CN101138385B - Apparatus and method for producing feedstuff by cattle manure - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for producing feedstuff by cattle manure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a device and a method for preparing feed with cattle manure. The technical proposal of the present invention is that the cattle manure, which is pretreated with the process of dehydration, is fermented with two temperatures from 45 to 70 Celsius degrees and 20 to 40 Celsius degrees; the finished product of regenerated feed is obtained after the conventional processing. The regenerated feed obtained with the present invention has a higher crude protein content compared with the feed obtained with the prior art and has a high nutrition value; the effect is excellent if the feed is used for feeding fowl, livestock and fish.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of apparatus and method for for preparing feed with cow dung.
Background technology
Ox is a ruminant, and the feed of eating into decomposes through the fermentation of bovine rumen microorganism, and a part of nutriment is absorbed and used, and another part nutriment can be excreted by the proteinic nitrogen of simple stomach animal use, microorganism and rumen fluid.According to surveying and determination, do in the cow dung and contain crude protein 10%-12%, crude fat 1%-3%, NFE 20%-30%, therefore crude fibre 15%-30% has certain feeding value.
In cow dung, have multiple microorganism, the various microorganisms that comprise various cellulose-decomposing bacterias, microbes of pectin discomposing, butyric and decompose other materials.
The method that cow dung is processed into feed is that cow dung is carried out silage fermentation.Its method is: with after cavings, wheat bran and other feed mix, compacting is sealed up for safekeeping and is fermented in the cellar for storing things of packing into, cylinder or the polybag with cow dung.Cow dung good palatability after the fermentation, other feed of alternative part, weightening finish is very fast after the pig feed.But boar, piglet generally should not be used the cow dung feed, and the addition in the finishing pigs diets is advisable with 10%-15%.Crude fibre in the cow dung is more, therefore will increase the amount of feeding gradually, and should not add too much.(referring to
Http:// www.agri.ac.cn/zxrx/MOREDATA1.ASP)
Chinese patent 95120635.4 discloses the method that a kind of cow dung anaerobic fermentation prepares feed.Particularly, make seasoning liquid with sodium carbonate, sodium acid carbonate, sodium chloride, add Chinese herbal medicine powder, above-mentioned substance is added anaerobic fermentation processing in the cow dung, crude protein content can reach 9.91% in the cow dung feed that is obtained.
Lee state congruence discloses and has a kind ofly prepared feed method (see " Qiqihar College of Light Industry journal " 1990, Vol.6 No.1 p.1-8) with cow dung.Disclose in this method in the cow dung that thermophilic flora preference temperature scope is 37--45 ℃ in the cellulose-decomposing bacteria,, be prepared into cow dung regenerative feedstuff finished product through to after cow dung preliminary treatment, fermentation, product separation, post processing, the drying.Handle cow dung after fermentation, wherein gross protein value reaches 10.01-14.48% after testing.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of new method of utilizing cattle manure to prepare regenerative feedstuff, to improve the nutritive value of regenerative feedstuff.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the pretreated cow dung two-step fermentation under high temperature 45--70 ℃ and low temperature 20--40 ℃ of two temperature respectively that will dewater obtains finished product after handling the regenerative feedstuff that obtains through routine.
For the present invention, the selection of temperature is important.Activation of microorganism and temperature have much relations, and certain that select different temperature to make to exist in the cow dung or certain quasi-microorganism have stronger activity, thereby can obtain ferment effect preferably.
Another crucial content is whole fermentation process under two kinds of different temperature among the present invention, and substep carries out.
According to embodiments of the invention, the optimum condition of fermenting twice of the present invention is high temperature 45--70 ℃ of condition bottom fermentation 5-10 days, then at low temperature 20-40 ℃, and condition bottom fermentation 2-4 days.
Preferred damp condition is that the humidity at hot fermentation is preferably 75-85%; The humidity of cold fermentation is preferably 65-75%.
Preferred condition is: the hot fermentation temperature is 55 ℃, and humidity is 80%, and fermentation time is 7-8 days, and the cold fermentation temperature is 32 ℃, and humidity is 70%, and fermentation time is 2 days.
