CN100372970C - Method and device for producing membrane on magnetic refrigeration material surface - Google Patents
Method and device for producing membrane on magnetic refrigeration material surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN100372970C CN100372970C CNB2005100204404A CN200510020440A CN100372970C CN 100372970 C CN100372970 C CN 100372970C CN B2005100204404 A CNB2005100204404 A CN B2005100204404A CN 200510020440 A CN200510020440 A CN 200510020440A CN 100372970 C CN100372970 C CN 100372970C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a method and a device for producing thin films on a magnetic refrigeration material surface. By adopting different target materials, thin films of which the thickness is from 0.1 to 6 mu m can be formed on a magnetic refrigeration material, so that the magnetic refrigeration material is not eroded by heat exchange liquid and simultaneously does not influence the heat exchange when used in a magnetic refrigerator. The target materials can be alloy, such as stainless steel, and can also be pure metal, such as titanium, aluminium, copper, nickel or zirconium, and the treated magnetic refrigeration material can be granular, lamellar or filiform. A treatment device used by the present invention is a low temperature magnetron sputtering machine, a sputtering gun and the target materials are arranged on the upper part of a vacuum chamber and the magnetic refrigeration material is arranged at the lower part of the vacuum chamber. The present invention is provided with a vibration mechanism or a rabbling mechanism in the vacuum chamber so that the granular magnetic refrigeration material can be fully overturned during treatment so as to form thin films with uniform thickness on the magnetic refrigeration material surface.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of making film on magnetic refrigerating material surface, affiliated refrigerating field is particularly based on the magnetic refrigerating field of magnetothermal effect.
Background technology
The magnetothermal effect of material is the physical basis of magnetic refrigerator, and in the room temperature magnetic refrigerating technology, after use solid phase magnetic refrigerating material entered magnetic field, material heated up or cooling; Material cooling or intensification when leaving magnetic field.Utilize heat exchanging fluid to carry out the purpose that heat exchange reaches refrigeration or heats with it.Because solid-state refrigeration agent and externally-applied magnetic field that room-temperature magnetic refrigerator adopts, environment is not produced the material of harm, can not pollute, be considered at present the extensively best substitute technology of gas compression Refrigeration Technique of employing thus, have huge potential application market.
The material that is used for the room temperature magnetic refrigerating technology is called magnetic refrigeration working substance.It not only should have high magnetic entropy to become and adiabatic temperature becomes, and also good heat exchange efficiency will be arranged, and can not produce degradation even the inefficacy that chemical reaction causes material simultaneously and between the heat exchanging fluid.U.S. Pat 4727722 adopts thick 76 μ m, and there is the metal gadolinium sheet group in 127 μ m gaps the centre as magnetic refrigeration working substance.The gadolinium grain that U.S. Pat 5934078 adopts the 0.2mm size is as magnetic refrigeration working substance, and above-mentioned United States Patent (USP) does not all relate to the metal gadolinium is anticorrosion.The report of U.S.'s physics annual meeting of holding at this raised path between farm fields difficult to understand in April, 2003 according to U.S. Ka Er professor, the magnetic refrigerator of Japanese Chubu electronics and Toshiba adopts Gd
1-xDy
xAs magnetic refrigeration agent (2002 and 2003); The test of France's electronic technology laboratory adopts the Gd sheet as magnetic refrigeration agent (2003) with machine; The refrigeration agent of Nanjing of China university experimental prototype adopts Gd particle and Gd-Si-Ge particle also to obtain refrigeration (2002) preferably respectively.
