CN100368074C - Nano composite hydrogen-storing material and preparing method - Google Patents

Nano composite hydrogen-storing material and preparing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100368074C
CN100368074C CNB2004100503505A CN200410050350A CN100368074C CN 100368074 C CN100368074 C CN 100368074C CN B2004100503505 A CNB2004100503505 A CN B2004100503505A CN 200410050350 A CN200410050350 A CN 200410050350A CN 100368074 C CN100368074 C CN 100368074C
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hydrogen
ball milling
hydrogen storage
magnesium hydride
nano
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CN1743066A (en
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成会明
吴成章
刘畅
姚向东
逮高清
***
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Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32Hydrogen storage

Abstract

The present invention provides a nano composite hydrogen storing material which is a mixture of 90 wt percent to 99 wt percent of magnesium hydride and 1 wt percent to 10 wt percent of nano carbon. The preparation method of the present invention comprises that nano carbon is mixed into the magnesium hydride according to required proportion; the magnesium hydride is mechanically milled into a ball by 30 minutes to 100 hours under argon or hydrogen atmosphere, and subsequently, is desorbed, or the magnesium hydride is milled into a ball by 1 hour to 100 hours; then, the magnesium hydride added with the nano carbon to be milled into the ball by 30 minutes to 10 hours, and subsequently, is desorbed. The present invention has the advantages that the preparation process is simple, the prepared composite material does not need to be activated, the dynamics performance can be directly detected, the prepared composite hydrogen storing material has excellent and comprehensive hydrogen storage performance and has excellent dynamics performance when keeping high hydrogen storage capacity, and the hydrogen storage capacity is from 4.5 wt percent to 6.7 wt percent.

Description

A kind of nanocomposite hydrogen storage material and preparation method thereof
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of hydrogen storage material, particularly contain the novel hydrogen storage material of the collaborative storage hydrogen of having of magnesium and nano-sized carbon effect, also relate to the preparation method of novel hydrogen storage material.
Background technology:
Environment, the energy and sustainable development are the three big themes that our times faces, and Hydrogen Energy is one of desirable clean energy resource.In recent years, the fast development of fuel cell car and business-like propelling have swept across All Around The World, and it is energy-efficient, and zero-emission or near the good environment performance of zero-emission, make it to become world today's energy and field of traffic hot of research and development.But the technical bottleneck that solves fuel cell car at present is still the storage problem of hydrogen.
As everyone knows, in the various metal hydrides of research at present, Mg is because its high weight hydrogen-storage density (the theoretical weight hydrogen-storage density is 7.6wt%) has caused people's very big interest, and it is in light weight, cost is low, and the content in the earth's crust is extremely abundant again.But Mg storage hydrogen has shortcoming clearly again, be exactly its storage, hydrogen discharging temperature height (~673K), dynamics is poor.In order to improve the dynamic performance of Mg storage hydrogen, people add catalyst and adopt the method for ball milling to prepare nano hydrogen-storage material in Mg, but from present result, add the thermodynamic problems that these catalyst also fundamentally do not solve the Mg storage, put hydrogen.
1-dimention nano such as carbon nano-fiber, CNT material with carbon element is the hollow form carbon structural nano that is curled and formed by graphene film, because its special structure, CNT at room temperature also has good storage hydrogen effect.The hydrogen storage capability of report SWNTs such as U.S. Dillon in 1997 is approximately 5~10wt%; SWNT can be inhaled hydrogen 4.2wt% (ZL991122902.4) after Metal Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences's report was purified in 1999 under room temperature 12MPa hydrogen pressure.Nankai University adopts several different preparation methods to prepare hydrogen bearing alloy/CNT composite hydrogen storage material, and its hydrogen storage capability is 2.5wt%~4.5wt% (CN1259584A).Wuhan University of Technology adopts the unidimensional nanocarbon surface of microwave plasma etching to mix or deposition hydrogen storage metal or the prepared hydrogen storage material of hydrogen bearing alloy, and its hydrogen storage capability is 3.8wt%~5.5wt% (CN 1398664A).
