CN106578420A - Fermentation feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fermentation feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106578420A CN106578420A CN201611176851.7A CN201611176851A CN106578420A CN 106578420 A CN106578420 A CN 106578420A CN 201611176851 A CN201611176851 A CN 201611176851A CN 106578420 A CN106578420 A CN 106578420A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention relates to biological fermentation feed and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps of S1, preparing fermentation raw materials according to the proportion, wherein the fermentation raw materials comprise corn, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, bran and rice bran; S2, activating strains; inoculating bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus paracasei and yeast into a bacterium liquid activating tank to be activated according to weight parts; S3, performing mixed fermentation; uniformly mixing the activated strains and the fermentation raw materials according to the weight ratio; adding water to enable the humidity of a mixed sample to be 40 to 60 percent; charging the materials into a fermentation tank to perform sealed and constant-temperature fermentation; S4, moving fermented feed out of the fermentation tank; performing low-temperature drying. Through miscellaneous meal fermentation by composite bacteria, the goals of efficiently converting and degrading miscellaneous meal anti-nutrition factors, producing the fermentation feed with high nutrition value and high palatability, improving the miscellaneous meal utilization rate and reducing the feed production cost are achieved. In addition, the low-temperature drying is used, so that probiotics and metabolites thereof in the feed are remained; the intestinal tract environment of fed animals can be improved; the morbidity is reduced. The invention also provides the fermentation feed prepared by the method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biological feedstuff technical field, and in particular to a kind of fermented feed and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
China is all the time animal husbandry big country in the world and Feed Manufacturing big country, and Chinese feedstuff total output in 2015 is again
Hit new peak, break through 200,000,000 tons, occupy the whole world the first.Simultaneously China is again feed consumption big country, and animal husbandry and feed industry increase continuously and healthily
It is long, but but there is the situation that seriously supply falls short of demand in the feed resource of high-quality, constrain sending out for China's animal husbandry and feed industry
Exhibition.Simultaneously China is again traditional agricultural planting big country, and China's cotton rapeseed cake annual production can reach 13,000,000 tons, other miscellaneous dregs of rice yield
Reach 8,000,000 tons, due to the various antinutritional factor contents that these grouts resources contain it is higher, can to growth of animal, development and
Breeding etc. produces obvious harmful effect, therefore cannot sufficiently utilize.In the face of increasingly serious animal husbandry and people strive grain and
Animal husbandry development is developed unconventional water resources resource by the serious situation for limiting of feedstuff supply, improves the utilization of feedstuff
Rate is extremely urgent.
Biological fermentation feed common in the market has fermented bean cake etc., and bean cake, Semen Maydiss etc. are letting animals feed daily rations
In key component, after fermentation, fodder energy is not improved, and is reduced on the contrary；Common fermented feed product drying mistake
Cheng Zhong, due to high temperature drying, the probiotic bacteria and its product in fermented feed is subject to compared with havoc, have impact on the local flavor of fermented feed
And nutritive value.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome drawbacks described above, a kind of fermented feed of the invention and preparation method thereof.
The preparation method of the fermented feed of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
S1 prepares fermentation raw material, and fermentation raw material described by weight includes Semen Maydiss 20-40 parts, cottonseed meal 20-30 parts, rapeseed cake
20-30 parts, wheat bran 10-25 parts, Testa oryzae 10-40 parts；
S2 activated spawns, by weight by bacillus subtilises 10-20 parts, Bacillus licheniformis 10-20 parts, plant breast
Bacillus 10-25 parts, Lactobacillus paracasei 10-30 parts, yeast 20-40 parts are accessed in bacterium liquid activation tank and are activated；
S3 mixed fermentations, by the strain for having activated with the fermentation raw material by weight 1：10-20 mix homogeneously, plus
Water makes the humidity of aggregate sample in 40-60%, is fitted into closed ferment at constant temperature in fermenting case, in temperature 20-25 DEG C bottom fermentation 48-72h；
And
S4 is dried, and the feedstuff after fermentation is removed into the fermenting case cold drying, is dried terminal feedstuff water content 10-12%
(weight).
The S1 steps also include for the fermentation raw material putting into screening plant, remove impurity in material；Then, will be described
Fermentation raw material carries out coarse powder essence, and grinding particle size is 10-20 mesh.
Low-temperature boiling fluid bed cold drying is adopted in the S4 steps, cooling medium is natural air, and material is cooled down
To not higher than 5 DEG C of room temperature.
Temperature of charge is controlled at 40-50 DEG C during cold drying described in the S4 steps.
