CN101194565A - Cultivation method for prolonging fresh spike picking time of sweet and glutinous corn - Google Patents
Cultivation method for prolonging fresh spike picking time of sweet and glutinous corn Download PDFInfo
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- CN101194565A CN101194565A CNA2007103003228A CN200710300322A CN101194565A CN 101194565 A CN101194565 A CN 101194565A CN A2007103003228 A CNA2007103003228 A CN A2007103003228A CN 200710300322 A CN200710300322 A CN 200710300322A CN 101194565 A CN101194565 A CN 101194565A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, which is a cultivating method for prolonging the picking time of fresh ears of sweet and waxy corns, applies a method of overall planning integration, and constructs a comprehensive cultivating technical system which takes warming, staging, and assortment-matching as main bodies. Premature breeds are adopted to grow seedlings which are grown by film mulching, and fresh ears are picked 20 days beforehand. Seedlings are scientifically planted by stages (3-4 stages), and fresh ears are deferred for 30 days to pick. Early, middle and lately mature breeds are matched and planted, and 30 days are prolonged to pick up fresh ears. The invention assures breeds according to the climate environment and market requirements, assures planting period numbers according to the biological performance of breeds, and assures warming planting styles according to the operating and manufacturing strength, and organically combines warming, staging, and the breeds-matching technique through overall consideration and optimum assembly. The invention effectively utilizes light, water and heat resources, improves manufacturing performance, and realizes double efficiency-increasing of planting and processing, and the continuous picking of fresh ears reaches 80 days.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to the cultivation method of crop, more particularly, the invention relates to a kind of cultivation method sweet, the waxy corn fresh spike picking time that prolongs.
Background technology
The biological property and the conventional corn something in common of sweet, waxy corn, be exactly they all be the c4 crop, plant is tall and big, blade is in great numbers, the photosynthetic efficiency height, biological yield is higher.With the conventional corn difference, i.e. superiority, the sugar content that is exactly sweet corn is higher, and sweet sense is arranged; Waxy corn amylopectin content height, toughness.The flavour of food products that these two kinds of corns are done is special, and mouthfeel is good, and is popular to people.
Along with the development of society, the raising of the progress of science and people culture living standard, sweet, the waxy corn production development is very fast.At present, the U.S. is the maximum country of development of special corn, and sweet, waxy corn sowing area has reached 8,460,000 mu, gross output 46.8 hundred million kg.China only is example with the Border in Harbin Area, and sweet, waxy corn cultivated area has reached more than 40 ten thousand mu.Just there are 11 tame enterprise processing quick-frozen glutinous corn fringes in 5 constant virtues, Acheng, three cities, Hulan (county), district, and 7,974 ten thousand tons of annual production quick-frozen glutinous corn fringes are all sold to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, area, Shanghai basically, and supply falls short of demand in market.From development sweet, the waxy corn produce market, the domestic market is sweet, the waxy corn product, and particularly bright fringe quick frozen product demand increases year by year; International product market is sweet, the waxy corn product consumption is big and quality requirement is strict.
Aspect sweet, waxy corn technical research, mainly concentrate on breeding of new variety and the high-yield culturing, support and impetus have been played in sweet, waxy corn industry development.But the achievement of research and development all belongs to single technology, does not satisfy the needs of the extensive industrialization management of peasant's establishing in large scale and enterprise.That plantation peasant family and an urgent demand of product processing enterprise solve technically is sweet, waxy corn product increment and high quality problem.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art, a kind of cultivation method sweet, the waxy corn fresh spike picking time that prolongs is provided.Utilize this method can make sweet, waxy corn fresh spike picking time extend to 80 days by 10 days.
The present invention is achieved by following technical proposals:
(1) selectively heats plantation.Grow seedlings, plantation such as overlay film is a kind of planting patterns of high investment, every public affairs are inclined needs to increase about 750 yuan input.But because the blue or green tender bright fringe output height of direct seeding tectorial membrane, net income can also shift to an earlier date 6-10 days milking maturitys and gather in the crops with live similar; Precocious, mid-early maturity kind is grown seedlings, though grow seedlings+the blue or green tender bright fringe of overlay film yields poorly, listing in advance, and the selling price height, under the market price was supported, benefit was than live high 4.1-67.5%.So this planting patterns can adopt in general production and operation.And in late-maturing, late variety is grown seedlings, grow seedlings+overlay film to heat planting patterns output lower, drop into that to increase the back net income lower by about 30% than live net income, the arbitrary way that can be used as the extensive industrialization management of enterprise adopts.