In sum, at present general the employing with rare metal Gd, Gd of magnetic refrigerator is that the compound of matrix and other rare earth metal and compound thereof are as magnetic refrigeration working substance.This is because experimental study up to the present finds that the magnetothermal effect of these materials is very strong, and the good capacity of heat transmission and heat-exchange capacity are arranged, and totally is better than other metal, alloy and compound.Heat exchange fluid in the magnetic refrigerator use generally adopts water or has added the water of frostproofer.This is because the thermal capacity of water is bigger, and to environment without any pollution.Use proof, Gd and alloy thereof and other rare earth metal and alloy very easy being corroded in water thereof.Distilled water can cause corrosion to Gd within 24 hours, and tap water can cause corrosion to Gd and alloy thereof in several hours.This is because rare earth metal has stronger chemically reactive, can generate compound with the ionic bond in the water.Therefore, addressing this problem is one of gordian technique that promotes the development of magnetic Refrigeration Technique.Number of patent application be 02113407.3 disclosed with magnetic refrigerating material be coated in the strong tinsel of the capacity of heat transmission method, make direct contact heat-exchanging fluid of magnetic refrigerating material.But this method can not be directly used on the single fine particle magnetic refrigerating material.Number of patent application is 02137954.8 to have disclosed a kind of method of compound magnetic refrigeration working substance, can avoid the direct contact heat-exchanging fluid of part magnetic refrigerating material, but still have the direct contact heat-exchanging fluid of part magnetic refrigerating material.Number of patent application is 03127022.0 for addressing this problem, and has invented to add inhibiter in water, has reached the corrosion that delays Gd and has improved the purpose in magnetic refrigeration working substance life-span.
The present invention is corrosion resistant characteristics in the water and the aqueous solution according to some metals and alloy, adopt these materials to make protection against corrosion metal and alloy firm on the magnetic refrigerating material surface, not only cut off contacting of heat exchanging fluid and magnetic refrigerating material effectively, can not make the magnetic refrigerating material corrosion, the efficient of heat exchange can not reduced.This method not only goes for the magnetic refrigerating material of Gd and matrix thereof, also goes at all easy all magnetic refrigerating materials of corrosive in water; Not only be applicable to the sheet magnetic refrigerating material, can be applied to the magnetic refrigerating material of different shape simultaneously, can solve magnetic refrigerating material corrosion-prone problem in heat exchanging fluid.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at magnetic refrigerating material; mainly be rare earth metal and alloy thereof; the problem that in heat exchange medium, is corroded easily; on magnetic refrigerating material, make the etch-proof metal or alloy film of one deck; make it in magnetic refrigerator, immerse heat transferring medium when work, isolated with heat transferring medium (water and all kinds of SOLVENTS thereof), direct contact heat-exchanging medium and can not being corroded; reach the protection magnetic refrigeration working substance, the purpose that prolongs the work-ing life of magnetic refrigeration working substance.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: make the etch-proof metal or alloy film of one deck on magnetic refrigerating material rare earth metal and alloy thereof, it is characterized in that in magnetic control sputtering device, placing corrosion resistant splash-proofing sputtering metal material as target, utilize the surface coating of low temperature magnetic sputtering method magnetic refrigerating material (mainly being rare earth and alloy thereof), the sputtering target of magnetron sputtering machine is on the top of vacuum chamber, have 200～2000 volts of negative dc high voltages, sputter direction from the top down, magnetic refrigerating material is in the bottom, ground connection, the target atom that acceptance sputters, make deposition layer of metal or alloy firm on the surface of magnetic refrigerating material, sputtered film is one or more layers.Described film thickness is 0.1～6 μ m.
Described splash-proofing sputtering metal material is titanium, aluminium, nickel, copper, zirconium, stainless steel etc. or other metal and alloy water-fast and aqueous corrosion.
The shape of described magnetic refrigerating material is sheet, bulk, thread or particulate state.
Described magnetic refrigerating material is a Metal Gd, alloy Gd
5(Si
1-xGe
x)
4, [x=0～0.6], LaFe
11.2Si
0.7Co
1.1, MnFeP
0.45As
0.55, MnAs
1-xSb
x, [x=0.1～0.2], Gd
1-xDy
x, [x=0.5～1] or other magnetic refrigerating material.
Described magnetic refrigerating material will be through cleaning before processing, put into vacuum tank after, original vacuum tightness reaches 1 * 10
-2～1 * 10
-4Pa, the operating pressure of high-purity argon gas is 0.1～5Pa during sputter.
Described magnetic refrigerating material heating, temperature is no more than 200 ℃.