In said method,, can obtain higher crude protein content if before fermentation, add suitable carbon nitrogen source.
According to embodiments of the invention, behind the adding 1--2:1.5 carbon nitrogen source, make the content of crude protein in the cow dung regenerative feedstuff of fermentation back can improve 23.9%.
According to embodiments of the invention, the fermentation of adding bacterial classification two step method further reduces the further raising of content and the content of cellulose of crude protein in the cow dung regenerative feedstuff of fermentation back.
In the present invention, because need heat supply in Zymolysis Equipment at fermentation stage, and the cow dung that the can be used in fermentation clean free of contamination bright cow dung of gathering just, the cow dung of pollution can not be used for fermenting and prepare feed.The present invention proposes when utilizing clean bright cattle manure to prepare feed, utilizes the cow dung of polluting to prepare biogas, and as the energy, produces steam heat supply in Zymolysis Equipment by methane boiler and supply wet.Like this, can effectively utilize cow dung, reduce the cost of implementing fermentation process provided by the present invention.The technology and the methane boiler technology of carrying out biogas fermentation with cow dung are existing.For example: " biogas technology enters farmers' " Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 1999.
For implementing the present invention, the invention also discloses a kind of equipment of implementing said method.
This equipment comprises a confined space, is provided with the fin that the polylith heat supply is used in this space, by temperature controller and magnetic valve, and the quantity of steam that control feeds; Be provided with one or more ponds that humidification is used in this space, the steam pipe that feeds in the pond arranged, and connect external blast pipe, by humidity controller and magnetic valve, control feeds the quantity of steam in pond; In this space, also be provided with and make the device that air flows in the space, on the wall in space, have vent window; In this space, also have and place support and the steel disk that needs fermentation usefulness; In this space, also be provided with temperature and humidity measuring instrument; On the wall of confined space, have for the door that picks and places the cow dung support.
What further specify is, needs cow dung being of fermentation to place in the fermentation dish on the support of multilayer.Can increase the amount of placing cow dung in the space like this.
Outside the space, two control device are installed, form by temperature and humidity controller (can select temperature controller and humidity controller separately for use or select warm and humid dual-purpose controller for use), magnetic valve and temperature and humidity measuring instrument.One of them control device is by temperature measuring equipment, temperature controller and be installed in solenoid control on the admission end steam pipe and enter quantity of steam in the fermenting cellar fin.Second control device is by humidity measuring instrument, humidity controller and be installed in solenoid control on the offgas duct and feed quantity of steam in the fermenting cellar pond.Such control device is can realize in the prior art.
Regenerative feedstuff with obtaining by the inventive method can obtain higher crude protein content than prior art, has the nutritive value of getting well, with the effect that it keeps fowls, poultry, fish obtain.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the plane of Zymolysis Equipment;
Fig. 2 is support and a steel disk schematic diagram of placing cow dung;
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of control device part.
The specific embodiment
Cow dung is fermented through two step method, measures the crude protein in its sample and the activity of crude fiber content and various enzymes.1 experiment material and method
1.1 the preparation of cattle manure material
Take by weighing preliminary treatment cow dung, pack into and cultivate in the porcelain basin, do not add or add an amount of water, the accent water content is 60%-70% (in the process that adds water, adjusting the pH value that is fit to), then it is stirred, and 2 repetitions are set.
1.2 fermentation process: two step method fermentation
1.2.1 do not add external bacterial classification two step method fermentation: first step hot fermentation temperature is 55 ℃, and humidity is 80%, and fermentation time is 7-10 days; The second step cold fermentation temperature is 32 ℃, and humidity is 70%, adds 5% wheat bran, and fermentation time is 2 days.The cow dung of getting the room temperature condition bottom fermentation in contrast.
