CH443565A - Use of lactic esters for the preparation of cosmetic products consisting of aqueous emulsions - Google Patents

Use of lactic esters for the preparation of cosmetic products consisting of aqueous emulsions

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Publication number
CH443565A
CH443565A CH1360062A CH1360062A CH443565A CH 443565 A CH443565 A CH 443565A CH 1360062 A CH1360062 A CH 1360062A CH 1360062 A CH1360062 A CH 1360062A CH 443565 A CH443565 A CH 443565A
Authority
CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
cosmetic products
use according
lactic
esters
lactic esters
Prior art date
Application number
CH1360062A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Paul Veverka Bernard
Original Assignee
Prod Hyg Lab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Prod Hyg Lab filed Critical Prod Hyg Lab
Publication of CH443565A publication Critical patent/CH443565A/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/14—Esters of carboxylic acids, e.g. fatty acid monoglycerides, medium-chain triglycerides, parabens or PEG fatty acid esters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K8/06—Emulsions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
    • A61K8/375—Esters of carboxylic acids the alcohol moiety containing more than one hydroxy group
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
    • A61Q5/06—Preparations for styling the hair, e.g. by temporary shaping or colouring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
    • C11C3/003—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with alcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
    • C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

Description

  

  



  Utilisation d'esters lactiques pour la préparation de produits cosmétiques constitués
 par des émulsions aqueuses
 La présente invention se rapporte à la préparation de produits cosmétiques constitués par des émulsions aqueuses, notamment des émulsions de matières grasses.



  Elle est caractérisée par le fait qu'on utilise les esters lactiques de mono-et de polyalcools et les esters lactiques mixtes (le polyalcools comme agents   émulsionnants    pour cette préparation.



   L'utilisation de ces agents   émulsionnants    permet de conférer aux émulsions une très grande finesse et une grande stabilité ; d'autre part, ces agents   émulsionnants    présentent notamment tous les avantages des alcools gras sans en avoir les inconvénients et ils permettent en particulier de préparer des émulsions à pH fortement acide douées d'une grande stabilité.



   A titre   d'exemple,    les esters lactiques précités peuvent tre constitués par les corps suivants utilisés   iso-    lément ou en tous mélanges appropriés :
 a) les esters lactiques des alcools gras tels que l'alcool laurique, myristique,   cétylique,    stéarique ou oléique, notamment le lactate de lauryle.
 b) Les esters lactiques des   monoglycérides,      notam-    ment des   monoglycérides    des huiles de palme, de coco, d'arachide, d'olive ou de ricin, hydrogénées ou non, des   monoglycérides    du suif ou du saindoux hydrogéné.
 c) Les esters lactiques des esters gras de glycérol, des glycols et des   polyxyéthylènaglycols,    notamment des stéarates, myristates, oléates,

     ricinoléates    ou analogues.



   Ci-dessous, on a décrit, à titre d'exemple, le mode de préparation de quelques-uns des   émulsionnants    men  tionnés    ci-dessus :
 Exemple I
 Lactate de lauryle    CH3-CHOH-COOCH2 (CH2) 8-CH3    160 parties d'alcool laurique sont estérifiées avec 110 parties d'acide lactique en présence de 1   % o d'acide    sulfurique à   660    Be ou   1% o    d'acide benzène   sulfonique    à une température voisine de 100  C.



   L'eau formée au cours de la réaction est entraînée par un courant de gaz neutre, par exemple gaz carbonique.



   Une fois l'estérification effectuée, on laisse refroidir vers   40O    C et on lave le produit, sous agitation, à l'eau contenant   1 ouzo    de   CO3Na2    pour neutraliser le catalyseur et l'acide lactique en excès, on casse l'émulsion par une solution de NaCl, on laisse décanter pour obtenir une huile claire, on soutire la phase aqueuse et on sèche l'ester à une température modérée par un courant de gaz carbonique sous 20 à 30 mm de mercure.



   L'ester lactique de l'alcool laurique est un liquide, incolore ou très légèrement ambré, se congelant à   6-80.   



  Son indice de saponification est de : 195-199.



      Exemple II   
 Ester lactique du   monostéarate    de glycérol   CH3-CHOH-COOCH2-CHOH-CH200C      (CHs)    16-CH3 350 parties de   monostéarate    de glycérol sont estérifiées par 110 parties d'acide lactique en présence de 0,5 à   1    %o d'acide benzène   sulfonique    sous pression réduite vers   lOOoC.   



   Lorsque l'estérification est terminée, on lave le produit à l'eau et on le sèche comme dans l'exemple   I,    puis on coule dans des moules appropriés.



   C'est un solide blanc ou légèrement ivoire. Point de fusion   53-55o    C-Indice de saponification : 267-272.



