CN101160518B - 探测和报告气密包装中泄漏大小的仪器和方法 - Google Patents
探测和报告气密包装中泄漏大小的仪器和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种用于探测气密包装(100)中泄漏的仪器(10)。该仪器(10)包括空心针(20);质量流量传感器(50),其与由空心针(20)限定的内腔(29)密封地流体连通;和真空泵(40)。真空泵(40)和由空心针(20)限定的内腔(29)流体连通以从气密包装(100)中抽出气体,并和质量流量传感器(50)流体连通,以引导来自被抽真空包装(100)的质量流与质量流量传感器(50)可操作地接触,以便允许对来自被抽真空包装的任何连续质量流进行测量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于探测气密包装中泄漏的仪器和技术。
背景技术
诸如加工的食品、坚果以及水果和蔬菜切片,这些易于变坏的产品经常放置在气密包装内,该包装充有惰性气体诸如氮气或氩气,以使包装内的氧浓度小于约3%,因此延长产品的保质期。这样的包装通常称为控制气氛包装(CAP)或改良气氛包装(MAP)。
包装中的泄漏会大大地缩短预计的保质期,导致不希望的变质。因此CAP/MAP的适当的质量控制工作典型地至少包含对包装的定期试验,以确定包装是否有任何泄漏。
人们已知各种探测气密包装中泄漏的仪器和方法。泄漏探测典型地涉及在包装内的压力(内压)和包装外的压力(外压)之间形成压差,诸如通过压缩包装或在包围包装的气氛中抽真空,然后探测一给定变量的任何变化,该变量可能与包装存在泄漏有关。具体的例子包括将包装浸没在液体中并探测包装内的任何液体(美国专利No.6763702,授权给Allen Chien等人),挤压包装并探测任何压力衰减(美国专利No.6427524,授权给Frank Raspante等人),挤压包装并探测任何容积衰减(美国专利No.5533385,授权给William Frievalt),以及将包装放置在真空内腔内并探测真空的任何损失(美国专利No.5150605,授权给Edwin Simpson)。
虽然这些用于探测气密包装中泄漏的每种仪器和方法通常是有效的,但是对快速、容易、廉价和精确地探测气密包装中泄漏的仪器和技术的基本需要一直存在。
发明内容
本发明的第一方面是一种用于探测和报告气密包装泄漏大小的仪器。该仪器包括(A)具有内腔的针、(B)真空泵、(C)质量流量传感器、(D)用于测量气密包装上的外压和发送外压信号的第一压力传感器、(E)用于测量由包装限定的保存腔内的压力和发送内压信号的第二压力传感器、(F)显示装置、(G)用户输入装置、(H)存储器和(I)处理器。该针用于穿透气密包装,以便使针的内腔和由包装限定的保存腔流体连通。真空泵和由针限定的内腔流体连通,用于从气密包装抽出气体成分以形成被抽空的保存腔。质量流量传感器和由针限定的内腔流体连通,用于测量由真空泵通过针的内腔从被抽空的保存腔抽出的质量流量和发送质量流量信号。存储器接收和储存外部气体的流体粘度值、包装壁厚值和至少一个包装密封长度值。处理器被互联和编程,以接收质量流量信号、接收外压信号、接收内压信号和存储器连通以得到流体粘度值、包装壁厚值和包装密封长度值,利用泊肃叶定律和包装壁厚值计算通过包装壁的孔的第一孔尺寸值,利用泊肃叶定律和至少一个包装密封长度值计算通过至少一个密封的孔的第二孔尺寸值,以及显示第一孔尺寸值和第二孔尺寸值中的至少一个孔尺寸值。
本发明的第二方面是一种用于探测气密包装中泄漏并报告泄漏大小的方法。该方法包括下列步骤:(A)穿透气密包装,以便使针的内腔和由包装限定的保存腔流体连通,(B)通过针的内腔,从保存腔抽出气体成分以形成被抽空的保存腔,(C)测量通过针的内腔来自被抽空的保存腔的质量流量,(D)测量包围被抽空的保存腔的气体外压,(E)测量被抽空的保存腔的内压,(F)将下列数值输入到电子存储器中:(i)外部气体的流体粘度值,(ii)包装壁厚值,和(iii)至少一个密封长度值,(G)利用泊肃叶定律和包装壁厚值,由测量值和输入值计算通过包装壁的孔的第一孔尺寸值,(H)利用泊肃叶定律和至少一个密封长度值,由测量值和输入值计算通过至少一个密封的孔的第二孔尺寸值,以及(I)报告第一孔尺寸值和第二孔尺寸值中的至少一个孔尺寸值。
