CN101052961A - 用于进行非接触式支付卡交易的方法和*** - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种增强用于在消费者与商家之间进行的电子支付交易的非接触式支付设备的功能可互操作性的***和方法。非接触式支付设备包括签发给消费者的嵌有RFID的卡和由商家使用的诸如可使用RFID的读卡器的接近式耦合设备。该***和方法涉及使用基准卡和基准读卡器以分别建立所发卡和所使用的读卡器的可接受规范。基准卡和基准读卡器被交叉校准以关联卡和读卡器的工作规范。对卡和读卡器功能的重叠的规范范围或容差的适当选择会增强所发卡与所使用的读卡器的可互操作性,以及所使用的读卡器与所发卡的可互操作性。
Description
对相关申请的交叉引用
本申请声明对2004年7月15日提交的美国临时专利申请No.60/588,270的优先权。本申请还相关于同一天共同提交的序列号为____、____、____和____的美国专利申请,这些申请都声明对前述专利申请No.60/588,270的优先权。所有前述专利申请都通过引用全部结合于此。
背景技术
射频标识(RFID)标签是与天线相连的小型集成电路(IC),这些RFID标签可取决于IC的大小用简单标识信息、或用更复杂的信号对询问RF信号作出响应。RFID技术不需要接触或瞄准线来进行通信。射频标识(RFID)技术现在是经济可行的,并且在越来越多的工商业应用中使用。例如,RFID技术现在被广泛用于仓库、商店中商品上的标签、ID卡或门卡等。此外,RFID技术已经以嵌有RFID标签的“非接触式”支付卡或***的形式(例如由MasterCard、American Express和Visa)引入到支付卡行业。这些非接触式支付卡可用来经由无线通信与可用RFID的支付终端进行电子支付交易。非接触式支付卡可向消费者提供支付例如零售店、商店或超市中的商品和服务的简单、快速和便捷的方法。
若干RFID技术可用于非接触式支付卡和读卡器/终端。非接触式***的基本组件是非接触式读卡器(或接近式耦合设备(PCD))和应答器。该非接触式读卡器是与电子电路相连的天线。应答器由电感性天线和与该天线的端部相连的集成电路构成。该组合读卡器-应答器用作变压器。交流电流经产生磁场的初级线圈(读卡器天线),该磁场在次级线圈(应答器天线)中感生电流。应答器将由非接触式读卡器(PCD)发出的电磁场(或RF场)通过二极管整流器转换成DC电压。该DC电压使应答器的内部电路上电。两个天线的配置和调谐确定从一个设备到另一个设备的耦合效率。该应答器可以是非接触式支付卡。
为了使非接触式支付卡***经济可行并获得商业承认,即使卡和终端具有专用于特定卡供应商/发卡行、供货商或终端制造商的技术特征,非接触式支付卡也必须在所有或大多数可用RFID的支付终端上可互操作。需要行业范围的可互操作性。为此,行业标准组织和团体(例如国际标准组织(ISO)和国际电子技术委员会(IEC))已制定了用于实现非接触式支付技术的非官方行业标准。已由ISO/IEC定义的三种这样的示例性标准是可分别用于紧密耦合(Close Coupling)、接近式(Proximity)和邻近式(Vicinity)卡的ISO/IEC 10536、ISO/IEC 14443、以及ISO/IEC15693标准。
ISO/IEC 14443接近式卡的标准(ISO 14443)已用于世界范围内若干非接触式卡的使用。ISO 14443接近式卡的目标工作范围最大达10厘米,尽管该范围会取决于功率要求、存储器大小、CPU和协处理器而变化。
ISO 14443标准文档具有4个不同部分。
·部分1:物理特征,定义接近式集成电路卡(PICC)的物理尺寸。该卡为ID-1尺寸(85.6mm×54.0mm×.76mm)。这是与银行***相同的尺寸。
·部分2:射频功率和信号接口,定义非接触式IC芯片的关键技术特征,包括诸如频率、数据速率、调制和位编码过程。在部分2中详述了两种变体-A类接口和B类接口。它们都在相同频率下工作并使用相同数据速率,但它们的不同之处在于调制和位编码范畴。
·部分3:初始化和防冲突。初始化描述对接近式耦合设备(PCD)(即读卡器)和卡的要求,以在卡进入读卡器的射频(RF)场时建立通信。防冲突定义当多个卡同时进入磁场时会发生什么,从而标识***如何确定在交易中要使用哪张卡,并确保所出现的所有卡已被盘存和处理。
·部分4:传输协议,定义能在交易期间启用通信的数据格式和数据元。
为了使非接触式支付卡和读卡器的***能顺应于ISO 14443,它们必须符合非官方标准的至少一些部分的要求。除了根据ISO 14443标准化的非接触式技术,众多专用非接触式接口也在行业中使用(例如Cubic的GO-Card和Sony的Felica卡)。随着现有卡技术的使用,互操作性会变成一个问题。由供应商在市场中使用的读卡器最好应适用若干不同的卡的类型。例如,期望的读卡器将支持ISO 14443类型A和类型B卡、ISO 15693卡和任何其它专用卡类型。
甚至对于可能顺应于单个ISO标准(例如ISO 14443)的卡的使用,也会产生可互操作性问题。在ISO 14443标准中,与非接触式卡和读卡器***中的RF功率和信号接口(即***的开放式***互连(OSI)模型视图中的物理层)相关的所有要求或规范使用对卡和对读卡器分别标准化的测试来定义。ISO/IEC 10373标准部分6(ISO 10373-6)涉及专用于非接触式集成电路卡技术(接近式卡)的测试方法。非接触式卡和读取器对于ISO 14443的顺应性使用基准设备来校验。根据ISO10373-6,代表非接触式卡的特征的一套“基准”卡被用于测量非接触式读卡器的规范顺应性。(参见例如图1a。)例如,基准PICC被用来测试由PCD产生或发送的磁场,并用来测试PCD向PICC供电的能力。类似地,可代表典型非接触式读卡器的特征的“基准”读卡器(即测试或基准PCD)被用来测量非接触式卡的规范顺应性。例如,基准PCD被用来测试由卡在测试期间生成的负载调制。
图1b示出根据ISO 10373-6对成品读卡器进行的功能测试,用于测试卡和读卡器之间的功率和数据链路。
尽管根据ISO 10373-6的卡和读取器分别的顺应性测试过程可确保所使用的成品设备各自具有落入卡或读卡器的指定规范范围内的特征,但这些过程并不确保现场的可互操作性。校验为顺应的卡和/或读卡器可能仅仅是边际顺应的(例如通过具有在指定规范范围的端部或边缘的特征值)。这种标准顺应方式可导致现场的工作故障。例如,边际顺应卡会不可读取、或者难以使用也仅仅是边际顺应的读卡器来读取。
现在要考虑增强用于非接触式电子支付***的电子支付设备的可互操作性的方法。注意力集中于减小与通用接受标准一致的卡和读卡器属性中的变化。特别地,注意力集中于改进规范顺应性过程以增强可互操作性。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供了用于增强在非接触式电子支付***中使用的电子支付设备的可互操作性的方法和***。电子支付设备包括签发给消费者的嵌有RFID的卡以及诸如由商家使用的可用RFID的读卡器的接近式耦合设备。这些方法和***涉及使用基准卡和基准读卡器,以分别建立对所发卡和所使用的读卡器的可接受规范。基准卡和基准读卡器被交叉校准,以关联卡和读卡器的工作规范。对适当的卡和读卡器功能的重叠规范范围或容差的适当选择会增强所发卡与所使用的读卡器的可互操作性,以及所使用的读卡器与所发卡的可互操作性。