1.2.2 add the fermentation of bacterial classification two step method: first step hot fermentation temperature is 55 ℃, and humidity is 80%, adds the plain bacterial classification of 5% high temperature fiber
*{ (Thermomonospora fusca, AB93039 is available from China typical culture collection center for thermomonospora fusca.), fermentation time is 7-10 days; The second step cold fermentation temperature is 32 ℃, and humidity is 70%, adds 5% wheat bran, 5% low temperature bacterial classification
*{ (Bacillus substitus 108 is available from Institute of Micro-biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for bacillus subtilis; Bacillus substitus BLS is provided by bioengineering institute of Agricultural University Of Hunan; Bacillus substitusBTS visits special biological pharmaceutical factory by the Hunan and is so kind as to give); Saccharomycete (Microzyme2.637,2.361,2.1001,2.616, available from Institute of Micro-biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.), fermentation time is 2 days.Get with under the fermentation condition, do not add bacterial classification in contrast.
*Strain name and saying are with reference to " the outstanding Bacteria Identification handbook of uncle, R.E. Buchanan, N.E. Ji Bensi chief editor, 1984, Science Press's (the 8th edition).
*Jay，J.M.The?tentative?recognition?of?psychrotrophic?Gram-negative?bacteria?in?48h?by?their?surface?growth?at?10℃.Int.J?Food?Microbiol.1987.4∶25-32
*http://www?wanfangdata.com.cn/qikan/periodical.Articles/swjs/swjs2000/0002/000211.htm
1.3 the mensuration of crude fiber content in the cattle manure material
1.3.1. the pre-treatment of fermentation material
Cultured fermentation is expected that 70 ℃ of oven dry pulverizing are dried to constant weight again in baking oven, for measuring.
1.3.2. crude fibre is measured in the fermentation material
1.3.2.1. assay method
1. acid treatment.Take by weighing 1～2g sample, accurately to 0.0001g, place the beaker in tall form of the boiler that disappears, add sulfuric acid solution 200ml and 1 n-octyl alcohol of having seethed with excitement, heating is seethed with excitement it in 2min immediately, and (30 ± 1) min that seethes with excitement continuously, note keeping sulfuric acid concentration constant, sample should not leave solution and be stained with on the bottle wall.Suction filtration subsequently, residue is drained after being washed till neutrality with the distilled water that boils.
2. alkali treatment.Accurately take by weighing sample 1-2g, add sodium hydroxide solution 200ml and 1 n-octyl alcohol of having seethed with excitement, heating is seethed with excitement it in 2min immediately, and continuous little boiling (30 ± 1) min, notes keeping naoh concentration constant.Sample liquid after treatment with the washing of 25ml sulfuric acid solution, is washed till neutrality with boiling water earlier with suction filtration on the Gooch crucible of the filter paper (weighing) that is covered with oven dry, with the washing of 15ml 95% ethanol, drains again, and filter paper is transferred in the crucible with residue.
3. oven dry, ashing.Crucible is put into baking oven, dry 2h in (130 ± 2) ℃ baking oven, take out the back and be cooled to room temperature in drier, weigh, calcination 30min in (550 ± 25) ℃ high temperature furnace weighs again, takes out the back and be cooled to room temperature in drier, weighs.
1.3.2.2. the calculating of measurement result
1. computing formula.The mark of crude fibre quality calculates by following formula in the sample.
In the formula: m---sample mass (g)
m
0---the quality (g) of filter paper
m
1---crucible and sample and filter paper residue quality (g) after (130 ± 2) ℃ oven dry
m
2---the residual grey quality of crucible and sample and filter paper (g) after (550 ± 25) ℃ calcination
2. repeated.Each sample should be got two parallel samples and measure, and is the result with its arithmetic mean of instantaneous value.
1.3.3. the computational methods of the relative degradation rate of crude fibre
1.4 Kjeldahl is measured crude protein
1.4.1. the pre-treatment of fermentation material
70 ℃ of oven dry in baking oven are expected in cultured fermentation, pulverize and dry again, for measuring to constant weight.
1.4.2. crude protein is measured
1.4.2.1, disappearing of sample boil, and takes by weighing sample 0.5g, accurately to 0.0001g, putting into disappears boils bottle and adds the 6.4g mixed catalyst, with sample mixed evenly after, add 12ml H again
2S0
4To disappear and boil bottle and place on the electric furnace and heat, begin little fire, treat sample coking, lather collapse after, strengthen firepower (360-410 ℃) again until being transparent blue-green, and then continue to heat 2h at least.
