CN101040136B - 一体式铸钢整体活塞 - Google Patents
一体式铸钢整体活塞 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
- F16J1/04—Resilient guiding parts, e.g. skirts, particularly for trunk pistons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B31/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/16—Pistons having cooling means
- F02F3/20—Pistons having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
- F02F3/22—Pistons having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/26—Pistons having combustion chamber in piston head
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
- F16J1/001—One-piece pistons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
- F16J1/09—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers with means for guiding fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
- F05C2201/0448—Steel
- F05C2201/0451—Cast steel
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- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种柴油机活塞(10),具有由整块钢完整铸造的活塞主体,并包括具有燃烧碗状部(16)、环(24)及油冷却沟道(28)的活塞头部(12)。一对销毂(34、36)和一活塞边缘(40)利用同一钢材与所述活塞头部一体铸造。
Description
引用在先申请
本申请要求申请号为60/589,779,申请日为2004年7月21日的美国临时专利申请的优先权。
技术领域
本发明通常涉及柴油机重型活塞,特别涉及头部设有一体式活塞边缘和油冷却沟道的整体活塞。
背景技术
众所周知,整体活塞是工业中常用的一种重型活塞,通常包括上活塞头部。该上活塞头部设有围绕凹状燃烧碗状区域的外环区域和位于该外环和燃烧碗状区之间的环状油冷却沟道。工作过程中,将冷却油注入环状油冷却沟道中以冷却该活塞的上部。这种活塞进一步具有一对侧面间隔的销毂对准钻孔,以收容活塞销,从而与一连接杆连接。该销毂位于活塞头部下方的活塞下部内。整体活塞进一步包括活塞边缘区域,该活塞边缘区域与销毂一体形成以相对该销毂固定,与将活塞边缘分离地形成且连接于枢接型销毂中以通过活塞销相对销毂枢接运动的方式不同。
一般整体活塞由整块铝或铸铁铸件制造,或者由铸造和/或锻造出的各种含铁和钢的材料形成两块或更多块结构,随后再通过各种方法例如螺栓连接、铜焊或者焊接结合在一起形成整体连接结构。各种通道和凹槽特别是冷却沟道区域的复杂性将材料的选择局限于铝和铸铁。采用多块结合结构具有的优点是,可将活塞结构分为分散部分,各部分单独制造而后结合成一体。典型的多部分整体活塞越过经油冷却室的分界线被分隔开来。这样,部分冷却室形成于较高的头部或“上冠”部分内,冷却室的其余部分形成于较低的销毂内或“下冠”部分内。该上冠通常由钢或铸铁铸造或锻造成,越过分界线结合至可由铁铸造或铝锻造而成的下冠。钢具有较铁更高的伸缩系数,因此更适用于上冠部分,以承受燃烧的热度及循环负载。因下冠无需具有上冠所需的受热和负载水平,故下冠可仅用铸铁材料制成。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明的特征及优点,以下结合附图对本发明进行详细描述。其中:
图1是根据本发明较佳实施例构造的活塞部分断开状态的立体图;
图2是图1中的活塞另一个角度、部分断开状态的立体图;
图3是图1中的活塞不同角度的立体图;
图4是所述活塞的平面图;
图5是沿图4中5-5线的剖视图;
图6是沿图5中6-6线的剖视图;以及
图7是沿图4中7-7线的剖视图。
具体实施例
根据本发明实施例构造的活塞10如图所示。该活塞为整体构造,由一块钢完整铸成,优选SAE4140H号钢。该活塞具有上头部12,该上头部12设有上壁14。上壁14一般为平面,并包括燃烧碗状部16。该燃烧碗状部16凹入上壁14并以成型燃烧碗状壁18为界。该成型燃烧碗状壁18具有底切角区域20,该区域20由燃烧碗状部16的上缘22径向向外延伸,为燃烧碗状部16提供凹状或具深度的结构。底切区域20内部,该燃烧碗状壁18为圆顶状,且该圆顶状壁18的中心朝向上壁14升起,高于底切区域20,但最终低于上缘22。
上头部12进一步包括从上壁14向下延伸的外环壁24,该外环壁24上设有多个环状槽26。该环状槽26通过先铸入所述环,而后进行加工形成,或者整体加工铸件形成。通常,环状槽26容纳相应多个活塞环(图未示)。
上头部12具有铸造状态油冷却沟道28,设置在外环24内部、燃烧碗状部16下方。该油冷却沟道28具有外环24界定的外环壁和燃烧碗状壁18的底切区域20界定的上壁。沟道28的内环壁30与外环24径向向内间隔并从燃烧碗状壁18向下延伸至底切区域20径向向内的位置。外环24相对内环壁30较厚,该内环壁30则相对燃烧碗状壁18较厚。
油冷却沟道28包括底壁或底面32,该底壁或底面32在外环24和内环壁30之间延伸,以对底部关闭该油冷却沟道28,来提高活塞冷却效率和结构。这一点将在下面做进一步详细描述。
活塞进一步包括一对侧面间隔的销毂34,该销毂34与头部12整体铸造,并从头部的底壁32向下突出。该销毂34铸造有一组沿销轴38排列的销钻孔36,以收容活塞销(图未示),从而通过常用方法将该活塞10与一连接杆连接。