从附图以及以下的详细描述中,本发明的其它特征、其性质和各种优点将更为显而易见。
附图说明
图1a是示意性地示出如ISO 10373-6标准所规定的,将基准PICC用于测试成品非接触式支付卡读卡器的属性、以及将基准PCD用于测试成品非接触式支付卡的属性的框图。
图1b是基于用于根据ISO 10373-6测试卡和读卡器之间的功率和数据链路的常规过程对成品读卡器进行的一组功能测试的示意图。
图2a是示意性地示出根据本发明原理基准PICC与基准PCD的交叉校准步骤的框图。经交叉校准的基准PICC和PCD设备然后用于分别测试成品非接触式支付卡和读卡器的功能属性和规范。
图2b是根据本发明原理对成品读卡器进行的功能测试的示意图,这些功能测试用于测试非接触式的接近式卡和读卡器之间的功率和数据链路。
图3是示出根据本发明原理由基准卡模拟的、并如由基准读卡器测量或观察的不同卡的特性范围的曲线图。
图4是示出根据本发明原理其特性位于图3中观察到的特性范围内的顺应性卡的特性的曲线图。
图5是示出根据本发明原理如在基准读卡器上测量的基准卡的特性相对于图3所示特性的曲线图。
图6是示出根据本发明原理如在校准后基准读卡器上测量的图4的顺应性卡的特性的曲线图。
图7是示出根据本发明原理从经交叉校准的基准设备导出的重叠规范的曲线图。
具体实施方式
本发明在实现电子支付***的环境中描述,在该环境中非接触式支付设备规范旨在符合诸如ISO 14443标准的通用行业标准,该通用行业标准进一步指定用于校验各个非接触式支付设备的规范的标准化测试方法(即ISO 10373-6测试方法、接近式卡)。近来,本发明受让人MasterCard International Incorporated(“MaserCard”)已开发了专用规范-MasterCard PayPassTM ISO/IEC 14443实现规范(“PayPass”)-用来实现接近式支付卡技术。PayPass实现与ISO 14443标准一致,并提供说明本发明原理的一方便示例。可以理解,为了本文中的说明目的选择PayPass实现仅仅是示例性的,并且本发明的原理可更一般地应用于根据其它通用行业或专用标准工作的电子支付设备和***。
本发明提供用于增强在现场进行电子支付交易的非接触式支付设备(即发给消费者的成品卡和由商家使用的成品读卡器)的可互操作性的***和方法。该***和方法确保各个成品卡和读卡器在比根据ISO 14443标准工作所允许的更为严格的规范范围中工作或作用。该***和方法涉及交叉校准基准设备(即基准PICC和基准PCD设备),这些基准设备用于测试各个成品读卡器和卡在ISO 14443和ISO10373-6标准下的规范顺应性。(参见图2a。)基准PCD被用来建立基准PICC的观察到的功能特性或参数的范围(标称卡范围)。成品读卡器需要在由基准PCD测量时具有该标称卡范围内的功能特性或参数。反之,基准PICC被用来建立基准PCD的观察到的功能特性或参数的范围(标称读卡器范围)。成品读卡器需要在读取基准卡时具有该标称读卡器范围内的功能特性或参数。
图2b示意性地示出根据本发明在PayPass实现下进行的功能测试。
基准PICC和基准PCD的交叉校准建立了这两种标准设备之间的关系,并关联各个成品卡的规范与成品读卡器的规范。这避免了例如当卡和读卡器位于在ISO14443标准下允许的其相应规范范围的极端边缘时在卡和读卡器规范的常规未连接测试或分别测试下会产生的可互操作性故障。
该***和方法(在本文中统称为“PayPass实现”)基于一数学算法,该数学算法确保在设备参数的适当选择或规范之后成品支付设备的可互操作性。
为了确保成品读卡器(例如PCD-R)对成品卡(例如PICC C)的正确作用,PayPass-基准PICC被用来根据变量x生成特性范围[f2(x),f3(x)]。函数f可以是作为距离的函数的磁场响应。该特性范围[f2(x),f3(x)]是对PayPass-基准PCD观察到的。参见图3。
PayPass实现可要求或规定:成品卡(即PICC C)必须将落入所建立的卡的特性范围[f2(x),f3(x)]内的特性fc(x)显示为“顺应的”。特性fc(x)是对PayPass-基准PCD观察到的。参见图4。
此外,PayPass实现可要求或规定:成品读卡器(即PCD R)必须正确地对表现如对PayPass-基准PCD观察到的卡的特性范围[f1(x),f4(x)]为“顺应的”的PayPass-基准PICC起作用。通过要求或规定:卡的特性范围[f1(x),f4(x)]必须包括卡的特性范围[f2(x),f3(x)],即
[f2(x),f3(x)][f1(x),f4(x)]
所考虑的特定卡(PICC C)的特性fc(x)必然在读卡器(PCD R)的工作范围[f1(x),f4(x)]内。参见图5和图6。因此,可预期成品读卡器PCD R对成品卡(PICC C)正常工作。
类似地,为了确保成品卡(例如PICC C)对成品读卡器(例如PCD R)的正确作用,PayPass-基准PCD被用来生成读卡器特性范围[g2(y),g3(y)],函数g是对PayPass-基准PICC观察到的变量y的函数。PayPass实现可要求或规定:“顺应性”读卡器PCD R应显示落入所建立范围[g2(y),g3(y)]内的特性gc(y),其中特性gc(y)是在PayPass-基准PICC上测量的。此外,PayPass实现可要求或规定:成品卡(即PICC C)必须正确地对表现如对PayPass-基准PICC观察到的读卡器的特性范围[g1(x),g4(x)]的PayPass-基准PCD起作用。通过要求或规定:读卡器的特性范围[g1(x),g4(x)]应当包括读卡器的特性范围[g2(x),g3(x)],即用数学方法表示为:
[g2(x),g3(x)][g1(x),g4(x)]
所考虑的特定读卡器(PCD R)的特性gc(x)必然在卡(PICC C)的工作范围[g1(x),g4(x)]内。因此,可预期卡(PICC C)对读卡器(PCD R)正常工作。
作为如上所述的数学算法的有形说明,可考虑对激活成品PICC卡的功率要求的示例。PCD读卡器必须向PICC提供或发送一定量的功率,以激活该卡。反之,成品PICC卡必须用从PCD读卡器接收的一定量的功率工作。在PayPass实现中,由成品PCD读卡器传递或发送的功率PC(d)在PayPass-基准PICC上被测量为距离d的函数。在PayPass-基准PICC上测量的功率电平PC(d)的值被要求或规定为落入功率电平范围Rtx,功率内。
在交叉校准过程中,PayPass-基准PCD被配置为产生在RRx,功率范围上变化的不同功率电平。由PayPass-基准PCD产生的功率电平相关于PayPass-基准PICC校准,即范围RRx,功率是在PayPass-基准PICC上测量的值。在该过程中,向PayPass-基准PCD进行馈送的信号发生器或电源(例如电压源)的输出可增大或减小,直到达到如对PayPass-基准PICC观察到的适当功率电平RRx,功率。数学要求
