CN100569204C - 具有包括弹性体部件的区域的一次性吸收制品 - Google Patents
具有包括弹性体部件的区域的一次性吸收制品 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
公开了一种具有液体可透过的顶片、液体不可透过的底片和位于所述顶片与所述底片之间的吸收芯的吸收制品。所述吸收制品包括连接到吸收制品的至少一个组件或区域上的拉伸区域或设置在其中的热塑性弹性体,以赋予为制品提供尺寸调节和成形能力的弹性阻力。所述吸收制品可为尿布、套穿尿布、训练裤、卫生巾、擦拭物、围兜、失禁贴身短内裤或衬垫的形式。
Description
发明领域
本发明通常涉及一次性吸收制品,如尿布、套穿尿布、训练裤、卫生巾、擦拭物、围兜、失禁贴身短内裤或插件等。更具体地讲,本发明涉及具有一个或多个包括弹性体部件的区域的此类吸收制品。此类部件被用于本发明的吸收制品中以提供所需的制品形状和/或赋予所需的应力和应变特性,以改进该制品在穿着者身上的贴合性和舒适性和/或增加使用者的便利。
发明背景
一次性吸收产品如尿布、训练裤、失禁制品典型地包括位于腰部区域和箍口区域的可拉伸材料如弹性线,从而使制品紧密贴合并获得良好的密封性。裤型吸收制品还包括位于侧面部分的可拉伸材料,从而使制品容易穿用和脱去并获得制品持续的贴合。可拉伸材料也已被用于一次性尿布的耳部以使制品具有可调节的贴合性。然而,最理想的是具有性能获得改进的材料以更好地限定由吸收制品的收缩部分性提供的拉伸力的方向性和强度。这样,这种期望的吸收制品将具有形状或尺寸适合穿着者以使贴合性和舒适性更佳的能力,同时还具有在穿着者身上保持所需张力的能力以获得持续贴合性并防止制品松垂和/或下垂。这类吸收制品会在吸收制品的不同区域产生更好的贴合性,例如尿布的裆部或腰区的舒适性得到改善。如果是尿布,更好的贴合性和舒适性也可赋予更好的功能性,例如由于尿布可更好地适形穿着者的体形从而可减少渗漏。这些特性迄今为止还未应用于吸收制品。
存在各种方法来为吸收制品的目标区域提供期望的可拉伸特性。可拉伸材料可以是由弹性体材料制成的带、薄膜或非织造纤维网。典型地,这种材料在至少一个方向并且可能的话在多个方向上是可拉伸的。然而,由于该薄膜或纤维网整个由弹性体材料制成,因此它们相对昂贵,并且在皮肤表面上趋向于产生更大的阻力,从而导致制品的穿着者感觉不适。有时,可拉伸带或薄膜被层压成一层或多层非织造纤维网。由于典型的非织造纤网典型地由热塑性纤维制成,因此它们仅具有非常有限的拉伸性,并且所得的层压材料会产生相当大的拉伸抗力。为了制造功能性拉伸层压材料,必需明显减小这种阻力。然而,应用时这些材料不具有足够的能力来根据穿着者身体结构的个体特征调节形状、大小或适形性。
也已知制造可拉伸材料的其它方法,例如可拉伸粘接层压法和颈缩粘接层压法。通过沿纵向(MD)拉伸弹性线,在其处于拉伸状态下将其层压至非织造底物和释放施加的张力使得非织造材料聚集并形成皱褶形状来制造拉伸粘接层压材料。通过首先沿纵向拉伸非织造底物使其颈缩(即,减小其横向尺寸),然后在底物仍处于拉伸、颈缩状态时将横向取向的弹性线粘接到底物上来制造颈缩粘接层压材料。这种层压材料在横向上可拉伸至少达到非织造材料在颈缩前的初始宽度。拉伸粘接和颈缩粘接的组合也已知可递送在MD和CD两个方向的拉伸。在这些方法中,当层压材料的部件被接合在一起时,至少一个部件处于拉紧(即,拉伸)状态。此外,这些材料不能有效地用于吸收制品中来赋予吸收制品使用者和穿着者所需的理想尺寸或形状的特性。
零应变拉伸层压材料也是已知的。零应变拉伸层压材料的制造方法是当弹性体和非织造材料均处于未拉紧状态时,将弹性体粘合到非织造材料上。层压材料然后被递增拉伸从而赋予拉伸特性。递增拉伸后的层压材料仅能拉伸到一定程度,该程度由层压材料的不可恢复(即,残余)的延展性来确定。例如,美国专利5,156,793公开了一种以非一致方式递增拉伸弹性体-非织造层压材料从而赋予所得层压材料弹性的方法。这些拉伸层压材料的行为类似于前述材料,因为它们不具有适应穿着者尺寸或体形的足够能力。
然而,在所有上述方法中,材料或层压材料分别制造然后再合并到吸收制品中。例如,在一种有时被称为“切割和滑动”法的方法中,本文所述的拉伸层压材料可被切割成适当的大小和形状,然后被粘附到产品中的所需位置。由于产品的不同元件需要不同的拉伸特性,因此需要制造多种多样的具有不同拉伸性的层压材料,并把层压材料切割成不同的尺寸和形状。可能需要几个切割和滑动单元来处理不同拉伸性的拉伸层压材料并把它们附着到产品的不同区域上。因为切割和滑动单元和/或步骤的数量倍增,这种方法很快会变得麻烦、复杂和昂贵。这些方法适于现代日用吸收制品的生产并且是满意的。然而,同样期望具有这样一种吸收制品,其具有所需的尺寸调节和/或成形的性质,而且它可被设置在吸收制品之内或之上,而不需要这种复杂和昂贵的“切割和滑动”方法。
本领域使用的一种切割和滑动方法的替代方法是将弹性体组合物印刷在底物上。示例性公开内容包括美国专利6,531,027、PCT申请03/039420和PCT申请WO 03/053308,美国专利6,531,027讨论使用粘合剂印刷方法粘附吸收制品的部件,PCT申请03/039420讨论将第一和第二弹性体组合物印刷到底物上,其中组合物在以下至少一种性质方面不同:弹性、熔融粘度、组成、形状、图案、附加量,PCT申请WO 03/053308讨论了将弹性粘合剂印刷在可拉伸的底物上以提供衣服穿着期间的拉伸力。
基于前文所述,期望具有这样一种吸收制品,其含有弹性可拉伸材料,使得它可根据需要进行拉伸,并仍然保持所需的弹性度以有利于持续贴合在穿着者身上。也期望具有这样一种材料,它可以轻易地以任何需要量设置在吸收制品的任何具体区域或其部件上。此外,期望有这样一种具有弹性特性的材料或复合物,其可轻易地借助于诸如印刷(包括凹版印刷、平版印刷、凸版印刷和丝网印刷技术)、挤压涂布、辊涂等之类的已知沉积技术放置在吸收制品的不连续、间隔开的区域或其部件上。
发明概述
本发明满足了前述的本领域的需要,本发明提供了一种包含具有弹性特性的材料的吸收制品,该材料以预定图案进行设置,限定给吸收制品的特定区域提供所需方向性和强度的拉伸区域。此类方向性和强度通过控制仅设置在吸收制品或其部件的某些区域或区块上的热塑性弹性体的数量、位置和方向进行控制。
依照本发明的一个方面,提供了一种吸收制品,该制品包括液体可透过的顶片、液体不可透过的底片和设置在所述顶片与所述底片之间的吸收芯。所述制品也可包括附加部件,如一个或多个耳部或侧片、腿箍、以及扣件、弹性带。在本发明的其它方面,用于吸收制品的所述材料具有一个或多个拉伸区域,其中所述拉伸区域可包括一个或多个所述部件的至少一部分。在本发明的另一个实施方案中,将多个所述拉伸区域组装成拉伸区域排列。
附图简述
图1是如本发明所述尿布的平面图;
图2是显示尿布底座的透视图,其中尿布底座具有其上设置了如本发明所述的一个或多个拉伸区域或排列的多个区域;
图3是如本发明所述的套穿尿布的透视图;
图4是图2套穿尿布的平面图;
图5A和5B是图3和4中所示的套穿尿布的截面图;
图6A-I显示其中尿布耳部具有呈各种样式的拉伸区域的本发明的尿布实施方案;
图7A和7B显示如本发明所述尿布的另一个实施方案,其中沿着吸收组件提供了拉伸区域给耳部,用于将所需的弹性特性赋予给所述尿布;
图8A-D图示说明一种尿布,其中在多个位置设置了拉伸区域以提供几种可供选择的样式来改善穿着者舒适性和贴合性;
图9是如本发明所述尿布的平面图,其中拉伸区域设置在尿布的耳部和前腰部分;
图10是如本发明所述的尿布的平面图,其中拉伸区域设置在后腰部分内,使得与尿布耳部存在至少部分纵向对齐;
图11是如本发明所述的在前裆部分具有拉伸区域的尿布的平面图;
图12是尿布的另一个平面图,其中拉伸区域沿尿布的侧向部分设置以便在腿部开口内提供所需的弹性特性;和