该活塞10进一步具有活塞边缘40,与头部12及销毂34作为一整体铸造。该活塞边缘40与外环24和销毂34连接,除此以外是无支撑的。该活塞边缘40在每一销毂34侧向相对面上设有铸入该活塞边缘40内的一组窗口或开口42。活塞边缘40上共设有四个或少于四个这样的窗口42。该窗口42消除了材料堆积,从而减小了无需活塞边缘的区域的活塞总重量。
再看油冷却沟道28,可以看到相对较薄的内环壁30和燃烧碗状壁18的底切区域20设有加强肋44,以提供局部加厚壁区域,从而加强该壁部分的结构刚度以承受燃力,同时最小化相邻无加强肋区域的壁厚,从而使得活塞重量总体降低。可以看到加强肋44在外环24后延伸,仅部分伸入油沟道28,因此未在圆周方向上隔离该沟道28,使得该沟道在圆周方向上保持开通并连续。加强肋44的形状不均匀,与销轴38成一线排列的销毂34上的加强肋最厚。
燃烧碗状壁18的下面、内环壁30内部径向上也设有肋46,以加强圆顶区域内燃烧碗状壁18的薄壁结构。
销毂34设有中空区域或凹陷48,该中空区域或凹陷48通常形成在底壁32下方延伸的鞍状室,以作为油冷却沟道28的延伸,从而减小材料堆积并允许冷却油从油冷却沟道28排入销毂34的中空区域28。该中空区域48在销钻孔36的任一侧向下延伸入销毂34,并终止到达销轴38。底壁32不在中空区域48内,使得可与油冷却沟道28直接连通。
在销毂34之间的区域内,底壁32优选具有至少一个或多个开口50。该开口50允许油冷却沟道和沟道内各种相互连接的中空区域及肋在铸造过程中借助铸芯形成。该铸芯随着铸造过程可被移动至完全穿过开口50。此外,该开口50使得活塞10的整体重量减少。如图所示,优选设置四个这种开口50,每对开口由底壁32的中间脊部分开,虽然本发明在需要的情况下可考虑除去每组或每两组开口之间的桥部52。该开口50进一步用于提供至油冷却沟道28的入口,以在运行期间将冷却油注入活塞,并至少部分地允许油从沟道流出。该中空区域48也可包括油排出孔(图未示),以向销钻孔36和/或销毂34内表面提供润滑油,以增强活塞销与连接杆接触面的润滑。
该活塞优选SAE4140H钢铸造而成。虽然不限于特定处理方式,该活塞可使用慢速填充反重力铸造技术铸造,该技术能够使钢倾向不同于包含物、凝固、收缩及多孔性,而是被铸成具有复杂特征的复合薄壁部分,例如活塞10,不会在合成铸件内产生不合格的多孔和凝固等缺失。
很显然,根据上述说明,可对本发明作多种修改和变化。因此,可以理解,本发明并不局限于以上特定描述,而可涵盖所附权利要求范围的所有实现方式。
Claims (13)
1.一种活塞,包括:
活塞头部,具有燃烧碗状壁、外环,内环壁和环状油沟道,以及油沟道底面;
一对销毂,从所述活塞头部下垂并具有排列成行的销钻孔;
活塞边缘;
其中所述活塞头部、所述销毂及所述活塞边缘作为单一整体由钢铸造而成,
还包括多个第一加强肋,在所述油沟道底面上方,从所述外环的背面以及所述内环壁,部分伸入所述油沟道内,还包括第二加强肋,沿所述燃烧碗状壁的下表面延伸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的活塞,其特征在于,所述油沟道底面作为整体由钢铸造而成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的活塞,其特征在于,所述油沟道底面上铸有至少一个开口。
4.根据权利要求1所述的活塞,其特征在于,所述第一加强肋从所述燃烧碗状壁的下表面沿所述内环壁延伸。
5.根据权利要求4所述的活塞,其特征在于,所述第二加强肋于内环壁内侧径向沿所述燃烧碗状壁的下表面延伸。
6.根据权利要求1所述的活塞,其特征在于,所述销毂包括与所述油沟道连通的中空区域。
7.根据权利要求6所述的活塞,其特征在于,所述中空区域为鞍状,并在每一销毂内形成的销钻孔的任一侧上,于所述油沟道底面下方延伸入所述销毂。
8.根据权利要求4所述的活塞,其特征在于,所述内环壁的横断面比所述外环的横断面薄。
9.根据权利要求8所述的活塞,其特征在于,所述内环壁的横断面相对厚于所述燃烧碗状壁的横断面。
10.根据权利要求1所述的活塞,其特征在于,所述活塞边缘内铸有至少一个窗口。
11.根据权利要求10所述的活塞,其特征在于,包括四个所述窗口。
12.根据权利要求1所述的活塞,其特征在于,所述第一加强肋的径向厚度不同。
13.根据权利要求12所述的活塞,其特征在于,所述第一加强肋的最厚处位于具有所述销毂内一组销钻孔的公共轴的平面处。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US58977904P | 2004-07-21 | 2004-07-21 | |
US60/589,779 | 2004-07-21 | ||
US11/185,413 US7406941B2 (en) | 2004-07-21 | 2005-07-20 | One piece cast steel monobloc piston |
US11/185,413 | 2005-07-20 | ||
PCT/US2005/025751 WO2006014741A2 (en) | 2004-07-21 | 2005-07-21 | One piece cast steel monobloc piston |
Publications (2)
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CN101040136A CN101040136A (zh) | 2007-09-19 |
CN101040136B true CN101040136B (zh) | 2011-03-30 |
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CN2005800315208A Expired - Fee Related CN101040136B (zh) | 2004-07-21 | 2005-07-21 | 一体式铸钢整体活塞 |
