PDF

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CN101266816B
CN101266816B CN2008100805397A CN200810080539A CN101266816B CN 101266816 B CN101266816 B CN 101266816B CN 2008100805397 A CN2008100805397 A CN 2008100805397A CN 200810080539 A CN200810080539 A CN 200810080539A CN 101266816 B CN101266816 B CN 101266816B
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information
information carrier
visit
carrier
stored
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CN101266816A (zh
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A·斯特克
M·W·布鲁姆
B·范罗姆帕伊
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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  • Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种包括访问信息和虚假信息的信息载体。所述访问信息被存储在信息载体上的预定第一区域中，用于访问用户信息。所述信息载体进一步包括至少一个不同于所述第一区的其他区，所述其他区包括虚假信息。本发明是基于下列认识做出的：读出信号的噪音等级在隐藏访问信息的(多个)区域中略微增加。为了避免有和没有访问信息的区域之间的这种噪音等级差，该访问信息只被分配给信息载体的特定区域，但虚假信息也被写入到其它区域中。由此，实现了防止非法读出信息载体上呈现或将被呈现的用户信息的改进复制保护***。

Description

用于在保持用户信息的信息载体上隐藏访问信息的方法
本申请系申请人皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司于2004年2月9日提出的国际申请，国家申请号为200480004605.2的名为“包括访问信息和虚假信息的信息载体”的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在保持用户信息的信息载体上隐藏访问信息的方法。
背景技术
在用于保存用户信息的信息载体上隐藏访问信息的技术是基于分散人们(黑客)对你想要隐藏的访问信息的注意力。使用该访问信息，可访问信息载体上的用户信息。为了复制保护的目的，有时期望隐藏该访问信息；可将该访问信息例如隐藏在你想要保护的用户信息中或者可将该访问信息隐藏在信息载体上出现的旁通道(side channel)中。从光学信息载体，例如CD或DVD，例如已知该访问信息可被写入到所谓的“摆动通道”(有时也称作“径向误差通道”)中。
发明内容
本发明的目的是实现包括访问信息的信息载体，对于该信息载体来说进一步防止了对用户信息的非法复制。
根据本发明，该目的是通过所述信息载体实现的，所述信息载体的特征在于所述信息载体进一步包括至少一个不同于所述第一区的其他区，所述其他区包括存储在信息载体上的虚假信息。
本发明是基于下列认识做出的：读出信号的噪音等级在隐藏访问信息的(多个)区域中略微增加。存心不良的人能够观察到该噪音等级并确定存在访问信息的区域。使用该区域的位置能够用于进一步试图非法获得访问信息。为了避免有和没有访问信息的区域之间的这种噪音等级差，该访问信息只被分配给信息载体的特定区域，但虚假信息也被写入到其它区域中。该信息被称作虚假信息，因为它不包括关于访问信息的信息。通过观察来自信息载体的信号，访问或虚假信息之间的差可能不会被注意到，因为只有预先知道访问信息的确切位置才能够获得该访问信息。由此，实现了防止非法读出信息载体上呈现或将被呈现的用户信息的改进复制保护***。