附图说明
图1是示有一个抽空软包装的本发明一个实施例的前视图。
图2是图1中示出的本发明的前视图,其中壳体的盖子被去掉,以便于观察内部部件。
图3是图1中示出的针的远端的放大断面侧视图。
图4是气密包装一角设有通过密封的孔的放大顶视图。
图5是气密包装一角设有通过包装壁的孔的放大断面侧视图。
具体实施方式
术语表
10 仪器
15 壳体
16 通过壳体的输入口
17 通过壳体的输出口
18 通过壳体的进入口
20 针
21 针的远端
29 针的内腔
31 第一压力传感器
32 第二压力传感器
40 真空泵
50 质量流量传感器
60 处理器
65 存储器
70 导线70a、70b、70c和70d的集体标记
70a 从第一压力传感器到处理器的导线
70b 从第二压力传感器到处理器的导线
70c 从真空泵到处理器的导线
70d 从质量流量传感器到处理器的导线
71 从处理器到电池的导线
80 管线80a、80b和80c的集体标记
80a 互连针和第一压力传感器的管线长度
80b 互连第一压力传感器和真空泵的管线长度
80c 互连真空泵和质量流量传感器的管线长度
81 从质量流量传感器到通过壳体的出口的管线长度
82 从第二压力传感器到通过壳体的进入口的管线长度
90 用户接口部件
91 电源按钮
92 数据录入装置
93 显示装置
100 包装
100a 包装壁厚
101 包装中的固体成分
102 包装中的气体成分
109 由包装限定的保存腔
110 包装密封
110a 包装密封长度
120 包装上的孔
200 隔膜
300 电池
rseal 通过包装密封的孔半径
rside 通过包装侧壁的孔半径
C 清除按钮
E 进入按钮
S 启动按钮
定义
包括权利要求在内这里使用的术语“孔尺寸”指孔或开口的断面面积。孔尺寸可以报告为面积(例如cm2或in2)或可以报告为可以用其计算面积的一个变量,例如圆的半径(面积=(π)(半径2)、圆的直径(面积=(π)(直径/2)2),正方形的边长(面积=边长2)、等边三角形的边长()等。
包括权利要求在内,这里使用的泊肃叶定律(Poiseuille’s Law)指下面的数学公式,它是由法国物理学家让·泊肃叶发现的,基于直径、长度和沿管道的压降来描述通过管道的流体流量。
R=[(π)(r4)(P1-P2)]/(8μL)
式中:R=流量
r=管道内径
P1=管道一端处的压力
P2=管道另一端处的压力
μ=流过管道的流体粘度
L=管道长度
通过假定孔是一个具有基本上均匀内腔的管道,并换算成公式中的每一个下列变量,泊肃叶定律能够针对性地适合计算通过包装的孔尺寸的近似值。
R=通过孔的流量
r=孔的半径
P1=包装外部的压力
P2=包装内部的压力
μ=通过孔流进包装的流体粘度
L=孔长
结构
如图1和2所示,本发明的第一方面是用于探测和报告气密包装100中泄漏大小的仪器10。
参考图1和2,仪器10的第一方面包括针20、第一压力传感器31、第二压力传感器32、真空泵40、质量流量传感器50和带存储器65的处理器65。适当的管线80a、80b和80c(以下集体称为管线80)顺序地分别与针20、第一压力传感器31、真空泵40和质量流量传感器50相互连接。适当的电导线70a、70b、70c和70d(以下集体称为电导线70)分别将处理器电连接到第一压力传感器31、第二压力传感器32、真空泵40和质量流量传感器50。
如图3所示,针20构造和布置有内腔29和尖锐的远端21,该远端用于有效地刺穿包装100的侧壁(未标记)。隔膜200优选地附着于包装100的侧壁-特别是当包装100是高柔性的情况下-在利用针20刺穿包装100之前附着,以便在针20周围维持气密封。
参考图2,真空泵40通过管线80密封地连接到针20的内腔29。一旦针20已插穿包装100,使真空泵40工作,以有效地通过针20的内腔29,从由包装100限定的保存腔109抽出气体成分102,从而在保存腔109内形成真空。