1.4.2.2, NH
3Distillation
To the conical flask of boric acid absorption liquid and indicator be housed, be placed on the condenser pipe end, installing disappears boils pipe, opens the alkali switch, boil to disappearing and to become black in the pipe, and close the alkali switch, and open air cock, liquid is become orange-yellow by pink to the conical flask, stop during to the trickle volume for 150ml, with distilled water flushing condenser pipe end, washing lotion all need flow in the conical flask, stops distillation then.
1.4.2.3, titration
Absorption liquid after distillation HCl standard solution titration, solution is terminal point by the orange-yellow pink that becomes.
1.4.2.4, blank determination
Taking by weighing sucrose 0.5g replaces sample to carry out blank determination
1.4.2.5. the result calculates
V
2: required standard liquid volume ml during the titration sample
V
1: when titration is blank, required standard liquid volume ml
C: hydrochloric acid standard solution concentration mol/l
M: sample mass g
0.0140: the quality of suitable with the 1mol HCl standard liquid N that represents with g.
6.25:N be converted into the mean coefficient of Br.
1.5 enzyme activity determination: 1. cellulase activity is measured, the DNS method; 2. protease assay, (Folin reagent method) 3. amylase activity are measured the DNS method.
2 results
2.1 protein, crude fibre measurement result
2.1.1 do not add bacterial classification two step method fermentation histone matter, crude fibre measurement result
Cow dung is passed through two step method ferment crude protein average out to 12.36% as can be seen from Table 1, compares in control group and has improved 30.1%, crude fiber content average out to 18.86%.Compare with control group and to have reduced by 19.1%.Show that the two step method fermentation energy significantly improves protein content and reduction content of cellulose in the fermented product.
Table 1 fermentation cow dung crude protein and crude fibre are measured
2.1.2 adding bacterial classification two step method fermentation histone matter, crude fibre measurement result see Table 2.
Cow dung adds bacterial classification by two step method ferment crude protein average out to 15.98% as can be seen from Table 2, compares in control group and has improved 38.56%, crude fiber content average out to 16.86%.Compare with control group and to have reduced by 32.95%.Show that the two step method fermentation energy significantly improves protein content and reduction content of cellulose in the fermented product.
Table 2 fermentation cow dung crude protein and crude fibre are measured
2.2 enzyme activity determination
Not the results are shown in Table 3 2.2.1 add bacterial classification two step method fermentation group enzyme activity determination
Cow dung is fermented by two step method as can be seen from Table 3, cellulose enzyme activity average out to 0.202IU/ml in the fermented product, and protease activity on average reaches 0.168IU/ml, and diastatic activity on average reaches 1.449IU/ml.Compare with control group and to be greatly improved.
Table 3 enzyme activity determination
The results are shown in Table 4 2.2.2 add bacterial classification two step method fermentation group enzyme activity determination
Cow dung adding bacterial classification ferments by two step method as can be seen from Table 4, and various enzymatic activity materials have further raising in the fermented product, cellulase activity 0.599IU/ml, and protease activity reaches 0.629IU/ml, diastatic activity 5.598IU/ml.Compare with control group and to be greatly improved.
Table 4 enzyme activity determination
The influence that different temperatures is fermented for the first time to cow dung
1 fermentation material preparation is with embodiment 1
2 fermentation process:
2.1 hot fermentation is provided with 50 ℃, and 55 ℃, 60 ℃ three temperature single-factor Processing Test, humidity is 80%, does not add strain fermentation, fermentation time is 7-10 days.Measure albumen and cellulosic content in the fermentation cow dung.
2.2 hot fermentation is provided with 50 ℃, and 55 ℃, 60 ℃ three temperature single-factor Processing Test, humidity is 80%, { (Thermomonospora fusca, AB 93039 is available from China typical culture collection center for thermomonospora fusca to add the plain bacterial classification of 5% high temperature fiber.), fermentation time is 7-10 days.Measure albumen and cellulosic content in the fermentation cow dung.