Rtx,功率Rrx,功率
确保成品PCD读卡器将向成品PICC卡正确地供电。参见图7。
更一般地,如上所述的算法导向用于确保或增强成品非接触式支付设备的功率、数据传递和其它功能可互操作性的***和方法。该***和方法可例如包括:
(a)测量由PCD对基准PICC提供的功率,
(b)测量基准PICC上的数据传输(例如调制深度、或其它信号参数),
(c)通过经由基准PICC生成不同信号来测试由PCD进行的数据接收(例如负载调制敏感性)。首先相关于基准PCD校准PayPass-基准PICC,以确定由基准PICC生成的不同信号的电平和特征,以及
(d)测量PICC对基准PCD的数据传输,其中基准PCD向PICC发送“平均”值命令,而基准PCD提供“平均”功率电平。由基准PCD产生的功率电平和命令特征均相关于基准PICC进行校准,
(e)使用基准PCD来校验PICC的数据接收和功率敏感性,其中基准PCD发送命令,调制特征和功率电平在容许区间或范围Rrx的边界上。再一次,为了设置这些极值,相关于基准PICC校准基准PCD。
在例如PayPass实现规范的实践中使用用于增强互操作性的***和方法。为了描述的完整性,PayPass实现规范中描述PICC和PCD之间的非接触式接口(即射频和信号接口)的电特性的示例性部分在附录A中重现。所重现的各个部分也包括用于交叉校准基准PICC和PCD设备的逐步步骤,这些基准设备用于表征支付设备之间的功率和数据链路。
可以理解,前面的内容仅仅说明了本发明的原理,并且本领域技术人员可进行各种更改而不背离本发明的范围和精神。
2射频功率和信号接口
本章规定由PayPass支持的两类(A类和B类)非接触式接口的电特性。该接口包括PICC与PCD之间的功率和双向通信。
2.1绪论...........................................................9
2.2 RF功率........................................................11
2.2.1对PCD到PICC的功率传送的PCD要求...............................11
2.2.2对PCD到PICC的功率传送的PICC要求..............................11
2.2.3 PICC对工作场的要求..........................................12
2.2.4对载波频率fc的PCD要求........................................12
2.2.5对载波频率fc的PICC要求.......................................13
2.3 PCD到PICC的信号接口...........................................13
2.3.1绪论.........................................................13
2.3.2A类-对PCD到PICC调制的PCD要求.................................14
2.3.3A类-对PCD到PICC调制的PICC要求................................15
2.3.4B类-对PCD到PICC调制的PCD要求.................................15
2.3.5B类-对PCD到PICC调制的PICC要求................................17
2.4 PICC到PCD的信号接口...........................................17
2.4.1绪论.........................................................17
2.4.2对负载调制的PICC要求.........................................18
2.4.3A类-对副载波调制的PICC要求...................................19
2.4.4B类-对副载波调制的PICC要求...................................19
2.4.5对PICC到PCD调制的PCD要求.....................................20
2.1绪论
本章详细说明对PCD和PICC的RF功率和信号接口的要求。本章中所包括的所有要求根据PayPass基准装置来详细说明。每个要求之前为描述如何使用PayPass基准装置来确认特定要求的测量过程。本节的剩余部分说明用于写出要求的方法。
可以是PCD或PICC的设备进行发送或接收。PCD向PICC发送功率和数据,并从该PICC接收数据。PICC从PCD接收功率以及数据,并可将数据发送给PCD。用于PCD和PICC收发的不同配置如表格2.1所示。
表格2.1-配置 发送和接收
PCD发送 | 接收 | PICC发送 | 接收 | |
功率 | √ | √ | ||
数据 | √ | √ | √ | √ |
对于每个设备,与发送相关的要求是发送参数的值必须落在该参数的明确定义的范围Rtx内。对接收的要求是接收器必须用在与各参数相关的范围Rrx上变化的不同参数值来正常工作。为了可互操作性,相应发送和接收参数的范围被定义为使范围Rtx被包含在Rrx内(有时表示为RtxRrx)。
设备是否符合发送要求通过适当PayPass基准装置的接收器来测量。例如,PCD的发送器是否符合要求是通过PayPass-基准PICC来测量。PICC的发送器的质量在PayPass-基准PCD上测量。
示例:
PCD必须向PICC提供一定的功率电平。由PCD传递的功率在PayPass-基准PICC上测量。在PayPass-基准PICC上测量的功率电平的值必须落在范围Rtx,功率范围内。
设备是否符合接收要求通过使适当PayPass基准装置的发送器创建多个参数值的范围来测量。例如,PCD的接收器是否符合要求是通过使PayPass-基准PICC发出不同负载调制电平来测量。PICC的接收器的质量通过使PayPass-基准PCD发出不同调制电平来校验。
为了校准PayPass基准装置的发送器,使用匹配PayPass基准装置的接收器。例如,PayPass-基准PICC的负载调制电平相关于PayPass-基准PCD来校准。PayPass-基准PCD的调制电平相关于PayPass-基准PICC来校准。
示例:
PICC必须用由PCD提供的一定功率电平来工作。PayPass-基准PCD生成在范围Rrx,功率上变化的不同功率电平。PayPass-基准PCD的功率电平相关于PayPass-基准PICC来校准。这表示Rrx,功率是在PayPass-基准PICC上测量的值,并且馈入PayPass-基准PCD的信号发生器的功率电平被增大/减小直到在PayPass-基准PICC上达到正确的(电压)电平。