基本上任何类型的真空泵40都适合于使用在该仪器10中,而选择主要取决于电源的选择(即电池或电源线)、希望的轻便程度(即手提的或台式的)和打算的用途(即大容积或小容积包装试验)。对于大多数应用,具有约250到1000cm3/min的最大气体体积流量和能够抽到约1-15lb/in2、优选为4-8lb/in2的最大真空度、使用标准消耗电池组(例如AAA、AA、A、C、D或9V电池)的真空泵40是充分的。
参考图2,第一压力传感器31用在针20和真空泵40之间,以测量和报告被抽空的保存腔109内的压力。在气体成分102已从保存腔109中抽出,在保存腔109内建立稳定的真空之后,由第一压力传感器31测量的内压是泊肃叶定律中的值“P2”(包装内部的压力)。
参考图2,第二压力传感器32用于测量和报告包装100外侧周围的大气压力。由第二压力传感器32测量的外部压力是泊肃叶定律中的值“P1”(包装外部的压力)。
使用第二压力传感器32的成本有效替代方案是利用第一压力传感器31来测量内部和外部压力,其中,在由针20限定的内腔29仍然和周围环境处于流体连通时(即在针20插进包装100之前),通过用第一压力传感器31来采集压力读数。
如图2所示,质量流量传感器50定位在真空泵40的下游,用于测量由真空泵40从被抽的保存腔109中抽出的质量流量。质量流量传感器50可以选择定位在真空泵40的上游。所关心的质量流量是,在气体成分102正从保存腔109抽出,稳态真空已在保存腔109内建立之后测得的质量流量。在这个阶段测得的质量流量是泊肃叶定律中的“R”值(通过孔的流量)。
在仪器10中使用的合适的气体质量流量传感器50是从包括马萨诸塞州维明顿市的MKS仪器公司在内的一些来源采购的。
参考图2,第一压力传感器31、第二压力传感器32、真空泵40和质量流量传感器50通过适当的导线可操作地互连到微控制器或处理器60,以控制各个部件的运行并接收和处理由各个传感器产生的数据信号。处理器60通过电导线70连接到合适的电源,诸如电池300。这些部件连同有关的电导线70、管线80和电源诸如电池300,优选地保持在单独壳体15内,壳体15装备有(i)输入口16,其构造成和布置成连接到一段长度的管线80a,以便使针20和保持在壳体15内的部件流体连通,(ii)输出口17,其通过一段长度的管线81连接到质量流量传感器50,用于将由真空泵40从保存腔109抽出的气体排出,和(iii)进入口18,通过一段长度的管线82连接到第二压力传感器32,用于使第二压力传感器32和周围大气可感测地接触。
参考图1,壳体15的前表面(未标记)包括必要的适当的用户接口部件90,该部件包括(i)电源通/断开关91,(ii)数据录入装置92,诸如数字键,和(iii)显示装置93,诸如液晶显示屏。数据录入装置92和显示装置93可操作地互连到微控制器或处理器60。
如图2所示,微控制器或处理器60包括相关的存储器65,用于存储从各个传感器31、32和50接收的数据值和通过数据录入装置92的数值输入。
微控制器或处理器60被编程以询问用户:(i)被抽包装100周围的流体的粘度-典型为空气-它将用作为泊肃叶定律中的值“μ”,(ii)包装100制作材料的厚度100a-它将用作为泊肃叶定律中的第一或侧壁泄漏值“L”(孔的长度),和(iii)包装100中的密封110的长度110a-它将用作为泊肃叶定律中的第二或密封泄漏值“L”(孔的长度)。微控制器或处理器60被进一步编程以接收下列数据值:(i)来自第二压力传感器32的包装100外部的压力-它将用作为泊肃叶定律中的值“P1”,(ii)来自第一压力传感器31的包装100内部的压力-它将用作为泊肃叶定律中的值“P2”,和(iii)来自质量流量传感器50的通过孔120的质量流量-它将用作为泊肃叶定律中的值“R”。在接收这些值之后,然后微控制器或处理器60利用泊肃叶定律和第一或侧壁泄漏值“L”,计算通过包装100侧壁的孔120的半径“r”(以下标记为rside),利用泊肃叶定律和第二或密封泄漏值“L”,计算通过包装100的密封110的孔120的半径“r”(以下标记为rseal)。然后报告计算出的“r”值rside和rseal其中之一或两者都被报告。在适当的情况中,当算出的数值是不现实的时候,因其异常(extraneous)算出的“r”值其中之一或两者可以被放弃掉-例如这种情况可能会发生在没有泄漏存在,而用于计算的值“R”导致rside和rseal两者都是不现实的小数值时,或在包装100的侧壁中存在泄漏,而利用第二或密封泄漏值“L”的计算导致rseal是不现实的小数值时,或在包装密封110中存在泄漏,而利用第一或侧壁泄漏值“L”的计算导致rside是不现实的大数值时。当rside和rseal两者都是不现实的小数值时,微控制器或处理器60能够被编程以报告未检测到泄漏。