The fermented feed of the present invention, is obtained by above-mentioned preparation method.
Crude protein content 30-40% (weight) in the fermented feed.
Sour molten albumen accounts for the 10-15% (weight) of crude protein content in the fermented feed.
Thioglycoside degradation rate >=60% in the fermented feed.
Free gossypol degradation rate >=70% in the fermented feed.
The granularity of the fermented feed is 40-60 mesh.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is by compound bacteria-fermented miscellaneous dregs of rice, reach the anti-nutrition of Efficient Conversion degraded miscellaneous dregs of rice because
Son, production is of high nutritive value, the fermented feed of good palatability, improves the utilization rate of miscellaneous dregs of rice, reduces Feed Manufacturing cost.Separately
Outward, the present invention more remains probiotic bacteria therein and its metabolite using cold drying, such that it is able to improve feeding
Animal intestinal environment, reduces sickness rate.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is elaborated with reference to specific embodiment.
The preparation method of the fermented feed of the present invention comprises the steps：S1 prepares fermentation raw material step；S2 activated spawns
Step；S3 mixed fermentation steps；And S4 drying steps.However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the preparation side of the present invention
Method is not intended to be limited to above-mentioned steps, in addition to the steps described above, can also include other steps.
Hereinafter, above-mentioned operation S1～S4 is illustrated.
S1 prepares fermentation raw material
Fermentation raw material, including Semen Maydiss, cottonseed meal, rapeseed cake, wheat bran and Testa oryzae.Wherein by weight, Semen Maydiss in fermentation raw material
20-40 parts, cottonseed meal 20-30 parts, rapeseed cake 20-30 parts, wheat bran 10-25 parts and Testa oryzae 10-40 parts.
First the fermentation raw material of said components is put into into screening plant, impurity is removed in material then, by the proferment
Material carries out coarse powder essence, and grinding particle size is 10-20 mesh.
Can also include carrying out high-temperature sterilization step to fermentation raw material before fermentation.
S2 activated spawns
Composite bacteria includes bacillus subtilises, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei and yeast
Bacterium.By weight, composite bacteria includes bacillus subtilises 10-20 parts, Bacillus licheniformis 10-20 parts, Lactobacillus plantarum 10-
25 parts, Lactobacillus paracasei 10-30 parts and yeast 20-40 parts.
Composite bacteria is accessed in bacterium liquid activation tank and is activated, the level meter measuring tank amount of falling into a trap is sent into after activation.
S3 mixed fermentations
By the composite bacteria for having activated and fermentation raw material by weight 1：10-20 mix homogeneously, adding water makes the wet of aggregate sample
Degree is fitted into closed ferment at constant temperature in fermenting case, in temperature 20-25 DEG C bottom fermentation 48-72h in 40-60%.
S4 is dried
Feedstuff after fermentation is removed into fermenting case cold drying, terminal feedstuff water content 10-12% (weight) is dried.
Cold drying adopts low-temperature boiling fluid bed, and cooling medium is natural air, and material is cooled to into not higher than room temperature 5
℃.Temperature of charge is controlled at 40-50 DEG C when being dried.
Finally, the fermented feed after cool drying is delivered at pulverizer, raw meal particle size is controlled in 40-60 mesh.
Specific embodiment is as follows：
Embodiment 1
By weight by bacterial strain uses therefor be 10 parts of bacillus subtilises, 15 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 25 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum,
10 parts of Lactobacillus paracasei, 40 parts of yeast are mixed, and are placed in bacterium liquid activation tank and are activated, and liquid meter is delivered to after activation
Bacterium solution volume is measured in tank.
20 parts of raw materials used Semen Maydiss, 20 parts of cottonseed meal, 25 parts of rapeseed cake, 10 parts of wheat bran, 40 parts of Testa oryzae are put into by weight
Raw material screening device, removes the impurity such as bulk, rope form, irony in material.To send through the material Semen Maydiss of remove impurity, cottonseed meal, rapeseed cake
Crushed to pulverizer, grinding particle size is 10-20 mesh.By the material mixing through crushing and not crushing.
By the hybrid bacterial strain for having activated and fermentation raw material by weight 1:20 mix homogeneously, adding water makes the humidity of aggregate sample exist
40%, the strain and material after mix homogeneously is put into it is closed in fermenting case, by fermenting case be put in ferment at constant temperature room ferment, temperature
At 20 DEG C, ferment 48h for degree control.
Feedstuff after the completion of fermentation is removed into ferment at constant temperature room, fermented feed is moved into into low temperature boiling using high inclination angle conveyer
In rising bed, temperature control is dried terminal fermented feed water content 10% at 45 DEG C in dry run.
