CN100356827C - Three-year shifting mechanizaxion cultivation method of northeast ridge culture intertilled crop water reservoir moisture retension - Google Patents
Three-year shifting mechanizaxion cultivation method of northeast ridge culture intertilled crop water reservoir moisture retension Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a mechanized farming method for the water storage soil moisture preservation three-year shifting agriculture of hill culture intertilled crops in northeast areas, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural technology. The mechanized farming method has the technical scheme that three years are used as one circulation period, and soil preparation after autumn serves as the beginning of a new planting year. In the first planting year, straw and root stubble are crushed to cover and apply to the field after autumn; in spring, seeds are sown, and agricultural chemicals are sprayed; in the middle or late of June, deep scarification is carried out to rebuild the ridges; and crops are harvested in autumn. In the second planting year, root stubble is crushed and applied to the field again after autumn, and shadow scarification is carried out to make destroyed ridges into new ridges; in spring, seeds are sown, and agricultural chemicals are sprayed to the ridges; deep scarification is carried out to rebuild the ridges in the middle or late of June; and crops are harvested in autumn. In the third planting year, stubble is preserved on the ridges after autumn; in spring, the stubble is crushed, seeds are sown, and agricultural chemicals are sprayed; deep scarification is carried out to rebuild the ridges in the middle or late of June; crops are harvested in autumn; straw and the root stubble are crushed to cover and apply to the field, and farmers return to the starting point of the circulation period. The mechanized farming method has the advantages for increasing the organic matter content of soil, cultivating fertilizer and land capability, storing natural rain, improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, combining planting and cultivation, alternating busy periods and free periods, eternally utilizing land resources and reaching the high quality and high yield of crops to realize sustainable agricultural development.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, relate to the method for cultivating of crop.
Background technology
Traditional dry land ridge culture cultivation mode has button Zhong with the Huai kind.It is earlier the root stubble on the platform of ridge to be connected native digging to be anchored in the original furrow that button is planted, and seed is broadcast on the new soil of furrow again, then ridge platform place wet soil is dug and is covered on seed, forms new ridge, and platform place, former ridge has formed furrow.The Huai kind is that the root stubble on the ridge is dug earlier, then at former ridge platform upper seeding wheel.Button kind still has use because of the loss of moisture ， Huai kind that seriously faded away.
Along with the development of agricultural mechanization, the existing method of cultivating has two kinds, and a kind of is ridging behind the flat planting: with original ridge turn over and rake, spring elder generation's flat planting, 1-3 time plays new ridge during all over intertillage; Another kind is that two ploughs or three are ploughed into the ridge, the ridge upper seeding wheel behind the stubble-cleaning.All there is operation in these the two kinds methods of cultivating often, break ground often operating cost height, the soil moisture serious problem of scattering and disappearing.The latter also exists topsoil shallow, the shortcoming that tillage pan is thick.
In recent years, the ridge culture of China the Northeast has occurred some again in succession and has newly ploughed method.The cultivated method of " three, three " wheel that deep ploughing, former ridge, shallow plowing combine has been carried out by the Heilongjiang Province in the arid and semi-arid area, promptly first the end of the year stubble chopping and returning, dark pine, ridging, second the end of the year stubble chopping and returning, Fu Yuanlong, the 3rd the end of the year stubble chopping and returning, loose furrow, broken ridge become new ridge.This method is simplified farming, reduces the loss of moisture, peasant's approval; Jilin Province has created a kind of wide-line and narrow-line alternative method for planting corn, is characterized in taking wide-narrow row planting, alternative, also field, precise sowing of dark pine, high stubble next year.The deficiency that above-mentioned " three, three " wheel method of ploughing exists is to lack to return crop stocks to the field, and is difficult to guarantee the blackland continuous utilization in northeast.Wide-line and narrow-line alternative is ploughed method and is also had weak point, and farm machinery that some are relevant with row spacing such as maize harvesting machine are difficult to adapt to its narrow row apart from requiring.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of northeast ridge culture intertillage crop three annual rings of retaining and conserveing soil moisture and plough the mechanized farming method, overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming that the existing expedient of tillage exists.
Technical scheme of the present invention be with 3 years be a cycle period, to plant year beginning for new one kind after autumn wholely;
First planting year: stalk, root stubble are pulverized mulching and returning after autumn, sow the seed in spring, spray medicine, the middle ten days and the last ten days in June (before arriving rainy season) dark loose support ridger, autumn results;
Second planting year: stubble in field after autumn, the broken ridge of shallow pine becomes new ridge, spring ridge upper seeding wheel, spray medicine, the middle ten days and the last ten days in June dark loose support ridger, autumn results;
The third plants year; Toothing is motionless on the ridge after autumn passes the winter, spring broken stubble, sowing, spray medicine, the middle ten days and the last ten days in June dark loose support ridger, autumn results, stalk, root stubble are pulverized mulching and returning during autumn harvest, turn back to the cycle period starting point.
More than be basic scheme of the present invention.