PCD的功率和数据发送特征可因为PCD是主设备而隔离测试。测试PICC的特征不能隔离进行,因为PICC是需要来自PCD的激励的从设备。为了测试所述发送特征,PICC将接收来自PayPass-基准PCD的命令。信号参数将具有范围Rrx内所允许的‘平均’值,从而使来自PICC响应的可能性最大。
对于PCD或PICC,检查数据接收特征均取决于设备对于良好接收数据的某种类型的确认。对于PCD,发送整个流中的下一个命令(=数据发送)暗示来自PayPass-基准PICC的响应得到了良好的理解。对于PICC,响应(=数据发送)暗示来自PCD的命令得到了良好的理解。
对于本文的其余部分,用语“正常工作”将用于由PCD发送下一命令,然后由PayPass-基准PICC创建响应。用语“正常工作”还用于由PICC发送对由PayPass-基准PCD生成的命令的响应。
上述方法导致以下有关功率和数据传送的内容:
·由PCD提供的功率在PayPass-基准PICC上测量。
·由PCD进行的数据发送(调制深度、……)在PayPass-基准PICC上测量。
·由PCD进行的数据接收(负载调制敏感性)通过经由PayPass-基准PICC创建不同信号来测试。为了确定由PayPass-基准PICC生成的信号的电平和特征,PayPass-基准PICC首先相关于PayPass-基准PCD进行校准。
·由PICC进行的数据发送在PayPass-基准PCD上测量,其中PayPass-基准PCD向PICC发送‘平均’值命令,且PayPass-基准PCD提供‘平均’功率电平。由PayPass-基准PCD产生的功率电平和命令特征相关于PayPass-基准PICC进行校准。
·PICC的数据接收和功率敏感性通过PayPass-基准PCD来检查,其中PayPass-基准PCD发送命令,其调制特征和功率电平在容许区间Rrx的边界上。再一次,为了设置这些极值,PayPass-基准PCD相关于PayPass-基准PICC进行校准。
2.2 RF功率
本节详细说明对通过由PCD创建的电磁场从PCD到PICC的功率传送的要求。
2.2.1对PCD到PICC的功率传送的PCD要求
本节详细说明对从PCD到PICC的功率传送的PCD要求。PCD创建使PICC上电的RF激励场(工作场)。表格2.2描述对从PCD到PICC的功率传送的测量过程。
表格2.2-对从PCD到PICC的功率传送(PCD发送)的测量
步骤# | 动作 |
步骤1 | 以使PCD在不进行任何调制的情况下发射载波的方式来调整PCDPCD的调整通过如在[TTA]中所述的SDK来执行。 |
步骤2 | 如附录B.6.1所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PICC的功率和数据接收 |
步骤3 | 将PayPass-基准PICC置入PCD的工作区,PayPass-基准PICC的调制器输入(J2)必须断开 |
步骤4 | 在PayPass-基准PICC的J1测量电压VOV(DC) |
要求2.1-从PCD到PICC的功率传送(PCD发送)
PCD | |
2.2.1.1 | 在工作区内时,PCD应当生成在PayPass-基准PICC的J1上的DC电压VOV。对于VOV的值参见附录A。 |
2.2.2对PCD到PICC的功率传送的PICC要求
本节详细说明对从PCD到PICC的功率传送的PICC要求。表格2.3描述了测量过程以校验PICC是否与PayPass-基准PCD一起正常工作,从而创建场强为HOV的工作场。
表格2.3-对从PCD到PICC的功率传送(PICC接收)的测量
步骤# | 动作 |
步骤1 | 如附录B.5.1所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PCD的功率发送。 |
步骤2 | 将PayPass-基准PICC置入PayPass-基准PCD的工作区的位置(r=0,=0,z=4,θ=0)。PayPass-基准PICC的调制器输入(J2)必须断开。 |
步骤3 | 以使PayPass-基准PCD在PayPass-基准PICC的输出J1上生成电压VOV,MIN的方式来调整PayPass-基准PCD的信号发生器V(参见附录A.2并将VOV,MIN即VOV的最小值用于PICC)。从PayPass-基准PCD的工作区中移去PayPass-基准PICC。 |
步骤4 | 使用调制特征MOD A1(用于A类)或MOD B1(用于B类)来如附录B.5.2所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PCD的数据发送。 |
步骤5 | 将PICC置入PayPass-基准PCD的工作区中并向PICC发送有效命令。如果PICC响应,则PICC在最低功率电平上正常工作。从PayPass-基准PCD的工作区中移去PICC。 |
步骤6 | 将PayPass-基准PICC置入PayPass-基准PCD的工作区的位置(r=0,=0, |
z=0,θ=0)。PayPass-基准PICC的调制器输入(J2)必须断开。 | |
步骤7 | 以使PayPass-基准PCD在PayPass-基准PICC的输出J1上生成电压VOV,MAX的方式来调整PayPass-基准PCD的信号发生器V(参见附录A.2并将VOV,MAX即VOV的最大值用于PICC)。从PayPass-基准PCD的工作区中移去PayPass-基准PICC。 |
步骤8 | 使用调制特征MOD A1(用于A类)或MOD B1(用于B类)来如附录B.5.2所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PCD的数据发送。 |
步骤9 | 将PICC置入PayPass-基准PCD的工作区中并向PICC发送有效命令。如果PICC响应,则PICC在最高功率电平上正常工作。 |
要求2.2-从PCD到PICC的功率传送(PICC接收)
PICC | |
2.2.2.1 | PICC在放置到PayPass-基准PICC显示J1上的DC电压VOV的位置上时应当在工作区内正常工作。对于VOV的值参见附录A。 |
2.2.3 PICC对工作场的要求
由于PICC与PCD天线之间的电磁耦合(即互感),PICC在置入工作区时改变由PCD产生的工作场。工作区内的磁场强度将因为PICC引起的额外负载而减小。本节列出限制允许PICC具有的最大负载的PICC要求。
PICC的负载通过PayPass-基准PCD的J2上因PICC在工作区中的出现而引起的电压降ΔVOV(=VOV,自由空间-VOV,PICC)来测量,如表格2.4所述。
表格2.4-PICC对工作场的影响的测量
步骤# | 动作 |
步骤1 | 如附录B.5.1所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PCD的功率发送。 |
步骤2 | 测量PayPass-基准PCD的J2上的VOV,自由空间(峰-峰)。 |
步骤3 | 将PICC置入PayPass-基准PCD的工作区并测量PayPass-基准PCD的J2上的VOV,PICC(峰-峰)。ΔVOV被定义为VOV,自由空间-VOV,PICC。 |
要求2.3-PICC对工作场的影响
PICC | |