(2) science is planted by stages.Science is planted by stages and will be accomplished 4 points, and the one, the first phase is live to be got the jump on soil and stops and planted before the slurry, emerges to escape early frost and endanger; The 2nd, plant blanking time with kind by stages and with about 8 days, be advisable, so that the continuity that keeps blue or green tender bright fringe to gather; The 3rd, according to the ripe phase integrated planning date of seeding of different cultivars corn, gather not overlapping, not out of stock so that guarantee blue or green tender bright fringe of each phase; The 4th, a sowing time will guarantee milking maturity before early frost the latest, and required accumulated temperature gets final product greater than the accumulated temperature of sowing between early frost before the kind milking maturity.
(3) the reasonably combined plantation of kind.From efficiently utilizing renewable resources, the angle that prolongs fresh spike picking time is to greatest extent come requirement, the optimal selection of variety matching, be precocity, mid-early maturity, in late-maturing, late variety collocation plantation, ripe period interval is about 10 days.But in the actual operation process, can be subjected to constraint as factors such as the market demand, scale of operation, field isolation, in the case, can be according to the principle of early, middle and late collocation, because of the concrete operations of situation suiting measures to different conditions.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
1, seed and processing thereof
(1) kind is selected: according to ecological condition, and best in quality, the strong stress resistance of selecting that authorization promotes for use, the sweet glutinous type improved seeds of high yield.Glutinous 304 in having adopted, super sweet No. a kind of agricultural university.
(2) seed quality: seed purity and cleanliness are not less than 98%, and germination rate is not less than 90%, water content is not higher than 16%.
(3) seed treatment: broadcast preceding 15 days with seed airing 2-3 days; Broadcast preceding 10 days and carry out germination test 1-2 time; Broadcast preceding seed is placed in the water and soaked 8-12 hour, pull out then to place under the 20-25 degree room temperature condition and carry out vernalization, stirred once every 2-3 hour, after seed exposed radicle, In Shade refining bud was waited to sow.
2, choosing stubble and whole ground
(1) choosing stubble: the fertile crops for rotation of soybean of selecting not use long residual agricultural chemicals.
(2) pine is revolved whole ground: implement based on super dark pine loose, as to revolve, harrow combination soil cultivation system.Promptly 3 years super dark pines once, dark 40 centimetres of pine, annual pine are revolved whole ground once, pine is revolved degree of depth 20-23 centimetre, accomplish not have to leak to revolve, Wu Lifa, no clod, supination rake drag, in time ridging is suppressed; Soil moisture content is soybean preferably, and stubbles such as potato are suitable for the dark loose ridging of rake stubble:, corn, jowar stubble are suitable for the dark loose ridging of stubble-cleaning, and the evaporation of water in soil is strictly on guard against in suppression in time behind the ridging.
3, sowing in the field
(1) date of seeding: general cultivation season the earliest, date of seeding, begin sowing during by 10-12 ℃ in that local 5 centimetres of ground temperature are stable, Border in Harbin Area was sowed April 30.
(2) type of seeding: determine whether vernalization of seed according to soil moisture content and ground temperature, the relatively poor ground vernalization soon of soil moisture content is sat in the water, and ground temperature is low must the vernalization kind, mashed kind of defence powder kind.
4, seedling raising and transplanting
(1) bed of growing seedlings is selected: select physical features higher, illumination fully, stronger, the preceding stubble of fertility do not use the long agricultural chemicals field of residual effect and do the seedbed soon.Seedbeds wide 1.5 meters, long 2.5 meters need be built in every mu of land for growing field crops, and the fertilizer 4000-5000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed is executed in every mu of seedbed, smashs the back to pieces and mixes thoroughly with soil, guarantees dark 10-15 centimetre of bed soil; Also can adorn plastics nutrition basin grows seedlings.
(2) dispenser of watering: water earlier and add red 20 grams of furans in the 150kg water in per 2.5 meters long seedbeds, in case soil insect breaks into the powder leveling to the table soil of bed surface 5-6 cm thick again.
