CN100515182C

CN100515182C - Exchangable water remaining bag for afforestation

Info

Publication number: CN100515182C
Application number: CNB200410013773XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王滨生
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2004-05-26
Filing date: 2004-05-26
Publication date: 2009-07-22
Anticipated expiration: 2024-05-26
Also published as: CN1582634A

Abstract

An exchanger-type water-preserving bag for planting trees is composed of a bag body made of impervious film and multiple pie-shaped exchangers installed to the side wall and bottom of said bag body. Said exchanger consists of the internal and external composite films composed of two layers of water permeable material and a layer of water preserving material, and two partition layers made of water-permeable material. When it is full of water, it can supply water to sapling for more than 2 years.

Description

Interchanger formula afforestation water conservation bag

Technical field

The present invention a kind ofly should not afforest at all, or afforestation is difficult to survive, or the region that is difficult to grow into forest fast, as desertification, kavirization, Rocky Desertification Region or in the arid area, the water conservation bag of the sandstone matter side slope afforestation usefulness of the mountain region of high and cold area, barren serious erosion of soil and water, highway, railway, river construction.

Technical background:

At present, China soil of desertification reaches 2,620,000 sq-kms, accounts for 27.3% of territory total area.China's desertification seventies in 20th century area develops into annual 2100 sq-kms the eighties every year on average with the speed expanded of 1560 sq-kms, expands to 2460 sq-kms the every year nineties, has then reached annual 3436 sq-kms to the later stage nineties.The direct economic loss that causes because of desertification reaches 54,000,000,000 yuan every year in recent years, and indirect loss then is 2-8 a times of direct losses.With regard to world wide, existing about 1/4 land surface desertification, nearly 1,000,000,000 populations are subjected to the harm of desertification.Its trend is also in the speed expanded with annual 50000-70,000 sq-kms.About 42,300,000,000 dollars of the direct economic loss that causes every year.The direct result of desertization is that existent environment of people is more and more abominable.Frequently take place as sandstorm, the burst fire-disaster sex climate changes more and more frequent, and arid area constantly enlarges, and desertify in the farmland, deterioration of grasslands, soil depletion etc.Human survival and development in serious threat.China's work of defending and controlling sand has obtained great success, and local ecotope is improved.Administer the desertification area to the end of the year 2000 and reached 8,900,000 hectares.But the situation of desertify " local improvement, the whole deterioration " is not contained effectively that the speed of desertification is considerably beyond the speed of greening.Stop the desertification development, arrived instant stage.In addition, the water and soil loss of China is also very serious.Water and soil loss area 1,500,000 sq-kms develop into 179.4 ten thousand sq-kms to the nineties in 20th century in the early days of foundation, account for 18.6% of area.Also has 9,910 ten thousand hectares in salination soil; Stony desertification and the nature of other various places or the artificial bare hills and mountains that economize Shan, Hunan, Hubei Province, Guizhou Province etc.Above-mentioned environmental hazard all constitutes a serious threat to the sustainable development of national economy.

With the planting trees and grass is the greening measure of main contents, is the only way that changes severe environment.Afforestation be unable to do without water.Harsh and unforgiving environments is planted trees difficult, and it is more difficult that afforestation survives.When afforestation still will be leaned on day so far and land productivity,, also be that " take stopgap measures even take some biological control measures or engineering measure." in rugged environment, still there is not method fast and effectively at present, carry out large-scale afforestation, let alone anti-season afforestation.Though some chemical water-keeping materials are arranged, on can not stop the violent evaporation of moisture, can not stop the strong infiltration and the diffusion of moisture.Trees utilization to limited moisture on limited space-time is extremely limited.Can not be the basic reason that survival rate is low or be difficult to afforest at the long term water conservation.In the quite a lot of place of desertificated area condition, according to species succession rule,, progressively implant the shrub class more earlier with the pionner fixed dune, treat that condition maturity replants into arbor class seeds.But this cycle is very long.And fragmentarily, be difficult to set up in a short time large-scale effectively protection forest network.Afforest on saliferous soil, the extensive desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is not still satisfied the requirements by place, manpower, financial resources restriction.Particularly not only afforest but also still do not have good method every salt in the geavy salt district.On bare hills and mountains, water conservation is protected soil again on the mountain of stony desertification does not still have good measure.