Described magnetic control sputtering device is to be become by vacuum system, vacuum bell jar, work rest assembly, target, permanent magnet, sputter gun, electric control system controls group.
Described a kind of device of making film on the magnetic refrigerating material surface, its vacuum system is made up of mechanical pump and diffusion pump, be installed in the worktable bottom of magnetic control sputtering device, the pipeline of vacuum system and vacuum bell jar UNICOM, vacuum bell jar can oscilaltion, the work rest assembly can be installed after vacuum bell jar rises and place magnetic refrigerating material on the work rest assembly; Sputter gun is the hollow sealing right cylinder, and permanent magnet is installed in the bottom, and target is close to permanent magnet and is fixed on the sputter gun, and sputter gun is installed in vacuum bell jar top by insulating material, and the water coolant inlet and outlet pipe lines is left on vacuum bell jar top; The electric control system controls cabinet is converted to direct current with 220 volts of alternating-current, and making direct current by voltate regulator is 200～2000 volts, and negative pole is connected on the sputter gun, and positive pole is connected on the work rest assembly and while ground connection.
Described work rest assembly is according to the different configurable vibrator assemblies of shape or the agitator assembly of magnetic refrigerating material.
Advantage of the present invention is: rare earth metal and rare earth alloys are under general situation; poor with the wettability of other metal or alloy; adopt the method for other surface coating; all can not solve the moistened surface problem well as plating, chemical reduction etc.; thereby cause material surface can not evenly form the layer of metal film, do not have the purpose of protection magnetic refrigerating material.The present invention adopts magnetically controlled sputter method in the magnetic refrigerating material surface sputtering layer of even metallic film process, because in the magnetron sputtering, metallics has very big impact energy, makes metallic film and magnetic refrigerating material that very strong bonding force be arranged; Can also accomplish to control film thickness by controlling its processing parameter, make metallic film fine and close more, reach the purpose of protection magnetic refrigerating material.In treating processes, the temperature of magnetic refrigerating material is being no more than 200 ℃, and metallics only can make magnetic refrigerating material heat up seldom to the impact of magnetic refrigerating material, can not cause the physicals of magnetic refrigerating material to change.The present invention not only can handle sheet, bulk, thread magnetic refrigerating material surface, and can carry out surface treatment to the particulate state magnetic refrigerating material.The present invention has designed vibrator or the agitator that is specifically designed to the particulate state magnetic refrigerating material, and the magnetic refrigerating material particle is contacted with ion that sputters or atom in sputter procedure equably, forms the layer of metal film.
Description of drawings:
The present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1, magnetic control sputtering device synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2, vibrator assembly synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3, agitator assembly synoptic diagram.
Magnetic refrigerating material synoptic diagram after Fig. 4, the processing.
1, vacuum system, 2, vacuum bell jar, 3, the work rest assembly, 4, magnetic refrigerating material, 5, target, 6, permanent magnet, 7, sputter gun, 8, the electric control system controls cabinet, 9, vibrator base, 10, electro-magnet, 11, spring, 12, laminated spring, 13, impact block, 14, the vibrator workpiece cassette, 15, blender base, 16, variator, 17, transmission pays, 18, agitating vane, 19, the agitator workpiece cassette, 20, film.
Be illustrated in figure 1 as the magnetic control sputtering device schematic diagram. Vacuum system 1 is made up of machine pump and diffusion pump, Be installed in the workbench bottom of magnetic control sputtering device, pipeline and vacuum bell jar 2 UNICOMs of vacuum system 1 outlet, Vacuum bell jar 2 can oscilaltion, work rest assembly 3 can be installed and place magnetic after vacuum bell jar 2 rises Refrigerating material 4 is on work rest assembly 3. Sputter gun 7 is the hollow sealing cylinder, and the subordinate installs permanent magnet 6, Target 5 is close to permanent magnet 6 and is fixed on the sputter gun 7, and sputter gun 7 is installed in the vacuum clock by insulating materials Cover 2 tops, the cooling water intake-outlet is left on vacuum bell jar 2 tops. The negative pole of electric control system controls cabinet 8 connects On sputter gun 7, positive pole is connected on the work rest assembly 3 and while ground connection.