2.2.3.1 | 当置入PayPass-基准PCD的工作区时,PICC应当使PayPass-基准PCD的J2上的电压降ΔV不大于ΔVOV,max。ΔVOV被定义为VOV,自由空间-VOV,PICC。VOV,自由空间是工作区中没有PICC时在J2上测量的电压(峰-峰)。VOV,PICC是当将PICC置入PayPass-基准PCD的工作区之后在J2上测量的电压(峰-峰)。对于VOV,max的值参见附录A。 |
2.2.4对载波频率fc的PCD要求
本节详细说明对由PCD产生的工作场的频率(即载波频率fc)的PCD要求。
表格2.5描述如何测量fc。
表格2.5-载波频率fc的测量(PCD发送)
步骤# | 动作 |
步骤1 | 如附录B.6.1所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PICC的功率和数据接收。 |
步骤2 | 以使PCD在不进行任何调制的情况下发射载波的方式来调整PCD。PCD的调制通过SDK执行,如[TTA]中所述。 |
步骤3 | 将PayPass-基准PICC置入PCD的工作区。PayPass-基准PICC的调制器输入(J2)必须断开。 |
步骤4 | 在PayPass-基准PICC的校准线圈的输出端上捕捉信号。执行信号的频谱分析并且校验载波的频率是否落在fc±Δfc内。 |
要求2.4-载波频率fc(PCD发送)
PCD | |
2.2.4.1 | 由PCD提供的工作场的频率(载波频率)应当为fc±Δfc。对于fc和Δfc的值参见附录A。 |
2.2.5对载波频率fc的PICC要求
本节详细说明PICC必须用载波频率fc±Δfc来正常工作的要求。表格2.6描述如何校验PICC是否用载波频率fc±Δfc正常工作。
表格2.6-载波频率fc的测量(PICC接收)
步骤# | 动作 |
步骤1 | 如附录B.5.1所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PCD的功率发送,但将PayPass-基准PCD的载波频率调节到fc-Δfc。 |
步骤2 | 使用调制特征MOD A1(用于A类)或MOD B1(用于B类)来如附录B.5.2所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PCD的数据发送。 |
步骤3 | 将PICC置入PayPass-基准PCD的工作区中并发送有效命令。如果PICC返回响应,则PICC正常工作。 |
步骤4 | 重复步骤1、步骤2和步骤3,但将PayPass-基准PCD的载波频率调节到fc+Δfc。 |
要求2.5-载波频率fc(PICC接收)
PICC | |
2.2.5.1 | 当放置到PayPass-基准PCD的工作区中时,PICC应当在载波频率fc±Δfc上正常工作。 |
2.3 PCD到PICC的信号接口
本节详细说明由A类和B类用于PCD到PICC的通信的调制方法。它处理:
·PCD的数据发送特征
·PICC解释PCD的数据发送的接收能力。
2.3.1绪论
ISO/IEC 14443标准定义两类可能的调制,称为A类和B类。对于从PCD到PICC的通信,A类和B类都使用振幅移位键控法(ASK)。载波的振幅在H1和H2之间切换,从而在磁场为值H2时产生“较低电平”。对用于ISO/IEC 14443的两类调制的“较低电平”以及载波包络被定义如下。
2.3.2 A类-对PCD到PICC调制的PCD要求
从PCD到PICC的A类通信使用ASK 100%的调制原理。载波被导通和关断,从而在关断时产生“较低电平”。实际上,它将导致95%或以上的调制指数。A类调制的“较低电平”被[ISO/IEC 14443-2]称为“暂停”。表格2.7描述如何测量PCD的A类调制特征。
表格2.7-A类-PCD到PICC调制的测量(PCD发送)
步骤# | 动作 |
步骤1 | 如附录B.6.1所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PICC的功率和数据接收。 |
步骤2 | 将PayPass-基准PICC置入PCD的工作区。PayPass-基准PICC的调制器输入(J2)必须断开。 |
步骤3 | 请求PCD发送WUPA命令。PCD的调制通过SDK执行,如[TTA]中所述。 |
步骤4 | 在PayPass-基准PICC的校准线圈的输出上捕捉PCD发送的WUPA信号,并分析调制特征。 |
对于本节,V代表在置入PCD的工作区的PayPass-基准PICC的校准线圈的输出上测量的信号的包络。V1是就在由PCD施加任何调制之前测量的初始值。V2、V3和V4被定义如下:
V2=pm,AV1(对于pm,A值参见附录A)
V3=0.6V1
V4=0.9V1
要求2.6-A类-PCD到PICC调制(PCD发送)
PCD | |
2.3.2.1 | PCD应当以在PayPass-基准PICC的校准线圈的输出上测量的信号具有以下特征(也参见图2.1)的方式调制工作区内的工作场:·V应当在时间t1-t2内从VI减至V2以下。·如果V不单调减小,则局部最大值与在局部最大值之前经过同一值的时间之间的时间应当为t5。这应当仅在局部最大值大于V2时应用。·V应当保持小于V2达时间t2。·V应当在时间t4内单调增大至V3。·V应当在时间t3内单调增大至V4或以上。·紧接在上升沿之后的过冲应当保持在(1±VOU,A)V1内。对于t1,t2,t3,t4,t5和VOU,A的值参见附录A。 |
图2.1-A类-较低电平
2.3.3A类-对PCD到PICC调制的PICC要求
本节列出对A类PICC的接收能力的要求。表格2.8描述如何校验PICC是否与应用容许区间的边界上的A类调制特征的PayPass-基准PCD一起正常工作。
表格2.8-A类-对PCD到PICC调制的测量(PICC接收)
步骤# | 动作 |
步骤1 | 如附录B.5.1所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PCD的功率发送。 |
步骤2 | 使用调制特征MOD A1来如附录B.5.2所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PCD的数据发送。 |
步骤3 | 将PICC置入PayPass-基准PCD的工作区中并向PICC发送有效命令。如果PICC返回响应,则PICC正常工作。 |
步骤4 | 对表格B.11中定义的每组调制特征重复步骤2和步骤3。 |
要求2.7-A类-PCD到PICC调制(PICC接收)
PICC | |
2.2.5.1 | 当放置到PayPass-基准PCD的工作区中时,假如PayPass-基准PCD应用了有效调制特征,则A类PICC就应当正常工作。 |
2.3.4 B类-对PCD到PICC调制的PCD要求
从PCD到PICC的B类通信使用ASK 10%的调制原理。载波的振幅被降低以产生调制指数为mi的“较低电平”。对“较低电平”以及载波包络的要求被定义如下。表格2.9描述如何测量PCD的B类调制特征。
表格2.9-B类-PCD到PICC调制的测量(PCD发送)
步骤# | 动作 |