Summary of the invention:
The present invention aims to provide a kind of nanocomposite hydrogen storage material and preparation method thereof, to have obtained the good hydrogen dynamic performance that stores.
The invention provides a kind of nanocomposite hydrogen storage material, it is characterized in that: hydrogen storage material is the mixture of magnesium hydride 90wt%~99wt% and nano-sized carbon 1wt%~10wt%.Because the special nanostructured of nano-sized carbon, in mechanical milling process can and magnesium hydride form compound even and the composite of ultra-fine microstructure arranged, in mechanical milling process, not only increased specific area by short nano-sized carbon of cutting, and the structure of hollow can provide passage for the diffusion of hydrogen, improves and stores the hydrogen performance.The X ray diffracting spectrum of CNT composite after the ball milling preparation as shown in Figure 1 behind magnesium hydride+purifying; The X ray diffracting spectrum of CNT composite after desorption is also for the first time inhaled hydrogen as shown in Figure 2 behind magnesium hydride+purifying; Scanning electron microscopy sheet behind magnesium hydride+purifying behind the CNT composite ball milling as shown in Figure 3.
Nanocomposite hydrogen storage material provided by the invention can also contain catalyst, its weight ratio is 70wt%~99wt% for magnesium hydride content, nano-sized carbon content is 1wt%~10wt%, catalyst content is 0.1~29wt%, catalyst can be magnesium-yttrium-transition metal Fe, Co, Ni, Ti, V, Zr, Mn, Nb, Li, Ca, Cr, Cu, Zn, Al, Y, Mo, Sn, B, metal-oxide compound Nb 2O 5, V 2O 5, Fe 3O 4, TiO 2, Cr 2O 3, ZrO, can or be lower than the hydrogen bearing alloy such as lanthanum nickel system, ferrotitanium system of reversible hydrogen adsorption and desorption under the normal temperature, the combination of wherein one or more at normal temperature.Catalyst promotes hydrogen molecule to dissociate into hydrogen atom, then is expected to make the polynary hydrogen storage system of magnesium+nano-sized carbon+catalyst keeping under the prerequisite of high hydrogen-storage density, obtains the good hydrogen dynamic performance that stores.
Nano-sized carbon in the nanocomposite hydrogen storage material provided by the invention can be CNT or carbon nano-fiber, or the mixture of the two, and wherein, CNT is the SWNT or the multiple-wall carbon nanotube of purifying or not purifying.
In addition, the invention provides a kind of preparation method of nanocomposite hydrogen storage material, it is characterized in that: nano-sized carbon is blended in the magnesium hydride in required ratio, mechanical ball milling is 30 minutes~100 hours under argon gas or hydrogen atmosphere, and carry out desorption subsequently, the adding of sample and taking-up are all carried out in glove box, and wherein water, oxygen content all are lower than 1ppm.
The invention provides the preparation method of another kind of nanocomposite hydrogen storage material, it is characterized in that: with magnesium hydride ball milling 1 hour~100 hours; Add nano-sized carbon ball milling 30 minutes~10 hours and carry out desorption subsequently more then.
Among the preparation method of nanocomposite hydrogen storage material provided by the invention, can be earlier with pure magnesium ball milling under hydrogen atmosphere, Hydrogen Vapor Pressure is 0.5~1MPa, the ball milling time is 1h~20h, makes magnesium hydride.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of nanocomposite hydrogen storage material again, earlier with magnesium hydride+catalyst ball milling 10 hours~100 hours, adds nano-sized carbon ball milling 30 minutes~10 hours more then.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of nanocomposite hydrogen storage material, and earlier with magnesium+catalyst ball milling 10 hours~100 hours under hydrogen atmosphere, Hydrogen Vapor Pressure is 0.5~1MPa, adds nano-sized carbon ball milling 30 minutes~10 hours more then.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of nanocomposite hydrogen storage material, earlier the catalyst ball milling is mixed 10 minutes~2 hours, and repeated hydrogenation magnesium ball milling 10 hours~100 hours adds nano-sized carbon ball milling 30 minutes~10 hours more then.