Obtain being dried after fermented feed, be delivered at cooling bed, material is cooled to into not higher than 5 DEG C of room temperature, cool down
It is to be comminuted that fermented feed afterwards is delivered to finished bin, and grinding particle size is controlled in 40-60 mesh.
Embodiment 2
By weight by bacterial strain uses therefor be 12 parts of bacillus subtilises, 15 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 22 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum,
20 parts of Lactobacillus paracasei, 35 parts of yeast are mixed, and are placed in bacterium liquid activation tank and are activated, and liquid meter is delivered to after activation
Bacterium solution volume is measured in tank.
35 parts of raw materials used Semen Maydiss, 23 parts of cottonseed meal, 24 parts of rapeseed cake, 18 parts of wheat bran, 30 parts of Testa oryzae are put into by weight
Raw material screening device, removes the impurity such as bulk, rope form, irony in material.To send through the material Semen Maydiss of remove impurity, cottonseed meal, rapeseed cake
Crushed to pulverizer, grinding particle size is 10-20 mesh.By the material mixing through crushing and not crushing.
By the hybrid bacterial strain for having activated and fermentation raw material by weight 1:15 mix homogeneously, adding water makes the humidity of aggregate sample exist
45%, the strain and material after mix homogeneously is put into it is closed in fermenting case, by fermenting case be put in ferment at constant temperature room ferment, temperature
At 20-25 DEG C, ferment 60h for degree control.
Feedstuff after the completion of fermentation is removed into ferment at constant temperature room, fermented feed is moved into into low temperature boiling using high inclination angle conveyer
In rising bed, temperature control is dried terminal fermented feed water content 10% at 45 DEG C in dry run.
Obtain being dried after fermented feed, be delivered at cooling bed, material is cooled to into not higher than 5 DEG C of room temperature, cool down
It is to be comminuted that fermented feed afterwards is delivered to finished bin, and grinding particle size is controlled in 40-60 mesh.
Embodiment 3
By weight by bacterial strain uses therefor be 15 parts of bacillus subtilises, 20 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 20 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum,
30 parts of Lactobacillus paracasei, 30 parts of yeast are mixed, and are placed in bacterium liquid activation tank and are activated, and liquid meter is delivered to after activation
Bacterium solution volume is measured in tank.
30 parts of raw materials used Semen Maydiss, 25 parts of cottonseed meal, 30 parts of rapeseed cake, 20 parts of wheat bran, 25 parts of Testa oryzae are put into by weight
Raw material screening device, removes the impurity such as bulk, rope form, irony in material.To send through the material Semen Maydiss of remove impurity, cottonseed meal, rapeseed cake
Crushed to pulverizer, grinding particle size is 10-20 mesh.By the material mixing through crushing and not crushing.
By the hybrid bacterial strain for having activated and fermentation raw material by weight 1:10 mix homogeneously, adding water makes the humidity of aggregate sample exist
50%, the strain and material after mix homogeneously is put into it is closed in fermenting case, by fermenting case be put in ferment at constant temperature room ferment, temperature
At 20-25 DEG C, ferment 60h for degree control.
Feedstuff after the completion of fermentation is removed into ferment at constant temperature room, fermented feed is moved into into low temperature boiling using high inclination angle conveyer
In rising bed, temperature control is dried terminal fermented feed water content 10% at 45 DEG C in dry run.
Obtain being dried after fermented feed, be delivered at cooling bed, material is cooled to into not higher than 5 DEG C of room temperature, cool down
It is to be comminuted that fermented feed afterwards is delivered to finished bin, and grinding particle size is controlled in 40-60 mesh.
Embodiment 4
By weight by bacterial strain uses therefor be 20 parts of bacillus subtilises, 10 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 10 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum,
25 parts of Lactobacillus paracasei, 20 parts of yeast are mixed, and are placed in bacterium liquid activation tank and are activated, and liquid meter is delivered to after activation
Bacterium solution volume is measured in tank.
40 parts of raw materials used Semen Maydiss, 30 parts of cottonseed meal, 20 parts of rapeseed cake, 25 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of Testa oryzae are put into by weight
Raw material screening device, removes the impurity such as bulk, rope form, irony in material.To send through the material Semen Maydiss of remove impurity, cottonseed meal, rapeseed cake
Crushed to pulverizer, grinding particle size is 10-20 mesh.By the material mixing through crushing and not crushing.
