CN101156029A - 具有串排复缸压缩机应用中的可变速压缩机的制冷*** - Google Patents
具有串排复缸压缩机应用中的可变速压缩机的制冷*** Download PDFInfo
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- F25B2600/00—Control issues
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- F25B2600/026—Compressor control by controlling unloaders
- F25B2600/0261—Compressor control by controlling unloaders external to the compressor
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Abstract
一种制冷***,设置有串排复缸压缩机。众所周知,采用并行运行的串排复缸压缩机使得制冷***设计者能够实现制冷***的步进式容量控制。至少一个串排复缸压缩机设置有可变速驱动器。而且,至少一个串排复缸压缩机设置有节能器和/或卸载器功能。公开的***结构具有多个压缩级以及多个注入端口。通过这种方式,能够实现无级容量控制。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于驱动安装到具有串排复缸压缩机的制冷***中的压缩机的可变速电机。
背景技术
在许多空气调节和热泵应用场合中都采用制冷***来冷却和/或加热环境空气。环境的冷却或加热负载随周围条件而变,以及随建筑物占用者所需温度和/或湿度等级的变化而变化。
在某些制冷***中,采用单个压缩机来压缩制冷剂以及在闭合中移动制冷剂通过循环连接的户内和户外热交换器。然而,在许多情况下,希望能够改变制冷***提供的容量或冷却或加热量。因此,公知的制冷***设置有串排复缸压缩机。串排复缸压缩机实质上是并行运行的至少两个压缩机,其中经共用吸泵和/或排放总管相互连接这些压缩机。例如,用于双压缩机***的控制器激活两个压缩机或其中一个压缩机。这两个压缩机具有不同尺寸,在部分负载运行期间提供截然不同的容量(capacity)级。具有串排复缸压缩机的制冷***不是具有单个容量等级,而是具有若干个离散容量等级。
在现有技术中,控制装置被程序化,从而可选地激活串排复缸压缩机。然而,由串排复缸压缩机提供的容量控制按大离散步骤增加或减少。希望能够改进***控制容量,以便能够在这些离散步骤之间改变容量,从而准确匹配环境条件的宽泛范围的外部负载需求。
采用可变速驱动器来驱动制冷***中可变速的压缩机是公知常识。通过以较高速或较低速驱动压缩机,单位时间被压缩的制冷剂的量发生变化,因此能够调节***容量。
在包含串排复缸压缩机的制冷***中还未采用可变速驱动器,其中为了改变控制被调节空间内温度和湿度等级的***容量,通过可变速驱动器来驱动选定数量的串排复缸压缩机。
发明内容
在本发明的公开实施例中,在具有串排复缸压缩机的制冷***中的至少一个压缩机中设置可变速驱动压缩机。通过选择性利用这个压缩机,能够实现在串排复缸压缩机运行提供的离散步骤之间的容量调节。
控制装置识别期望冷却容量,然后,通过以下步骤实现该期望容量:首先,以最为有效和可靠的方式,激活串排复缸压缩机,以准确接近所需容量。然后,增量改变具有可变速功能的该至少一个压缩机的速度。然后监测该容量。当最终实现所需等级,则以该新速度运行该至少一个压缩机。如果该容量仍然需要调节,则再次增量调节该速度,以及再次监测产生的条件。
在所公开的实施例中,其中一个串排复缸压缩机设置有可变速驱动器,而另一个串排复缸压缩机没有。在其他实施例中,两个压缩机都设置有可变速驱动器。
所公开的实施例将节能器循环和卸载器循环随可变速驱动器一起结合到图例。
通过下面的说明和附图,能够最佳理解本发明的这些和其他特征,下面是附图说明。
附图说明
图1示出第一实施例的制冷***。
图1A示出其他可能的电路示图。
图1B示出其他可能的电路示图。
图1C示出其他可能的电路示图。
图2示出第二实施例的制冷***。
图3示出由现有技术提供的容量控制。
图4示出由本发明提供的容量控制。
图5是根据本发明的控制算法的流程图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出制冷***20。压缩机22设置有可变速驱动器24。第二压缩机26没有设置可变速驱动器,它结合压缩机22来运行。如图所示,关断阀28使得压缩机26隔离于排放总管,用于***的控制装置应当确定仅需要压缩机22就能够实现给定容量。众所周知,压缩机22和26传送制冷剂到共用排放线30,该共用排放线引至冷凝器32。虽然该***20用作空调***,但是应当理解的是,本发明还可以应用于热泵和冷却器。
众所周知,这两个压缩机22和26优选设置有截然不同的容量,以使得通过运行压缩机22和26中的一个或两个能够实现容量总等级的改变。在这种情况下,通过***设计者的判断来选择更大或更小的压缩机是否设置有可变速驱动器。该选择将根据许多因素而定,包括(但不限于)应用需求、成本、***运行效率等等。膨胀装置34设置在冷凝器32的下游,蒸发器36设置在膨胀装置34的下游。共用吸收线38引至分立吸收线39,以便将制冷剂返回到压缩机22和26。
如图所示,在图1的示意图中具有节能器回路。节能器热交换器40从通过节能器膨胀装置44的线42接收分支制冷剂。众所周知,通过将分支制冷剂通过膨胀装置44,它的压力和温度会降低。因此,在节能器热交换器40中,该分支制冷剂再冷却液体主线45中的制冷剂,其中该液体主线也通过节能器热交换器40。节能器功能是本领域公知常识,以及可以增大制冷***20的容量和/或效率。
如图所示,在至少一个压缩机中,这里示出为压缩机22,该分支制冷剂经线46返回到中间压缩点48。虽然分支线42中的制冷剂示出为沿和液体主线45的制冷剂相同的方向流过节能器热交换器40,但是应当理解的是,在优选实施例中,两支流体实际上可以处于反方向流体结构中。
旁通线50也包含在内,它使得来自压缩机22中的中间压缩点48的制冷剂的一部分返回到吸收线39。当希望具有卸载运行时,开启阀门52,同时优选(但不是必须的)关闭膨胀装置44。通过这种方式,已经由压缩机22部分压缩的制冷剂将返回到吸收线39,因此提供卸载功能。
应当理解的是,该节能压缩机22具有多于一个注入端口48和多于一个相关的节能器热交换器40。以及,众所周知,该节能器热交换器结构可以被闪蒸罐来替代。而且,可以采用多级压缩***,来替代单个节能压缩机。在这种多级压缩机***中,可以利用可变速驱动器来提供一个或多个级。