图13是尿布的透视图,其中拉伸区域用来给顶片提供弹性。
图14是一条示例性的应力-应变曲线,显示“可用应变”。
发明详述
定义
本文所用术语“一次性的”用于描述通常不打算洗涤、复原或作为吸收制品再使用的吸收制品(即,它们设计在一次性使用后丢弃,优选将其回收利用、堆肥处理或以其它与环境相容的方式进行处理)。
本文所用术语“设置”用于指在特定地点和位置以与其它部件的整体结构形式或者以与另一种部件结合的单独部件的形式形成的部件。
本文所用术语“接合”包括多种构型,由此通过将一种部件直接附加于另一种部件来使一种部件直接固定于另一种部件,以及由此通过将一种部件附加于中间部件,中间部件又附加于另一种部件来使一种部件间接固定于另一种部件。
“一体的”吸收制品是指由独立部分形成共同实体并相互联接而成的吸收制品,这样它们无需单独的处理部分,如单独的支持物和衬垫。
本文所用术语“尿布”是指通常由婴儿和失禁者围绕下体穿着的吸收制品。
“拉伸”是指当受到施加在至少一个尺寸方向上的拉力(即,张力)时,所述材料能够在该尺寸上拉伸超过它的原始长度。“拉伸”可以是单向的、双向的或是多向的。材料的具体“拉伸”特性可沿任何拉伸矢量而变化。本文使用的拉伸包括塑性变形和弹性变形。
本文所用术语“弹性的”或“弹性体的”是指对在施加偏置力时可拉伸至伸长长度为其松驰初始长度的至少约125%而不会裂开或破损,并在所施加的力释放后可至少恢复其伸长的约40%,优选基本恢复其初始长度的至少60%,最优选恢复其初始长度的约80%的任何材料。
本文所用术语“非弹性的”是指不属于上述“弹性”定义范围之内的任何材料。
本文所用术语弹性抗力描述随拉伸力而力图抵抗所施加的拉力、使所提供的材料随其趋于收缩至未拉伸构型的弹性力。弹性抗力采用下面的“测试方法”部分所描述的方法方便地进行测定。
“纵向”是指与制品的最大线性尺寸平行的方向,并且包括纵向±-45°范围内的方向。“侧向”或“横向”方向与纵向正交。“Z-方向”与纵向和横向正交。“x-y平面”是指与纵向和横向一致的平面。
本文所用术语“不可渗透的”通常是指在1.0kPa或更小的压力下,含水流体基本上不能渗透过其整个z向厚度的制品和/或元件。优选地,不可渗透的制品或元件在3.4kPa或更小的压力下不能渗透含水流体。更优选地,不可渗透的制品或元件在6.8kPa或更小的压力下不能渗透流体。非不可渗透的制品或元件是可渗透的。
本文所用术语“底物”是指任何具有单层或多层的材料,包括薄膜、开孔薄膜、非织造纤维网、织造纤维网、泡沫或其组合、或纤维质材料包括木浆、衍生或改性纤维素材料等。本文所用术语“纤维底物”是指由多种天然或合成材料或其任何组合的纤维组成的材料,包括例如非织造材料、织造材料、编织材料以及它们的任何组合。
本文所用术语“非织造材料”是指由连续长丝和/或短纤维制成的织物。非织造织物包括由梳理短纤维成网、气流或湿法短纤维成网和通过诸如纺粘和熔喷的挤出方法而制成的织物。非织造织物可包括一个或多个非织造材料层,其中每一层可包括连续长丝或短纤维。非织造材料也可包含双组分纤维,其可具有皮/芯结构、并列结构或其它已知的纤维结构。
“拉伸区域”是指具有弹性拉伸特性的吸收制品的一部分区域。拉伸区域可延伸通过制品的整体区域或部件,延伸通过多个区域或部件,或仅包括制品的一个或多个区域或部件的一部分。区域或部件也可包括各个拉伸区域排列。
术语“力线”描述穿过纤网材料或包括此类纤网材料的结构的路径,其基本上平行于其表面,连接材料中的两个点、区域或部件,以及在所述两个点、区域或部件之间施加张力时承受大部分张力。该术语也适用于位置、性质和方向极其接近的有效地起到单个路径作用的多个路径。路径的形状、宽度和应力/应变属性可通过改变预期位置处材料的应力/应变性质和路径的方向进行控制,以在路径上产生与路径近旁的区域相比更高的有效模量。由路径承载的张力比例取决于路径和邻近材料之间的有效模量差异。应当理解,力线可由本文所公开的任何拉伸元件几何形状限定。
优选的实施方案
如本发明的一个方面所述,提供了一种吸收制品,其包括液体可透过的顶片、液体不可透过的底片和设置在所述顶片与所述底片之间的吸收芯。所述制品也可包括一个或多个部件,例如但不限于耳部或侧片、腿箍、扣件和/或腰带。如本发明所述的吸收制品也具有一个或多个拉伸区域。在大多数情况下,此类拉伸区域将包括前述部件的至少一部分。在本发明的其它方面,拉伸区域包括具有设置在其上的弹性体组合物的底物。弹性体组合物在拉伸区域的至少一部分延伸时给拉伸区域提供弹性阻力。在本发明的优选实施方案中,弹性体组合物以预定的几何图案(即,形状和方向)设置在底物上以便以增强部件性能的方式提供此类弹性阻力。所述图案优选地使拉伸区域能够比典型的未组成图案的样式更有效地承载由将制品施用到穿着者身上和/或穿着者的调节运动和/或制品或制品的废弃内容物的重量而诱发的锚固载荷和拉伸力。
与之相适应地,如本发明所述的吸收制品必须包括至少一个拉伸区域,其中所述拉伸区域包括设置在底物上的弹性体组合物以便至少部分地渗透底物。拉伸区域的面积包括至少底物被弹性体组合物所覆盖的部分。典型地,此类拉伸区域具有下列性质:(1)弹性阻力(即,在25%应变时的载荷)为至少约0.05N/cm,优选为0.05N/cm至约50N/cm,更优选为约0.05N/cm至约40N/cm,并且最优选为0.25N/cm至约30N/cm;(2)残余变形百分比小于约15%,优选小于约12%,并且更优选小于约10%;和(3)应力松弛值小于约40%,优选小于约30%,并且更优选小于约25%。用于测定这些性质的方法在下面的“测试方法”部分给出。
在一些实施方案中,吸收制品可包括相关联的拉伸区域以便提供拉伸区域排列。这样一种排列可被设置在吸收制品的仅一个区域或部件上或可延伸越过两个或多个区域或部件。所述排列可包括相交的或不相交的拉伸区域。同样,排列中的拉伸区域可或是相互平行或是相对于彼此形成非零角度。当排列中的拉伸区域不相交时,切下各个拉伸区域并可测定它们的性质。然而,当拉伸区域在排列内部相交时,分离各个拉伸区域是不可能的。在这种情况下,排列应当如下面的“测试方法”部分所述进行取样和评价。
适合的弹性体组合物包括热塑性弹性体,其选自苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、茂金属-催化聚烯烃、聚酯、聚氨酯、聚醚酰胺以及它们的组合。适当的苯乙烯嵌段共聚物可以是具有至少一个苯乙烯嵌段的两嵌段、三嵌段、四嵌段或多嵌段共聚物。示例性苯乙烯嵌段共聚物包括苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯、苯乙烯-乙烯/丙烯-苯乙烯及类似物。商购苯乙烯嵌段共聚物包括购自位于德克萨斯州Houston的Shell Chemical Company的购自位于纽约州New York的Kuraray America,Inc.的和购自位于德克萨斯州Houston的Dexco Chemical Company的市售茂金属-催化聚烯烃包括购自位于德克萨斯州Baytown的Exxon Chemical Company的和购自位于密西根州Midland的Dow Chemical Company的和市售聚氨酯包括购自位于俄亥俄州Cleveland的Noveon,Inc.的市售聚醚酰胺包括购自宾夕法尼亚州Philadelphia的Atofina Chemicals的市售聚酯包括购自位于德拉瓦州Wilmington的E.I.DuPont de Nemours Co.。
弹性体组合物可还包含加工助剂和/或加工油料以调节组合物的熔融粘度到所需的范围。它们包括常规加工油料如矿物油,以及其它石油衍生的油和蜡如石蜡油、环烷油、凡士林、微晶蜡、石蜡或异链烷烃蜡。合成蜡例如费托蜡,天然蜡例如鲸蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、地蜡、蜂蜡、小烛树蜡、石蜡、纯地蜡、西班牙草蜡、小冠椰子蜡、rezowax,和其它已知的矿物蜡,也适用于本发明。烯烃或双烯低聚物和低分子量聚合物也适用于本发明。低聚物可以是重均分子量介于约350和约8000之间的聚丙烯、聚丁烯、氢化异戊二烯、氢化丁二烯,或类似物。
