CN101153358A - Method of producing silicon carbon negative pole material of lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Method of producing silicon carbon negative pole material of lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101153358A
CN101153358A CNA2006100629288A CN200610062928A CN101153358A CN 101153358 A CN101153358 A CN 101153358A CN A2006100629288 A CNA2006100629288 A CN A2006100629288A CN 200610062928 A CN200610062928 A CN 200610062928A CN 101153358 A CN101153358 A CN 101153358A
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China
Prior art keywords
silicon
preparation
ion battery
lithium ion
cathode material
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CNA2006100629288A
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骆兆军
刘先龙
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Shenzhen Bak Battery Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Bak Battery Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A preparation method of carbon/silicon cathode for ion lithium battery includes the procedures as follows: firstly a high-molecular polymer is used to treat the silicon powder with the nanometer fineness to form an electroconductive film over the surface of the silicon powder, secondly asphaltum as the adhesive is dissolved into an organic solvent, which is added into the silicon powder prepared in the step 1, mixed adequately and evenly, then added with spheric graphite, mixed evenly and then steamed to eliminate the solvent, to form a covering layer containing silicon on the surface of the spheric graphite, thirdly the material obtained in step 2 undergoes carbonization under the protection with the inert gas and, fourthly the asphaltum as the impregnant is dissolved into an organic solvent, and slowly added into the material obtained in step 3, which is mixed evenly and then steamed to eliminate the solvent, and the asphaltum as the impregnant is used to cover outside the silicon coverage layer, then the material obtained in step 4 undergoes carbonization under the protection with the inert gas to produce the final product. The present invention provides a preparation method of carbon/silicon cathode for ion lithium battery, which helps the active silicon carry out high capacity and is capable of good recycling efficacy at the same time.