(3) meticulous sowing: every mu of land for growing field crops by 21 pair of horizontally-arrangeds forward, is pieced together the seedling dish sturdy together with 14 on 468 hole seedling dishes.The every hole sowing of seedling dish 1-2 seeds, earthing epiphragmas then.Earlier ripe fertile fine earth is covered on seed, thickness is advisable with 15 centimetres.Flat cover one deck mulch film after, the epiphragma of puing up a shed again, canopy is high 40 centimetres.
(4) seedling management: do not take off film before emerging, the control temperature in the shed is 20 ℃-35 ℃, when temperature is not high, adds a cover the straw screen or mat insulation on shed.Straw screen or mat will early be taken off late lid, and flexibly moisturizing, turns white or young shoot when top mass of soil phenomenon is arranged when discovery dish soil, and the moisturizing of should spraying should in time be thrown off mulch film when having 70% young shoot to be unearthed; One heart stage of one leaf, used loose stool water 350-400kg, should not use chemical fertilizer, with unburned seedling.Hardening during 2 leaves; Transplanting suitable leaf age was 3 leaf phases, transplanted the previous day and converted water spray seedling with activating root-growth accelerant, to strengthen seedling resistance.
(5) transplant: the land for growing field crops of transplanting will use sufficient base manure early, executes the fertilizer 2-3 ton that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu, and prescription chemical fertilizer 40-50kg takes width plantation, wide line-spacing 80-90 centimetre, and narrow row is apart from 40-50 centimetre.Small wooden or 2 centimetres of sub-holings of wide bamboo let of fining away with 1.5 centimetres of tops of diameter during transplanting.The seedling cave is unsuitable excessive, notes fully coincideing of seedling alms bowl and field soil, can't have to leak out even the generation of unsettled seedling.Convert water spray with activating root-growth accelerant immediately after planting.
5, direct seeding tectorial membrane: carry out the vernalization hole irrigation for seeding, water wants the disposable foot that waters to irrigate, the every hole point 3-4 grain seed in back that waters, and earth backing is gently stepped on afterwards.With broadcasting with overlay film, to smash large clod before the overlay film, pick up clean root stubble, along ridge cover tight after, at film both sides compacted soil, prevent that wind from taking off.After seedling is unearthed, follow the tracks of and detain film whenever and wherever possible and draw seedling, prevent that temperature from crossing the high fever seedling, draw Miao Houyao compacted soil around seedling, prevent the farmland running to weeds of leaking out.
6, seedling raising and transplanting overlay film.Put in order, on the field piece of Shi Wanfei, mulch film is covered by the film coating technique requirement.By the planting density requirement, equidistant slotting cave is sat water and is transplanted then, and every cave will be watered permeable, covers sternly with earth mulch is real then.
7, isolation implant
Planting sweet, waxy corn must isolate with the other types corn.During because of sweet, waxy corn and other types corn hybridization, reduce quality sweet, waxy corn, isolation method can have following three kinds:
(1) long distance is isolated: other field pieces in the general waxy corn requirement growing area in 200 meters can not be planted the other types corn of blooming simultaneously with waxy corn; The sweet corn insulation request is stricter, generally requires more than 400 meters.
(2) barrier is isolated: take to plant the long-stalked crops barrier such as (as Chinese sorghums) that is higher than corn around the plantation special corn, width blocks external non-similar zasiokaurin more than 50 meters.
(3) time isolates.With different shaped corn variety intermission seeding, waxy corn, sweet corn florescence and other corn florescences were differed more than 30 days, thereby do not closed on the influence of non-similar corn " flyings ".
8, early, middle and late ripe variety matching plantation: same kind or different types of varieties are carried out early, middle and late collocation plantation, stagger the pollination phase.Prolong blue or green tender fresh spike picking time, satisfy the different times market demand, prolong fresh and tender fringe Time To Market.
9, rational close planting: the one, Deng the line-spacing plantation, form the equally distributed general layout of plant in the field.Line-spacing is with 60-70 centimetre, 60,000 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings of inclining of 25 centimetres of spacing in the rows, every public affairs; The 2nd, wide-narrow row planting, big ridge row spacing is 1.34 meters, big ridge kind duplicate rows corn, 0.4 meter of line-spacing, apart from 25 centimetres of strains, 60,000 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings of inclining of every public affairs.