在本发明的一个重要方面,弹性体组合物基本上不含增粘剂。增粘剂是在粘合剂领域中熟知作为添加到粘合剂组合物中以便增加其粘合性质(例如,剥离力)的一种成份。这提供了重要的有益效果,因为除了增加粘合剂材料的粘着性以外,由于增粘剂的存在,对于拉伸特性最终降低的组合物中的任何聚合物,增粘剂起到增塑剂的作用。采用2004年5月29日以Desai等人的名义提交的名称为“Letterpress Application of ElastomericComposition”的共同未决的美国专利申请60/557,272(P&G案例号9592P)中所描述的方法,对于标准底物(购自俄亥俄州Cleveland的McMasterCarr的#2B精处理的304不锈钢),对于标准底物(购自俄亥俄州Cleveland的McMaster Carr的#2B精处理的304不锈钢),弹性体组合物的优选实施方案具有很低的剥离力。适用的弹性体组合物的剥离力在使用前述申请中所述的方法进行评价时小于约3N/cm,更优选小于约2N/cm,甚至更优选小于约1N/cm,并且最优选小于约0.8N/cm。
在一个实施方案中,可将相变溶剂加入到弹性体组合物中降低其熔融粘度,赋予组合物在175℃或更低的温度下的可加工性,而无需显著牺牲组合物的弹性和机械性能。相变溶剂的详细公开内容可见于美国专利申请10/429,432中。可供选择地,弹性体组合物也可包含上述热塑性弹性体的低分子量弹性体和/或弹性体前体,和任选地交联剂,或它们的组合。低分子量弹性体或弹性体前体的重均分子量介于约45,000和约150,000之间。
用于本发明的适用弹性体组合物无需进一步处理即具有弹性,并且它们不包括任何沸点低于150℃的挥发性溶剂。
在某些实施方案中,弹性体组合物可包括前体组分,其在弹性体组合物已经被沉积到底物上之后通过后处理步骤进行激活,以改善或增强其弹性和包括强度、模量等在内的其它特性。例如,2003年7月1日以Ashraf等人的名义提交的共同未决的美国专利申请10/610,605中所描述的热塑性弹性体,包括具有至少一个刚性嵌段和至少一个柔性嵌段的弹性体嵌段共聚物、大分子光引发剂、加工油料和任选地包含这种弹性前体的热塑性聚合物和/或交联剂。典型地,后处理包括借助于化学、加热、辐射方法(例如紫外线辐射或电子束辐射)以及它们的组合烘干、交联、固化或聚合。
在某些优选的实施方案中,拉伸区域或拉伸区域排列可包括一种以上的弹性体组合物。在此类实施方案中,第一组合物将具有下列性质至少之一:比沉积到拉伸区域或拉伸区域排列上的任何其它弹性体组合物更大的弹性阻力、当与沉积到拉伸区域或拉伸区域排列上的任何其它弹性体组合物相比时残余变形降低和应力松弛降低。可供选择地,拉伸区域排列的某些部分可包括第一弹性体组合物并且其它部分可包括一种或多种不同的组合物。
底物提供了用于弹性体组合物沉积的连续介质并有助于拉伸区域的至少一部分最终强度。例如,对于其中该实施方案包含具有间隔开拉伸区域的排列的实施方案,连续介质是重要的。在(例如,由纤维底物提供的)某些实施方案中,底物还可为皮肤提供柔软、布状的感觉使穿着者更舒适。合适的底物包括但不限于:本领域已知的薄膜、开孔薄膜、泡沫、针织织物、机造纤维网或非织造纤维网。在一些实施方案中,底物是由聚烯烃纤维或长丝如聚乙烯,或聚丙烯制成的可延展非织造纤维网。底物材料可以是弹性的或非弹性的、可延展的或不可延展的、可拉伸的或不可拉伸的。优选的底物具有三维形态(即,通过纤维、凸出、洞等之间的间隔),其有利于热塑性弹性体渗透到如下所述的底物中。
适当的弹性体组合物以能够影响渗透入底物的至少部分渗透性的流体或类流体状态被涂敷到底物上。此类部分渗透性必须足以提供所得的弹性体组合物和底物之间的附连使得在后续的工步、运输和制品穿着周期保持完整。优选地,仅渗入足以使制品在随后的加工和使用过程中提供所需完整性的弹性体组合物。例如,如果底物为纤维状底物,据信对弹性体组合物渗入约一或两个纤维直径的深度足以提供这种完整性。在沉积到底物上时实现热塑性弹性体底物的充分渗透的方法除了其它机构以外还包括:将弹性体吸附进底物基质中、渗透过底物厚度的全部或一部分、吞没或裹住来自底物的三维突起(即,纠缠在底物和组合物之间)、渗透底物上的孔、润湿底物的三维表面等等。
为促进此类部分渗透,依照公布的美国专利申请2003/0091807A1所公开的方法,弹性体组合物相适应地具有在175℃下约1至约1000Pa·s的熔融粘度、5%的应变和1s1的剪切速率。优选地,熔融粘度介于约5和约500Pa·s之间,并且更优选为约10至约400Pa·s。与典型的熔融挤出和/或纤维纺丝方法相比,此类弹性体组合物适用于在更低的粘度和/或更低的温度下操作的施用方法。
弹性体组合物可被施用于拉伸区域,得到的总添加量为约5至约200g/m2,优选为约20至约150g/m2,并且更优选为约50至约100g/m2。
拉伸区域排列可具有未被弹性体组合物覆盖的敞开面积,该面积占所述区域总表面积的约5%至约90%,优选占约10%至约60%,并且更优选占约20%至约40%。应当理解,所需的敞开面积取决于设置排列的具体情况、区域或特征。与采用薄膜或薄片的传统层压技术所需的相比,弹性体组合物的选择性沉积使用更少的材料用量。与弹性体组合物的选择性沉积相结合的纤维底物可为所得复合材料提供比包含纤维网层和薄膜或薄片层的层压材料更低的基重和更高的透气性。
应当理解,本文所述的拉伸区域也可用于与本领域所述的拉伸部件联合使用(此类拉伸部件包括但不限于弹性化的腰部、弹性化的腰带、耳部、侧片、腿箍或扣件。参见下面在“适用于本发明所有实施方案的尿布组件说明”部分对于此类部件的讨论)。应当理解,将本发明的拉伸区域与本领域的拉伸部件组合可提供二者自身不能提供的有益效果。例如,可采用弹性体薄膜来给使用如美国专利6,303,208中所述的弹性体的、透气的三维复合材料所形成的拉伸部件提供第一水平的弹性阻力,并且拉伸部件各部分可还包括本发明的拉伸区域以增强拉伸部件上预定位置处的弹性阻力。类似的结构也可通过用一个或多个弹性带或纤维代替弹性体薄膜并为其提供如本发明所述拉伸区域进行制造。
参见图1,其描述了呈敞开式或带式尿布10形式的吸收制品。应当理解,虽然图1至3描述了一种尿布,但本发明也考虑了其它可穿戴的吸收制品,例如环绕或包围穿着者身体的至少一部分或其换句话讲固定到穿着者身上的月经制品和成人失禁产品。尿布10具有纵向中心线12和横向中心线14作为本讨论的参考系。尿布10可具有一对相对的端边16和18、一对相对的侧边20和22、后腰区24、前腰区26、设置在对应的所述前后腰区26和24中间的裆区28和一对腿区30和32。这些各个区域的准确尺寸根据尿布10的尺寸而变化,然而一般而言,裆区28、前腰区26和后腰区24相当于沿着纵向中心线12相等的三分之一部分。腿区30和32通常相当于在裆区28处横跨尿布10宽度的四分之一区域,以及裆区28自身相当于尿布10宽度中间剩下的四分之二或一半。
尿布10也可包括通常设置在前腰区26和/或后腰区24上的侧边20、22横向外侧的一个或多个耳部或侧片34、36、38和40。在可闭合的尿布10中,至少一个扣紧元件42被设置在一个或多个侧片34和36上,并适于被固定到纵向相对的前侧片38和40的至少一部分上,或前腰区26的外表面的一部分上或它们的组件上。附带的扣紧元件44显示为向后折叠的构型以暴露机械扣件46,其显示为钩环扣紧***的吊钩,其市售自3M或Velcro Industries。扣紧元件44能够接合嵌入位于尿布10外表面上的着陆区27内的套环物。