   Exemple   111   
 Ester lactique de   monoglycéride    de l'huile de ricin
A 320 parties de   monoglycéride    (obtenu par   glycérolyse    de l'huile de ricin) on ajoute 120 parties d'acide lactique et on estérifie en présence de 2   zoo    d'acide benzène sul  fonique    sous pression réduite. L'ester est lavé et séché comme dans l'exemple   I.    



   C'est un liquide visqueux de couleur brune, se congelant vers   10o    C. L'indice de saponification est de 188198.



   Exemple IV
 Ester lactique de   monomyristate    de   diéthylène-glycol    120 parties de   diéthylène-glycol    sont estérifiées par 230 parties d'acide myristique en présence de   1      %o d'acide    sulfurique à   660    Be ou d'acide benzène sulfonique.



  L'estérification terminée, on ajoute à l'ester obtenu 110 parties d'acide lactique pour estérifier sous pression réduite vers 100 C. On lave et on sèche comme dans l'exemple   I.   



   L'ester lactique du monomyristate de   diéthylène-gly-    col est un solide de couleur ivoire. Point de fusion :   28-300    C. Indice de saponification : 298-302.



   Quant aux produits cosmétiques   pouvant tre prépa-    rés à   l'aide    des agents émulsifiants indiqués ci-dessus, on a donné ci-dessous quelques exemples de ces produits et de leur composition :
 Exemple   1   
 Pommade contre la transpiration
 Stéarate de   diéthylène-glycol...      5   
 Acide stéarique....... 4
 Lactate de   cétyle......    11
   Triethanolamine.......    1
 Propylène-glycol....... 14
 Formo-tartrate d'alumine 5
 Eau........... 60
 Conservateur et parfum q. s.



   Dans cette formule l'ester lactique outre son rôle d'émulsifiant joue un rôle important quant à   l'acidifi-    cation de l'épiderme.



   Exemple 2
 Lait de beauté
 Ester lactique du   monostéarate   
 de   glycérol........    10
   Perhydrosqualène.....    8
 Propylène-glycol....... 12
   Triethanolamine.......    0,6
 Eau........... 70
 Conservateur et parfum q. s.



   Exemple 3
 Crème pour peaux sèches
 Ester lactique d'un   monoglycéride   
 d'huile de palme hydrogénée.. 10
   Monostéarate    de
   polyoxyéthylène-glycol    300... 10
 Alcool   cétylique.......    20
   Perhydrosqualène    15
 Eau........... 45
 Parfum et conservateur q. s.



   Exemple 4
 Base de crème
 Lactate de stéaryle..... 15
 Huile de coco hydrogénée.... 5
 Stéarate de   polyoxyéthylène-   
   glycol 1500........    10
 Eau........... 70
 Conservateur et parfum q. s.



   Exemple   5   
 Laque pour cheveux
 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 30.... 5
   Lactate de lauryle......    5
 Lanoline   oxyéthylènée    1
 Alcool éthylique 89
 Parfum q. s. p.



  Le lactate de lauryle a dans cette formule un rôle très important de plastifiant.




  



  Use of lactic esters for the preparation of cosmetic products consisting of
 by aqueous emulsions
 The present invention relates to the preparation of cosmetic products consisting of aqueous emulsions, in particular fat emulsions.



  It is characterized by the fact that the lactic esters of mono- and polyalcohols and the mixed lactic esters (polyalcohols as emulsifying agents for this preparation are used.



   The use of these emulsifying agents makes it possible to confer on the emulsions very great fineness and great stability; on the other hand, these emulsifying agents have in particular all the advantages of fatty alcohols without having the drawbacks thereof and they make it possible in particular to prepare emulsions at strongly acidic pH endowed with great stability.



   By way of example, the aforementioned lactic esters can consist of the following substances used alone or in any suitable mixtures:
 a) lactic esters of fatty alcohols such as lauric, myristic, cetyl, stearic or oleic alcohol, in particular lauryl lactate.
 b) Lactic esters of monoglycerides, in particular monoglycerides of palm, coconut, peanut, olive or castor oils, hydrogenated or not, monoglycerides of tallow or hydrogenated lard.
 c) Lactic esters of fatty esters of glycerol, of glycols and of polyxyethylenaglycols, in particular of stearates, myristates, oleates,

     ricinoleates or the like.



   The method of preparing some of the emulsifiers mentioned above has been described below, by way of example:
 Example I
 Lauryl lactate CH3-CHOH-COOCH2 (CH2) 8-CH3 160 parts of lauric alcohol are esterified with 110 parts of lactic acid in the presence of 1% o sulfuric acid at 660 Be or 1% o benzene acid sulfonic acid at a temperature of around 100 C.