The course of work of magnetic control sputtering device is: starting vacuum system 1, link to each other with vacuum bell jar 2 by pipeline, After reaching certain vacuum, fill a certain amount of argon gas of people by pipeline B, the pressure in the vacuum tank is reached Desired value. Start electric power system control cabinet 8, at this moment pass through the water quench sputter gun 7 of pipeline A. There are 200～2000 volts of negative dc high voltages between sputter gun 7 and the workpiece magnetic refrigerating material 4, make the argon in the tank Pneumoelectric from because the effect of permanent magnet 6 makes it impact target 5, target 5 lip-deep atoms be subjected to argon from Obtain enough energy after son impacts and leave target 5, in electric field with the magnetic refrigeration material of certain speed impulse grounding Material 4. Because magnetic refrigerating material 4 surfaces are through cleaning and other processing, surface-active is big, and metallic atom is at it Surface sediment, form at last certain thickness film. Sputtering time is more long, and electric current is more big, film thick Spend more thick. When magnetic refrigerating material 4 be shaped as sheet, bulk material or filamentary material the time, work rest assembly 3 Can be static, if when processing graininess magnetic refrigerating material 4, work rest assembly 3 can adopt Fig. 2 Or the vibrator assembly of Fig. 3 or agitator assembly.
Be illustrated in figure 2 as vibrator assembly schematic diagram. When processing graininess magnetic refrigerating material 4, work rest Assembly 3 interior installation vibrator assemblies, mounting spring 11 and electromagnet 10 on the vibrator base 9, flat spring 12 are connected with spring 11, also link together with workpiece cassette 14. Behind the power connection of electromagnet 10, impact Piece 13 upwards shock plate spring 12 makes spring 11 vibrations, regulates size of current and the frequency of power supply and can regulate The amplitude of workpiece cassette 14 and frequency. Adopt more than one electromagnet 10 can make in the vibrator workpiece cassette 14 Graininess magnetic refrigerating material 4 rolling.
Be illustrated in figure 3 as agitator assembly schematic diagram. When processing graininess magnetic refrigerating material 4, work rest Also the agitator assembly can be installed in the assembly 3, speed changer 16 is installed on the blender base 15, pay by transmission 17 pass to stirring vane 18 with power, and graininess magnetic refrigerating material 4 is stirring under the stirring of stirring vane 18 Mix the 19 interior rollings of device workpiece cassette. Adjust the frequency of motor and the gearratio of speed changer 16, can adjust stirring Speed.
Be illustrated in figure 4 as the magnetic refrigerating material schematic diagram after the processing. Magnetic refrigerating material 4 after the processing and surface Film 20 in the sputter, in fact, the shape of magnetic refrigerating material can be sheet, and is block and thread, no It only is illustrated form of spherical particles. The thickness of film is that 0.1 μ m is to 6 μ m.
Embodiment:
Embodiment one:
The employing diameter is 10cm, and the titanium target of thick 8cm is installed on the sputter gun 7 of magnetron sputtering machine.The sheet metal gadolinium is cleaned with acetone after cleaning in the ultrasonic cleaner again, be placed on behind the oven drying at low temperature on the magnetic control sputtering device work rest assembly 3 shown in Figure 1.When vacuum tightness reaches 3 * 10
-3During Pa, charge into high-purity argon gas, vacuum unit is also worked simultaneously, and jar interior pressure is remained in 0.5～2.5Pa scope.Feed water coolant by A, start power supply, progressively increase electric current, the aura that argon plasma produces on target 5, occurs.Because the action of a magnetic field of permanent magnet 6, argon plasma impacts target 5, and the atom sputtering on the target 5 is gone out.Under effect of electric field, titanium atom impacts on magnetic refrigerating material 4.Regulate sputtering time at 3～10 minutes and electric current at 1～3 ampere, the thickness of control sputtering layer.Film thickness is between 0.5～2 μ m.Through detecting, film is very tight with combining of body material gadolinium, and bonding strength is more than the 10MPa.Gadolinium sheet of handling and untreated gadolinium sheet are placed in the distilled water simultaneously and compare, after two months, and plated film gadolinium sheet surface-brightening, and do not have the gadolinium sheet surface stain of plated film, there is white point on the surface simultaneously.Can illustrate that plated film has prevented the oxidation of gadolinium effectively.