依照本发明,当需要提供所需的弹性时,区域24、26、28、30、32、34、36、38、40、42或44中的任何一个或多个可包括拉伸区域或拉伸区域排列。这样,尿布10可优选构型为应用时适于具体穿着者的身体,并且穿着时保持与穿着者的身体协调(即,具有少量松垂应当同样保持贴合性,从而获得持续的贴合性)。尿布10的任何区域可包括拉伸区域或拉伸区域排列。前腰区26和/或后腰区24和/或侧片区34、36、38和/或40优选包括至少一个热塑性弹性体的拉伸区域,以便适应更宽的穿着者腰部尺寸范围(即,提供更宽的贴合性范围)和/或在穿着者腰部圆周周围提供足够的张力。这向穿着者皮肤提供了足够的法向力以使得将尿布10相对于穿着者身体锚定,从而提供持续的贴合性。
每个拉伸区域在任何方向上可具有连续的或不连续的性能,其中不同的性能包括化学成分、弹性延展性、最大伸长、其它应力/应变性能、矢量或角度、基重、形状、尺寸、三维形态、视觉特性等等。拉伸区域可具有连续的性能(例如,因为弹性体组合物、底物材料、处理等具有较均匀的性质)。可供选择地,由于给拉伸区域提供了非均匀的性能,拉伸区域可具有不连续的性能。排列可包括具有相同或不同性质的拉伸区域。适用的拉伸区域排列包括多个直的或弯曲的线或带、直线形、曲线形、其它常规或非常规几何形状,以及它们的组合,这些将在下文更详细地进行描述。两个拉伸区域可纵向间隔或相邻,侧向间隔或相邻,或者拉伸区域可以这样的排列至少部分重叠。在一个排列内部,各个拉伸区域可在性质、几何形状、相对方向、间距、或弹性或延展性上不同。在某些实施方案中,至少一个拉伸区域的至少一部分可为视觉上不同的。拉伸区域可与其它弹性的、可延展或不可延展的材料如薄膜、纤维网、线股等结合形成层压材料。
一种包括拉伸区域排列的示例性尿布底座为如图2中所示的尿布底座250。尿布底座250可包括液体不可渗透的底片和由非织造材料制成的外覆盖件。可包含其它底座组件,然而为清楚显示本发明的拉伸区域排列起见,该底座组件未进行描述。在一个实施方案中,热塑性弹性体可以在区域252、254、256、258和260中产生不同的拉伸区域排列的方式被设置在标准的液体不可渗透的底片材料上。借助于实例,区域252中的排列可包括第一热塑性弹性体组合物,同时区域254、256、258和/或260中的排列可包括不同的组合物或包括以不同构型(厚度、宽度、图案等)设置的第一组合物。在某些情况下,为提高在穿着者身上的贴合性起见,各个拉伸区域特性是对称的,因为区域252和260上的排列具有类似的特性,区域254和258上的排列也具有类似的特性,同时区域256上的排列具有第三类型的弹性特性。然而应当理解,这并不是必需的并且区域252、254、256、258和260上的各个排列可根据弹性特性、尺寸、形状和组合物独立地和显著地改变而不背离本发明的范围。
现在参见显示裤370的图3、4和5A-B。本文所用术语“裤”是指为婴儿或成人穿着者设计的、具有腰部开口和腿部开口的一次性衣服。可将裤预成形的任何合适技术包括但不限于利用可重复扣紧的和/或不可重复扣紧的粘结(例,缝合、焊接、粘合剂、粘性粘结、扣件等)将制品的各部分粘接在一起。沿制品圆周的任何位置可对裤预成形(例如,侧扣紧、前腰区扣紧)。虽然本文使用术语“裤”,但裤通常也称为“紧身尿布”、“预紧固尿布”、“套穿尿布”、“训练裤”和“尿布裤”。适用的裤被公开于美国专利5,246,433、美国专利5,569,234、美国专利6,120,487、美国专利6,120,489、美国专利4,940,464、美国专利5,092,861、2002年6月13日提交的名称为“Highly Flexible And Low Deformation Fastening Device”的美国专利申请10/171,249、美国专利5,897,545、美国专利5,957,908中。
裤370可包括拉伸区域以赋予所需的弹性特性,使它可容易地进行穿戴并保持更好的贴合性和舒适性。与尿布10类似,拉伸区域可被包括在裤370上的任何位置。图3是裤370的透视图以及图4以平面图显示了裤370。如图中所示,裤370具有纵向中心线360、横向中心线362、前腰区364(与前腰边缘365相邻)、裆区366和后腰区368(与后腰边缘369相邻)。如可在图5A-B中最清楚看出的,裤370可包括吸收组件,吸收组件包括液体可透过的顶片372、液体不可透过的底片374和设置在顶片372与底片374之间的吸收芯376。外覆盖件378(典型地包括非织造材料)被设置在裤370的外表面上。两对侧片380、382和384、386在前腰区364和后腰区368被附连到外覆盖件378上,其又被附连到吸收组件的底片374上以便为穿着者形成一对腿部开口和腰部开口。优选地,在侧片380、382、384和/或386的至少一个中设置拉伸区域区域。裤370的拉伸区域也包括腰区364、366、阻碍腿箍388和390。例如腿弹性部件392、394和/或阻碍腿箍弹性部件396、398中的任何一个或两个都可包括弹性体组合物,其中组合物被设置在底物上以便在图5A和5B所示的部件之一中形成拉伸区域。
腰带结构(未示出)也可包括本发明的拉伸区域。一个这种可供选择的结构包括耳部和/或侧片以及至少一部分腰部功能。在另一个可供选择的腰带结构中,可形成整个环绕穿着者腰部的腰带(即,360度腰带),例如方法是邻近前和后腰边缘365、369沉积一个或多个横走向的拉伸区域(或其排列)以便在穿着者腰部周围形成一个张力带。这样的拉伸区域也可包括图7A、7B和8A-D中所示的那些。
参见图6A-I,其中描述了用于可闭合的敞开式或带式尿布612的各种侧片604、606、608、610。应当理解,侧片604、606、608、610每个均具有相对于纵向中心线650以预定角度(通常平行)设置的内边缘634、636、638和640。应当理解,如本文所述的侧片604、606、608和610与尿布10或250或裤370的图1至4中所述的任何侧片或耳部以及与图6B-6I的任何侧片605、607、609、611、613、615、617和619是可互换的。描述了拉伸区域箭头614、616来显示在尿布中典型侧片的合乎所需的示例性的力矢量。在尿布612区域中给定拉伸区域的尺寸取决于在尿布612的那个给定区域中拉伸区域的功能和所需的拉伸/延伸矢量614、616。每个拉伸区域可比其中主要设置它的尿布612的区域更小或更大。给定拉伸区域也可与尿布612的其它区域重叠。
参见图6B-6I,侧片605的各种直线拉伸区域618可被构型为通常宽度小于约2mm以及典型地小于约1mm的直线或股。直线拉伸区域618也可被构型为通常宽度介于约2mm和约40mm之间以及纵横比在约2∶1至约100∶1范围内的带。直线拉伸区域618也可相对于横向中心线651以角度进行设置(图6B和6F)。优选的角度在0±70°范围内。主要为侧取向的拉伸区域通常比一般为纵取向的那些更宽并且模量更高。曲线拉伸区域620可相对于纵向或横向中心线650、651或二者呈凹形或凸形,并且曲率半径大于约1mm,优选地大于约10mm,更优选地大于约50mm。曲率任选地在拉伸区域620的长度或“路径”上为可变的。典型地,拉伸区域618和/或620的厚度可在约0.02mm至约5mm的范围内,以及基重在约20g/m2至约300g/m2的范围内。
本发明另外的示例性实施方案显示于下列图中,具有侧片607的图6C、具有侧片609的图6D、具有侧片611的图6E、具有侧片613的图6F、具有侧片615的图6G、具有侧片617的图6H和具有侧片619的图6I。所有这些侧片609、611、613、615、617、619可与前述尿布10或裤尿布70的尿布底座为一整体或单独连接到前述尿布10或裤370的尿布底座上。同样拉伸区域618和620中的全部包括如本文所述的弹性体组合物。图6D-6I显示施用到扣紧元件624的一部分或形成作为扣紧元件624的一部分以赋予本发明其它所需弹性特性的附加拉伸区域622。