Among the preparation method of nanocomposite hydrogen storage material provided by the invention, magnesium hydride obtains pure magnesium ball milling under hydrogen atmosphere, and Hydrogen Vapor Pressure is 0.5~1MPa, and the ball milling time is 1h~20h.
The nanocomposite hydrogen storage material of the present invention's preparation, observe confirmation through X-ray diffraction, ESEM and high-resolution-ration transmission electric-lens, the crystallite dimension of composite has reached nanoscale, nano-sized carbon or catalysis are uniformly distributed in the Mg matrix mutually, and nano-sized carbon or catalysis all generate intermetallic compound with Mg mutually.Sample of the present invention need not activation, directly carries out the dynamic performance test, temperature range: 100 ℃~350 ℃, and pressure limit: 0.5~2.0MPa.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, preparation technology is simple, and the composite of preparation gained does not need activation, can directly carry out the dynamic performance test;
2, preparation gained composite hydrogen storage material has the excellent comprehensive hydrogen storage property, also has excellent dynamic performance when keeping higher hydrogen storage capability, and hydrogen storage capability is 4.5wt%~6.7wt%.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the X ray diffracting spectrum of CNT composite after the ball milling preparation behind magnesium hydride+purifying;
Fig. 2 is the X ray diffracting spectrum of CNT composite behind magnesium hydride+purifying after desorption is also for the first time inhaled hydrogen;
Fig. 3 is the scanning electron microscopy sheet behind the CNT composite ball milling behind magnesium hydride+purifying;
Fig. 4 is CNT composite and the first time hydrogen sucking function test comparison of pure magnesium hydride sample behind desorption behind magnesium hydride+purifying, and temperature is 573K;
Fig. 5 is CNT composite and the first time hydrogen sucking function test comparison of pure magnesium hydride sample behind desorption behind magnesium hydride+purifying, and temperature is 473K;
Fig. 6 is the first time hydrogen sucking function test curve of purifying nano carbon pipe sample behind desorption of magnesium hydride+not;
Fig. 7 is CNT+catalyst sample and the first time hydrogen sucking function test comparison of magnesium hydride+catalyst sample behind desorption behind magnesium hydride+purifying;
Fig. 8 is the hydrogen discharging performance test comparison after desorption is also for the first time inhaled hydrogen for CNT sample behind magnesium hydride+purifying and pure magnesium hydride sample, and temperature is 623K.
The specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1
The purification SWNT, its purity is about 90%, and caliber is 1~2nm.Then the SWNT behind the purifying is sneaked into and adopt the reaction ball milling legal system to be equipped with in the magnesium hydride powder and mix (SWNT: MgH 2=5: 95, percentage by weight), under argon shield, carry out high-energy ball milling then, ratio of grinding media to material is 20: 1, the ball milling time is 10 hours.Nano composite material to the preparation gained is carried out hydrogen storage property test (shown in Figure 4 and 5) with volumetric method behind desorption, hydrogen pressure is 2MPa.Under 573K, hydrogen storage capability is 6.67wt% in 600 seconds; Can inhale hydrogen 5.47wt% under 473K, in one hour, maximum can be inhaled hydrogen 6.35wt%; Even when temperature is 423K, can inhale hydrogen 2.5wt% in one hour, and maximum hydrogen can reach 4.8wt%.Under 623K, the hydrogen desorption capacity of nanocomposite hydrogen storage material in 30 minutes of preparation gained is 6.23wt% (as shown in Figure 8), is about 93% of maximum hydrogen.
Embodiment 2
The purification SWNT, its purity is about 90%, and caliber is 1~2nm.Then the SWNT behind the purifying is sneaked into and adopt the reaction ball milling legal system to be equipped with in the magnesium hydride powder and mix (SWNT: MgH 2=10: 90, percentage by weight), under argon shield, carry out high-energy ball milling then, ratio of grinding media to material is 20: 1, the ball milling time is 30 hours.Nano composite material to the preparation gained is carried out hydrogen storage property test (shown in Figure 4 and 5) with volumetric method behind desorption, hydrogen pressure is 2MPa.Under 573K, hydrogen storage capability is 6.5wt%; Under 473K, hydrogen storage capability is 6.0wt%.