步骤1 | 如附录B.6.1所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PICC的功率和数据接收。 |
步骤2 | 将PayPass-基准PICC置入PCD的工作区。PayPass-基准PICC的调制器输入(J2)必须断开。 |
步骤3 | 请求PCD发送WUPB命令。PCD的调整通过SDK执行,如[TTA]中所述。 |
步骤4 | 在PayPass-基准PICC的校准线圈的输出上捕捉PCD所发送的WUPB信号,并分析调制特征。 |
对于本节,V代表在置入PCD的工作区的PayPass-基准PICC的校准线圈的输出上测量的信号的包络。V1是就在由PCD施加任何调制之前测量的初始值。V2为较低电平。调制指数(mi)、V3和V4被定义如下:
V3=V1-0.1(V1-V2)
V4=V2+0.1(V1-V2)
要求2.8-B类-PCD到PICC调制(PCD发送)
PCD | |
2.3.4.1 | PCD应当以在PayPass-基准PICC的校准线圈的输出上测量的信号具有以下特征(也参见图2.2)的方式调制工作区内的工作场:·信号的调制指数(mi)应当为modi。·V应当在时间tf内从V3单调减小至V4。·V应当在时间tr内从V4单调增大至V3。·调制的上升和下降沿都应当是单调的。·紧接在下降和上升沿之后的过冲应当小于VOU,B(V1-V2)。对于modi,tf,tr和VOU,B的值参见附录A。 |
图2.2-B类-PCD到PICC调制
2.3.5B类-对PCD到PICC调制的PICC要求
本节列出对B类PICC的接收能力的要求。表格2.10描述如何校验当PayPass-基准PCD应用容许区间的边界上的B类调制特征时PICC是否正常工作。
表格2.10-B类-对PCD到PICC调制的测量(PICC接收)
步骤# | 动作 |
步骤1 | 如附录B.5.1所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PCD的功率发送。 |
步骤2 | 使用调制特征MOD B1来如附录B.5.2所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PCD的数据发送。 |
步骤3 | 将PICC置入PayPass-基准PCD的工作区中并向PICC发送有效命令。如果PICC返回响应,则PICC正常工作。 |
步骤4 | 对表格B.12中定义的每组调制特征重复步骤2和步骤3。 |
要求2.9-B类-PCD到PICC调制(PICC接收)
PICC | |
2.3.5.1 | 当放置到PayPass-基准PCD的工作区中时,假设PayPass-基准PCD应用了有效调制特征,B类PICC就应当正常工作。 |
2.4 PICC到PCD的信号接口
本节详细说明由A类和B类用于PICC到PCD的通信的调制方法。它处理:
·PICC的数据发送特征
·PCD解释PICC的数据发送的接收能力。
2.4.1绪论
对于从PICC到PCD的通信,A类和B类都使用负载调制。载波频率fc(13.56MHz)被用来导出频率fs等于fc/16(~847Hz)的副载波。该副载波被用来导通和关断负载。当PICC处于有负载状态时,比在负载未导通的情形中更高的电流将流过PICC的天线。PICC天线中的这一电流差异被PCD感测到。
A类卡使用开关键控法(OOK)调制副载波。
B类卡使用二进制相移键控法(BPSK)(相移键控法(PSK)的一种简单形式)调制副载波。BPSK仅使用两个信号相位:0度和180度。如果波的相位不相关于基准相位改变,则信号状态保持为相同(低或高)。如果波的相位改变180度(即相位反转),则信号状态改变。基准相位被称为φ0。
图2.4-BPSK
2.4.2对负载调制的PICC要求
本节列出对从PICC的负载调制要求。表格2.11描述了如何测量PICC的负载调制特征。
表格2.11-负载调制特征的测量(PICC发送)
步骤# | 动作 |
步骤1 | 如附录B.5.1所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PCD的功率发送。 |
步骤2 | 使用调制特征MODA1(用于A类)或MODB1(用于B类)来如附录B.5.2所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PCD的数据发送。 |
步骤3 | 将PICC置入PayPass-基准PCD的工作区中。 |
步骤4 | 通过调谐C9、C10、C11和VR1消除PayPass-基准PCD的CMR电路上的载波,从而使得剩余载波电平为10mV(或以下)(更多细节参见附录B.4.2.5)。 |
步骤5 | 向A类PICC发送WUPA命令,或向B类PICC发送WUPB命令。 |
步骤6 | 捕捉来自PICC的响应,并测量PayPass-基准PCD的CMR电路的输出上的负载调制(Vpp)。 |
要求2.10-负载调制特征(PICC发送)
PICC | |
2.4.2.1 | 当置入PayPass-基准PCD的工作区中时,PICC应当以在PayPass-基准PCD的CMR电路的输出上测量的信号具有以下特征的方式调制工作场:·信号的频率fs应当为fc/16。 |
·信号的振幅(Vpp)应当是A类为Vpp,A(峰-峰),B类为Vpp,B(峰-峰)。对于Vpp,A和Vpp,B的值参见附录A。 |
2.4.3A类-对副载波调制的PICC要求
本节列出A类的对从PICC到PCD的通信的副载波调制的PICC要求。
要求2.11-A类-副载波调制(PICC发送)
PICC | |
2.4.3.1 | A类PICC应当使用开关键控法(OOK)来调制副载波。 |
2.4.3.2 | 当调制副载波时,A类PICC应当仅在与副载波成定义相位时开始调制:即在副载波的上升沿或下降沿(参见图2.5) |
图2.5-A类-副载波调制开始
2.4.4B类-对副载波调制的PICC要求
B类PICC使用二进制相移键控法调制副载波。在PICC通过相移向PCD发送信息之前,PICC和PCD首先建立基准相位φ0。然后PICC可开始调制副载波:逻辑电平的改变由副载波的180度相移表示。
要求2.12-B类-副载波调制(PICC发送)
PICC | |
2.4.4.1 | B类PICC应当使用二进制相移键控法来调制副载波。 |
2.4.4.2 | B类PICC应当仅在要发送数据时才生成副载波。 |
2.4.4.3 | 相移应当仅在副载波的上升沿或下降沿的标称位置上进行(参见图2.6) |
图2.6-B类-所允许的相移
2.4.5对PICC到PCD调制的PCD要求
本节列出对PCD解释PICC所应用调制的接收能力的要求。表格2.12描述如何校验PCD应用容许区间的边界上的调制特征与PayPass-基准PICC一起正常工作。
表格2.12-对PICC到PCD调制的测量(PCD接收)
步骤# | 动作 |
步骤1 | 使用负载调制特征MOD LA1,如附录B.6.2所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PICC的功率发送。 |