可供选择地,一个或多个(但不是全部)拉伸区域618、620可包括与用来形成拉伸区域618、620的余下部分的组合物不同的弹性体组合物。例如,参见图6B和6C,位于拉伸区域618余下部分的纵向外侧(即,靠近后腰末端635)的某些拉伸区域618可包括具有较高弹性模量的弹性体组合物,以便绕穿着者的腰部圆周提供更大的弹性阻力。可供选择地(图6B),拉伸区域618可包括第一弹性体组合物,拉伸区域620可包括第二弹性体组合物。同样,拉伸区域618位于拉伸区域620的纵向外侧。
可供选择地,直线拉伸区域618或曲线拉伸区域620排列或两者可包括螺旋的或者重叠或缠结的构型,例如网纹线排列。合适的拉伸区域形状(未示出)包括矩形、圆形、椭圆形、菱形、三角形、平行四边形、梯形、楔形、或者其它截面的圆形或椭圆形、其它多边形、或其它不规则的封闭形。
拉伸区域排列的一个尤其优选的实施方案示于图6I中,其中侧片619包括一对网纹线排列625、627。如其中所示,排列625、627均包括多个呈重叠、网纹线图案的直线拉伸区域618,其中各个拉伸区域618具有或是主要地横取向或是主要地纵取向。正如本文将要认识和描述的,拉伸区域618也可相对于中心线成除0°或90°之外的角度。
在图6I所示侧片619的一个实施方案中,排列625具有与排列627不同的机械性能。具体地讲,第一排列625具有比第二排列625更低的可用应变。本文所用“可用应变”是其中弹性抗力随所施加的伸长而急剧增加时的应变。此类变化典型地发生在所施加的伸长已经达到了抗力的大部分通过底物被提供给拉伸区域的位置之时。在所施加的伸长小于可用应变时,弹性抗力基本上通过弹性体组合物被提供给拉伸区域。这种可用应变上的差异是因为排列627必须能够伸长到更大的范围以便适形于穿着者全范围的腿部运动。类似地,第一排列625具有与第二排列627相比不同的弹性阻力。相应地,排列625的弹性阻力在25%应变时介于约0.05N/cm和约50N/cm之间,优选介于约0.1N/cm和约40N/cm之间,更优选介于约1N/cm和约30N/cm之间。排列625伸长25%时的弹性阻力与排列627伸长25%时的弹性阻力的比率适宜地大于约1.25∶1,优选大于约1.5∶1,更优选介于约2.0∶1和约6.0∶1之间。排列625和627的可用应变之间的差异适宜地为至少约25%(即,如果排列625具有约25%的可用应变,则排列627的可用应变将是至少约50%),优选地差异为至少约50%。
参见图7A和7B,其描述了尿布730(类似于尿布10并具有纵向中心线738、横向中心线739、后腰末端735和前腰末端737),其中侧片732、733的腰部和股部优选地包括如所示的那样在张力和/或角度方面变化的不同拉伸区域734和736。优选地,靠近尿布730的后腰末端735的侧片拉伸区域734可被定向为与横向中心线739成约0至约-50度的角度,更优选地与横向中心线739成介于约-5度和约-40度之间的角度。优选地,拉伸区域736可被定向与横向中心线739成约0至约+70度的角度,更优选地与横向中心线739成介于约+20度和约+60度之间的角度。一个优选的侧片732拉伸区域实施方案包括与横向中心线739方向成约-10至-20°的拉伸区域734和与横向中心线739方向成约+20°至+50°的拉伸区域736。
在某些优选的实施方案中,至少一个侧片拉伸区域736可与外腿箍弹性部件740、742的末端对齐,以使腿箍弹性部件能够有效拉伸,从而用图7B中所示拉伸区域736以及740、742的组合环绕穿着者的腿部。就是说,外腿箍弹性部件740、742和侧片拉伸区域相配合以提供基本连续的力线来环绕穿着者的腿部。
在其它优选的实施方案中,与后腰末端735或前腰末端737相邻的至少一个腰区也具有一个或多个腰部拉伸区域744、745、746、747。在此类实施方案中,腰部拉伸区域744、745、746、747可与与后腰末端735相邻设置的耳部拉伸区域734对齐以便提供基本连续的力线环绕穿着者的腰部。取决于尿布730的样式,这样一个力线可沿着穿着者的下运动区而行(参见下面)或在环绕腰部的同时与穿着者身体的另一部分并置。
不管侧片732的具体构造、组成、或几何形状、或拉伸特性如何,腰股部分的拉伸区域734和736优选能够相对于彼此基本独立地起作用。某些实施方案可包括在腿部和股部之间起到过渡作用的附加侧片拉伸区域(未示出),即,“过渡区域”。过渡区域与腿部或腰部区域相比可具有不同的拉伸特性(或甚至根本不具有弹性),并起到隔绝或分隔由腿和腰片引起的变形的作用,使它们能够单独作用而彼此间不相互作用。在包括侧片过渡区域的实施方案中,过渡区域可为基本上可延展的以进一步促进在侧片的腰部和股部区域之间的独立动作,同时仍然提供足够的拉伸性来适应在被穿着者穿着时腰和股区域的相对运动,帮助控制过渡区域的皱曲和/或折叠。
参见图8A-D,至少一个拉伸区域851的排列850可被包括在尿布830的腰区中。拉伸区域851的排列850可具有相似的不同的弹性或延展性程度,并可呈现任何几何形状或方向。例如,在图8A中,拉伸区域851的排列850位于尿布830的腰部末端835处,反之图8B显示其中排列850与腰部末端835偏离的另一个实施方案。在图8C中的穿着者852的局部侧视图上,如所示的那样,具有通常位于下后腰区上的排列850可为优选的。这样,当制品于臀部的凸出处(即,“臀部架”)或正好在臀部的凸出处上向穿着者身体施加张力时,穿着者852将感受到最大的贴合性和舒适性,这有助于制品的整体锚定能力(即,其防止松垂的能力)。换句话讲,排列850和拉伸区域862、864、866、868和870(图8D中所示)相配合相对于下运动区域853(即,将臀部上后部的腰椎曲线连接到穿着者身体852的腹部褶皱下面的直线或区域)将尿布830保持在最佳的贴合构型以使它们的性能最大化。对于下运动区域的更详细的讨论,参见美国专利5,358,500。
在某些优选的实施方案中,如图8D中尿布830的局部平面图所示,排列850包括具有较高局部弹性阻力的与腰部末端835对齐的一个或多个拉伸区域854(即,“高张力”拉伸区域854)。高张力拉伸区域854可与腰部末端835相邻或可被设置在其内侧。典型地,高张力拉伸区域854被设置在距尿布830的腰部末端835约零和30mm之间。优选地,高张力拉伸区域854被设置距腰部末端835小于约20mm。通常,高张力拉伸区域854的排列850可与穿着者852身上的区域856相对应,其就在臀部858的上曲率之上或之中,其中高张力拉伸区域854的作用是通过给由臀部858产生的几何“框架”施加法向力给尿布830来提供附加的锚固能力。高张力拉伸区域854另外保持尿布830的腰部末端835贴住穿着者的背部860,防止后腰出现间隙。
在包括在尿布830的腰部末端835处或附近的拉伸区域854的排列850和贯穿制品的后腰和裆部的多个区域的实施方案中,腰部末端835的其余部分可具有较低的弹性阻力、可主要是可延展的、或是可包括具有两者中任一种性质的区域。总之,此腰部末端835区域(即,不包括拉伸区域850或854的区域)可以是低张力区域。
再次参见图8D,拉伸区域862可基本上平行于侧片832和833的各自的近侧边缘864和866。任选地,过渡拉伸区域868和870可设置中间拉伸区域854和868、870。拉伸区域854可提供主要锚定功能以及拉伸区域862、868和870可提供动态腿部运动适应功能。尽管拉伸区域854、868和870均提供弹性阻力,本发明允许在角度和方向两个方面上定制这样的力来满足锚固和运动适应功能的不同需要。再次参见图8C,优选地覆盖穿着者臀部858的区域包括至少一个可延展的拉伸区域以便当尿布穿在穿着者852大腿之间时提供其合适的覆盖范围、适形于穿着者852形体和减轻在尿布830的裆部和腰部末端835区域之间的过渡区域域上的应力。(图8A、B和D)。如前所述,侧片832和833可包括截然不同的具有不同功能的拉伸区域854、862、868和870,以及可为在整个拉伸区域上具有不同特性的单个拉伸元件,或在拉伸区域854、862、868和870之间具有物理轮廓例如狭缝、孔或其它变形。然而,拉伸区域854和862优选包括彼此之间具有不同性质、几何形状和/或尺寸的拉伸元件或拉伸元件排列。