   The water formed during the reaction is entrained by a stream of neutral gas, for example carbon dioxide.



   Once the esterification has been carried out, the mixture is left to cool to 40O C and the product is washed, with stirring, with water containing 1 ouzo of CO3Na2 to neutralize the catalyst and the excess lactic acid, the emulsion is broken up with a NaCl solution, allowed to settle to obtain a clear oil, the aqueous phase is withdrawn and the ester is dried at a moderate temperature with a stream of carbon dioxide under 20 to 30 mm of mercury.



   Lauryl alcohol lactic ester is a liquid, colorless or very slightly amber, freezing at 6-80.



  Its saponification index is: 195-199.



      Example II
 Lactic ester of glycerol monostearate CH3-CHOH-COOCH2-CHOH-CH200C (CHs) 16-CH3 350 parts of glycerol monostearate are esterified with 110 parts of lactic acid in the presence of 0.5 to 1% o of benzene acid sulphonic under reduced pressure to lOOoC.



   When the esterification is complete, the product is washed with water and dried as in Example I, then poured into suitable molds.



   It is a white or slightly ivory solid. Melting point 53-55o C-Saponification number: 267-272.



   Example 111
 Castor Oil Monoglyceride Lactic Ester
To 320 parts of monoglyceride (obtained by glycerolysis of castor oil), 120 parts of lactic acid are added and the mixture is esterified in the presence of 2 zoo of benzene sulphonic acid under reduced pressure. The ester is washed and dried as in Example I.



   It is a viscous liquid of brown color, freezing around 10o C. The saponification index is 188198.



   Example IV
 Lactic ester of diethylene glycol monomyristate 120 parts of diethylene glycol are esterified with 230 parts of myristic acid in the presence of 1% o sulfuric acid at 660 Be or benzene sulfonic acid.



  When the esterification is complete, 110 parts of lactic acid are added to the ester obtained in order to esterify under reduced pressure at around 100 C. It is washed and dried as in Example I.



   The lactic ester of diethylene glycol monomyristate is an ivory colored solid. Melting point: 28-300 C. Saponification number: 298-302.



   As regards the cosmetic products which can be prepared using the emulsifying agents indicated above, a few examples of these products and of their composition have been given below:
 Example 1
 Ointment against perspiration
 Diethylene glycol stearate ... 5
 Stearic acid ....... 4
 Cetyl lactate ...... 11
   Triethanolamine ....... 1
 Propylene glycol ....... 14
 Alumina formo-tartrate 5
 Water ........... 60
 Preservative and fragrance q. s.



   In this formula, the lactic ester, in addition to its role of emulsifier, plays an important role in the acidification of the epidermis.



   Example 2
 Beauty milk
 Monostearate lactic ester
 glycerol ........ 10
   Perhydrosqualene ..... 8
 Propylene glycol ....... 12
   Triethanolamine ....... 0.6
 Water ........... 70
 Preservative and fragrance q. s.



   Example 3
 Cream for dry skin
 Lactic acid ester of a monoglyceride
 hydrogenated palm oil .. 10
   Monostearate
   polyoxyethylene glycol 300 ... 10
 Cetyl alcohol ....... 20
   Perhydrosqualene 15
 Water ........... 45
 Fragrance and preservative q. s.



   Example 4
 Cream base
 Stearyl lactate ..... 15
 Hydrogenated coconut oil .... 5
 Polyoxyethylene- stearate
   glycol 1500 ........ 10
 Water ........... 70
 Preservative and fragrance q. s.



   Example 5
 Hair spray
 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 30 .... 5
   Lauryl lactate ...... 5
 Oxyethylenated lanolin 1
 Ethyl alcohol 89
 Perfume q. s. p.



  Lauryl lactate has a very important role as a plasticizer in this formula.

Claims (1)