Embodiment 3
The SWNT (wherein containing Fe, Co, Ni catalyst) of will not purifying is sneaked in the magnesium hydride powder that adopts the preparation of reaction ball milling method and is mixed (SWNT: MgH 2=1: 99, percentage by weight), under argon shield, carry out high-energy ball milling then, ratio of grinding media to material is 20: 1, the ball milling time is 20 hours.Nano composite material to the preparation gained is carried out hydrogen storage property test (as shown in Figure 6) with volumetric method behind desorption, hydrogen pressure is 2MPa.Under 573K, hydrogen storage capability is 5.5wt%; Under 473K, hydrogen storage capability reaches 4.6wt% in 10 minutes, and maximum hydrogen storage capability reaches 5.3wt%.
Embodiment 4
The purification multiple-wall carbon nanotube, its purity is about 90%, and caliber is 20~30nm.Then the multiple-wall carbon nanotube behind the purifying is sneaked into and adopt the reaction ball milling legal system to be equipped with in the magnesium hydride powder and mix (multiple-wall carbon nanotube: MgH 2=5: 95, percentage by weight), under argon shield, carry out high-energy ball milling then, ratio of grinding media to material is 20: 1, the ball milling time is 10 hours.Nano composite material to the preparation gained is carried out the hydrogen storage property test with volumetric method behind desorption, hydrogen pressure is 2MPa.Under 573K, hydrogen storage capability is 6.3wt%; Under 473K, hydrogen storage capability is 5.5wt%.
Embodiment 5
Fe, Ti powder are mixed with 2: 1 ratio of atomic percent, sneak in the magnesium hydride powder that adopts the preparation of reaction ball milling method then and mix Fe when sneaking into 2The percentage by weight of Ti and magnesium hydride powder is 5: 95.Mixed sample is carried out high-energy ball milling under the argon gas atmosphere protection, ratio of grinding media to material is 20: 1, and the ball milling time is 60 hours.And then added 5wt% SWNT and ball milling therein 10 hours.Nano composite material to the preparation gained is carried out hydrogen storage property test (as shown in Figure 7) with volumetric method behind desorption, hydrogen pressure is 2MPa.When 473K, hydrogen reaches 4.7wt% in 10 minutes, and maximum hydrogen can reach 5.6wt%.When not adding the carbon pipe, hydrogen storage capability increases about 1.5wt%.
Embodiment 6
Zr, Mn powder are mixed with 1: 1 ratio of atomic percent, sneak in the magnesium hydride powder that adopts the preparation of reaction ball milling method then and mix, the percentage by weight of ZrMn and magnesium hydride powder is 4: 96 when sneaking into.Mixed sample is carried out high-energy ball milling under the argon gas atmosphere protection, ratio of grinding media to material is 20: 1, and the ball milling time is 30 hours.And then added 5wt% SWNT and ball milling therein 10 hours.Nano composite material to the preparation gained is carried out the hydrogen storage property test with volumetric method behind desorption, hydrogen pressure is 2MPa.When 473K, hydrogen reaches 5.2wt% in 10 minutes, and maximum hydrogen can reach 6.3wt%; When 423K, hydrogen can reach 3.8wt% in 10 minutes.When not adding the carbon pipe respectively, hydrogen storage capability increases about 0.8wt% and 1.0wt%.
Embodiment 7
With Mg, LaNi 5With V be that 85: 10: 5 ratio is mixed and to be placed on ball milling under the hydrogen atmosphere with percentage by weight, Hydrogen Vapor Pressure is 1MPa, ratio of grinding media to material is 20: 1, the ball milling time is 30 hours, and every 10 hours in the ball grinder hydrogen make-up once arrive 1MPa.And then toward the carbon pipe ball milling that wherein adds 5wt% and placed under the argon gas atmosphere ball milling 10 hours.Nano composite material to the preparation gained is carried out the hydrogen storage property test with volumetric method behind desorption, hydrogen pressure is 2MPa.Under 473K, hydrogen reaches 4.1wt% in 10 minutes, and maximum hydrogen can reach 5.2wt%; When 423K, hydrogen can reach 3.5wt% in 10 minutes, and hydrogen can reach 4.5wt% in 60 minutes.When not adding the carbon pipe respectively, hydrogen storage capability increases about 1.0wt% and 1.2wt%.
