CN102511270B - Method for planting Cinnamomum camphora in north - Google Patents
Method for planting Cinnamomum camphora in north Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting Cinnamomum camphora in north. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting transplanting time of Cinnamomum camphora in March to June; (2) preparing for transplanting: treating the cut roots of the root system, branches and trunk of the transplanted Cinnamomum camphora; (3) cultivating trees: cultivating, fixing and supporting, constructing watering soil weirs, watering, and building shading sheds; and (4) carrying out late maintaining: carrying out water and fertilizer management, disease, insect and pest control and frost and cold protection. The method for planting Cinnamomum camphora in north penetrates through the whole Cinnamomum camphora transplanting process; the transplanting time is controlled, and measures for quick recovery of the growth potential of the tree and winter cold protection and heating are adopted in the transplanting process, thus the cold protection and frost-resisting capability of the tree are enhanced, the survival rate of Cinnamomum camphora in north is increased, the plant diversity in north is enriched, and the method has a revelation action on the pushing application of north transplanting of south trees.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation of plants method, relate in particular to the fragrant camphor tree of a kind of south Landscape Tree Species commonly used and transplant in the north than the transplanting method of cold district, belong to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
In Landscaping of Northern City arbor kind, except the plant varieties such as Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, Palmae, be nearly all deciduous tree, as modern city gardens greening, from before the simple species tree, progressively to this center of gravity of urban beautification, shift.And one of them important symbol of beautifying is that the four seasons are evergreen, Given this, moving northward of southern evergreen species just seems particularly important.In the plants being introduced from south to north process, except considering the objective unfavorable factors such as weather, temperature and soil, and take corresponding technical measures to make up outside the deficiency of objective factor, on the trees kind is selected, should strive unfavorable factor is reduced as far as possible, be advisable with the transition seeds between north and south.
But fragrant camphor tree is generally in the outdoor cropping of areas to the south, Huaihe River, it not only the four seasons evergreen, the tree crown globulate, the curve smoothness, form is mellow and full; Fast-growing longevity also, it is strong that sprout tillers upgrades power, and flue dust is had to certain adaptive capacity; Its root runs into hard thing and just can stop growing, very little to the harm of building, is the desirable plants that residential quarter, scenic area and road both sides are beautified, afforested, and naturally becomes the first-selected seeds of plants being introduced from south to north.Fragrant camphor tree originates in each province on the south China Yangtze river basin, is born in Plain, low mountain more, and vertical distribution, generally between 500 meters to 600 meters of height above sea level.For the important species in the Subtropical China evergreen broad-leaved forest, property happiness temperature climate and fertile deep acid or neutral sandy loam, not drought-resistant barren, can be born in glutinous earth, but avoid ponding.Like light, treelet slightly anti-half is cloudy, more needs sunlight during the prime of life.The suitable region of being born in more than average temperature of the whole year more than 16 ℃, the extreme minimum air temperature-7 ℃.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method, make fragrant camphor tree can be transplanted to North of Huai River than the northern area of high latitude, recover as early as possible growth potential, survive the winter smoothly and well grow, improve its winter protection freezing tolerance, meet northern area afforestation demand.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method, it is characterized in that, comprise following step:
1) select transplanting time: transplant fragrant camphor tree and be selected in for 3-June; In clear and bright front and back, planting survival rate is the highest;
2) transplant to prepare: the root system to the fragrant camphor tree transplanted is completely cured, branch, trunk are processed;
Step 2) processing that the root system of the fragrant camphor tree of transplanting described in is completely cured comprises the following steps: clear up the wound of being completely cured, and the wound saw is flat, smear with weight percent concentration 0.1% methyl α-naphthyl acetate and wool grease mixture the wound of being completely cured.
The processing of the branch of the fragrant camphor tree of transplanting step 2) comprises the following steps: clip the most of branch on trunk, the one-level of selecting and remain branch, make section be oblique, and smear or the thin bundle of picking a pocket with the envelope paint.
The processing of the trunk of the fragrant camphor tree of transplanting step 2) comprises the following steps: trunk wraps up with straw, twines film outward, then twines trunk with straw rope.