在根据本发明的信息载体的实施例中，其中所述访问信息是根据预定格式存储在信息载体上，所述信息载体的特征在于根据相同或者类似的格式将所述虚假信息存储在信息载体上。用术语“格式”表示将信息，在该情况下为将访问信息和用户信息存储在信息上的方式。必须根据某一格式对每个信息进行转换以便使其适于记录在信息载体上。按照与访问信息所使用的相同或相似的格式将虚假信息存储在信息载体上，因为对于虚假信息的读出信号的噪音等级的变化在那样的情况下将类似于访问信息的读出信号的噪音等级的变化。其具有这样的优点：确定访问信息的确切位置变得更加困难。
在根据本发明的信息载体的另一个实施例中，所述信息载体的特征在于所述预定第一区域是在初始访问信息载体时由用于播放和/或记录信息载体的装置访问的区域。对于访问信息的完整性重要的是知道访问信息在信息载体上的位置的人的数量必须保持的尽可能有限。然而，预先知道访问信息的确切位置是获得访问信息所必需的。为了防止将这种关于位置检测的信息泄露给生产在播放根据本发明的信息载体的装置中所使用的IC的半导体公司，可通过具有良好定义接口的VERILOG码块的形式将访问信息的位置提供给他们，所述接口能被添加到他们自己的IC设计中并且用于处理对访问信息的检测。这样并不需要告知半导体公司访问信息的确切位置。有利的是不必告知驱动器设计公司设计驱动器使得它对于某一时间首先必须访问该确切位置，然后再次进行通常的过程，因为这可以揭示访问信息的位置。为了能够将访问信息的位置保持为秘密状态，所述包括访问信息的预定第一区域是在初始访问信息载体时由用于播放和/或记录信息载体的装置访问的区域。因此，通过小心的将访问信息写入到在初始访问信息载体时重放装置无论如何都必须访问的区域中，就能够读取访问信息而不用通知IC或驱动器制造商。其具有的进一步的优点在于在描述根据本发明的信息载体的标准规范中不必提及访问信息的位置。该位置信息仅以VERILOG码的形式保存。可用于这一目的的区域类型例如是：TOC(内容表)区、DI(盘信息)区、MKB(介质密钥块)区或存储其它访问或复制控制信息的另一个地方。
在根据本发明的信息载体的另一个实施例中，所述信息载体的特征在于所述信息载体包括用户信息，所述访问信息被隐埋在用户信息中。通过将访问信息隐埋在用户信息中，能够抑制对访问信息的篡改，因为修改(部分)访问信息都可能导致不小心除去或损坏用户信息。在现有技术中例如从Ken C.Pohlmann编著的《数字音频原理》(第四版，2000，678-680页)可获知若干种用于隐埋数据的技术。在这些技术中，抖动和噪声成型被应用给数据信号以能够用隐埋的数据替换若干个最低有效位。
在根据本发明的信息载体的另一个实施例中，所述信息载体的特征在于所述访问信息被存储在信息载体的旁通道中。通过将访问信息存储在旁通道中，进一步阻止检索该信息。可例如用于此目的的旁通道是：“摆动通道”，其中所述信息被存储在摆动轨迹中的坑/标记的径向位置的调制中，其例如用于CD-R和CD-RW盘；“摆动通道”，其中例如通过时基调制或凹坑位移将信息存储在摆动轨迹中的坑/标记的切向位置的调制中；通过调制凹坑形状产生的旁通道，其例如用于所谓的有限多级技术，如在国际专利申请WO00/57416A1(PHN 17.369)中所述；该凹坑形状能够以不同的方式进行调制，例如通过调制凹坑深度或凹坑宽度，但也可通过产生梨形凹坑或狗骨形凹坑；通过使用特殊位串产生的旁通道。原则上从导致可检测模拟信号的物理参数产生的各种偏移都可用于产生模拟旁通道。所述通道调制也可用于引入数字旁通道。
在另一个实施例中，所述信息载体还包括永久信息与控制数据(PIC)区，访问信息被存储在该PIC区中。在该PIC区中，存储有关于信息载体和各种其它信息的通常信息。能以所谓的预记录坑/脊(或标记/脊)的形式存储该所谓的PIC信息，但也能以预记录高频调制(HFM)凹槽的形式存储该信息，所述预记录高频调制凹槽用非常高的带宽信号在径向上进行调制。该PIC区被用在称作蓝光盘的新型光学信息载体中。在另一个实施例中，所述信息载体是只读光信息载体，类似例如DVD-ROM盘或蓝光ROM盘。可例如将访问信息存储在PIC区的预定区域中并将虚假信息存储在PIC区的其它区域中。
在另一个实施例中，所述预定第一区域的位置被隐藏在所述信息载体上。在包括摆动预凹槽的信息载体的情况下，该信息可例如被隐藏在摆动预凹槽的径向偏移中。