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US (1) | US7406941B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1774205B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4950046B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101261302B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101040136B (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0513542A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2574718A1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2007000826A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2006014741A2 (zh) |
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DE102010020227B4 (de) * | 2010-05-11 | 2023-10-26 | Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer beliebig gestalteten Geometrie an Kolben von Brennkraftmaschinen und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
US20120097354A1 (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2012-04-26 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Sand casting a diesel piston with an as-cast, reentrant combustion bowl |
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-
2005
- 2005-07-20 US US11/185,413 patent/US7406941B2/en active Active
- 2005-07-21 BR BRPI0513542-7A patent/BRPI0513542A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-07-21 MX MX2007000826A patent/MX2007000826A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2005-07-21 JP JP2007522703A patent/JP4950046B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-07-21 CA CA002574718A patent/CA2574718A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-07-21 EP EP05773424.6A patent/EP1774205B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-07-21 KR KR1020077001525A patent/KR101261302B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2005-07-21 CN CN2005800315208A patent/CN101040136B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-07-21 WO PCT/US2005/025751 patent/WO2006014741A2/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
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EP1774205B1 (en) | 2018-06-06 |
JP4950046B2 (ja) | 2012-06-13 |
CN101040136A (zh) | 2007-09-19 |
US20060037471A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
CA2574718A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
WO2006014741A3 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
JP2008507657A (ja) | 2008-03-13 |
BRPI0513542A (pt) | 2008-05-06 |
KR101261302B1 (ko) | 2013-05-07 |
EP1774205A4 (en) | 2012-08-15 |
WO2006014741A2 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
US7406941B2 (en) | 2008-08-05 |
EP1774205A2 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
MX2007000826A (es) | 2007-05-23 |
KR20070033442A (ko) | 2007-03-26 |
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