步骤2 | 将PayPass-基准PICC置入PCD的工作区中。 |
步骤3 | 请求PCD使用A类调制向PayPass-基准PICC发送有效命令。通过PayPass-基准PICC返回正确响应。如果PCD继续下一有效命令,则PCD正常工作。 |
步骤4 | 对表格B.15中定义的每一组负载调制特征重复步骤1、步骤2和步骤3。 |
步骤5 | 使用负载调制特征MOD LB1,如附录B.6.2所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PICC的数据发送。 |
步骤6 | 将PayPass-基准PICC置入PCD的工作区中。 |
步骤7 | 请求PCD使用B类调制向PayPass-基准PICC发送有效命令。通过PayPass-基准PICC返回正确响应。如果PCD继续下一有效命令,则PCD正常工作。 |
步骤8 | 对表格B.16中定义的每一组负载调制特征重复步骤5、步骤6和步骤7。 |
要求2.13-PICC到PCD的调制(PCD接收)
PCD | |
2.4.5.1 | 假设PayPass-基准PICC应用了有效负载调制特征,PCD就应当与PayPass-基准PICC一起正常工作。 |
B.5 PayPass-基准PCD的校准
本附录描述如何配置PayPass-基准PCD以确认第2章中所包括的要求。
B.5.1 PayPass-基准PCD的功率发送的校准
表格B.9描述如何校准PayPass-基准PCD的功率发送。
表格B.9-校准PayPass-基准PCD的功率发送
步骤# | 动作 |
步骤1 | 如附录B.6.1所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PICC。 |
步骤2 | 通过VC2将PayPass-基准PCD的输入阻抗调谐到50Ω。 |
步骤3 | 通过VC1将PayPass-基准PCD的谐振频率调谐到13.56MHz。 |
步骤4 | 将PayPass-基准PICC置入PayPass-基准PCD的工作区的位置(r=0,=0,z=4,θ=0)。 |
步骤5 | 连接PayPass-基准PCD的输入J1与生成具有在PayPass-基准PICC的校准线圈的输出上测量的频率fc(13.56MHz)的载波信号的信号发生器V。以使其在PayPass-基准PICC的输出J1上生成电压2.3V的方式来调整信号发生器V(2.3V对应于在PayPass-基准PCD天线上传送的±600mW(50Ω上的15.5V))。 |
步骤6 | 从PayPass-基准PCD的工作区中移去PayPass-基准PICC。 |
B.5.2 PayPass-基准PCD的数据发送的校准
表格B.10描述如何校准PayPass-基准PCD向置入工作区中的PICC的数据发送。
表格B.10-PayPass-基准PCD的数据发送的校准
步骤# | 动作 |
步骤1 | 如附录B.6.1所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PICC。 |
步骤2 | 将PayPass-基准PICC置入PayPass-基准PCD的工作区中(测量期间在与PICC相同的位置上)。 |
步骤3 | 将载波调制成获得表格B.11(A类)或表格B.12(B类)中列出的调制特征之一。这些调制特征在PayPass-基准PICC的校准线圈输出上测量。 |
步骤4 | 从PayPass-基准PCD的工作区中移去PayPass-基准PICC。 |
表格B.11和表格B.12定义用于A类和B类的调制特征。
表格B.11-A类-调制特征
名称 | t1(暂停) | Pm,A(较低值) |
MODA1 | 2.6μs | 4% |
MODA2 | 2.0μs | 10% |
表格B.12-B类-调制特征
名称 | mi |
MOD B1 | 11% |
MOD B2 | 参见A.2并使用modi的最小PICC值 |
MOD B3 | 参见A.2并使用modi的最大PICC值 |
B.6 PayPass-基准PICC的校准
本附录描述如何配置PayPass-基准PICC以确认第2章中所包括的要求。
B.6.1校准PayPass-基准PICC的功率和数据接收
表格B.13描述如何校准PayPass-基准PICC的功率和数据接收。
表格B.13-校准PayPass-基准PICC的功率和数据接收
步骤# | 动作 |
步骤1 | 通过VC1将PayPass-基准PICC的谐振频率调谐到16.1MHz。 |
B.6.2 PayPass-基准PICC的数据发送的校准
表格B.14描述如何校准PayPass-基准PICC的数据发送。
表格B.14-PayPass-基准PICC的数据发送的校准
步骤# | 动作 |
步骤1 | 如附录B.6.1所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PICC。 |
步骤2 | 如附录B.5.1所详细说明地校准PayPass-基准PCD。 |
步骤3 | 将PayPass-基准PICC置入PayPass-基准PCD的工作区中(测量期间在与PCD的工作区中所使用的相同的位置上)。 |
步骤4 | 连接匹配网络与PayPass-基准PICC的校准线圈(参见图B.2),连接正弦波发生器与匹配网络的J1,且在PayPass-基准PCD的CMR电路的输出上测量的频率为13.57MHz、振幅为(80-15z)mV(峰-峰)。 |
步骤5 | 连接方波发生器与PayPass-基准PICC的J2,且频率847KHz(fc/16)。以方波将载波调制成具有在PayPass-基准PCD的CMR电路的输出上测量到振幅Vpp(峰-峰)的方式调制VRI。Vpp具有在表格B.15(A类)或表格B.16(B类)中列出的值之一。 |
步骤6 | 从PayPass-基准PCD的工作区中移去PayPass-基准PICC。 |
表格B.15详细说明由PayPass-基准PICC应用的不同A类负载调制特征。
表格B.15-A类-负载调制特征
名称 | Vpp(mV) |
MOD LA1 | 45 |
MOD LA2 | 参见A.2并使用Vpp,A的最小PCD值 |
MOD LA3 | 参见A.2并使用Vpp,A的最大PCD值 |
表格B.16详细说明由PayPass-基准PICC应用的不同B类负载调制特征。
表格B.16-B类-负载调制特征
名称 | Vpp(mV) |
MOD LB1 | 45 |
MOD LB2 | 参见A.2并使用Vpp,B的最小PCD值 |
MOD LB3 | 参见A.2并使用Vpp,B的最大PCD值 |
Claims (20)
1.一种诸如卡和读卡器设备的非接触式支付设备的***,其中在所述各设备工作时,所述读卡器设备发送将由对应卡设备接收的信号,并且所述卡设备发送将由对应读卡器设备接收的信号,所述***包括:
与由所述设备发送的信号相关的参数的规范范围Rtx,其中各个设备被规定发送其参数值C在所述范围Rtx内的信号;
由所述对应设备接收的信号的参数值的规范范围Rrx,其中各个对应设备被规定在所接收的信号参数具有所述范围Rrx中的任一值时正常工作,并且其中所述规范范围Rtx是所述规范范围Rrx的子集,从而参数值C在所述范围Rrx内,因此所述对应设备可响应于由任何设备发送的信号而正常工作。