3 results
3.1 do not add of the influence of bacterial classification group temperature to fermentation
This experiment is provided with 50 ℃, and 55 ℃, 60 ℃ three temperature single-factor Processing Test are measured index evaluation ferment effects such as crude protein and cellulose.Show 50 ℃ from table 5 experimental result, 55 ℃, 60 ℃ of three Temperature Treatment cow dungs, crude fibre reduced rate wherein is respectively 18.1%, 28.5%, 21.6%; 50 ℃, 55 ℃, 60 ℃ of three Temperature Treatment cow dungs, the raising rate of albumen is respectively 10.3%, 14.3%, and all the cellulose reduced rate than 50 ℃ and 60 ℃ its products of fermentation is bigger for 12.5%, 55 ℃ of fermentation cow dung, and the albumen increment rate is higher, sees Table 5.
Table 5 different temperatures is to the influence of cow dung high temperature bacterium fermentation
3.2 add of the influence of bacterial classification group temperature to fermentation
The physiological requirement of the plain bacterium of this experimental basis high temperature fiber, be provided with 50 ℃, 55 ℃, 60 ℃ three temperature single-factor Processing Test are measured index evaluation ferment effects such as crude protein and cellulose and are shown 50 ℃, 55 ℃ from the table experimental result, 60 ℃ of three Temperature Treatment cow dungs, crude fibre reduced rate wherein is respectively 14.3%, 30.5%, 18.9%; 50 ℃, 55 ℃, 60 ℃ of three Temperature Treatment cow dungs, the raising rate of albumen is respectively 10.3%, 22.7%, and all the cellulose reduced rate than 50 ℃ and 60 ℃ its products of fermentation is bigger for 12.5%, 55 ℃ of fermentation cow dung, and the albumen increment rate is higher, sees Table 6.
Table 6 different temperatures is to the influence of cow dung high temperature bacterium fermentation
Add of the influence of different carbon nitrogen sources to the fermentation of cow dung high temperature bacterium
1 interpolation wheat bran polysaccharide carbon source and urea organic nitrogen source are to the influence of cattle manure
1.1 the preparation of fermentation material with embodiment 1, is added simultaneously and is pressed different proportion (10:0,10:1,10:1.5,10:2,10; 2.5) wheat bran polysaccharide carbon source and urea organic nitrogen source.
1.2 fermentation process
1.2.1 do not add the fermentation of bacterial classification group two step method, the hot fermentation temperature is 55 ℃, humidity is 80%, does not add bacterial classification, and fermentation time is 7-10 days.The second step cold fermentation temperature is 32 ℃, and humidity is 70%, fermentation time 2 days.
1.2.2 add the fermentation of bacterial classification group two step method, the hot fermentation temperature is 55 ℃, humidity is 80%, and { (Thermomonospora fusca, AB 93039, available from China typical culture collection center for thermomonospora fusca to add the plain bacterial classification of 5% high temperature fiber.), fermentation time is 7-10 days.The second step cold fermentation temperature is 32 ℃, adds 5% pyschrophile, and humidity is 70%, fermentation time 2 days.
1.3 result
1.3.1 do not add the influence of bacterial classification group interpolation wheat bran polysaccharide carbon source and urea organic nitrogen source to the fermentation of cow dung two step method
Result of the test sees Table 7, show and add the starch-polysaccharides carbon source in the cow dung promoting mycelial growth not obvious, but have certain effect to reducing cellulose and increasing percent protein, add 1-2% urea nitrogenous source to tangible effect being arranged to improving crude protein, to reducing crude fibre certain effect is also arranged, its effect is not remarkable to add 1% and 1.5% difference, effect reduction on the contrary more than 2%.