10, combination fertilising: based on fertilizer,, use the fertilizer culture fertility, use bioactivation soil, guarantee that with the prescription chemical fertilizer available nutrient needs with bio-fertilizer, prescription chemical fertilizer combination fertilising.General mu is executed the fertilizer 1000-2000 kilogram that becomes thoroughly decomposed, bio-fertilizer 1-2 kilogram, about 25 kilograms of prescription chemical fertilizer.Fertilizer take to spread fertilizer over the fields before the whole ground or the ridge platform at the bottom of row execute, bio-fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are in conjunction with sowing subsoil-application 10-15cm.
11, field management
(1) shovel time weed eradication: carry out furrow before emerging dark time; When seedling 2-3 leaf, with machinery or manually hoe up weeds, shovel back is with little ploughshare ditch time; Grow tall at corn and to finish two shovels before 60 centimetres three times, eliminate weeds, the grave ridge of living.
(2) play the power removal of tiller: waxy corn and sweet corn are easy to generate tillers, and tillers and wants the field to follow the tracks of the removal of tiller in the growth of seedling phase, until till the Ex-all.
(3) artificial supplementary pollination: waxy corn is being weaved silk, and during the loose powder, as high temperature, bad climate condition such as blow, rain, bald or scarce grain phenomenon can occur, by artificial pollination, can solve the bald scarce grain that produces because of spontaneous pollination is not enough.At the corn silking pollinating period, carried out artificial supplementary pollination during 9-11 every the 1-2 days mornings, just can achieve the goal for 3-4 time.
12, disease, worm, rat plague control
(1) control of maize snout moth's larva: take the oophagous trichogrammae biological control, when the corn borer adult lays eggs, in time on maize leaves, put the honeybee card, be one every 10 ridges and put the honeybee ridge, be one every 40m on the honeybee ridge and put the honeybee point putting, after determining to put honeybee point, every some honeybee card is fast, with pin not on maize leaves; Put honeybee 2 general every year, each 7 days at interval.
(2) "electric cat" kills mouse: every ground select from mouse nest nearer (5-10 mu), as the plot of killing mouse, ahead of time or heat plantation, make it milking maturity 10-15 days in advance, when the milking maturity mouse is edible, concentrate past this piece of mouse, installing "electric cat" during this with killing mouse, keep an eye on processing with the special messenger evening, concentrates to go out except that mouse the control plague of rats.According to said method set up an office by actual needs, general 500-1000 mu is established the plot of killing mouse and is got final product.
13, timely collecting
(1) gathering of waxy corn mainly determined by " food flavor ".If mainly be edible blue or green tender fruit ear, pollinating back 25-28 days, seed is taked the best during moisture 70% left and right sides, gather too early, dry matter and various nutrient component deficiency, yield poorly, glutinous property is poor, benefit is low; Gathered the evening, weak flavor.As make a glutinous rice can, should gather in milk ripe stage; Cook the cheese can, should gather in ripening stage.Collecting time is generally to be advisable during low temperature early morning.In time transport to processing factory after gathering, standing time can not be above 24 hours.
(2) gathering of sweet corn generally weaved silk back 17-23 days at sweet corn; Super-sweet corn is being weaved silk back 20-28 days, and behind the dulcification corn silking 18-30 days, timely collecting when moisture content of kernels 70% left and right sides.The sweet corn that is used to process can early be received 1-2 days; Sell can receiving 1-2 days evening of blue or green tender bright fringe.Collecting time generally also is to be with bract to carry out in the morning.With gathering with listing or transporting to processing factory.General sweet corn goes on the market from gathering to or enters processing factory and can not surpass 6 hours, and common sweet corn can not be above 3 hours.