2.如权利要求1所述的***,其特征在于,由所述读卡器设备发送的信号包括功率和数据信号。
3.如权利要求1所述的***,其特征在于,由所述卡设备发送的信号包括数据信号。
4.如权利要求1所述的***,其特征在于,还包括基准设备和基准对应设备。
5.如权利要求4所述的***,其特征在于,还包括各个设备发送其参数值C处于如使用所述基准对应设备测量的所述规范范围Rtx内的信号的规范验证。
6.如权利要5所述的***,其特征在于,各个设备是读卡器而各个对应设备是卡,且其中由所述读卡器发送的信号是卡-激活功率信号,且其中由所述读卡器发送的信号的功率电平在所述基准对应设备上测量。
7.如权利要求5所述的***,其特征在于,各个设备是读卡器而各个对应设备是卡,且其中由所述读卡器发送的信号是数据信号,且其中由所述读卡器发送的信号的特征在所述基准对应设备上测量。
8.如权利要求5所述的***,其特征在于,各个设备是卡而各个对应设备是读卡器,且其中由所述卡发送的信号是经负载已调制数据信号,且其中由所述卡发送的信号的调制特征在所述基准对应设备上测量。
9.如权利要求4所述的***,其特征在于,还包括通过使用所述基准设备来生成和传送具有所述范围Rrx上的参数值的不同信号进行的、在所接收信号参数具有所述范围Rrx中的任一值时各个对应设备正常工作的规范验证。
10.如权利要求4所述的***,其特征在于,所述基准设备相关于所述基准对应设备的特征来校准,而反之所述基准对应设备相关于所述基准对应设备的特征来校准。
11.在基于诸如非接触式卡和读卡器这样的支付设备的电子支付***中的一种用于增强发送支付设备与一组不同接收设备的可互操作性、以及反之增强接收设备与一组不同发送支付设备的可互操作性的方法,其中所述各个非接触式卡和读卡器具有相互的信号发送和接收功能,所述方法包括:
标识与由发送设备发送的信号相关的参数值范围(Rtx),并响应于所述信号将所述那组不同的接收设备的每一个规定为正常工作;
规定正常工作的所述那组不同发送设备的每一个仅发送参数值位于范围Rtx内的信号;
标识与由所述接收设备接收的信号相关的参数值范围(Rrx),所述范围Rrx包括所述范围Rtx;以及
规定所述那组不同接收设备的每一个响应于所接收到的参数值位于范围Rtx内的任何接收信号来正常工作,
因此按规定来工作的所有发送设备可仅生成参数值与所述接收设备对其被规定为正常操作的信号相对应的信号。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,由所述读卡器设备发送的信号包括功率和数据信号。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,由所述卡设备发送的信号包括数据信号。
14.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括使用基准设备和基准对应设备来验证设备参数。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括各个发送设备发送其参数值C处于如使用所述基准对应设备测量的所述规范范围Rtx内的信号的规范验证步骤。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,各个设备是读卡器而各个对应设备是卡,且其中由所述读卡器发送的信号是卡-激活功率信号,且其中所述规范验证步骤还包括在所述基准对应设备上测量由所述读卡器发送的信号的功率电平。
17.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,各个设备是读卡器而各个对应设备是卡,且其中由所述读卡器发送的信号包括数据信号,且其中所述规范验证步骤还包括在所述基准对应设备上测量由所述读卡器发送的信号的特征。
18.如权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,各个设备是卡而各个对应设备是读卡器,且其中由所述卡发送的信号包括负载已调制数据信号,且其中由所述卡发送的信号的调制特征在所述基准对应设备上测量。
19.如权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括其中通过使用所述基准设备来生成和传送参数值在所述范围Rrx上的不同信号、在所接收信号参数具有所述范围Rrx中的任一值时各个对应设备正常工作的规范验证步骤。
20.如权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括其中所述基准设备相关于所述基准对应设备的特征来校准、而反之所述基准对应设备相关于所述基准对应设备的特征来校准的校准步骤。
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CNA2005800285096A Pending CN101052961A (zh) | 2004-07-15 | 2005-07-15 | 用于进行非接触式支付卡交易的方法和*** |
CNA2005800285895A Pending CN101014968A (zh) | 2004-07-15 | 2005-07-15 | 具有截头圆锥体工作区的非接触式支付卡读卡器 |
CNA2005800285081A Pending CN101080729A (zh) | 2004-07-15 | 2005-07-15 | 用于测试非接触式支付设备的基准装置 |
CNA2005800284731A Pending CN101023434A (zh) | 2004-07-15 | 2005-07-15 | 非接触式卡支付***的冲突检测和避免方案 |
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CNA2005800285081A Pending CN101080729A (zh) | 2004-07-15 | 2005-07-15 | 用于测试非接触式支付设备的基准装置 |
CNA2005800284731A Pending CN101023434A (zh) | 2004-07-15 | 2005-07-15 | 非接触式卡支付***的冲突检测和避免方案 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101441704B (zh) * | 2007-11-19 | 2012-07-11 | 飞力凯网路股份有限公司 | 信息处理设备、信息处理方法和程序 |
CN101742469B (zh) * | 2009-11-24 | 2012-05-30 | 候万春 | 手机rfid非接触交易归属控制的***和方法 |
CN105608480A (zh) * | 2015-08-04 | 2016-05-25 | 电子科技大学 | 超高频rfid信号扫描器 |
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