在另一个实施例中，所述信息载体还包括一特殊区域，其包括指示所述预定第一区的位置的位置位。所述位置位可例如以参数变化的形式存储在信息载体上，所述变化可通过积分检测法检测。例如，在信息载体包括PIC区的情况下，访问信息的位置基准被存储在信息载体上的PIC区中。在PIC区中，存在有具有地址单元数(AUN)的主数据通道。这些AUN用于指示PIC区中的地址信息的开始位置。为了防止非法获取访问信息，存在有将访问信息隐藏在该通道的噪音中的方法。例如扩频技术可用于该目的。在这些技术中，可通过以特殊方式对读出信号进行积分检测隐藏的访问信息。扩频技术可例如从Wilson编著的《数字调制与编码》(第247-256页)及其中的参考文献获知。积分检测可例如从Jan W.M.Bergmans编著的《数字基带传输和记录》(第122-129页)中获知。在扩频技术中，有意使用扩频调制将信号带宽变大。可例如使用采用了最大假设可能性接收器的积分检测法检测所述调制的信号。
本发明还涉及一种用于从根据本发明的信息载体读出信息的装置，所述装置包括用于从信息载体读出用户信息和访问信息的读取单元和用于根据访问信息对用户信息提供访问的访问控制装置。
附图的简略说明
本发明的这些和其它方面通过此后所述的实施例将是显而易见的，并将参照这样的实施例对其进行阐述。
其中：
图1表示根据本发明的信息载体的第一实施例；
图2表示根据本发明的信息载体的第二实施例，其中访问信息和虚假信息被存储在PIC区中；
图3表示根据本发明的信息载体的第三实施例，其中指出了访问信息在PIC区中的确切位置；
图4表示用于从信息载体读出访问信息的装置的实施例；
图5表示使用访问信息对用户信息进行访问的一个实施例。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了根据本发明的信息载体的第一实施例。信息载体1展示了轨迹图案，其包括以径向摆动提供的恒定宽度的螺旋凹槽2。这些教导尤其用在公知的标准化CD-R盘中。为了清楚的目的，螺旋间距和径向摆动被极大的夸大了。一般，连续环绕的螺旋路径的间距的幅度一般是1至2微米的数量级。在该图中，示出了这种其中将访问信息存储在摆动通道中的信息的两种可能实施例，作为框3的放大图。
在这些实施例中，关于物理参数的信息被存储在信息载体的导入区中。信息载体的导入区是信息载体上的位于包括用户信息的区域之前的区域。轨迹1.1表示其中访问信息被存储作为轨迹的宽度变化的凹槽。该变化具有由附图标记表示的某一长度。可使用在用于读出记录载体的标准设备，例如CD或DVD播放器中可获得的跟踪信号从记录载体读出信息。轨迹1.2表示其中访问信息是以从平均中心线5进行轨迹偏移的形式存储的轨迹。这种通常称作摆动的偏移轨迹被用在不同标准的光记录载体中，类似例如CD-R盘和DVD+RW盘。额外信息可在美国专利4972401(＝PHN9666)中找到。
在本实施例中，在导入区中不但定义有用于保存访问信息的预定区，还定义有用于保持虚假信息的其他区。该访问信息可例如用于解密存储在信息载体上的用户信息。
图2中示出了另一个实施例，其中访问信息和虚假信息被存储在信息载体的PIC区中。在本实施例中，信息载体包括所谓的永久信息与控制数据(PIC)区。在该PIC区中，存储有关于信息载体的通常信息和各种其它信息。这样，就产生了用于预记录信息的具有充足容量和数据率的数据通道。在本实施例中，PIC信息被存储在预记录的坑/脊(或标记/脊)中，但也可将这种信息存储在预记录的高频调制(HFM)凹槽中，所述凹槽在径向上用相当高的带宽信号进行调制。由于信息被存储在摆动通道中这样的事实，隐埋式通道被创建。在图2中，示出了包括PIC区的信息载体的布局。信息载体上最靠近载体中心的区域被称作内部区域(IA)6。该区域的下一个区域是夹紧区(CA)7，其由播放装置使用用于夹紧信息载体从而能够实现稳定的旋转。下一个区域是过渡区(TA)8。该区域之后是信息区域(IA)。该信息区域包括信息区(IZ)和突发切割区域(BCA)9。该突发切割区域用于在制造处理完成之后向信息载体添加信息。可通过高功率激光***或在可重写盘的情况下通过初始化程序写入BCA-码。信息区(IZ)包括导入区(LI)、数据区12和导出区(LO)13。所述导入区包括PIC区10和导入区11的剩余部分。
在本实施例中，访问信息被存储在PIC区的预定区域中；PIC区的其它区包括虚假信息。该虚假信息是以与访问信息相同的格式写入的。