Description

A kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium ion battery negative material preparation method, be specifically related to the preparation method of Si-C composite material.
Background technology
Widespread use and fast development along with various portable electric appts and electromobile, people are also more and more higher to the demand and the performance requriements of all kinds of electric product power supplys, lithium-ion secondary cell with superior over-all properties such as its high power characteristic in success over past ten years and be widely used in the mobile electronic terminal apparatus field.
Adopt lithium transition-metal oxide/graphite system at present in the commercialization lithium-ion secondary cell mostly, because the theoretical lithium storage content of negative pole itself is lower in this battery system, the simple process modification of passing through is difficult to satisfy people's demand more and more higher to cell container, therefore seeks the focus that the higher negative material of capacity becomes negative material research; In the research of non-carbon back negative material, (as single crystalline Si: 3800mAh/g), low embedding lithium current potential has higher stability and attracts tremendous attention than other metal_based materials silica-base material because of having high theory storage clang capacity.The Si sill if can successful Application as the negative pole of clang ionization cell, reach degree of being practical, will produce epoch making significance to the development of lithium ion battery, and produce great effect, simultaneously the exploitation of little energy system be offered reference for the development of information, energy industry.But the same with metal_based material, there is serious volume effect in silica-base material under high level removal lithium embedded condition, causes the cyclical stability instability of electrode, and its first irreversible capacity height, has limited its application as lithium ion battery negative material.Therefore present many investigators are devoted to the modification and the optimization design of this high storage lithium performance materials.Adopt the compound system of the silicon grain external parcel amorphous carbon layer of CVD method preparation as the subordinate's of Hitachi Maxwell company, the structure and the conductivity of silicon materials have been improved, can restrain lithium to a certain extent and embed and deviate from volume effect in the process, thereby the cycle performance of such material is improved.But the process of CVD method is difficult to control, and uncertain factor is many, therefore is difficult to realize producing in batches.People such as C.S.Wang adopt graphite and silica flour to have the higher lithium of embedding first capacity by the silicon/carbon binary system matrix material of the method preparation of mechanical ball milling, but its charge-discharge performance instability, especially initial several cycles capacity attenuation very fast (J.Electrochem.Soc., 8 (1998): 2751-2755).Adopt the similar cancellated graphite one silicon/Si (OCH of sol-gel method preparation 3) 4Though material has metastable mechanical property, help the raising of cycle performance, but then, the existence of Si-O network structure also hinders the dispersal behavior of lithium, the embedded quantity of lithium is reduced, can not give full play of high capacity characteristics (S.B.Ng, J.of Power Sourdes, 94 (2001): 63-67) of Si.
Summary of the invention
Deficiency at above technology, the invention provides a kind of employing mechanochemistry combines with the solid method of high temperature, take into account the surface coating technology of nanometer amorphous material simultaneously, suppress to discharge and recharge the volume change and the aggregating state of back active material to greatest extent, when making activated silica give play to higher capacity, have excellent cycle performance concurrently.
For realizing above-mentioned technical purpose, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material may further comprise the steps:
The high molecular polymer that A, employing have electroconductibility and electrochemical activity is that nano level silica flour is handled to fineness, makes nano level silicon powder surface form one deck conducting film;
B, caking agent pitch is dissolved in the organic solvent, adds the silica flour for preparing in the A step then, stir, add spherical graphite again, boil off solvent after stirring, form siliceous coating layer on the surface of spherical graphite;
C, under the protection of rare gas element, the material that obtains behind the step B is carried out carbonizing treatment, in the siliceous coating layer of graphite surface, produce closed pore;
D, dipping agent bitumen is dissolved in the organic solvent, slowly adds the material that obtains behind the step C, boil off solvent after stirring, coat dipping agent bitumen again in silicon coating layer outside;
E, under the protection of rare gas element, the material that obtains behind the step D is carried out making product after the carbonizing treatment.
Further, described organic solvent is pyridine, dithiocarbonic anhydride, tetrahydrofuran (THF): mixed solvent, NMP or the toluene solvant of acetone=1: 1.
Further, the high molecular polymer described in the steps A is: polypyrrole, Polythiophene or polyaniline.
Further, repeating step D, E one or many.
Further, the weight part in described each step is: spherical graphite is 70-100 part, and silica flour is 4-20 part, caking agent pitch 3-20 part, and dipping agent bitumen is 3-25 part.Preferably, spherical graphite is 75-85 part, and silica flour is 7-15 part, caking agent pitch 5-15 part, and dipping agent bitumen is 5-15 part.
In addition, in step B, add before the spherical graphite, also add 1-5 part lime carbonate.
In the aforesaid method, carbonization temperature all is 1000 ℃, and it is 0.5 ℃/min-10 ℃/min that temperature-rise period adopts two sections temperature increasing schedules, heat-up rate, soaking time 1-10 hour.
The useful technique effect that the present invention produces is: adopt process for treating surface to handle silicon powder, make the silicon powder surface form the polymer membrane that one deck has electroconductibility and electrochemical activity, greatly reduce silicon the possibility of volume effect and then reunion takes place in the charge and discharge cycles process, improved because of the reunite situation of the electroconductibility deterioration that produces of silicon powder; When silicon powder is coated on graphite surface, introduced binder pitch (the pitch composition is designed), simultaneously by certain carbonization system, in the siliceous coating layer of graphite surface, produce a large amount of closed pores, these closed pores have cushioned the volume effect of silicon to a great extent; Coat adhesive silicone micro mist bituminous graphite material for the surface, adopt dipping agent bitumen to coat again, silicon powder all is coated on wherein and not exposes, thereby avoided silica-base material under high level removal lithium embedded condition, have serious volume effect problem.