典型地,拉伸区域854在变形到25%伸长率时显示具有至少约0.05N/cm的弹性阻力。优选地,拉伸区域854在变形到25%伸长率时显示具有介于约0.05N/cm和约50N/cm之间的弹性阻力,更优选介于0.1N/cm和约40N/cm之间,并且最优选介于1N/cm和约30N/cm之间。优选地,拉伸区域854经历小于约40%的力弛豫以及小于约15%的残留变形。典型地,拉伸区域854的最大伸长率将为至少约25%,优选介于约50%和约300%之间。典型地,拉伸区域862当变形到25%伸长率时显示具有至少约0.05N/m的弹性阻力。优选地,拉伸区域862当变形到25%伸长率时显示具有介于约0.1N/m和约8N/cm之间的弹性阻力。优选地,拉伸区域862经历小于约40%的力弛豫以及小于约15%的残留变形。典型地,拉伸区域862的最大伸长率将为至少约25%,优选介于约50%和约200%之间。此外,拉伸区域868和870在伸长时在给定延长下可显示具有比拉伸区域854和862中的任何一个更低的抗力。典型地,拉伸区域854与拉伸区域868或870的弹性阻力的比率为至少1.25∶1,优选为至少1.5∶1,并且最优选介于约2.0∶1和6.0∶1之间。无论各个拉伸区域854、862、868和870的强度特性如何,侧片832和833在延伸到25%时的总张力优选小于20N,以及力弛豫小于40%。
参见图9,其描述了其中前腰区926可包括至少一个拉伸区域972的尿布910。拉伸区域972的功能是当穿着者移动和/或变动位置时动态适应穿着者腹部的收缩和扩展周期,从而防止前腰松垂。拉伸区域972优选与尿布910的前腰末端918大体对齐。在包括设置在前腰末端918内或附近的扣紧着陆区927的可闭合型尿布910中,所述着陆区927可被成型为一种使尿布910的前腰末端918呈现凹度928的构型。在这些实施方案中,拉伸区域972可延展到着陆区凹度928内,如图9所示。
尽管位于后腰区的紧靠着如尿布910上所示的裆区976的臀部区974可包括或是弹性的或是可延展的部分或它们的组合,在优选的实施方案中,臀部区974可具有热塑性弹性体的图案以便给其中的拉伸区域提供低水平的弹性阻力,使臀部区974更好地适形于穿着者身体以适应最大的穿着者腰围(即,臀部),包括吸收芯950的体积,使臀部区974能够具有比后腰末端916区域更低的作用在穿着者上的张力。臀部区974可具有延展性的拉伸区域,允许从穿着者腿之间的狭窄裆区976更光滑地几何过渡到侧片934和936,所述侧片可具有类似于图9D中所述的用于锚定的那些拉伸区域。臀部区974优选可比腰部末端916区域伸长更多以适应穿着者的身体形状。
参见图10,其显示了尿布1030的另一个实施方案,其中腰区上的拉伸区域1078可优选地与侧片1032和1033以及设置在侧片1032和1033上的扣件1080和1082对齐以便产生基本连续的绕腰部的张力线来有助于顺从持续的贴合性。如图10所示,拉伸区域1078优选地至少部分与连接扣件1082纵向外侧边缘1092、1094的两条假想线1084和1086重叠。
参见图11,其显示了尿布1110上在前裆区1128跨进前腰区1126的拉伸区域排列1104。包括排列1104的拉伸区域可主要平行于尿布1110的纵向中心线1112,通过沿着如箭头1106所示的中心线1112提供弹性阻力允许在前裆区1128中更好地贴合。排列1104应当仅具有低弹性阻力以便不会将尿布1110的正面拉下,从而导致松垂。同样,排列1104应当具有低可用应变以便它在纵向上少量应变之后遇到力墙以改进前腰区域的覆盖范围。典型地,排列1104在25%应变时提供介于约0.005N/cm和约5N/cm之间,优选介于约0.01N/cm和约2N/cm之间的弹性阻力。在某些实施方案中,弹性阻力的范围为约0.1N至约1N/cm。
排列1104的可用应变在纵向上小于约100%,优选小于约50%,并且更优选小于约25%。对于整个尿布而言,在5N荷载下在纵向上的最大延展小于约20cm,优选小于约10cm,并且更优选小于约5cm。优选地,最大延展性的区域基本上与纵向中心线1112对齐并重叠。在另一个实施方案中,排列1104可用提供等量弹性阻力的单独的拉伸区域(未示出)进行替代。优选地,最大延展性的区域基本上与纵向中心线1112对齐并重叠。在另一个实施方案中,排列1104可用提供等量弹性阻力的单独的拉伸区域(未示出)进行替代。可供选择地,排列1104也可包括在纵向中心线1112的横向外侧并与其成角度且如由图11中的箭头1108和1109所示朝向尿布1110的前拐角分开的拉伸区域。这些张力线或弧可主要为弹性的以便借助于合适的张力线或“路径”为吸收芯提供合适的支承,并通过将这些载荷“连接”到制品的锚固区保持在穿着者腰部。可供选择地,这些“载荷分配元件”可包括裆区1128和前腰区1126周围区域内的线、弧、带、或其它无拉伸性的几何形状区域,并且可拉伸以适应穿着者的起身,同时外侧不可拉伸载荷分配元件提供对多余载荷的支撑。
参见图12,其显示了尿布1210的另一个实施方案,其中腿区1230可包括拉伸区域1212和1214。优选地,拉伸区域1212和1214基本平行于纵向中心线1205并且是高度弹性的。可供选择地,拉伸区域1212和1214也可以是曲线或与纵向中心线1205成角度。腿区1232各部分可包括一个或多个附加可延展拉伸区域1216和1218,其方向与尿布1210的纵向中心线1205成角度。典型地,拉伸区域1216和1218可与纵向中心线1205成约45度至约90度的角度,以及优选地成45至60度的角度。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,本文所述的拉伸区域也可被提供给顶片。例如,图13中显示了尿布1310。尿布1310包括预片1324、底片1326和它们之间的芯部1328。顶片1324也具有孔1330,孔具有周边1340。如图13中可见,顶片1324还具有一对横向相对的拉伸区域1343、1344,其也包括周边1340的一部分。拉伸区域1343、1344从前腰区1336伸出贯穿裆区1337至后腰区1338。拉伸区域1343、1344提供弹性阻力,使尿布1310在图13所示的松弛状态呈现杯状构型。这种弹性阻力帮助确保顶片1324和穿着者身体之间理想的身体接触。在图13所示的优选实施方案中,这种身体接触帮助确保孔1330和顶片1326联合产生一个可容忍的松垂***箍帮助隔离身体***物与穿着者的身体接触。此类箍被更详细地描述于2004年9月30日公布的、以Mueller等人名义提交的名称为“Articles with Cuffs”的共同未决的美国专利申请2004/0193134 A1中。
适用于本发明所有实施方案的尿布组件说明
图1至13中所有实施方案都具有尿布组件,其可采用下文所述的一种或多种材料、设计和组装方法而不背离本发明的范围。虽然任何制品组件均可组装成多种熟知的构型,但示例性的尿布构型描述于美国专利3,860,003、美国专利5,151,092、美国专利5,221,274、以及美国专利5,554,145、美国专利5,569,234、美国专利5,580,411和美国专利6,004,306中。