By the hybrid bacterial strain for having activated and fermentation raw material by weight 1:15 mix homogeneously, adding water makes the humidity of aggregate sample exist
60%, the strain and material after mix homogeneously is put into it is closed in fermenting case, by fermenting case be put in ferment at constant temperature room ferment, temperature
At 20-25 DEG C, ferment 72h for degree control.
Feedstuff after the completion of fermentation is removed into ferment at constant temperature room, fermented feed is moved into into low temperature boiling using high inclination angle conveyer
In rising bed, temperature control is dried terminal fermented feed water content 10% at 45 DEG C in dry run.
Obtain being dried after fermented feed, be delivered at cooling bed, material is cooled to into not higher than 5 DEG C of room temperature, cool down
It is to be comminuted that fermented feed afterwards is delivered to finished bin, and grinding particle size is controlled in 40-60 mesh.
The fermented feed of above example is detected, the examination of detection side is as follows：
1) measure of crude protein content
Crude protein content in fermented feed is determined according to the method that GB/T6432-94 specifies.
2) measure of sour molten protein content
The method specified according to GB/T2653-2004 determines the content of sour molten albumen in fermented feed.
3) thioglycoside degradation rate is determined
Method determines the content of thioglycoside in fermented feed according to specified in NY/T1582-2007 standards.
4) measure of free gossypol content
Gossypol content method according to specified in GB/T5009.148-2014 of dissociating in fermented feed is measured.
Result after detection, such as table 1.
The fermented feed testing result of embodiment 1-4 of table 1
Activity degree assessment experiment
With reference to the embodiment 1-4 explanation present invention in terms of Germ-free mouse model assessment, evaluating in vitro and live pig fattening
Positive application.
1. laboratory animal and process
Pig source flora mouse model feeds respectively fermented feed (addition 50g-100g/kg), normal diet (addition
50g-100g/kg), normal feedstuff
Main agents and instrument:
DNA extraction kit, culture medium, in vitro chemostat, PCR amplification instrument, ultra cold storage freezer (- 80 DEG C), ultra-clean work
Platform, microscope etc.
2. activity in vivo factor evaluation
With pig source flora mouse model as laboratory animal, by 16S rRNA detection methods, detection fermented feed is to intestinal
The positively or negatively regulating and controlling effect of flora.
2.1 laboratory animals and process
30 mices (6 week old, male and female half and half) are divided into into 3 groups, 10 per group.Control group fed normal feedstuff, the feeding of A groups
Normal feedstuff+fermented feed, B groups feeding normal feedstuff+normal diet.
2.2 sample collection
Feed after feedstuff the 4th week per group periodically take its fresh excreta sample (3 parts) and take pictures, loaded on the aseptic EP pipes of 2mL in,
Cold storage is stand-by in -80 DEG C.
2.3 DNA extraction
Stool in mice 20mg is taken, in 2mL screw socket pipes, 700 μ L lysates is added；Referring in particular to the feces genome of Tiangeng
The explanation of DNA extraction kit is carried out.
2.4 16S rRNA are sequenced
Per group of 3 repetitions, totally 9 sample sequencings.
3. external activity factor evaluation
In vitro chemostat with Pigs Inoculated intestinal microbial population as model, by 16S rRNA detection methods, ferment by detection addition
Positively or negatively regulating and controlling effect of the feedstuff to intestinal microbial population.
3.1 in vitro chemostat packets and process
Using 3 sets of in vitro Chemostat Models, it is divided into blank control group, fermented feed group, normal diet group, isolated model connects
After boar intestinal microbial population 14d, fermented feed group addition fermented feed 2.5g, normal diet group addition normal diet 2.5g, continuously
Effect 8 days.
3.2 sample collection
After feces inoculation fermentation tank, after 8 days culture fluid is gathered, loaded on the aseptic EP pipes of 2mL in, cold storage is stand-by in -80 DEG C, use
In Bacterial community analysis.
3.3 DNA extraction and 16S rDNA are sequenced
Method is with 2.3 and 2.4.
4. experimental result
It is sequenced by 16S rDNA, reflects evolutionary relationship and community diversity between species composition, the species of group.Fermentation
Feedstuff has positive activation to intestinal microbial population：
(1) abundance of the beneficial symbiosis flora such as Bacteroidess, fusobacterium, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacilluss is raised, and is made altogether
Raw bacterium accounts for overwhelming dominance；
(2) abundance of the conditionality pathogenic bacterium such as Enterococcus, Enterobacter is lowered；
(3) the external source pathogenic flora such as Salmonella and pathogenic escherichia coli category disappears.