Embodiment two:
Adopt diameter 10cm, the aluminium target of thick 8cm is installed on the sputter gun 7 of magnetron sputtering machine.Be placed on the magnetic control sputtering device work rest assembly 3 shown in Figure 1 with the sheet metal gadolinium after the same disposal methods of embodiment one.Make the temperature of gadolinium sheet be raised to 100 ℃.Vacuum tightness reaches 3 * 10
-3During Pa, charge into high-purity argon gas, vacuum unit is also worked simultaneously, and jar interior pressure is remained in 0.5～2.5Pa scope.Feed water coolant by A.Start power supply, progressively increase electric current, the aura of plasma generation occurs on target 5, because the action of a magnetic field of permanent magnet 6, argon plasma impacts target 5, and the atom sputtering on the target 5 is gone out.Under effect of electric field, the aluminium atomic bombardment is on magnetic refrigerating material 4.Regulate sputtering time at 3～10 minutes and electric current at 1～3 ampere, the thickness of control sputtering layer.Film thickness is between 0.5～2 μ m.Through detecting, film is very tight with combining of body material gadolinium, and bonding strength is more than the 10MPa.Gadolinium sheet of handling and untreated gadolinium sheet are placed in the distilled water simultaneously and compare, and after two months, plated film gadolinium sheet table still is a white, and does not have the gadolinium sheet surface stain of plated film, and there is white point on the surface simultaneously.Can illustrate that plated film has prevented the oxidation of gadolinium effectively.
Embodiment three:
Adopt diameter 10cm, the stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti target of thick 8cm is installed on the magnetron sputtering machine sputter gun 7.With block Gd
2Si
2Ge
2Alloy cleans with acetone after cleaning with ultrasonic cleaner again, is placed on the magnetic control sputtering device work rest assembly 3 shown in Figure 2.Vacuum tightness reaches 3 * 10
-3During Pa, charge into high-purity argon gas, vacuum unit is also worked simultaneously, and jar interior pressure is remained in 0.5～2.5Pa scope.Feed water coolant through A, start power supply, progressively increase electric current, the plasma body aura occurs on target, because the action of a magnetic field of permanent magnet 6, argon plasma impacts target 5, and the atom sputtering on the target 5 is gone out.Under effect of electric field, stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti atomic bombardment is on magnetic refrigerating material 4.Regulate the thickness of sputtering time and strength of current control sputtering layer, film thickness between 0.5～2 μ m, the composition basically identical of the composition of film and target 5.The Gd that handled
2Si
2Ge
2Alloy and untreated Gd
2Si
2Ge
2Alloy is placed in the distilled water simultaneously and compares, after two months, and the magnetic refrigerating material surface-brightening of plated film, and do not have the material surface blackening of plated film, there is white point on the surface simultaneously.Can illustrate that plated film has prevented Gd effectively
2Si
2Ge
2The oxidation of alloy.
Embodiment four:
Adopt diameter 10cm, the titanium target of thick 8cm is installed on the magnetron sputtering machine magnetron sputtering rifle 7.With granularity is 100 purpose metal gadolinium or Gd
5Si
2Ge
2Alloy 50g is placed in the work rest assembly 3 of vibrator in Fig. 2 or the magnetron sputtering machine shown in Figure 3 or agitator.Vacuum tightness reaches 3 * 10
-3During Pa, charge into high-purity argon gas, vacuum unit is also worked simultaneously, makes jar interior pressure in 0.5～2.5Pa scope.Feed water coolant through A, start power supply, progressively increase electric current, the aura of plasma generation on target 5, occurs.Because the action of a magnetic field of permanent magnet 6, argon plasma impacts target 5, and the atom sputtering on the target 5 is gone out, and sputters on the magnetic refrigerating material 4.While Vibration on Start-up device or agitator, granular magnetic refrigerating material 4 rolls thereupon and beats.Adjusting vibrational frequency and strength of current make the vibration height of granular magnetic refrigerating material 4 at 0～5mm, the mixing speed of adjusting agitator changes at per minute 30～100, adjust about 5～15 minutes of sputtering time, electric current is 2～3 amperes, can make film thickness between 0.5～2 μ m.