By above measure, when the material that makes this method make has higher capacity, have excellent cycle performance concurrently.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material is with D 502 microns (implications of this expression of PLSCONFM? whether be meant fineness be lower than 2 microns be no less than 50%, it is the general method for expressing in this area? general) silica flour ball milling 14 hours, it was added in the nmp solution of polyaniline stir process one hour, oven drying at low temperature.Getting 0.4 gram this kind silica flour adds in the caking agent bituminous pyridine solution (1 gram caking agent pitch is dissolved in the 15ml pyridine solution) and stirred one hour.In this system, slowly add 9.6 gram D 50Be 19 microns spherical graphites, stirred one hour, oven dry.This material is positioned over carbonization in the tube furnace of nitrogen protection, 1000 ℃ of carbonization temperatures, carbonization time two hours.(1 gram dipping agent bitumen is dissolved in the 15mlNMP solution) stirred 2 hours in the nmp solution with the above-mentioned material adding dipping agent bitumen that makes, flung to solvent.This material is positioned over carbonization in the tube furnace of nitrogen protection, 1000 ℃ of carbonization temperatures, carbonization time 5 hours obtains silicon carbon material.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of another kind of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material is with D 50Be 2 microns silica flour ball milling 10 hours, it added in NMP (N-Methyl pyrrolidone) solution of polypyrrole stir process 2 hours, oven drying at low temperature.Getting 1 gram this kind silica flour adds in the caking agent bituminous dithiocarbonic anhydride solution (0.3 gram caking agent pitch is dissolved in the 15ml dithiocarbonic anhydride solution) and stirred one hour.In this system, slowly add 7 gram D 50Be 19 microns spherical graphites, stirred one hour, oven dry.This material is positioned over carbonization in the tube furnace of argon shield, 1000 ℃ of carbonization temperatures, carbonization time 5 hours.(2 gram dipping agent bitumens are dissolved in the 25ml toluene solution) stirred 2 hours in the toluene solution with the above-mentioned material adding dipping agent bitumen that makes, flung to solvent.This material is positioned over carbonization in the tube furnace of argon shield, 1000 ℃ of carbonization temperatures, carbonization time 5 hours obtains silicon carbon material.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of another lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material is with D 50Be 2 microns silica flour ball milling 10 hours, it added in the nmp solution of Polythiophene stir process 2 hours, oven drying at low temperature.Getting 0.5 gram this kind silica flour adds in the caking agent bituminous dithiocarbonic anhydride solution (0.3 gram caking agent pitch is dissolved in the 15ml tetrahydrofuran (THF): in the mixed solvent of acetone=1: 1) and stirred one hour.In this system, slowly add 10 gram D 50Be 19 microns spherical graphites, stirred one hour, oven dry.This material is positioned over carbonization in the tube furnace of argon shield, 1000 ℃ of carbonization temperatures, carbonization time 10 hours.(2.5 gram dipping agent bitumens are dissolved in the 25ml toluene solution) stirred 2 hours in the toluene solution with the above-mentioned material adding dipping agent bitumen that makes, flung to solvent.This material is positioned over carbonization in the tube furnace of argon shield, 1000 ℃ of carbonization temperatures, carbonization time 5 hours obtains silicon carbon material.
Embodiment 4
The preparation method of another lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material, embodiment 1 is identical for the present embodiment fundamental sum, and different is, and the amount of spherical graphite is 7.5 grams, and silica flour is 0.7 gram, and caking agent pitch is 1.5 grams, and dipping agent bitumen is 1.5 grams.
Embodiment 5
The preparation method of another lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material, embodiment 2 is identical for the present embodiment fundamental sum, and different is, and the amount of spherical graphite is 8.5 grams, and silica flour is 1.5 grams, and caking agent pitch is 0.5 gram, and dipping agent bitumen is 0.3 gram.
Embodiment 6
The preparation method of another lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material, embodiment 3 is identical for the present embodiment fundamental sum, and different is, and the amount of spherical graphite is 8.0 grams, and silica flour is 2.0 grams, and caking agent pitch is 2.0 grams, and dipping agent bitumen is 1.2 grams.
Embodiment 7
The preparation method of another lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material, embodiment 6 is identical for the present embodiment fundamental sum, and different is to add spherical graphite and added 0.5 gram lime carbonate before.
Above-mentioned each material property of implementing to make is detected:
At first an amount of PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)) is mixed with the PVDF/NMP solution of 0.02g/ml, the electrode active material that conductive agent 5wt%Super-P, 2 the various embodiments described above that restrain are made adds in the solution again, makes uniform viscous paste.Then slurry is coated on the Cu paper tinsel, in 85 ℃ of vacuum drying oven oven dry; With above-mentioned pole piece, as counter electrode, be combined into button cell with metallic lithium, electrolytic solution adopts good fortune high post electrolytic solution (EC: EMC=3: 7) (EC: NSC 11801, EMC: Methyl ethyl carbonate), discharge and recharge that carry to end voltage be 0.02-1.5V, current density is: 0.2mA/cm 2
Record each embodiment data such as following table 1
Table 1, various embodiments of the present invention make the chemical property of material
The embodiment performance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Initial reversible capacity mAh/g 416.35 452.02 420.31 432.5 460.13 450.10 448.12
Efficient % first 80.30 80.01 81.2 80.45 79.12 79.6 80.15
From above-mentioned test data as seen, the material that adopts the inventive method to make not only has higher capacity, simultaneously with excellent cycle performance.