Table 7 adding wheat bran polysaccharide carbon source and urea organic nitrogen source are to the influence of cow dung high temperature bacterium fermentation
Annotate: ++ ++ expression mycelial growth situation is good, +++expression mycelial growth is general
1.3.2 add the influence of bacterial classification group interpolation wheat bran polysaccharide carbon source and urea organic nitrogen source to the fermentation of cow dung two step method
Result of the test sees Table 8, show and add the starch-polysaccharides carbon source in the cow dung promoting mycelial growth not obvious, but have certain effect to reducing cellulose and increasing percent protein, add 1-2% urea nitrogenous source to tangible effect being arranged to improving crude protein, to reducing crude fibre certain effect is also arranged, its effect is not remarkable to add 1% and 1.5% difference, effect reduction on the contrary more than 2%.
Table 8 adding wheat bran polysaccharide carbon source and urea organic nitrogen source are to the influence of cow dung high temperature bacterium fermentation
Annotate: ++ ++ expression mycelial growth situation is good, +++expression mycelial growth is general
2 interpolation sucrose (disaccharide) carbon sources and ammonium sulfate (inorganic) nitrogenous source (:) are to the influence of high temperature bacterium fermentation cow dung
2.1 the preparation of fermentation material is with embodiment 1, cow dung is added different proportion (1:1.5, the 1.5:1.5, (sucrose: ammonium sulfate) of carbon nitrogen source 2:1.5)
2.2 fermentation process
2.2.1 do not add the fermentation of bacterial classification group two step method, the hot fermentation temperature is 55 ℃, humidity is 80%, does not add bacterial classification, and fermentation time is 7-10 days.The second step cold fermentation temperature is 32 ℃, and humidity is 70%, fermentation time 2 days.
2.2.2 add the fermentation of bacterial classification group two step method, the hot fermentation temperature is 55 ℃, humidity is 80%, adds the plain bacterial classification of 5% high temperature fiber, and fermentation time is 7-10 days.The second step cold fermentation temperature is 32 ℃, adds 5% pyschrophile, and humidity is 70%, fermentation time 2 days.
2.3 result
Do not add the carbon nitrogen source of different proportion (sucrose: the influence that two step method is fermented ammonium sulfate) 2.3.1 add the bacterial classification group
Carbon nitrogen source (the sucrose: ammonium sulfate) carry out fermenting experiment of different proportion is added in this experiment to cow dung.Experimental result (seeing Table 9) shows: the carbon nitrogen source ratio is bigger to the influence that crude protein improves, and adds carbon source and nitrogen source fermentation with the ratio of 2%:1.5%, protein content increase rate maximum, and next of 1.5:1.5, that minimum is 1:1.5.Two step method fermentation back protein content raising rate is respectively 15.0%, 15.4%, 23.9%, and the also corresponding raising of cellulose reduced rate is respectively 20.3%, 22.4%, 26.1%.
Sucrose (disaccharide) carbon source of table 9 adding different proportion and ammonium sulfate (inorganic) nitrogenous source are to the influence of fermentation process cow dung
Add the carbon nitrogen source of different proportion (sucrose: the influence that two step method is fermented ammonium sulfate) 2.3.2 add the bacterial classification group
Carbon nitrogen source (the sucrose: ammonium sulfate) carry out fermenting experiment of different proportion is added in this experiment to cow dung.Experimental result (seeing Table 10) shows: the carbon nitrogen source ratio is bigger to the influence that crude protein improves, and adds carbon source and nitrogen source fermentation with the ratio of 2%:1.5%, protein content increase rate maximum, and next of 1.5:1.5, that minimum is 1:1.5.Two step method fermentation back protein content raising rate is respectively 22.0%, 22.4%, 23.9%, and the also corresponding raising of cellulose reduced rate is respectively 23.3%, 24.4%, 26.1%.
Sucrose (disaccharide) carbon source of table 10 adding different proportion and ammonium sulfate (inorganic) nitrogenous source are to the influence of fermentation process cow dung
Embodiment 4
Humidity is to the influence of fermentation.
The preparation of 1 fermentation material and with embodiment 1
2 fermentation process
2.1 do not add the fermentation of bacterial classification two step method, first step hot fermentation temperature is 55 ℃, does not add bacterial classification, fermentation time is 7-10 days; The second step cold fermentation temperature is 32 ℃, adds 5% wheat bran, and fermentation time is 2 days.And hot fermentation is provided with three humidity (65%, 75%, 85%) and cold fermentation is provided with three humidity (40%, 65%, 75%) single-factor processing experiment.