如图所示,电机200连接到风扇,该风扇用于扇动空气通过冷凝器32和蒸发器36上方。其中一个电机200或其它的电机200可以设置有可变速驱动器202。本领域技术人员将会意识到,当可变速控制风扇或例如二次回路泵的其他部件时,希望设置连接到制冷***的电机。
图1A示出另一个电路图100,其中由两个压缩机级104和106来替代其中一个压缩机例如压缩机22。虽然图中所示两个压缩机级104和106都连接到可变速驱动器102,但是也可以仅有一个级连接到其上。如图所示,从节能器热交换器开始的回线108简单地在两个级之间延伸,而不是延伸到其中一个级中的压缩室中。
图1B示出另一个实施例110,其中有三个压缩机级112、114和116。可变速驱动器118控制其中两个级114和116。每个级如图所示连接到卸载器阀120。两个单独的节能器热交换器122选择性传送制冷剂经线124回到压缩机级之间的点。本领域技术人员熟知的是,可以根据设计者意愿和具体应用场合要求来选择多个压缩机级(以及以可变速运行的多个压缩机级及其具***置)、多个卸载器阀和多个节能器热交换器。
图1C示出另一个实施例130,其中通过一对进馈到第二压缩机级138的一对串排复缸压缩机134和136来提供第一级压缩机。如图所示,中间压力制冷剂回线140在这些级之间延伸。可变速驱动器132仅连接到压缩机134。当然,许多其他图例都落入本发明的范围内,包括(但不限于)可变数量的串排复缸和可变速压缩机。
图2示出另一个不同的实施例60,其中由一组四个压缩机来替代两个串排复缸压缩机。如图所示,压缩机64均设置有可变速驱动器62。关断阀66设置在三个压缩机64、68和70的排放线上,以便当它们被***控制所停止时隔离这些压缩机。共用排放总管72引至冷凝器74、膨胀装置76和蒸发器78。用于制冷***60的控制装置用于以可变速运动这两个压缩机64,以及这两个压缩机68和70在固定速度下达到期望容量。
用于每个制冷***20和60的控制装置能够识别所需冷却容量,以及运行串排复缸压缩机和/或节能器,以及根据需要运行卸载器功能。因此,如图3所示,结合到图1图例且没有可变速驱动器的现有技术***可以提供至少三个容量控制级A、B和A+B。实际上,图1所示图例可以具有甚至更多级,因为卸载器阀和节能器功能的运行会提供附加容量阶级。然而,为了理解本发明的余下内容,图3的简化图例将可以满足需要。可以看到,在数值A、B和A+B之间存在现有技术***不能提供的若干数值。当然这就是该***的过于简化版本,但是这不能提供理解本发明的良好基础。图2的实施例还可以获得容量控制的许多其他等级。
图3和4是图1实施例的过于简化版本,以及能够提供容量等级。如上所述,通过运行卸载器阀和节能器功能,能够实现附加容量阶级。然而,该***的控制装置会运行小于压缩机22的一个压缩机(例如,压缩机26)来提供等级A。可以运行另一个压缩机22来提供等级B,其中将压缩机26停止。通过运行两个压缩机22和26,能够实现等级A+B。在其中每个等级中,通过增大压缩机22的驱动电机速度,能够实现阶级A、B或A+B以上的斜面R。另一方面,通过降低该速度,会发生相反情况,即从这些数值开始向下移动斜面。在压缩机速度调节和移动到不同运行模式的切换决策通常基于所需冷却量、效率和可靠性考虑而作出。例如,在特定速度下运行压缩机会不安全,因为压缩机部件之间的润滑作用不足。另一方面,和切换到节能器运行模式相比,在相对较高速度下运行压缩机的效率较低。
图5示出利用本领域公知的标准可变速电机控制如何典型地实现这些斜面。图4所示的斜面R是过于简化版本。实际上,该控制过程通常在增量步骤中进行,然后在增量变化之后监测制冷剂循环的运行。因此,沿每个斜面R会有多个步骤变化,而不是图4所示那样有无穷多个变化。然而,图4确实很好地阐述了本发明如何提供变化的容量的过程。
注意到,可以结合也是以可变速运行的其他***部件例如风扇或泵来应用可变速串排复缸压缩机。
虽然已经公开了本发明的优选实施例,但是本领域技术人员将会意识到,某些变型也落入本发明的范围内。为此,下面的权利要求应当限定本发明的真实范围和内容。
Claims (20)
1.一种制冷***,包括:
并行运行的至少两个串排复缸压缩机,其中至少一个压缩机具有可变速驱动器,用于改变所述至少一个压缩机的速度;
设置在所述压缩机的下游的冷凝器以及设置在所述冷凝器下游的蒸发器;以及
用于选择性改变所述至少一个压缩机的所述速度的控制装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制冷***,其中在所述冷凝器和所述蒸发器中间设置节能器热交换器,所述节能器热交换器选择性接收分支制冷剂,以再冷却流过所述节能器热交换器的制冷剂主流,以及所述分支制冷剂返回到至少一个压缩机,以及所述控制装置可操作地改变所述至少一个压缩机的速度,以提供在运行所述节能器热交换器的等级和没有运行所述节能器热交换器的等级之间的容量控制变化。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制冷***,其中设置有多个中间端口,其中所述分支制冷剂经所述中间端口返回到所述至少一个所述压缩机。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制冷***,其中至少一个所述串排复缸压缩机由多级压缩机提供。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制冷***,其中所述控制装置在增量步骤中改变所述至少一个压缩机的所述速度。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制冷***,其中所述至少两个压缩机中的至少一个设置有卸载器功能。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制冷***,其中所述至少两个压缩机中的至少一个没有设置可变速驱动器。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制冷***,其中所述至少两个压缩机是有多于两个,以及至少两个所述压缩机设置有可变速驱动器。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制冷***,其中连接到除压缩机之外其他部件的风扇或泵也设置有可变速驱动器。
10.根据权利要求1所述的制冷***,其中所述至少两个压缩机具有不同容量。