Embodiment 8
With Nb 2O 5In powder and the magnesium hydride powder that adopts the preparation of reaction ball milling method and mix Nb when sneaking into 2O 5With the mol ratio of magnesium hydride powder be 0.2: 98.8.Mixed sample is carried out high-energy ball milling under the argon gas atmosphere protection, ratio of grinding media to material is 20: 1, and the ball milling time is 40 hours.And then added 5wt% SWNT and ball milling therein 10 hours.Nano composite material to the preparation gained is carried out the hydrogen storage property test with volumetric method behind desorption, hydrogen pressure is 2MPa.Recording hydrogen storage capability under 473K in 10 minutes is 4.2wt%, and maximum hydrogen is 5.2wt%.
Embodiment 9
With magnesium hydride powder ball milling under argon gas atmosphere of catalytic reacting ball milling method preparation, ratio of grinding media to material is 20: 1, and the ball milling time is 80 hours.And then added 10wt% SWNT and ball milling therein 30 minutes.Nano composite material to the preparation gained is carried out the hydrogen storage property test with volumetric method behind desorption, hydrogen pressure is 2MPa.Recording hydrogen storage capability under 473K in 10 minutes is 5.2wt%, and maximum hydrogen is 5.9wt%.
Embodiment 10
With metal V, Zr and Mn by atomic percent V: Zr: Mn=5: mix at 4: 4 and mechanical ball milling 1 hour, then with magnesium hydride and above-mentioned metal mixture mixes and in argon gas atmosphere mechanical ball milling, its percentage by weight is MgH 2: VZrMn=95: 5, ratio of grinding media to material is 20: 1.And then added the carbon nano-fiber of 1wt% and ball milling 1 hour, and the nano composite material of preparation gained is carried out the hydrogen storage property test with volumetric method behind desorption, hydrogen pressure is 2Mpa.Recording hydrogen storage capability under 473K in 5 minutes is 5.0wt%, and maximum hydrogen is 5.8wt%.

Claims (4)

1. nanocomposite hydrogen storage material, it is characterized in that: hydrogen storage material is the mixture of magnesium hydride 90wt%~99wt% and nano-sized carbon 1wt%~10wt%; Wherein nano-sized carbon is CNT or carbon nano-fiber, or the mixture of the two, and wherein, CNT is the SWNT or the multiple-wall carbon nanotube of purifying or not purifying.
2. the preparation method of nanocomposite hydrogen storage material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: nano-sized carbon is blended in the magnesium hydride in required ratio, and mechanical ball milling is 30 minutes~100 hours under argon gas or hydrogen atmosphere, and carries out desorption subsequently.
3. the preparation method of nanocomposite hydrogen storage material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: with magnesium hydride ball milling 1 hour~100 hours; Add nano-sized carbon ball milling 30 minutes~10 hours and carry out desorption subsequently more then.
4. according to the preparation method of claim 2 or 3 described nanocomposite hydrogen storage materials, it is characterized in that: described magnesium hydride obtains pure magnesium ball milling under hydrogen atmosphere, and Hydrogen Vapor Pressure is 0.5~1MPa, and the ball milling time is 1h~20h.
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TWI400340B (en) * 2008-08-25 2013-07-01 Ind Tech Res Inst Nanotization of magnesium-based hydrogen storage material
CN106629594A (en) * 2016-11-15 2017-05-10 青岛大学 High-performance magnesium hydride invertible hydrogen manufacturing system and hydrogen manufacturing method
TWI628290B (en) * 2017-07-05 2018-07-01 國立成功大學 Manufacturing method for rapid synthesis magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials at room temperature

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