For making the present invention's standard, perfect in use, limitation of the invention further is:
In first planting year:
Autumn can be with maize harvesting machine directly with stalk crushing and returning, then with ploughing the broken stubble of whole combine ridging; After can also manually plucking fringe, with a stubble chopping and returning of stalk combine stalk and root stubble are pulverized mulching and returning simultaneously, sow with no-tillage seeding machine spring in the coming year;
At sowing sowing season in spring spraying herbicide simultaneously, narrow trench digging, important city pressures, layering deep placement fertilizer, precise sowing during sowing want that furrow is loose deeply, support ridger mid or late June, can also carry out weeding simultaneously and topdress;
In second planting year:
With ploughing the broken stubble of whole combine, becoming new ridge at platform place, former ridge with the broken ridge of dark loose ridging shovel after autumn, about dark loose degree of depth 25cm, will suppress after playing new ridge, is to be ready to kind of a bed in 1 year, and the while can apply fertilizer to the subsoil;
Carry out ridge upper seeding wheel with general sower spring, and be sowing first on new ridge this moment, and this planting year can replant as other crops such as soybean, and it is fertile that mouth is executed in sowing simultaneously, then spray herbicide;
The dark pine of new furrow the middle ten days and the last ten days in June is to the 35cm, and support ridger, weeding (can also topdress).
Plant in year at the third:
Directly sow also spray herbicide, fertilising with cultivator-planting combine or hard stubble sower;
About the dark loose 35cm of furrow the middle ten days and the last ten days in June, and support ridger, weeding, topdress.
Essence of the present invention is: preceding dark pine, precise sowing, chemical weed control are minimal tilled, lied prostrate to straw-returning (3 years once), ditch platform alternately (3 years once), seedling band.
Adopt good effect of the present invention to be:
1, carried out straw chopping and returning in 3 years one time, stalk is rotted naturally, meet 1/3rd straw-returning requirements, straw and root stubble chopping and returning, the content of organic matter of increase soil, culture fertility, guaranteed other purposes such as fuel, feed of stalk again, stubble (containing stalk) covers that can to reduce the face of land exposed, reduces soil wind erosion, reduces water and soil loss, improve soil organic matter content, make the land resources continuous utilization.
2, furrow ridge platform alternately, the breeding combination, alternative makes the water in soil, the fertile utilization of resources reasonable.
3, emphasis has adopted before rainy season or dark loose ridging of initial stage again, is convenient to soil and receives and storing natural precipitation, has set up the soil reservoir, adds the cultivated method that press in narrow trench digging, important city, helps soil conservation soil moisture content preferably
4, layering deep placement chemical fertilizer, precise sowing, the effect of conservation tillage is all being brought into play in measures such as chemical weed control.
5, the basic characteristics that kept northeast ridge culture, existing various facility, particularly cultivator, reaping machine etc. all can use, make the present invention be easy to be accepted by the peasant, reduced the popularization difficulty, many again employing integrations of operation, the seedling band is minimal tilled, number of times is few down for facility, except that results, the only following ground of annual facility about three times, three are only about eight times, reduce the compacting of facility, reduced operating cost the soil.
In a word; various technical measures are carried out integration of operation; realized uniting and minimal tilled, helped retaining and conserveing soil moisture, in three planting years; there is covering on two annual faces of land, and (straw chopping and returning covered in 1 year; surface vegetation root stubble was not moving in the 3rd year) broken stubble ridging in autumn another year (dark pine) and suppression, prevent wind erosion, enough stalks, root stubble chopping and returning are arranged in addition; no-tillage, minimal till, be a kind of novel conservation tillage method of retaining and conserveing soil moisture.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is loop cycle figure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 becomes new ridge schematic diagram for the broken ridge of the shallow pine among the present invention.
Embodiment
Then in the plot of maize planting, receive fringe after, with maize harvesting machine directly with straw chopping and returning, or with a stubble chopping and returning of stalk combine with stalk and root stubble chopping and returning simultaneously, put in order combine stubble-cleaning ridging with ploughing then.Sow with no-tillage seeding machine spring in the coming year.
Narrow trench digging during sowing (≤5cm), the important city presses (650g/cm
2), (3-5cm, 8-10cm), precise sowing is wanted spraying herbicide simultaneously in sowing to layering deep placement fertilizer.The dark pine of furrow the middle ten days and the last ten days in June (35cm), support ridger carry out weeding simultaneously and topdress.Put fringe and stalk when gathering in the crops autumn, with ploughing the broken stubble of whole combine, becomes new ridge at platform place, former ridge with the broken ridge of dark loose ridging shovel, and apply fertilizer to the subsoil, and about dark loose degree of depth 25cm, will suppress behind the new ridge, is to be ready to kind of a bed in 1 year.Spring coming year, carry out the ridge upper seeding wheel with general sower, also can broadcast other crops, mouthful fertilizer spray herbicide is then executed in sowing simultaneously.Then about the dark loose 35cm of furrow the middle ten days and the last ten days in June, and support ridger, weeding.Put fringe and stalk autumn away, toothing is motionless, and directly sow corn with cultivator-planting combine or hard stubble sower the 3rd year spring, and spray medicine, fertilising.Furrow the middle ten days and the last ten days in June pine deeply about dark loose degree of depth 35cm, and support ridger, weeding, is topdressed.During autumn harvest then, put fringe away, begin the initial period-stalk and the root stubble chopping and returning of next cycle period, the present invention promptly implements a circulation.