仪器10可以构造为便携式或台式单元。
使用
具有固体成分101和气体成分102的包装100的单元被选择用于分析。电源开关91被按下以向仪器10供电,然后按下启动按钮S。仪器10显示请求用户利用数据录入装置92顺序输入下列数值:被抽包装100周围的流体粘度值、包装100的制作材料的厚度、包装100中密封100的长度110a。作为一种选择方案,处理器60可以用流体粘度预编程,这些流体作为这样试验中的“气氛”气体诸如空气、氮气和氦气通常被遇到,而仪器10可以简单地显示这些流体类型的菜单,用户可以从菜单中选择。在接收所请求的数据之后,仪器10指示用户将针20插进试验包装100。
隔膜200选择地附着到包装100的外表面(未标记)。用针20的远端21穿透隔膜200和包装100一个足够的距离,以使内腔29和由包装100限定的保存腔109流体连通。然后针20留在***位置,以实施过程的其它部分。
然后用户再次按下启动按钮S开始分析。真空泵40启动,从由包装100限定的保存腔109抽出气体成分102,并抽到一真空度。一旦气体成分102已从保存腔109中被抽出而且保存腔109内的压力已达到稳态,第一压力传感器31、第二压力传感器32和质量流量传感器50开始工作以测量内部压力、外部压力和通过管线80的质量流量。一旦这些值已被测得并传送到处理器60,压力传感器31和32、真空泵40和质量流量传感器50可以退出工作。
然后处理器60利用流体粘度(μ)、侧壁厚度(Lside)、密封长度(Lseal)、外部压力(P1)、内部压力(P2)和质量流量(R)的输入值和测量值,用泊肃叶定律分别计算rside和rseal的孔尺寸(r)。
然后报告计算出的“r”值rside和rseal其中之一或两者都被报告。在适当的情况中,当计算出的数值是不现实的时候,因其异常计算出的“r”值其中之一或两者可以被放弃-例如这种情况可能发生在没有泄漏存在而用于计算的值“R”导致rside和rseal两者都是不现实的小数值时,或者包装100的侧壁中存在泄漏而用第二或密封泄漏值“L”的计算导致rseal是不现实的小数值时,或者包装密封110中存在泄漏而用第一或侧壁泄漏值“L”的计算导致rside是不现实的大数值时。当rside和rseal两者都是不现实的小数值时,微控制器或处理器60能够被编程,以报告“未检测到泄漏”。
注意,在包装100具有多个通过包装侧壁的孔120或多个通过包装密封110的孔120时,将报告一个综合的孔尺寸(例如,一种包装具有通过包装密封110的两个不同的孔100,其半径分别为2mm和3mm,这种包装将被报告为半径rseal为3.15mm的单一的包装密封泄漏)。然而,在较稀有的情况下,即包装100具有至少一个通过侧壁的孔120和至少一个通过密封110的孔,孔120的存在将被报告,但是报告的孔尺寸将经常是没有(off)的,这是因为通过两个类型的孔120的质量流量R被作为一个单独的数值测量,这个单独数值在泊肃叶定律中将被看作是整个质量流量正在经过一个单独长度L(例如侧壁的长度L或密封110的长度L)的孔120而使用,而实际上通过侧壁的孔120的长度L通常比通过包装密封110的孔120的长度L要小几个数量级。
然后,按下消除按钮C再按下启动按钮S,重复该试验程序。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于探测和报告气密包装泄漏大小的仪器,包括:
(a)具有内腔的针,能够操作用于穿透气密包装,以便使针的内腔和由所述气密包装限定的保存腔流体连通;
(b)真空泵,与所述针的内腔流体连通并有效地用于抽空气密包装中的气体成分以形成被抽空的保存腔;
(c)质量流量传感器,与针的内腔密封地流体连通,用于测量由真空泵通过所述内腔从被抽空的保存腔抽出的质量流量和传送质量流量信号;
(d)第一压力传感器,***作用于测量所述气密包装上的外部压力和传送外部压力信号;