Claims (7)
1. method of making film on magnetic refrigerating material surface, on magnetic refrigerating material, make the etch-proof metal or alloy film of one deck, it is characterized in that in magnetic control sputtering device, placing corrosion resistant splash-proofing sputtering metal material as target, utilize the surface coating of low temperature magnetic sputtering method at magnetic refrigerating material, the sputtering target of magnetron sputtering machine is on the top of vacuum chamber, have 200～2000 volts of negative dc high voltages, sputter direction from the top down, magnetic refrigerating material is in the bottom, ground connection, the target atom that acceptance sputters makes deposition layer of metal or alloy firm on the surface of magnetic refrigerating material, and sputtered film is one or more layers.
2. a kind of method of making film on the magnetic refrigerating material surface according to claim 1 is characterized in that described film thickness is 0.1～6 μ m.
3. a kind of method of making film on the magnetic refrigerating material surface according to claim 1 is characterized in that described splash-proofing sputtering metal material is titanium, aluminium, nickel, copper, zirconium, stainless steel or other metal and alloy water-fast and aqueous corrosion.
4. a kind of method of making film on the magnetic refrigerating material surface according to claim 1, the shape that it is characterized in that described magnetic refrigerating material is sheet, bulk, thread or particulate state.
5. a kind of method of making film on the magnetic refrigerating material surface according to claim 1 is characterized in that described magnetic refrigerating material is a Metal Gd, alloy Gd
5(Si
1-xGe
x)
4, x=0～0.6, LaFe
11.2Si
0.7Co
1.1, MnFeP
0.45As
0.55, MnAs
1-xSb
x, x=0.1～0.2, Gd
1-xDy
x, x=0.5～1 or other magnetic refrigerating material.
6. a kind of method of making film on magnetic refrigerating material surface according to claim 1 is characterized in that described magnetic refrigerating material will be through cleaning before processing, put into vacuum tank after, original vacuum tightness reaches 1 * 10
-2～1 * 10
-4Pa, the operating pressure of high-purity argon gas is 0.1～5Pa during sputter.
7. a kind of method of making film on the magnetic refrigerating material surface according to claim 1 is characterized in that described magnetic refrigerating material heating, and temperature is no more than 200 ℃.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| TWI403682B (en) * | 2009-09-17 | 2013-08-01 | Delta Electronics Inc | Magnetocaloric structure |
| CN102189406A (en) * | 2010-03-08 | 2011-09-21 | 杨晓峰 | Processing method and anti-corrosion technology for magnetic refrigeration material |
| CN101928923B (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2012-06-27 | 赫得纳米科技(昆山)有限公司 | Vacuum sputtering coating equipment with vacuum pump protecting structure |
| CN103606508A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-02-26 | 苏州市奥普斯等离子体科技有限公司 | Processing device for granular material surface plasma |
| CN105112862B (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2018-05-08 | 南京信息工程大学 | The material and preparation method of gadolinium copper alloy layer are formed on pure gadolinium surface |
| CN106373852A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-02-01 | 青岛理工大学 | Plasma processing device |
| CN108193182A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-06-22 | 苏州求是真空电子有限公司 | A kind of three-dimensional Sputting film-plating apparatus |
| CN110819947A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2020-02-21 | 无锡变格新材料科技有限公司 | Sputtering machine and sputtering process thereof |
| CN114093663A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-02-25 | 天津城建大学 | Room temperature magnetocaloric material and method for producing the same |
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| WO2003039791A1 (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-15 | The Trustees Of Princeton University | Methods for the preparation of metallic alloy nanoparticles and compositions thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| RU2751704C1 (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-07-15 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет» | Method for producing anti-corrosive coating on articles from monolithic titanium nickelide |
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