11.一种控制制冷***的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)提供并行运行的至少两个串排复缸压缩机,其中至少一个压缩机具有可变速驱动器,用于改变所述至少一个压缩机的速度,提供位于所述压缩机下游的冷凝器和位于所述冷凝器下游的蒸发器,以及提供控制装置,用于选择性改变所述至少一个压缩机的所述速度,以实现容量控制的变化等级;以及
(2)确定所需容量,以及运行所述至少两个压缩机的其中一个或另一个或两个,以及改变所述至少一个压缩机的速度,以实现所述确定的期望容量。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中利用制冷***提供节能器功能,以及如果需要实现步骤2的期望容量,则选择性激活所述节能器功能,以提供附加容量或增加运行效率。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中来自对应节能器热交换器的制冷剂返回到与所述至少两个串排复缸压缩机相关联的多个端口。
14.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述至少两个压缩机中的至少一个由多级压缩机提供。
15.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述控制装置在增量步骤中改变所述至少一个压缩机的所述速度。
16.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中提供卸载器功能,以卸载所述至少两个压缩机中的至少一个,以实现步骤2的期望容量。
17.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述至少两个压缩机中的至少一个没有设置可变速驱动器。
18.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述至少两个压缩机是有多于两个,以及至少两个所述压缩机设置有可变速驱动器,以及所述控制装置改变所述至少两个可变速驱动的压缩机的速度。
19.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述至少两个压缩机设置有不同容量。
20.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中连接到所述制冷***中的另一个部件的至少一个风扇或泵设置有可变速驱动器。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/101,347 US20060225445A1 (en) | 2005-04-07 | 2005-04-07 | Refrigerant system with variable speed compressor in tandem compressor application |
US11/101,347 | 2005-04-07 |
Publications (1)
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CN101156029A true CN101156029A (zh) | 2008-04-02 |
Family
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CNA2006800111652A Pending CN101156029A (zh) | 2005-04-07 | 2006-02-14 | 具有串排复缸压缩机应用中的可变速压缩机的制冷*** |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US20060225445A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1866576A4 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101156029A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2598706A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2006110209A2 (zh) |
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CN104819607A (zh) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-08-05 | 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 | 制冷***、冷媒控制方法、装置和空调器 |
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CN103635763A (zh) * | 2011-05-16 | 2014-03-12 | 开利公司 | 多压缩机制冷*** |
CN104819607A (zh) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-08-05 | 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 | 制冷***、冷媒控制方法、装置和空调器 |
CN104819607B (zh) * | 2015-05-12 | 2017-04-12 | 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 | 制冷***、冷媒控制方法、装置和空调器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2006110209A2 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
CA2598706A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
WO2006110209A3 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
EP1866576A2 (en) | 2007-12-19 |
US20060225445A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
EP1866576A4 (en) | 2010-07-21 |
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