(e)第二压力传感器,用于测量由所述气密包装限定的所述保存腔内的压力和传送内部压力信号;
(f)显示装置;
(g)用户输入装置;
(h)存储器,用于接收和存储:
(1)外部气体的流体粘度值,
(2)气密包装的壁厚值,和
(3)至少一个气密包装密封的长度值;和
(i)处理器,被互连和编程,以(1)接收质量流量信号,(2)接收外部压力信号,(3)接收内部压力信号,(4)和存储器通信以得到流体粘度值、气密包装的壁厚值和气密包装密封的长度值,(5)利用泊肃叶定律和气密包装的壁厚值计算通过气密包装壁的孔的第一孔尺寸值,(6)利用泊肃叶定律和至少一个气密包装密封的长度的值计算通过至少一个密封的孔的第二孔尺寸值,和(7)显示第一孔尺寸值和第二孔尺寸值中的至少一个。
2.一种用于探测气密包装中的泄漏并报告泄漏大小的方法,包括下列步骤:
(a)穿透气密包装,以便使针的内腔和由气密包装限定的保存腔流体连通;
(b)通过针的内腔抽空保存腔中的气体成分,以便形成一个被抽空的保存腔;
(c)测量通过针的内腔的来自被抽空的保存腔的质量流量;
(d)测量被抽空的保存腔周围的气体的外部压力;
(e)测量被抽空的保存腔内的内部压力;
(f)将下列数值输入电子存储器:(1)外部气体的流体粘度值,(2)气密包装壁的壁厚值,和(3)至少一个气密包装密封的长度值;
(g)利用泊肃叶定律和气密包装壁的壁厚值,由在步骤(c)、(d)和(e)测量的值和在步骤(f)输入的值计算通过气密包装壁的孔的第一孔尺寸值;
(h)利用泊肃叶定律和至少一个气密包装密封的长度值,由在步骤(c)、(d)和(e)测量的值和在步骤(f)输入的值计算通过至少一个密封的孔的第二孔尺寸值;
(i)报告第一孔尺寸值和第二孔尺寸值中的至少一个孔尺寸值。
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- 2005-12-13 CN CN2005800490584A patent/CN101160518B/zh active Active
- 2005-12-13 JP JP2007554079A patent/JP4684300B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-12-13 WO PCT/US2005/045132 patent/WO2006083400A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-12-13 US US11/815,060 patent/US7578170B2/en active Active
- 2005-12-13 EP EP05853942A patent/EP1848967B1/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP4684300B2 (ja) | 2011-05-18 |
US7578170B2 (en) | 2009-08-25 |
EP1848967A2 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
CN101160518A (zh) | 2008-04-09 |
EP1848967B1 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
ATE545010T1 (de) | 2012-02-15 |
WO2006083400A3 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
EP1848967A4 (en) | 2010-03-24 |
JP2008529034A (ja) | 2008-07-31 |
US20080092635A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
WO2006083400A2 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
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