2.2 add the fermentation of bacterial classification two step method, first step hot fermentation temperature is 55 ℃, adds the plain bacterial classification of 5% high temperature fiber, fermentation time is 7-10 days; The second step cold fermentation temperature is 32 ℃, adds 5% wheat bran, and 5% low temperature bacterial classification, fermentation time are 2 days.And three humidity of hot fermentation (65%, 75%, 85%) and three humidity of cold fermentation (40%, 65%, 75%) single-factor are set handle experiment.
3 results
2.1 do not add of the influence of bacterial classification group humidity to the two step method fermentation
The two step method fermentation is fermented to cow dung, and changes damp condition, experimental data such as table 11.The result shows that hot fermentation humidity/cold fermentation humidity (%) is at 75/65,85/75 o'clock, and the raising rate of crude protein is respectively up to 26.8%, 25.9%.With control group, hot fermentation humidity/cold fermentation humidity (%) be 65/40 than increasing significantly, show that two step method fermentation humidity is advisable at 75-85/65-75, best hot fermentation humidity/cold fermentation humidity (%) condition is 80/70.
Table 11 humidity is to the influence of two step method cattle manure
2.2 add of the influence of bacterial classification group humidity to the two step method fermentation
The two step method fermentation is fermented to cow dung, and changes damp condition, experimental data such as table 12.The result shows that hot fermentation humidity/cold fermentation humidity (%) is at 75/65,85/75 o'clock, and the raising rate of crude protein is respectively up to 46.8%, 42.9%.With control group, hot fermentation humidity/cold fermentation humidity (%) be 65/40 than increasing significantly, show that two step method fermentation humidity is advisable at 75-85/65-75, best hot fermentation humidity/cold fermentation humidity (%) condition is 80/70.
Table 6 humidity is to the influence of two step method cattle manure
The formation of Zymolysis Equipment
Referring to accompanying drawing 1 to 2, for implementing the present invention, the applicant also provides a kind of special equipment.This equipment comprises a confined space 1, has on the sidewall of confined space 1 for the door 8 that picks and places cow dung, the closeable ventilating opening 7 that supplies ventilation to use.Be provided with fin 10 on this confined space 1 inwall, an end of fin 10 communicates with the vapour source of outside by steam electromagnetic valve 14, screen pack 13, steam reducing valve 12, and the other end communicates with steam pipe 3; Be provided with a pond 2 in confined space 1, the end of steam pipe 3 connects fog-spray nozzle in pond 2, is provided with blast pipe 9 outside the case on the pipeline before steam pipe 3 feeds the pond, and blast pipe 9 is provided with steam electromagnetic valve 15.Also be provided with fan 4 in this space 1, fan 4 is arranged on the top in pond 2.2 both sides also have placement to need the cow dung support 5 of fermentation in the pond, and support 5 is a sandwich construction, and for placing fermentation dish usefulness, cow dung places the fermentation dish.In this space 1, also be provided with temperature measuring equipment 6 and humidity measuring instrument 11.
See Fig. 3, control section is by intelligent temperature control humidity-control instrument 16, magnetic valve 15,14, and relay 17,18 and sensor (temperature measuring equipment 6 and humidity measuring instrument 11) are formed.The output of each sensor is connected with the data input pin of intelligent temperature control humidity-control instrument 16, and the output of intelligent temperature control humidity-control instrument 16 is connected with magnetic valve.Intelligent temperature control temperature controller 16 is four directions, the Changchun instrument SF of a Co., Ltd series intelligent temperature control temperature controller in the present embodiment.