3) planting of plants:
Plant: the native ball of the fragrant camphor tree of transplanting is put into to plant pit landfill, and native ball exposes native table 1/4;
Build the earth bank of pouring water: fragrant camphor tree plant after around the plant pit diameter, build up the earth bank of pouring water of high 20-25cm;
Pour water: the fragrant camphor tree of planting was filled with first pass water on the same day, and the native ball of the original band of fragrant camphor tree is irrigated, and the area short of rain for spring drought, transplant rear continuous water injection and be no less than three times; A water of spray in 3-4 days later;
The step that also comprises the fragrant camphor tree fixed support to planting in described step 3).
The soil acidity or alkalinity that uncomfortable blending camphor tree growth is required is weakly alkaline area, also comprise the step of soil moved in to improve the original engineering in step 3), the plant pit diameter is than the large 20cm of native bulb diameter, below plant pit, the soil layer of 5-10cm first digs pine, insert again the fertilizer that 70-80cm is dark, plant soil ball while planting and keep steady, native ball bottom surface becomes plane contact with native face in plant pit, with space tamping between earth filling planting cave, mountain and native ball.
The step that also comprises the fragrant camphor tree body righting of the planting to tilting in described step 3), while holding up tree, the soil that first will set body root anticline one side excavates, then will set the body righting, the earth backing having peace of mind.
Also be included in fragrant camphor tree top and surrounding in described step 3) and build the step that cool canopy shades, cool canopy top and surrounding and tree crown keep the 50cm distance, and degree of shading is 70%.
4) late maintaining:
Water and fertilizer management: in arboreal growth season, keep watering abundance, and root soil is loosened; After young leaves is sprouted, carry out foliage-spray with weight percent concentration 0.1% urea, per month once; Enter and stop to execute urea after autumn, impose 2 times to 3 times 600 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the borax foliage fertilizer mixed liquor of 800 times;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: with the FeSO of weight percent concentration 0.2%
4Solution sprays with foliage fertilizer in case control yellows;
Antifreeze freeze prevention measure: before frost or cold air arrive, fragrant camphor tree is watered to sufficient anti-freezing water, the root earth bank of pouring water is sealed weir, and with film, the camphortree root neck is all covered; And wrap up in trunk with straw rope, then add and wrap up in film, and remove before the rudiment of tree body; Tree crown evenly sprays 800 times of liquid of high fat film emulsion of weight percent concentration 27%; The Second Year that plant survives, carry out pruning.
The beneficial effect that the present invention reaches:
The overall process that fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method of the present invention is transplanted through fragrant camphor tree, the time of transplanting by control, in the transplanting process, adopt make trees recover as early as possible growth potential and winter warming measure, strengthen the winter protection freezing tolerance of tree body self, improved the northerly survival rate of fragrant camphor tree, enriched the northern area Plant Diversity, the promotion of whole plants being introduced from south to north is applied and had the enlightenment effect, to northern area, afforestation has imponderable social value and great potential.
Embodiment
Below just concrete cultivation step the invention will be further described.Following examples are only for technical scheme of the present invention more clearly is described, and can not limit the scope of the invention with this.
The fragrant camphor tree process that north transplant in area comprises selection, the work such as transplanting preparation, planting of plants and late maintaining of transplanting time.
Transplanting time: the selection of transplanting time is the freeze proof key of whole winter protection, for the climate characteristic along the North of Huai River area, because lowering the temperature early, winter cold, the minimum air temperature can reach-15.8 ℃, transplants fragrant camphor tree and is selected in and carries out for 3-June, and planting survival rate is the highest before and after clear and bright.Because under the condition of ging up gradually in temperature, the fragrant camphor tree of transplanting has sufficiently long tree body to recover growth time, the winter of to strengthen tree vigo(u)r and resistance, resisting severe cold.The time second half year is avoided transplanting, and is mainly that convalescence is shorter, enters after the winter trees and is subject to freeze injury because of resistance a little less than and affects survival rate.