示例性透气材料可包括诸如机织纤维网、非织造纤维网之类的材料、诸如膜包衣的非织造纤维网之类的复合材料、诸如由日本Mitsui Toatsu Co.制造并命名为ESPOIR NO的和由德克萨斯州Bay City的ExxonChemical Co.制造并命名为EXXAIRE的微孔薄膜,以及诸如由俄亥俄州Cincinnati的Clopay Corporation制造并名称为HYTREL blend P18-3097的单片薄膜。一些透气复合材料更详细地描述于美国专利6,187,696、美国专利5,938,648、美国专利5,865,823和美国专利5,571,096中。
所述制品可包括结构上类弹性的薄膜纤维网,其是在伸长方向显示具有类弹性行为而不使用添加的弹性材料的延展性物质,并且更详细地描述于美国专利5,518,801中。在可供选择的实施方案中,底片可包括弹性体薄膜、泡沫、线股或这些的组合或含非织造材料或合成纤维的其它合适材料。
用作吸收芯的示例性吸收结构描述于美国专利4,610,678、美国专利4,673,402、美国专利4,834,735、美国专利4,888,231、美国专利5,137,537、美国专利5,147,345、美国专利5,342,338、美国专利5,260,345、美国专利5,387,207和美国专利5,625,222中。
合适的吸收和非吸收子层描述于欧洲专利申请EP 0 847 738 A1和美国专利5,941,864中。此外,所述子层或其任何部分可包括或涂敷以洗剂或其它已知的物质,以增加、增强或改变该元件的性能或其它特性。
一些示例性表面扣紧***公开于美国专利3,848,594、美国专利B14,662,875、美国专利4,846,815、美国专利4,894,060、美国专利4,946,527、本文前面引用的美国专利5,151,092和美国专利5,221,274中。一种示例性的互锁扣紧***公开于美国专利6,432,098中。扣紧***也可:提供将制品保持在处理构型的部件,如美国专利4,963,140中所公开;包括主要和辅助扣紧***,如美国专利4,699,622中所公开;提供减少重叠部分移动或改进贴合性的部件,如美国专利5,242,436中所公开;提供防止穿着者腹部产生缝隙的部件,如美国专利5,499,978、美国专利5,507,736和美国专利5,591,152中所公开。
合适的训练裤和套穿尿布公开于美国专利5,246,433、美国专利5,569,234、美国专利6,120,487、美国专利6,120,489、美国专利4,940,464和美国专利5,092,861中。
具有弹性侧片的尿布的实施例公开于美国专利4,857,067、美国专利4,381,781、美国专利4,938,753、本文前面引用的美国专利5,151,092、美国专利5,221,274、美国专利5,669,897、美国专利6,004,306和前面提到的美国专利6,300,208中。
美国专利3,860,003描述了提供具有侧翼和一个或多个弹性构件的可缩小的腿部开口从而提供弹性腿箍(衬垫箍)的一次性尿布。美国专利4,808,178和4,909,803描述了具有“直立”弹性侧翼(阻碍箍)的一次性尿布,其改善了腿部区的密封性。美国专利4,695,278和4,795,454描述了具有双箍(包括衬垫箍和阻碍箍)的一次性尿布。
本发明的实施方案也可包括接收并容纳废物的口袋、提供废物空隙的间隔材料、限制废物在制品中移动的屏障、接收和容纳废物的隔室或空隙,或它们的任何组合。用于吸收产品中的口袋和间隔材料的实施例描述于美国专利5,514,121、美国专利5,171,236、美国专利5,397,318、美国专利5,540,671、美国专利6,168,584、美国专利5,306,266、和美国专利5,997,520中。隔室或空隙的实施例公开于美国专利4,968,312、美国专利4,990,147、美国专利5,062,840和美国专利5,269,755中。适用的横向阻碍的实施例描述于美国专利5,554,142、美国专利6,010,490和美国专利5,653,703中。尤其适于处理低粘度粪便的其它结构的实施例公开于美国专利5,941,864、5,977,430和6,013,063中。
图1的尿布10优选应用于穿着者的方法是通过将一个腰区置于穿着者背部以下,然后在穿着者腿部之间拉出尿布的剩余部分,使得其它腰区置于穿着者前部。然后,护理人员使用扣紧元件来接合前腰区和后腰区使之环绕穿着者的腰部。典型地,在操作过程中拉伸并张紧弹性化的侧片以便贴合穿着者的尺寸和形状。可将如图3所示的裤放置在穿着者身上的适当位置,方法是将穿着者的腿***腿部开口,然后将所述裤滑至穿着者下体周围的适当位置。
测试方法
弹性特性的滞后性测试
综述
本测试测量:a)弹性阻力(在25%伸长率时的载荷),b)力弛豫,和c)单独的拉伸区域或拉伸区域排列的残余变形百分比。拉伸区域可或是相交的或是不相交的。不相交的拉伸区域可是平行的或不平行的。理想的样品尺寸应当是2.54cm宽乘5.08cm长,其中伸长方向是长度尺寸。此外,理想的标距应当是2.54cm。因为伸长可能具有的图案的多样性,对于不同种类的拉伸区域,必须要确定不同的样品制备程序。在样品已经制备好之后,依照预定的规范进行拉伸提供性质确定的数据。
设备
张力检验器商业恒速拉伸张力检验器,购自马萨诸塞州Canton的Instron Engineering Corp.或明尼苏达州Eden Prairie的SINTECH-MTSSystems Corporation(或可与之相比的张力检验器)可能是合适的。将该仪器与用于控制试验速度和其它试验参数以及用于收集、计算和报告数据的计算机连接。
测力传感器选择适于试验的夹具和测力传感器;夹具应足够宽以与试样吻合,典型地采用2.54cm宽的夹具;选择测力传感器以使从所测试的试样中得到的预期拉伸特性曲线将会在测力传感器的能力或所采用的载荷范围25%和75%之间,典型地采用1kN的测力传感器;
样品切割器具体的样品切割器由所需的样品宽度决定。合适的切割器购自宾夕法尼亚州Philadelphia的Thwing-Albert Instrument Co.对于2.54cm宽的样品,JDC 1-10型号是适合的。
样品制备
(i)直线的、不相交的拉伸区域的样品制备
从一个单个的拉伸区域内裁切2.54cm宽乘5.08cm长的样品。如果单个拉伸区域小于这些尺寸,则样品应当包括整个拉伸区域。在夹具中定位样品,确保样品在拉伸区域的纵向上进行拉伸。如果来自单个拉伸区域的力太小以至于不能在张力检验器上测量,则可在张力检验器的抓手之间同时拉伸取自多个产品的完全相同的拉伸区域的几个样品,并将数据规一化到单个拉伸区域。在特殊情况下,当所有的拉伸区域均匀地间隔开并相互平行并也具有相同的弹性体尺寸和基重时,可测试跨越多个拉伸区域的2.54cm样品。然后可通过将总的力除以拉伸区域数目将载荷规一化到单个拉伸区域。
(ii)非直线的、不相交的拉伸区域的样品制备
样品尺寸是6.3mm宽乘5.08cm长。长度沿着弯曲路径进行测量。样品的宽度很小以便弯曲的拉伸区域可近似看成直线拉伸区域。拉力测验机中的标距设置在2.54cm。如前所述,如果不可能得到以上尺寸的样品,那么样品尺寸可减小到可能最大的尺寸并且依此调节标距。
(iii)相交拉伸区域排列的样品制备
测试样品是2.54cm宽乘5.08cm长。如果排列小于这些尺寸,则样品应当包括整个排列。所述排列需要在接近最大伸长的方向的方向上进行拉伸。这通常可通过在几个方向上(例如,横向、纵向以及与横向成45度)拉伸样品进行确定。如果这样一个方向不容易辨别,则拉伸的缺省方向是横向。
方法
滞后性在标准实验室条件(即室温约25℃±2℃和相对湿度约50%±2.0%)下进行测量。
确定弹性体构件滞后性的程序包括以下步骤:
1.依照厂商的说明书校准测试仪;
2.将标距设定在2.54cm或适合于待测试的样品;将静止预载荷设定为0.05N。
3.将样品放在夹具的平直表面中,使得样品的纵向中心线基本上平行于标距方向。
4.将十字头速度设定为25.4cm/min的恒速;