Claims (1)
1. the cultivation method of sweet, the waxy corn fresh spike picking time of a prolongation, it is characterized in that with heat, by stages, technical optimization configuration such as variety matching, integrated assembling, formation can prolong cultivation method sweet, the waxy corn fresh spike picking time; Concrete grammar and step are as follows:
(1) selectively heats plantation.Grow seedlings, plantation such as overlay film is a kind of planting patterns of high investment, every public affairs are inclined needs to increase about 750 yuan input; But because the blue or green tender bright fringe output height of direct seeding tectorial membrane, net income can also shift to an earlier date 6-10 days milking maturitys and gather in the crops with live similar; Precocious, mid-early maturity kind is grown seedlings, though grow seedlings+the blue or green tender bright fringe of overlay film yields poorly, listing in advance, and the selling price height, under the market price was supported, benefit was than live high 4.1-67.5%; So this planting patterns can adopt in general production and operation; And in late-maturing, late variety is grown seedlings, grow seedlings+overlay film to heat planting patterns output lower, drop into that to increase the back net income lower by about 30% than live net income, the arbitrary way that can be used as the extensive industrialization management of enterprise adopts;
(2) science is planted by stages, and science is planted by stages and will be accomplished 4 points, and the one, the first phase is live to be got the jump on soil and stops and planted before the slurry, emerges to escape early frost and endanger; The 2nd, plant blanking time with kind by stages and with about 8 days, be advisable, so that the continuity that keeps blue or green tender bright fringe to gather; The 3rd, according to the ripe phase integrated planning date of seeding of different cultivars corn, gather not overlapping, not out of stock so that guarantee blue or green tender bright fringe of each phase; The 4th, a sowing time will guarantee milking maturity before early frost the latest, and required accumulated temperature gets final product greater than the accumulated temperature of sowing between early frost before the kind milking maturity;
(3) the reasonably combined plantation of kind, from efficiently utilizing renewable resources, the angle that prolongs fresh spike picking time is to greatest extent come requirement, the optimal selection of variety matching, be precocity, mid-early maturity, in late-maturing, late variety collocation plantation, ripe period interval is about 10 days, but in the actual operation process, can be subjected to constraint, in the case as factors such as the market demand, scale of operation, field isolation, can be according to the principle of early, middle and late collocation, because of the concrete operations of situation suiting measures to different conditions.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102138413A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-08-03 | 杭州秀山美地农业科技有限公司 | Continuous production and cultivation method for fruits and corns |
| CN103988659A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-08-20 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | Film mulching planting method for limonium aureum |
| CN106900339A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-06-30 | 安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of multi items fresh edible maize for quality Taste evaluation cultivates processing method |
| CN107018788A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-08-08 | 安徽农业大学 | A kind of cultural method for lifting fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel |
| CN107548600A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2018-01-09 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A kind of method for improving black soil fertility |
| CN109952920A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-07-02 | 玉溪市农业科学院 | A kind of corn control root method for culturing and transplanting seedlings |
| CN110291943A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-10-01 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | A kind of method of difference corn variety collocation plantation |
| CN112470848A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-12 | 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所（宁夏回族自治区农作物育种中心） | Cultivation method for continuously picking green soy beans for fresh edible vegetables |
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- 2007-12-26 CN CNA2007103003228A patent/CN101194565A/en active Pending
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102138413A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-08-03 | 杭州秀山美地农业科技有限公司 | Continuous production and cultivation method for fruits and corns |
| CN103988659A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-08-20 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | Film mulching planting method for limonium aureum |
| CN103988659B (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2015-12-09 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | The film-covering planting method of Limonium sinense |
| CN106900339A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-06-30 | 安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of multi items fresh edible maize for quality Taste evaluation cultivates processing method |
| CN106900339B (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2020-03-31 | 安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所 | Multi-variety fresh-eating corn cultivation processing method for quality tasting identification |
| CN107018788B (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2018-05-18 | 安徽农业大学 | A kind of cultural method for promoting fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel |
| CN108739151A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2018-11-06 | 安徽农业大学 | A kind of implantation methods of high-quality fresh edible maize suitable for Huang-Huai-Hai |
| CN107018788A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-08-08 | 安徽农业大学 | A kind of cultural method for lifting fresh edible maize quality and mouthfeel |
| CN107548600A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2018-01-09 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A kind of method for improving black soil fertility |
| CN109952920A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-07-02 | 玉溪市农业科学院 | A kind of corn control root method for culturing and transplanting seedlings |
| CN110291943A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-10-01 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | A kind of method of difference corn variety collocation plantation |
| CN112470848A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-12 | 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所（宁夏回族自治区农作物育种中心） | Cultivation method for continuously picking green soy beans for fresh edible vegetables |
| CN112470848B (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2023-02-17 | 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所（宁夏回族自治区农作物育种中心） | Cultivation method for continuously picking green soy beans for fresh edible vegetables |
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Open date: 20080611 |