Claims (8)

1. the preparation method of a lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material may further comprise the steps:
The high molecular polymer that A, employing have electroconductibility and electrochemical activity is that nano level silica flour is handled to fineness, makes nano level silicon powder surface form one deck conducting film;
B, caking agent pitch is dissolved in the organic solvent, adds the silica flour for preparing in the steps A then, stir, add spherical graphite again, boil off solvent after stirring, form siliceous coating layer on the surface of spherical graphite;
C, under the protection of rare gas element, the material that obtains behind the step B is carried out carbonizing treatment, in the siliceous coating layer of graphite surface, produce closed pore;
D, dipping agent bitumen is dissolved in the organic solvent, slowly adds the material that obtains behind the step C, boil off solvent after stirring, coat dipping agent bitumen again in silicon coating layer outside;
E, under the protection of rare gas element, the material that obtains behind the step D is carried out making product after the carbonizing treatment.
2. the preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described organic solvent is pyridine, dithiocarbonic anhydride, tetrahydrofuran (THF): mixed solvent, NMP or the toluene solvant of acetone=1: 1.
3. the preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the high molecular polymer described in the steps A is: polypyrrole, Polythiophene or polyaniline.
4. the preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: repeating step D, E one or many.
5. according to the preparation method of any described lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: the weight part in described each step is: spherical graphite is 70-100 part, silica flour is 4-20 part, caking agent pitch 3-20 part, and dipping agent bitumen is 3-25 part.
6. the preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the weight part in described each step is: spherical graphite is 75-85 part, silica flour is 7-15 part, caking agent pitch 5-15 part, dipping agent bitumen is 5-15 part.
7. the preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material according to claim 5 is characterized in that: add before the spherical graphite among the step B, also add 1-5 part lime carbonate.
8. the preparation method of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material according to claim 6 is characterized in that: add before the spherical graphite among the step B, also add 1-5 part lime carbonate.
CNA2006100629288A 2006-09-28 2006-09-28 Method of producing silicon carbon negative pole material of lithium ion battery Pending CN101153358A (en)

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Cited By (21)

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CN101894939A (en) * 2010-07-02 2010-11-24 重庆大学 Nano-Si or nano-Sn containing composite cathode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof
CN102637872A (en) * 2012-01-07 2012-08-15 天津市贝特瑞新能源材料有限责任公司 High-capacity silicon-carbon composited anode material, preparation method and application thereof
CN102903894A (en) * 2012-09-14 2013-01-30 东莞市翔丰华电池材料有限公司 Cathode material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof
CN101841035B (en) * 2009-12-07 2013-02-13 大连丽昌新材料有限公司 High-energy compound material used for cathode of lithium ion battery and process for preparing same
CN103107336A (en) * 2013-01-28 2013-05-15 方大工业技术研究院有限公司 Gradient-coated lithium ion battery graphite cathode material and preparation method thereof
CN103107335A (en) * 2011-10-05 2013-05-15 三星Sdi株式会社 Negative active material and lithium battery containing the negative active material
GB2502345A (en) * 2012-05-25 2013-11-27 Nexeon Ltd Composite particle comprising a polymer coating insoluble in N-methyl pyrrolidone
CN104518207A (en) * 2013-09-27 2015-04-15 比亚迪股份有限公司 A lithium ion battery anode active material, a preparing method thereof, an anode and a lithium ion battery
CN104638240A (en) * 2015-02-06 2015-05-20 湖州创亚动力电池材料有限公司 Method for preparing lithium ion battery silicon carbon composite anode material and product prepared by method
CN104716312A (en) * 2015-03-11 2015-06-17 中国科学院化学研究所 Silicon-carbon composite material for lithium ion battery, preparation method and application of silicon-carbon composite material
CN104868107A (en) * 2015-03-11 2015-08-26 中国科学院化学研究所 Spherical silicon/carbon composite material for lithium ion battery as well as preparation method and application thereof
CN104868095A (en) * 2014-02-25 2015-08-26 江门市荣炭电子材料有限公司 Carbon-silicon composite electrode material and preparation method thereof
WO2017024897A1 (en) * 2015-08-07 2017-02-16 田东 Preparation method for modified lithium-ion battery negative electrode material
CN106784741A (en) * 2017-02-17 2017-05-31 深圳市贝特瑞新能源材料股份有限公司 A kind of carbon-silicon composite material, its preparation method and the lithium ion battery comprising the composite
CN107293708A (en) * 2017-05-18 2017-10-24 山东玉皇新能源科技有限公司 The improved method that solvent-thermal method prepares graphene silicon composite
CN107394137A (en) * 2017-06-30 2017-11-24 中天储能科技有限公司 A kind of preparation method of high performance silicon carbon negative pole material
CN107799728A (en) * 2016-08-29 2018-03-13 南京安普瑞斯有限公司 A kind of hollow Si-C composite material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof
CN108134087A (en) * 2016-12-01 2018-06-08 内蒙古欣源石墨烯科技有限公司 Negative material and preparation method thereof used in a kind of lithium-ion-power cell
CN108807940A (en) * 2018-07-18 2018-11-13 绍兴文理学院 A kind of preparation method of graphene enhancing carbon-silicon composite material
CN111095626A (en) * 2018-05-24 2020-05-01 株式会社Lg化学 Negative active material for lithium secondary battery and method for preparing same
CN111697218A (en) * 2020-06-30 2020-09-22 陕西煤业化工技术研究院有限责任公司 Silicon-carbon negative electrode material and preparation method thereof