5.开始十字头运动,测试仪同时开始记录载荷和应变数据。滞后性测试具体地讲包括以下步骤:
a)以25.4cm/min的恒速伸长样品至25%应变-记录下在25%伸长率时的力;
b)使样品能够在该应变下保持2分钟-记录下在所述2分钟开始和结束时的力;
c)以25.4cm/min的恒速将样品复原到0%应变;
d)使样品能够在该应变下保持1分钟;和
e)在5.08cm/min的恒速下拉长样品至0.1N载荷-记录下在0.1N时的应变(即,足以消除松弛然而很小至多足够赋予样品不明显伸长的力)。
计算和报告结果
1.由步骤5(a)中所收集的数据,报告在25%应变时的载荷作为材料的弹性阻力。
2.由步骤5(b)中所收集的数据,由在2分钟保持时间的开始和结束时的载荷确定力弛豫,采用下列公式:
3.由步骤5(c)中所收集的数据,计算残余变形百分比,采用下列公式:
4.报告由所测试的每种材料的三个重复样品产生的平均数。
可用应变
这旨在确定样品的可用应变。可用应变是其中在力-伸长曲线上存在变形的点,超出这点之外,所需将样品拉伸到更远的力存在急剧的增加。图14显示了一条示例性的力(F(N/cm))-伸长率(E(%))曲线。如其中所示,由力伸长率曲线720,可用应变被确定为曲线720a的阶段1部分和曲线720c的阶段2部分的外延直线的交点720b。
方法
1.样品依照上述的滞后性测试进行制备。
2.重复滞后性测试的步骤1-4。
3.开始十字头运动。测试仪同时开始记录载荷对应变(伸长率)数据;
4.继续伸长样品直到以下任一种情况:
a)样品破裂;或
b)达到了测力传感器的力限。
5.绘出力/伸长率数据产生一条与图14所示曲线类似的曲线。
6.如所示的那样外延阶段1和阶段2部分来确定可用应变。
7.报告由所测试的每种材料的三个重复样品产生的平均值。
发明详述中所有引用文献的相关部分均引入本文以供参考;任何文献的引用并不可理解为是对其作为本发明的现有技术的认可。
尽管已用具体实施方案来说明和描述了本发明,但对于本领域的技术人员显而易见的是,在不背离本发明的精神和保护范围的情况下可作出许多其它的变化和修改。因此,有意识地在附加的权利要求书中包括属于本发明范围内的所有这些变化和修改。
Claims (8)
1.一种吸收制品,所述吸收制品具有腰区、裆区、侧片、纵向中心线和横向中心线,所述吸收制品在所述腰区和所述侧片中包括至少两个拉伸区域,所述拉伸区域包括第一底物,所述第一底物具有第一弹性体组合物,所述第一弹性体组合物以限定所述拉伸区域的预定几何图案设置在所述第一底物上,使得所述弹性体组合物至少部分渗透所述第一底物,其中在所述腰部区域中的至少一个拉伸区域与在所述侧片中的至少一个拉伸区域对齐。
2.如权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中所述侧片的腰部和股部包括在张力和/或角度方面变化的不同拉伸区域。
3.如权利要求2所述的吸收制品,其中所述侧片中靠近后腰末端的拉伸区域被定向为与横向中心线成约0至约-50度的角度,并且所述侧片中靠近股部的拉伸区域被定向为与横向中心线成约0至约+70度的角度。
4.如权利要求2所述的吸收制品,其中所述侧片中的至少一个拉伸区域与外腿箍弹性部件的末端对齐。
5.如权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中所述拉伸区域包括选自顶片和底片的尿布组件的至少一部分。
6.如权利要求5所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收制品还包括设置在所述顶片和所述底片之间的吸收芯并具有前腰区,其中所述拉伸区域在所述纵向中心线的外侧并与其成角度,所述拉伸区域朝所述前腰区分开以便通过提供将所述芯部连接到所述前腰区的力线锚固所述芯部。
7.如权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中所述拉伸区域为曲线拉伸区域,所述曲线拉伸区域的至少一部分具有大于1mm的曲率半径。
8.如权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中所述第一弹性体组合物包括适于后处理步骤的组分以提高它们的性能,所述后处理步骤选自借助于化学、加热、辐射方法以及它们的组合进行的烘干、交联、固化或聚合。
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- 2005-03-24 JP JP2007505195A patent/JP2007530167A/ja active Pending
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- 2005-03-24 JP JP2007505215A patent/JP2007530170A/ja active Pending
- 2005-03-24 CN CN2005800104512A patent/CN1937931B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2005-03-24 WO PCT/US2005/009982 patent/WO2005097029A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-03-24 AU AU2005231310A patent/AU2005231310A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-24 AU AU2005231314A patent/AU2005231314A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2006
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2007
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Patent Citations (4)
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US20020002021A1 (en) * | 2000-05-15 | 2002-01-03 | May Raymond Jeffrey | Targeted elastic laminate having zones of different basis weights |
US20020009940A1 (en) * | 2000-05-15 | 2002-01-24 | May Raymond Jeffrey | Targeted elastic laminate having zones of different polymer materials |
US20030091807A1 (en) * | 2001-11-05 | 2003-05-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stretch composites and methods of making the composite |
WO2003039421A2 (en) * | 2001-11-05 | 2003-05-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stretch composites and methods of making the composite |
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