为了能够读出访问信息，可通过某一方法获得访问信息在PIC区中的位置的基准。在本实施例中，该方法如下。PIC区包括具有地址单元数(AUN)的主数据通道。这些AUN用于指示访问信息在PIC区中的开始位置。这是可能的，因为摆动通道信号被锁定至数据信号(HF通道)中。地址为4字节(没有ECC字节)。因为PIC区仅仅位于信息载体的一小部分中，所以32位中只有有限数量的最低有效位(1sb)在PIC区中变化(通常只有开始的16个1sb)。这16位足以确定在PIC区中的位置。PIC区在某2000个轨迹上延伸；假设访问信息只出现在20个连续的轨迹中，则通过来自用户信息的AUN确定该访问信息的开始位置。例如，使用未加扰的调制将该AUN的开始16个最低有效位定位在整个PIC区上。由于此原因，当到达PIC区中的随机位置时，能够读出AUN的开始16位，以跳至访问信息的开始位置，并读出访问信息。这样，访问信息的确切位置被进一步隐藏在PIC区中。因为它只位于该盘区的某一位置中，而不是遍及整个盘区。
图3中示出了根据本发明的信息载体的另一个实施例，其中示出了访问信息在PIC区中的精确准确位置。在本实施例中，所述信息载体包括四个密钥帧14。在这些密钥帧中，呈现有从0到30编号的31个同步帧。在同步帧号3、7、11、15、19、23和27(由附图标记15指示)中，存储有8位数字，其表示访问信息的精确位置。在该情况下，访问信息以参数变化的形式存储在信息载体上，所述变化可通过积分检测检测到，可使用该8位数改变访问信息的精确位置。这8位数可例如用于指示应使用哪个启动种子和排列来检测构成访问信息的位。
图4表示用于从信息载体读出访问信息的装置的实施例。所述装置包括用于从记录载体1读出用户信息和访问信息的读取单元。该读取单元包括用于扫描轨迹并产生与记录载体上的物理标记相应的读取信号的读取头41，和用于将读取信号解译成位序列的解译单元42，例如CD***中的用于解码的EFM解码器。所述位序列被耦合至用于恢复信息和纠正可能的错误的纠错单元43，例如CD***中的CIRC校正器。所述恢复的信息被耦合给用于控制对信息的访问的访问控制装置47。所读出的访问信息对于在访问控制装置47的输出端48上进行进一步的处理是有用的。在读取期间，通过通常类型的伺服单元44将读取头41定位在轨迹上，同时由马达单元45旋转记录载体。通过控制器46来控制对信息的读取，所述控制器控制马达单元45、伺服单元44和纠错单元43，并被布置用于例如通过到访问控制装置47的接口接收读取命令。
将如下施行访问信息的读出过程。所述访问控制装置将读出包括访问信息的预定的第一区域，例如PIC区。使用该访问信息，其例如可以是用于解密加密的用户信息的解密密钥，则能够对用户信息进行访问。在信息载体并不包括访问信息或者所述装置不能读出访问信息的情况下，信息载体将被拒绝且对用户信息的访问将被禁止。
图5表示使用访问信息对用户信息进行访问的一个实施例。其中示出了例如使用图4中所示的装置从信息载体1读出用户信息16。在检测模块18中检测访问信息17。所述检测模块知道访问信息的确切位置，或者检测模块能够检测该位置，因为常见的情况是在信息载体上存在有指示访问信息的位置的位置位。可例如使用积分检测来检测这些位置位。在模块19中使用该检测的访问信息来计算解密密钥。作为该计算的一个额外输入，使用了随机数20。该数字可以是隐藏在信息载体上的数字，但也可以是通过装置的用户输入的。在解密模块21中使用该计算的密钥来解密用户信息。在解密用户信息之后，该信息被进一步处理或输出。该过程可在检测到正确的访问信息的情况下进行。可将模块18、19和21提供给VERILOG码格式的IC制造商。由此，就不必披露关于访问信息检测或密钥计算的信息，因为该过程发生在VERILOG块22的内部。
虽然已经参照上述实施例阐述了本发明，但很显然可以替换的使用其它实施例来实现相同的目的。因此本发明的范围不限于上述实施例，而是也可以应用于所有种类的信息载体，只读、一次写入或可重写类型的载体。另外本发明的范围不局限于某些种类的访问信息。其是或者能被用作访问信息的所有信息，即用于对存储或将被存储在根据本发明的信息载体上的用户信息的信息都落在本发明的范围内。进一步本发明的范围不局限于某些隐埋式通道技术或某些(隐藏)旁通道。可用于存储信息的所有技术和通道都落在本发明的范围内。