Cited By (27)

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CN101841035B (en) * 2009-12-07 2013-02-13 大连丽昌新材料有限公司 High-energy compound material used for cathode of lithium ion battery and process for preparing same
CN101894939A (en) * 2010-07-02 2010-11-24 重庆大学 Nano-Si or nano-Sn containing composite cathode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof
CN101894939B (en) * 2010-07-02 2014-04-16 重庆大学 Nano-Si or nano-Sn containing composite cathode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof
CN103107335A (en) * 2011-10-05 2013-05-15 三星Sdi株式会社 Negative active material and lithium battery containing the negative active material
CN102637872A (en) * 2012-01-07 2012-08-15 天津市贝特瑞新能源材料有限责任公司 High-capacity silicon-carbon composited anode material, preparation method and application thereof
GB2502345A (en) * 2012-05-25 2013-11-27 Nexeon Ltd Composite particle comprising a polymer coating insoluble in N-methyl pyrrolidone
GB2502345B (en) * 2012-05-25 2017-03-15 Nexeon Ltd Composite material
CN102903894A (en) * 2012-09-14 2013-01-30 东莞市翔丰华电池材料有限公司 Cathode material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof
CN103107336A (en) * 2013-01-28 2013-05-15 方大工业技术研究院有限公司 Gradient-coated lithium ion battery graphite cathode material and preparation method thereof
CN103107336B (en) * 2013-01-28 2017-04-19 方大工业技术研究院有限公司 Gradient-coated lithium ion battery graphite cathode material and preparation method thereof
CN104518207A (en) * 2013-09-27 2015-04-15 比亚迪股份有限公司 A lithium ion battery anode active material, a preparing method thereof, an anode and a lithium ion battery
CN104518207B (en) * 2013-09-27 2018-04-20 比亚迪股份有限公司 A kind of lithium ion battery anode active material and preparation method, anode and lithium ion battery
CN104868095A (en) * 2014-02-25 2015-08-26 江门市荣炭电子材料有限公司 Carbon-silicon composite electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN104868095B (en) * 2014-02-25 2017-03-08 江门市荣炭电子材料有限公司 Carbon silicon combination electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN104638240A (en) * 2015-02-06 2015-05-20 湖州创亚动力电池材料有限公司 Method for preparing lithium ion battery silicon carbon composite anode material and product prepared by method
CN104868107A (en) * 2015-03-11 2015-08-26 中国科学院化学研究所 Spherical silicon/carbon composite material for lithium ion battery as well as preparation method and application thereof
CN104716312A (en) * 2015-03-11 2015-06-17 中国科学院化学研究所 Silicon-carbon composite material for lithium ion battery, preparation method and application of silicon-carbon composite material
WO2017024897A1 (en) * 2015-08-07 2017-02-16 田东 Preparation method for modified lithium-ion battery negative electrode material
CN107799728A (en) * 2016-08-29 2018-03-13 南京安普瑞斯有限公司 A kind of hollow Si-C composite material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof
CN108134087A (en) * 2016-12-01 2018-06-08 内蒙古欣源石墨烯科技有限公司 Negative material and preparation method thereof used in a kind of lithium-ion-power cell
CN106784741A (en) * 2017-02-17 2017-05-31 深圳市贝特瑞新能源材料股份有限公司 A kind of carbon-silicon composite material, its preparation method and the lithium ion battery comprising the composite
CN107293708A (en) * 2017-05-18 2017-10-24 山东玉皇新能源科技有限公司 The improved method that solvent-thermal method prepares graphene silicon composite
CN107394137A (en) * 2017-06-30 2017-11-24 中天储能科技有限公司 A kind of preparation method of high performance silicon carbon negative pole material
CN111095626A (en) * 2018-05-24 2020-05-01 株式会社Lg化学 Negative active material for lithium secondary battery and method for preparing same
CN111095626B (en) * 2018-05-24 2022-06-24 株式会社Lg新能源 Negative active material for lithium secondary battery and method for preparing same
CN108807940A (en) * 2018-07-18 2018-11-13 绍兴文理学院 A kind of preparation method of graphene enhancing carbon-silicon composite material
CN111697218A (en) * 2020-06-30 2020-09-22 陕西煤业化工技术研究院有限责任公司 Silicon-carbon negative electrode material and preparation method thereof

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