Summary of the invention:

The present invention seeks to disclose a kind of interchanger formula afforestation water conservation bag, the permanently effective maintenance moisture of energy, ensure in lifetime that trees it utilizes fully to moisture, can once pour water in 2 years and even longer period, guarantee the needs of treelet, make the natural precipitation of regulating and storing fully in the lifetime thereafter for arboreal growth to moisture.

The bag 1 that the present invention is made up of impermeable layer, it is characterized in that: bottom and sidewall at bag 1 are equipped with a plurality of interchangers 2, described interchanger is the cake type body that is set on the bag wall, the draining shirt rim 3 of its edge for being connected with bag, the interior adventitia 4 and 5 of cake type body is a kind of composite membrane, composite membrane is composited by two-layer adrainage material 6 and folder water-keeping material A, in cake type intracoelomic cavity, the separate layer of forming by two-layer adrainage material 8, inner chamber is divided into three parts, and every partially filled water-keeping material B has ring-type water guide film 10 in the surrounding of cake intracoelomic cavity, water-in-bag is when soaking into interchanger 2, because water-keeping material plays the effect that suction is isolated, under action of gravity, the unnecessary soakage water in saturated back permeates vertically downward, be subjected to the separation of water guide film, the soakage water that oozes is got back in the bag again through draining shirt rim 3 down; The bag top of described bag 1 be in the middle of for infiltration but the vaporization prevention district 12 that the impermeable layer of infiltration district 11 that the film of vaporization prevention constitutes and periphery is formed; Described water-keeping material A is selected from: polyacrylic acid superabsorbent, acrylic acid water-absorbing resin, polyacrylate or kaolin high hydroscopic resin, from-AM-HEMA ternary polymerization high hydroscopic resin, polyacrylonitrile high hydroscopic resin, bentonite compound PAA-acrylamide high hydroscopic resin, acrylic acid-acrylamide copolymer and the attached fat of kaolin cross-linking of water-absorbing perhaps are selected from: bentonite, the soft foam piece that absorbs water, bentonite and soft foam beads binding, bentonite and acupuncture geotextile particle binding; Described water-keeping material B is selected from particulate species, they are selected from soft foam beads, nonwoven particle, vermiculite, rock wool, perlite, haydite, active carbon, agar, silica gel, perhaps be selected from the synthetic fibers offcuts with filling drain function, they are selected from viscose rayon, copper amine fiber, acetate fiber, vinylon fiber, nylon fiber, polyvinyl chloride fibre, polyester fiber, Dralon, polyethylene fibre, Polyurethane fiber, carbon fibre, fluoridize fiber; Described adrainage material is selected from: acupuncture geotextile, gluing geotextile.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a water conservation bag stereogram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a water conservation bag bag top plan view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a water conservation bag bag bottom plan view of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the 1-1 profile of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is an interchanger stereogram of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the 2-2 profile of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is water conservation bag afforestation mechanism of action schematic diagram one of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is water conservation bag afforestation mechanism of action schematic diagram two of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is water conservation bag afforestation mechanism of action schematic diagram three of the present invention.

Embodiment:

The present invention is made up of impermeable layer and complex permeable but vaporization prevention, as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3.It is very little to constitute the evaporation that makes progress, and infiltration downwards is very little, to the compound bag of nothing infiltration all around; Bag is ventilative by interchanger and complex; The penetrable interchanger of tree root is following and peripheral underground elongation growth to bottomland; Have only the blade face transpiration, the bag water evaporates is very little, can cut off bag scope internal hair suction evaporation, as shown in Figure 5; In the long term, supply water, make treelet tide over the puberty and adapt to the water retention system of growing natural environment under to treelet.The sidewall exchanger arrangement as shown in Figure 4.It is made up of seepy material and two kinds of water-keeping materials, is the garden cake type or the square cake type of convexity.The mechanism of action of interchanger is: gas permeability is fabulous.Water-in-bag is when soaking into interchanger, because water-keeping material plays the effect that suction is isolated, under action of gravity, the unnecessary soakage water in saturated back permeates vertically downward, is subjected to the separation of water guide film, and the soakage water that oozes is got back in the bag again through the draining shirt rim down.So interchanger permeable watertight.The bottom interchanger is by being connected with bottom thin film with a collet formula annulus with the similar structure and material of sidewall interchanger, and exceeds bottom surface 8～10cm, sees among Fig. 2 shown in the drawing.Bottom interchanger permeable watertight when bag prodelta clay water is lower than the interchanger end face.Have a small amount of infiltration when being higher than the interchanger end face.But these infiltrations can not become the hair suction and evaporate.Interchanger is at the bottom of bag and the distribution of sidewall such as Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3.