另外必须注意的是本说明书包括权利要求中使用的术语“包括”被用于说明所述的特征、整数、步骤或部件的出现情况，但并不排除存在有或添加一个或多个其它特征、整数、步骤、部件或其组合。还必须注意的是在权利要求中的元件之前出现的“一”或“一个”并不排除存在有多个这样的元件。此外，任何附图标记并不限制权利要求的范围；本发明可借助于硬件和软件来施行，若干个“装置”可由相同项的硬件来表示。此外，本发明在于每个和各个新颖的特征或特征的结合。
可将本发明总结如下：本发明涉及一种用于保持用户信息的信息载体，所述信息载体包括用于访问用户信息的访问信息，所述访问信息被存储在信息载体上的预定第一区域中。所述信息载体进一步包括至少一个不同于所述第一区的其他区，该其他区包括虚假信息。本发明是基于下列认识做出的：读出信号的噪音等级在隐藏访问信息的(多个)区域中略微增加。为了避免有和没有访问信息的区域之间的这种噪音等级差，该访问信息只被分配给信息载体的特定区域，但虚假信息也被写入到其它区域中。由此，实现了防止非法读出信息载体上呈现或将被呈现的用户信息的改进复制保护***。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于在保持用户信息的信息载体上隐藏访问信息的方法，所述访问信息用于访问用户信息，在该方法中，所述访问信息被存储在信息载体上的预定第一区域中，虚假信息被存储于至少一个不同于所述预定第一区域的其他区域，该虚假信息表示不包括访问信息的信息，
其特征在于，所述访问信息以物理参数变化的形式存储在信息载体上，所述变化可通过积分检测法检测，
其中所述访问信息是根据预定格式存储在信息载体上的，以及根据相同或者类似的格式将所述虚假信息存储在信息载体上。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述预定第一区域是在初始访问信息载体时由用于播放和/或记录信息载体的装置访问的区域。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于所述预定第一区域是内容表区、盘信息区或介质密钥块区。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述信息载体包括用户信息，所述访问信息被隐埋在用户信息中。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述访问信息被存储在信息载体的旁通道中。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于所述侧通道是物理侧通道。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于所述物理侧通道是摆动预凹槽。
8.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于所述信息载体还包括永久信息与控制数据区，访问信息被存储在该永久信息与控制数据区中。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于所述访问信息以预记录的坑-脊或预记录的高频调制凹槽的形式存储在永久信息与控制数据区中。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的方法，其特征在于所述访问信息被存储在永久信息与控制数据区的预定区域中，所述虚假信息被存储在永久信息与控制数据区的其它区域中。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述信息载体包括用户信息，光信息载体是只读光信息载体。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于所述只读光信息载体是DVD-ROM盘或蓝光ROM盘。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述预定第一区域的位置被隐藏在所述信息载体上。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于所述信息载体进一步包括摆动预凹槽，所述预定第一区域的位置被隐藏在所述摆动预凹槽的径向偏移中。
15.如权利要求13或14所述的方法，其特征在于所述信息载体还包括一特殊区域，其包括指示所述预定第一区域的位置的位置位。
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