Transplant preparation: the root system of the fragrant camphor tree of transplanting will be cleared up wound after being completely cured, with saw, that the wound saw is flat, with weight percent concentration 0.1% methyl α-naphthyl acetate and wool grease mixture, smears the wound of being completely cured, and prevents from rotting and is conducive to early Fa Xingen.Clip the large section branch on trunk, the one-level of suitably selecting and remain branch, it is oblique that section is, and in order to refreshing water of rainy day, section is smeared or the thin bundle of picking a pocket with the envelope paint; Trunk is wrapped with straw, twines film outward, then with straw rope, twines dryly, to reduce water evaporates, controls the equilibrium of supply and demand of fragrant camphor tree body moisture content.
Planting of plants: to the soil acidity or alkalinity major part, be weakly alkaline area, uncomfortable blending camphor tree growth requirement, first carry out the soil moved in to improve the original engineering.The plant pit of planting is wide, dark, loose, transplant above the average age for marriage fragrant camphor tree, the plant pit length and width, deeply be generally 1m, the plant pit diameter gets final product than the large 20cm of native bulb diameter under normal circumstances, under plant pit, the soil layer of 5-10cm first digs pine, then inserts the decomposed manure that 70-80cm is dark, plants soil ball while planting and keeps steady, soil ball bottom surface becomes plane contact with native face in cave, with space tamping between earth filling planting cave, mountain and native ball; Peaceful shallow not dark while planting, expose native table 1/4 with native ball and be advisable, to strengthen gas permeability and to prevent rotten.Carry out fixed support, in case trees tilt.After planting of plants be slightly larger than kind of plant hole diameter around, build up the earth bank of pouring water of high 20-25cm, weir should be built real water-tight; The fragrant camphor tree of planting was filled with first pass water on the same day, the native ball of original band irrigated, and the area short of rain for spring drought, the rear continuous water injection of plantation is no less than three times; After the work of pouring water completes, seal in time weir, to reduce the evaporation of moisture content, later according to a water of spray in actual conditions 3-4 days.The fragrant camphor tree of planting, because of the soft sedimentation of soil, the tree body is run-off the straight lodging phenomenon very easily, need be to the timely righting of tree body of tilting, while holding up tree, the soil that first will set body root anticline one side excavates, then will set the body righting, the earth backing having peace of mind, can not push away by force wrench, rock back and forth, consequently native ball pine is split, and impact tree body survives.After planting of plants, while sinking to the uneven phenomenon occurring because of the rhizosphere soil of pouring water, smooth in time, so that root is subject to water, be subject to fertilizer consistent.The fragrant camphor tree wood of large specification is planted at transplant early or high-temperature drying season, build cool canopy and shade, and to reduce the tree crown temperature, reduces the moisture evaporation of tree body.Cool canopy top and surrounding and tree crown keep 50cm left and right distance, to guarantee, in canopy, certain air flow spaces is arranged, prevent the harm of burning tree crown day; Degree of shading is 70% left and right, allows the tree body accept certain scattered light, to guarantee tree body is photosynthetic, carries out.
Late maintaining: the maintenance in the later stage of planting, need carry out the measures such as normal water and fertilizer management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and protection against cold and freezing conditions.(1) water and fertilizer management: to the soil major part, be the area of sand silt, the preserve moisture and fertility ability is poor, and the quality of water and fertilizer management has just become fragrant camphor tree growth potential to recover the key factor of speed.In arboreal growth season, water and will keep sufficient, and root soil is loosened, in order to soil moisture conservation.After young leaves is sprouted, carry out foliage-spray with weight percent concentration 0.1% urea, per month once, be beneficial to the young leaves growth.Enter and stop to execute urea after autumn, impose 2 times to 3 times 600 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the borax foliage fertilizer mixed liquor of 800 times, to increase the cold resistance of plant.(2) strengthen the control of fragrant camphor tree yellows, to strengthen tree bulk-growth gesture.FeSO by weight percent concentration 0.2%
4Solution sprays with foliage fertilizer.(3) antifreeze freeze prevention measure: before frost or cold air arriving, fragrant camphor tree is watered to sufficient anti-freezing water, and the root earth bank of pouring water is sealed weir, and with film, the camphortree root neck is all covered, both can prevent that water evaporates was lost, can play to camphortree root section the effect of insulation again; And with straw rope, wrap up in dryly, then add and wrap up in film, but must remove in time before the rudiment of tree body.Tree crown evenly sprays 800 times of liquid of high fat film emulsion of weight percent concentration 27%, in order to form the monomolecular film of layer of transparent at the tree crown branches and leaves, prevents that leaf is by the cold current freeze injury.The Second Year that plant survives carries out pruning in good time, removes weak branch, retains sturdy branch, cultivates shoot, and the degree of lignification of shoot is further strengthened, and strengthens the winter protection freezing tolerance of tree body self.
Fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method of the present invention has played important function to the warming of fragrant camphor tree, improved the northerly survival rate of fragrant camphor tree, promotion application to whole plants being introduced from south to north has the enlightenment effect, to enriching the northern area Plant Diversity, imponderable social value and great potential is arranged.
The fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area of the present invention of below take method is moved northward fragrant camphor tree to the afforestation project of the Xuzhou Area that is positioned at North of Huai River as example and is described.
Xuzhou is located in east longitude 117.2 degree, and north latitude 34.3, belong to temperate climate, 14.5 ℃ of mean temperature of air over the years, 14.6 ℃ of spring wherein, 26.2 ℃ of summers, 15.3 ℃ of autumns, 1.9 ℃ of winters.The historical extreme minimum air temperature-15.8 ℃.The weather of winter severe cold has restricted fragrant camphor tree at the Xuzhou Area advolution.The present invention is directed to the problems referred to above, formulated from control and planted the time to the process of planting, and survive the winter a whole set of the freeze proof technical measures of fragrant camphor tree winter protection such as enforcement of measure of late maintaining management and winter protection.
Embodiment 1
Xuzhou City's Xincheng District 1
#The road greening engineering, this project is used fragrant camphor tree 161 strains of Ф 20-30cm altogether, and transplanting time is selected May, to after the equating of being completely cured, with weight percent concentration 0.1% methyl α-naphthyl acetate and wool grease mixture, smearing the wound of being completely cured, branch wound after pruning is smeared the envelope paint, and with straw rope, is twined dry; Carry out the soil moved in to improve the original engineering while planting, in kind of a plant hole bottom, inserted 0.5m
3Decomposed manure, then fill and tamping in the hole that will set around ball with mountain earth; Accomplish fluently to support and fill with three times sufficient water; Build cool canopy and shade, cool canopy top and surrounding and tree crown keep 50cm left and right distance, to guarantee, in canopy, certain air flow spaces is arranged, prevent the harm of burning tree crown day.Degree of shading is 70% left and right, allows the tree body accept certain scattered light, to guarantee tree body is photosynthetic, carries out.Later stage is strengthened moisture management, the often root soil moisture conservation of loosening the soil; Water sufficient anti-freezing water before entering the winter, to collar section ridging envelope weir, covering with plastic film, and trunk is twined to film, tree crown sprays 800 times of liquid of new high fat film emulsion of weight percent concentration 27%.Removed in time the film on collar section mulch film and trunk when next year, temperature went up, the mill weir of reforming, strengthen water and fertilizer management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, and tree crown has been carried out to pruning.Second Year survives 158, and winter, survival rate reached 98% without obvious freeze injury phenomenon.