Claims (2)
1, northeast ridge culture intertillage crop three annual rings of retaining and conserveing soil moisture are ploughed the mechanized farming method, it is characterized in that: with 3 years be a cycle period, to plant annual the beginning for new one kind after autumn wholely;
First planting year: stalk, root stubble are pulverized mulching and returning after autumn, sow the seed in spring, spray medicine, the middle ten days and the last ten days in June dark loose support ridger, autumn results;
Second planting year: the broken ridge of the shallow pine of stubble in field becomes new ridge after autumn, spring ridge upper seeding wheel, spray medicine, the middle ten days and the last ten days in June dark loose support ridger, autumn results;
The third plants year; Toothing is motionless on the ridge after autumn passes the winter, spring broken stubble, sowing, spray medicine, the middle ten days and the last ten days in June dark loose support ridger, autumn results, stalk, root stubble are pulverized mulching and returning during autumn harvest, turn back to the cycle period starting point.
2, plough the mechanized farming method according to the northeast ridge culture intertillage crop of claim 1 three annual rings of retaining and conserveing soil moisture, it is characterized in that:
In first planting year:
Autumn can be with maize harvesting machine directly with straw chopping and returning, then with ploughing the broken stubble of whole combine ridging, after can also manually plucking fringe, with a stubble chopping and returning of straw combine stalk and root stubble are pulverized mulching and returning simultaneously, sow with no-tillage seeding machine spring in the coming year;
At sowing sowing season in spring spraying herbicide simultaneously, press in narrow trench digging, important city during sowing, layering deep placement chemical fertilizer, and precise sowing is wanted dark loose, the support ridger of furrow before arriving rainy season, can also carry out weeding simultaneously and topdress;
In second planting year:
With ploughing the broken stubble of whole combine, becoming new ridge at platform place, former ridge with the broken ridge of dark loose ridging shovel after autumn, furrow and platform position, ridge and dark loose position are changed, about dark loose degree of depth 25cm, will suppress behind the new ridge, is to be ready to kind of a bed in 1 year, and the while can apply fertilizer to the subsoil;
Carry out ridge upper seeding wheel with general sower spring, and be sowing first on new ridge this moment, and it is fertile that mouth is executed in sowing simultaneously, then spray herbicide;
The middle ten days and the last ten days in June, to the 35cm, and support ridger, weeding can also topdress the dark pine of new furrow;
Plant in year at the third:
Directly sow with a cultivator-planting combine or a hard stubble sower spring and spray medicine, fertilising;
About the dark loose 35cm of furrow the middle ten days and the last ten days in June, and support ridger, weeding, topdress.
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| CNB2004100111068A CN100356827C (en) | 2004-09-23 | 2004-09-23 | Three-year shifting mechanizaxion cultivation method of northeast ridge culture intertilled crop water reservoir moisture retension |
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Families Citing this family (14)
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| CN100336432C (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2007-09-12 | 刘建 | Planting tandem plowing type culturing method for returning full stalk to farmland suitable to zonal rice or wheat form |
| CN101983546B (en) * | 2010-09-02 | 2012-01-04 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for preventing and curing vegetable soil continuous cropping obstacle by crop straw |
| CN102726198A (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2012-10-17 | 东北农业大学 | Sub-soiling tillage at different times |
| CN103548439A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-05 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Reasonable-plough plough layer ploughing method compatible with tightness of tight seedling belt and loosened line spacing |
| CN104663063B (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2018-02-13 | 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of methods of cultivation for controlling wheatland malignant weed Triticum tauschii |
| CN104641756A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-05-27 | 山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所 | Method for increasing carbon sequestration capacity of soil of mining area |
| CN106804148B (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2019-08-02 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | Northern farming and pastoral area high quality topsoil construction method |
| CN106856963B (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2020-03-27 | 吉林大学 | Northeast ridge culture area corn and soybean mechanized rotation method |
| CN109348769A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-02-19 | 宁夏农林科学院 | A kind of method of agronomy improvement saline-alkali wetland |
| CN109691365A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-04-30 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of no-tillage moisturizing type of seeding under the full dose coverage condition based on stalk |
| CN110809930B (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2023-04-11 | 王立安 | Innovative environment-friendly technology for returning straws to field |
| CN111357542B (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2021-12-31 | 内蒙古天创药业科技股份有限公司 | Weeding and weed control method in planting production process of traditional Chinese medicine radix astragali |
| CN112075155B (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2022-02-22 | 吉林省农业机械研究院 | Method for tillage and soil preparation under condition of full coverage of corn straw on ground surface |
| CN113615524A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-11-09 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所农业技术中心 | Soybean rotation planting method |
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| CN1304638A (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2001-07-25 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Wide-line and narrow-line alternative method for planting corn |
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| CN1304638A (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2001-07-25 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Wide-line and narrow-line alternative method for planting corn |
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| 浅谈黑龙江省黒土地保土耕作法的机理及效应 刘绪军.中国水土保持，第12期 2003 * |
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