The humidity temperature control effect of fermentation
1 Zymolysis Equipment temperature stability is measured: according to the fermentation condition of cow dung feed, in the test temperature value is set in 51 ℃-55 ℃. Pass into Steam Heating, after its temperature is raised to 55 ℃, cut off the power supply of temperature control magnetic valve by temperature controller, steam off, fermentation indoor air temperature slow decreasing is when being down to 51 ℃, turn on the power switch again power supply, again pass into steam, the fermentation indoor temperature is raise again. So repeatedly, the mobility scale of temperature is controlled at 4 ℃. And carrying out indoor fully ventilation at per 4 hours once, each time of exchanging gas is 10 minutes. By repetition test, in 24 hours, temperature all changes in setting range, has shown good stability. Repeated test three times has all obtained satisfied result, has illustrated that the Zymolysis Equipment of this research institute design has good stability aspect temperature control, is very easy to sweat.
2 Zymolysis Equipment humidity stabilities are measured: according to the fermentation condition of cow dung feed, humidity is set between the 75%-80%. Tail vapour by utilizing steam is wet to supplying in the fermenting case, when humidity reaches the peak 80% of setting, opens the switch of damping magnetic valve by humidity controller, opens drainpipe, and it is outdoor to allow tail gas discharge, and does not enter in the casing; When humidity dropped to the minimum threshold values 75% of humidity, humidity controller was closed again the power supply of damping magnetic valve, made magnetic valve be closure state, and tail steam enters into again in the casing, to the indoor humidification that carries out. So repeatedly, make humidity be controlled at allowed band 5% interior change. Reached the purpose of humidity in the regulating box. Through three repetition tests in front and back, in 24 hours, humidity can both be stabilized in to set in the humidity range and change, and has good stability.
Claims (6)
1. the method for preparing feed with cow dung, comprise the steps: through the pretreated cow dung fermenting twice under high temperature 45--70 ℃ and low temperature 20--40 ℃ of two temperature respectively of dewatering, the time of described two temperature conditions bottom fermentations was respectively high temperature 8-10 days, low temperature 2-4 days, the humidity of hot fermentation was preferably 75-85%; The humidity of cold fermentation is preferably 65-75%, obtains finished product behind the regenerative feedstuff that the routine processing obtains.
2. according to claim 1ly prepare the method for feed with cow dung, it is characterized in that preferred condition is that the hot fermentation temperature is 55 ℃, humidity is 80%, and fermentation time is 7 days; The cold fermentation temperature is 32 ℃, and humidity is 70%, and fermentation time is 2 days.
3. describedly prepare the method for feed with cow dung according to claim 1, one of 2, the ratio that it is characterized in that adding carbon nitrogen source is (1%--2%) of gross weight: 1.5%.
4. describedly prepare the method for feed according to claim 1, one of 2, it is characterized in that the thermal source of controlling fermentation temperature takes to obtain through the methane-generating pit fermentation with contaminated cow dung with cow dung.
5. describedly prepare the method for feed according to claim 1, one of 2, it is characterized in that having inoculated the plain bacterial classification of high temperature fiber, inoculated the low temperature bacterial classification in the cold fermentation stage in the hot fermentation stage with cow dung.
6. according to claim 5ly prepare the method for feed with cow dung, it is characterized in that the plain bacterium of said high temperature fiber is a thermomonospora fusca, pyschrophile is a bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete.
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| CN105876077A (en) * | 2015-01-04 | 2016-08-24 | 刘令 | Manufacture method of feed by ruminant domestic animal manure |
| CN105981944A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-10-05 | 松桃天农养殖场 | Method for preparing cattle feed by taking cattle dung as raw material |
| CN105941887A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-09-21 | 松桃天农养殖场 | Method for preparing cattle feed from pig manure |
| CN105851480A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-08-17 | 松桃天农养殖场 | Method for preparing cattle fodder with sheep dung as raw material |
| CN105941888A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-09-21 | 松桃天农养殖场 | Method for preparing cattle feed from chicken manure |
| CN108576413B (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2021-06-15 | 塔里木大学 | Method for improving meat flavor of Duolang mutton |
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Assignee: Yueyang Kangda feedstuff Co., Ltd. Assignor: Hunan Prov. Research Inst. of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Contract record no.: 2011430000090 Denomination of invention: Apparatus and method for producing feedstuff by cattle manure Granted publication date: 20100929 License type: Exclusive License Open date: 20080312 Record date: 20110627 |
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