The mechanism of action of the present invention.

1, evaporation discharge reduces behind the use water conservation bag.The afforestation initial stage, treelet was less, and the blade face transpiration rate is less.Area is little owing to shelter from heat or light, and is mainly evaporation from land surface this moment.The water conservation bag crouches down and arrives subsurface 15cm～20cm, and the subsurface temperature luffing is less, and water evaporates is very little in the bag.Hair suction in the bag scope is cut off, and the evaporation of this moment is mainly the evaporation from land surface outside transpiration of more a spot of blade face and the water conservation bag scope.

2, but water conservation bag standard root system is grown to depth, and the area afforestation bigger for bury of groundwater provides condition.It is generally acknowledged that arbor can not grow in the desert district of bury of groundwater greater than 5m.But the water conservation bag has certain degree of depth following for sleeping in (about about 1m), and the standard root system can only be by interchanger to the underground growth in deep.Under the situation that the water conservation bag " send a journey " with root system, it is possible directly afforesting in the bigger desert district of bury of groundwater.

3, the water conservation bag is once poured water and can be supplied water to treelet in 2 years even longer time.Make treelet within the transitional period of growing, the reason environment is not badly died young.An evidence water conservation bag permeable watertight evaporates very little.Initial estimate, volume 0.6m ³Be embedded in evaporated water not enough 1kg in 1 year of underground water conservation bag.As seen moisture in the water conservation bag, it is unchallenged supplying water to treelet in 2-3.Can also get simultaneously replenishing of part natural precipitation.

4, the present invention still has the water system of holding of the ability of regulating and storing, can underground deposit living decades in addition on century-old.It can store natural precipitation in rainy season.As with bag top extension, form miniature afflux face, precipitation is added in the bag.Because root system penetrates interchanger, make that the water-in-bag branch can be along the root system periphery to the bag exosmosis.Do not replenish even there is underground water, can make the outer root system of bag obtain the supply of moisture yet.Can in the lifetime of the woods, can expand to year area of precipitation 50mm for it provides the region of the such desert of required moisture afforestation continuously, and need not to extract the grou1ndwater irrigation of high cost.

5, desert afforestation can settle at one go, grows into forest fast.Have only natural conditions can afforest in the area preferably in Desert Area, ecosystem succession is passed through in some place that can not directly afforest, progressively reaches to be suitable for filling, arbor growth.But this cycle is quite long.Even under artificial condition, also need the time of twenties years more than ten years.Not finishing succession period probably as yet just is buried among the desert again.Present general trend is that Sha Jinren moves back.With water conservation bag afforestation, do not need species succession process.It is large tracts of land afforestation under rugged environment directly, in the time about 5-10, forms shelter forest net layer by layer, keeps out the wind and fix the sand.The plant that the net inner region can be carried out under nature or the artificial condition covers, and the evil that buried by dust storm accomplishes that really the people advances sand and moves back.

6, the area of kavirization need not large-scale soil melioration, only needs soil and ground mulching soil in the improvement water conservation bag, just can plant trees.The key of transforming salinization soil is that the underground salinity of control is migrated to the face of land.The method in improvement salination soil has multiple, but is subjected to the restriction of various factors, all can not form large-scale soil melioration mechanism.The scope of below ground 0-100cm is the salinity Guinier-Preston zone, and near surface formation Gao Yan district especially.Because a large amount of evaporations of the high diving of subterranean water level make salinity to the particularly face of land migration accumulation of this layer.And the water conservation bag exactly is located in the salinity Guinier-Preston zone, and it can permeate in bag every living saliferous moisture.Tree root passes interchanger and grows to earth formation deep, has crossed the salinity accumulation regions, has ensured surviving and normal growth of trees, and the formation of forest network will reduce the 20%-40% groundwater evaporation, blade face transpiration 27%.This has just reduced the upwards migration of underground water of 47%-67%.Subterranean water level is reduced, and salinity upwards migration is controlled.With the water conservation bag in the salination area underground water area that is difficult to discharge particularly, the method that the large tracts of land afforestation is improve the soil the easiest, the most effective, save most.Cover by forest network, reduce evaporation from land surface, root system is worn deeply, improves soil structure.Also need not washing salinity by irrigation in several years after the afforestation.