Embodiment 2
Xuzhou City's Xincheng District 4
#The road greening engineering, this project is used 18 of the fragrant camphor trees of Ф 30-40cm altogether, and transplanting time is selected March, at first to after the equating of being completely cured, with weight percent concentration 0.1% methyl α-naphthyl acetate and wool grease mixture, smearing the wound of being completely cured, branch wound envelope paint after pruning is smeared, and straw rope twines dry doubling and wraps up in plastic film outward; Carry out the soil moved in to improve the original engineering while planting, in kind of a plant hole bottom, inserted 0.7m
3Decomposed manure, then fill and tamping in the hole that will set around ball with mountain earth; Accomplish fluently to support and fill with three times sufficient water; When temperature raises the sprouting of tree body, then remove the plastic film on trunk; Later stage is strengthened moisture management, keeps the root soil moisture conservation of loosening the soil; Water sufficient anti-freezing water before entering the winter, to collar section ridging envelope weir, covering with plastic film, and again trunk is twined to film, tree crown sprays 800 times of liquid of new high fat film emulsion of weight percent concentration 27%.Removed in time the film on collar section mulch film and trunk when next year, temperature went up, the mill weir of reforming, strengthen water and fertilizer management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, and tree crown has been carried out to pruning.Second Year all survives, and growing way is vigorous, and survival rate is up to 100%.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and distortion, these improvement and distortion also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method, is characterized in that, comprises following step:
1) select transplanting time: transplant fragrant camphor tree and be selected in for 3-June;
2) transplant to prepare: the root system to the fragrant camphor tree transplanted is completely cured, branch, trunk are processed;
3) planting of plants:
Plant: the native ball of the fragrant camphor tree of transplanting is put into to plant pit landfill, and native ball exposes native table 1/4;
Build the earth bank of pouring water: fragrant camphor tree plant after around the plant pit diameter, build up the earth bank of pouring water of high 20-25cm;
Pour water: the fragrant camphor tree of planting was filled with first pass water on the same day, the native ball of the original band of fragrant camphor tree is irrigated, and the area short of rain for spring drought, transplanting poured water the rear same day is no less than three times; A water of spray in 3-4 days later;
4) late maintaining:
Water and fertilizer management: in arboreal growth season, keep watering abundance, and root soil is loosened; After young leaves is sprouted, carry out foliage-spray with weight percent concentration 0.1% urea liquid, per month once; Enter and stop to execute urea after autumn, impose 2 times to 3 times 600 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the borax foliage fertilizer mixed liquor of 800 times;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: with the FeSO of weight percent concentration 0.2%
4Solution sprays with foliage fertilizer in case yellows;
Antifreeze freeze prevention measure: before frost or cold air arrive, fragrant camphor tree is watered to sufficient anti-freezing water, the root earth bank of pouring water is sealed weir, and with film, the camphortree root neck is all covered; And wrap up in trunk with straw rope, then add and wrap up in film, and remove before the rudiment of tree body; Tree crown evenly sprays 800 times of liquid of high fat film emulsion of weight percent concentration 27%; The Second Year that plant survives, carry out pruning;
Step 2) processing that the root system of the fragrant camphor tree of transplanting described in is completely cured comprises the following steps: clear up the wound of being completely cured, and the wound saw is flat, smear with weight percent concentration 0.1% naphthalene acid solution and wool grease solution mixture the wound of being completely cured.
2. fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that step 2) described in the processing of branch of the fragrant camphor tree transplanted comprise the following steps: clip the most of branch on trunk, the one-level of selecting and remain branch, make section be oblique, and smear or the thin bundle of picking a pocket with the envelope paint.
3. fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 2) described in the processing of trunk of the fragrant camphor tree transplanted comprise the following steps: trunk wraps up with straw, twines film outward, then twines trunk with straw rope.
4. fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises the step of the fragrant camphor tree fixed support to planting in described step 3).
5. fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the soil acidity or alkalinity that uncomfortable blending camphor tree growth is required is weakly alkaline area, also comprise the step of soil moved in to improve the original engineering in step 3), the plant pit diameter is than the large 20cm of native bulb diameter, and the soil layer of 5-10cm first digs pine below plant pit, insert again the fertilizer that 70-80cm is dark, plant soil ball while planting and keep steady, native ball bottom surface becomes plane contact with native face in plant pit, with space tamping between earth filling planting cave, mountain and native ball.
6. fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises the step of the fragrant camphor tree body righting of the planting to tilting in described step 3), and while holding up tree, the soil that first will set body root anticline one side excavates, then will set the body righting, the earth backing having peace of mind.
7. fragrant camphor tree cultivating in northern area method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also is included in fragrant camphor tree top and surrounding in described step 3) and builds the step that cool canopy shades, and cool canopy top and surrounding and tree crown keep the 50cm distance, and degree of shading is 70%.
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| CN105724164A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-07-06 | 吕强 | Overwintering cultivation method for orange trees in northern area |
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| CN102511270A (en) | 2012-06-27 |
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