Growing and fattening experimental evaluation
Test pig：For the white DABAI two-way cross ablactational baby pig of length
Test method：Selective body focuses on 65-70k hybridization ablactational baby pig 180, is randomly divided into 5 treatment groups, respectively tries
Group and matched group are tested, 1 repetition of each treatment group, each repeats 36 pigs, feeds in same hurdle, the test group feeding present invention
New bio feedstuff, control group fed normal diet, pig house is periodically sterilized according to conventinal breeding management during whole test
And immunity.The feeding of viewing test pig daily, health and active situation, keep track of the situation of each test pig, carry out the date
With body weight record.Wherein test group feeding weight ratio is 9：1 basal diet and the fermented feed of embodiment 1-4, matched group is only
Feeding basal diet.Basal diet is commercially available prod, and wherein nutrient composition content is as follows：Thick protein >=16.5%, coarse ash
≤ 8%, crude fibre≤4%, total unicorn >=0.6%, calcium=0.7-1%, Sodium Chloride=0.3-0.8%, lysine >=1.1%.
Result of the test such as table 2.
Table 2 tests pig production performance
As shown in Table 2, in terms of average daily gain, embodiment 3 obtains effect better than other three groups of embodiments in test group,
Average daily gain is 995g/ heads, and matched group is 866g/ heads, and test group improves 14.89%, causes cost test group than matched group
7.60% is reduced than matched group；From the point of view of test piglet outward appearance, the test group for feeding the biological feedstuff of the present invention is more common than feeding
The matched group skin of feedstuff is more ruddy, and hair color is more glossy.
Certainly, the present invention can also have other various embodiments, ripe in the case of without departing substantially from spirit of the invention and its essence
Know those skilled in the art and work as and various corresponding changes and deformation, but these corresponding changes and change can be made according to the present invention
Shape should all belong to the protection domain of appended claims of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of fermented feed, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
S1 prepares fermentation raw material, and fermentation raw material described by weight includes Semen Maydiss 20-40 parts, cottonseed meal 20-30 parts, rapeseed cake 20-
30 parts, wheat bran 10-25 parts, Testa oryzae 10-40 parts；
S2 activated spawns, by weight by bacillus subtilises 10-20 parts, Bacillus licheniformis 10-20 parts, Lactobacillus plantarum
10-25 parts, Lactobacillus paracasei 10-30 parts, yeast 20-40 parts are accessed in bacterium liquid activation tank and are activated；
S3 mixed fermentations, by the strain for having activated with the fermentation raw material by weight 1：10-20 mix homogeneously, adding water makes
The humidity of aggregate sample is fitted into closed ferment at constant temperature in fermenting case in 40-60%, in temperature 20-25 DEG C bottom fermentation 48-72h；And
S4 is dried, and the feedstuff after fermentation is removed into the fermenting case cold drying, is dried terminal feedstuff water content 10-12% (weight
Amount).
2. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the S1 steps also include throwing the fermentation raw material
Enter screening plant, remove impurity in material；Then, the fermentation raw material is carried out into coarse powder essence, grinding particle size is 10-20 mesh.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that low using low-temperature boiling fluid bed in the S4 steps
Temperature is dried, and cooling medium is natural air, and material is cooled to into not higher than 5 DEG C of room temperature.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that material temperature during cold drying described in the S4 steps
Degree control is at 40-50 DEG C.
5. a kind of fermented feed, it is characterised in that the system of fermented feed fermented feed by described in any one of claim 1-5
Preparation Method is obtained.
6. fermented feed according to claim 5, it is characterised in that crude protein content 30-40% in the fermented feed
(weight).
7. fermented feed according to claim 5, it is characterised in that sour molten albumen accounts for crude protein and contains in the fermented feed
The 10-15% (weight) of amount.
8. fermented feed according to claim 5, it is characterised in that thioglycoside degradation rate in the fermented feed
>=60%.
9. fermented feed according to claim 5, it is characterised in that free gossypol degradation rate in the fermented feed >=
70%.
10. fermented feed according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the granularity of the fermented feed is 40-60 mesh.
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| CN107439475A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-08 | 安徽王家坝生态农业有限公司 | A kind of cultural method for reducing pork veterinary drug residue |
| CN108576374A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-09-28 | 锦州德润饲料有限公司 | Fermented feed raw material and preparation method thereof, purposes and the complete feed comprising it |
| CN110499247A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-11-26 | 青岛科洋水产技术研究有限公司 | A kind of process equipment and processing method of algae reproduction nutrient powder |
| CN113973978A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2022-01-28 | 塔里木大学 | Red date cottonseed meal fermented feed capable of effectively reducing content of free gossypol and preparation method thereof |
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