7, bare hills and mountains afforestation, promptly water conservation is protected soil again, can change stony desertification trend fast.Having one tree that a slight fish scale pit is just arranged, is to regulate runoff, the good measure that prevents erosion.Some highways in mountain area, railway and some river constructions all have many sandstone matter side slopes, and grass planting is difficult to survive, and cost is very high.On such side slope with the can yet be regarded as method of economy of water conservation bag afforestation.Loess plateau, ravines and guillies criss-cross, commonsense method are difficult to afforestation or are difficult to survive.And water conservation bag afforestation, a very important person can climb, dig pit, and then protects and makes keep-alive.Tor afforestation is dug cut and fill formula hole in the place that joint fissure is grown, every tree all is a slight runoff storage pond, and root system passes interchanger, grows in the crack.

8, all can afforest the whole year, not be subjected to the influence of weather and precipitation number.Even also can afforest winter, only need tree well is dug before freezing, sapling is got ready and gets final product.Utilizing afforest farm slack season also is one of approach of increasing peasant income.

9, survival rate can reach 100%, and the water conservation bag is cheap, has saved many intermediate management links and expense, very easily applies.

Claims

1. interchanger formula afforestation water conservation bag, the bag of forming by impermeable layer (1), it is characterized in that: bottom and sidewall at bag (1) are equipped with a plurality of interchangers (2), described interchanger is the cake type body that is set on the bag wall, the draining shirt rim (3) of its edge for being connected with bag, interior adventitia (4) and (5) of cake type body are a kind of composite membranes, composite membrane is composited by two-layer adrainage material (6) folder water-keeping material A (7), in cake type intracoelomic cavity, the separate layer of being made up of two-layer adrainage material (8) is divided into three parts with inner chamber, every partially filled water-keeping material B (9), ring-type water guide film (10) is arranged in the surrounding of cake intracoelomic cavity, water-in-bag is when soaking into interchanger (2), because water-keeping material plays the effect that suction is isolated, under action of gravity, the unnecessary soakage water in saturated back permeates vertically downward, be subjected to the separation of ring-type water guide film, the soakage water that oozes is got back in the bag again through draining shirt rim (3) down; The bag top of described bag (1) be in the middle of for infiltration but the vaporization prevention district (12) of the impermeable layer composition of infiltration district (11) that the film of vaporization prevention constitutes and periphery; Described water-keeping material A is selected from: polyacrylic acid superabsorbent, acrylic acid water-absorbing resin, polyacrylate or kaolin high hydroscopic resin, AA-AM-HEMA ternary polymerization high hydroscopic resin, polyacrylonitrile high hydroscopic resin, bentonite compound PAA-acrylamide high hydroscopic resin, acrylic acid-acrylamide copolymer and kaolin cross-linking of water-absorbing resin perhaps are selected from: bentonite, the soft foam piece that absorbs water, bentonite and soft foam beads binding, bentonite and acupuncture geotextile particle binding; Described water-keeping material B is selected from particulate species, they are selected from soft foam beads, nonwoven particle, vermiculite, rock wool, perlite, haydite, active carbon, agar, silica gel, perhaps be selected from the synthetic fibers offcuts with filling drain function, they are selected from viscose rayon, copper amine fiber, acetate fiber, vinylon fiber, nylon fiber, polyvinyl chloride fibre, polyester fiber, Dralon, polyethylene fibre, Polyurethane fiber, carbon fibre, fluoridize fiber; Described adrainage material is selected from: acupuncture geotextile, gluing geotextile.