REVENDICATION Utilisation des esters lactiques de mono-et des es ters lactiques mixtes d) e polyalcools comme agents émulsionnants pour la préparation de produits cosméti- ques constitués par des émulsions aqueuses. CLAIM Use of lactic esters of mono and mixed lactic esters d) e polyalcohols as emulsifying agents for the preparation of cosmetic products consisting of aqueous emulsions. SOUS-REVENDICATIONS 1. Utilisation suivant la revendication, dans laquelle les produits cosmétiques sont des crèmes. SUB-CLAIMS 1. Use according to claim, wherein the cosmetic products are creams. 2. Utilisation suivant la revendication, dans laquelle les produits cosmétiques sont des pommades. 2. Use according to claim, wherein the cosmetic products are ointments. 3. Utilisation suivant la revendication, dans laquelle les produits cosmétiques sont des onguents. 3. Use according to claim, wherein the cosmetic products are ointments. 4. Utilisation suivant la revendication, dans laquelle les esters lactiques sont ceux des alcools gras, tels que l'alcool laurique, myristique, cétylique, stéarique ou oléi- que, notamment le lactate de lauryle. 4. Use according to claim, in which the lactic esters are those of fatty alcohols, such as lauric, myristic, cetyl, stearic or oleic alcohol, in particular lauryl lactate. 5. Utilisation suivant la revendication, dans laquelle les esters lactiques sont ceux des monoglycérides, notamment des monoglycérides des huiles de palme, de coco, d'arachide, d'olive ou de ricin, hydrogénées ou non, des monoglycérides du suif ou du saindoux hydrogéné. 5. Use according to claim, in which the lactic esters are those of monoglycerides, in particular monoglycerides of palm, coconut, peanut, olive or castor oils, hydrogenated or not, monoglycerides of tallow or lard. hydrogen. 6. Utilisation suivant la revendication, dans laquelle les esters lactiques sont ceux des esters gras de glycérol, des glycols et des polyoxyéthylèneglycols notamment des stéarates, myristates, oléates, ricinoléates ou analogues. 6. Use according to claim, in which the lactic esters are those of fatty esters of glycerol, of glycols and of polyoxyethylene glycols, in particular stearates, myristates, oleates, ricinoleates or the like. Laboratoires PROD'HYG Mandataire : John Patrick Munzinger, Genève PROD'HYG Laboratories Agent: John Patrick Munzinger, Geneva
CH1360062A 1962-02-16 1962-11-20 Use of lactic esters for the preparation of cosmetic products consisting of aqueous emulsions CH443565A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR888313A FR1322336A (en) 1962-02-16 1962-02-16 Emulsifying agents

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CH443565A true CH443565A (en) 1967-09-15

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2371194A1 (en) * 1976-11-19 1978-06-16 Pharmacia Ab COMPOSITION AND BUFFER FOR THE TREATMENT OR PREVENTION OF ACNE AND SIMILAR SKIN DISORDERS
FR2371920A1 (en) * 1976-10-15 1978-06-23 Unilever Nv COMPOSITIONS ESPECIALLY USEFUL FOR THE TREATMENT OF ACNE
JPS63185912A (en) * 1987-01-28 1988-08-01 Kao Corp Cosmetic
WO1997039731A1 (en) * 1996-04-20 1997-10-30 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Use of lactic acid esters
US5869069A (en) * 1994-07-22 1999-02-09 Coletica Lipophilic hydroxylated acid, its use in cosmetics and pharmacy, and its process of preparation
WO1999037275A2 (en) * 1998-01-22 1999-07-29 Beiersdorf Ag COSMETIC OR PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS WITH A LESS STICKY FEEL, CONTAINING GLYCERIN ESTERS OF α-HYDROXY CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND SATURED FATTY ACIDS
EP0955033A1 (en) * 1998-05-06 1999-11-10 Wella Aktiengesellschaft Hair treatment composition comprising alpha-hydroxy carboxylic acid esters and polymers
US6359415B1 (en) 1998-10-30 2002-03-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Apparatus for controlling synchronous motor

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2371920A1 (en) * 1976-10-15 1978-06-23 Unilever Nv COMPOSITIONS ESPECIALLY USEFUL FOR THE TREATMENT OF ACNE
FR2371194A1 (en) * 1976-11-19 1978-06-16 Pharmacia Ab COMPOSITION AND BUFFER FOR THE TREATMENT OR PREVENTION OF ACNE AND SIMILAR SKIN DISORDERS
JPS63185912A (en) * 1987-01-28 1988-08-01 Kao Corp Cosmetic
EP0277335A2 (en) * 1987-01-28 1988-08-10 Kao Corporation Cosmetic
EP0277335A3 (en) * 1987-01-28 1988-08-24 Kao Corporation Cosmetic
JPH0745394B2 (en) 1987-01-28 1995-05-17 花王株式会社 Moisturizing skin cosmetics
US6039961A (en) * 1994-07-22 2000-03-21 Coletica Lipophilic hydroxylated acid, its use in cosmetics and pharmacy, and its process of preparation
US5869069A (en) * 1994-07-22 1999-02-09 Coletica Lipophilic hydroxylated acid, its use in cosmetics and pharmacy, and its process of preparation
WO1997039731A1 (en) * 1996-04-20 1997-10-30 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Use of lactic acid esters
WO1999037275A3 (en) * 1998-01-22 1999-10-14 Beiersdorf Ag COSMETIC OR PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS WITH A LESS STICKY FEEL, CONTAINING GLYCERIN ESTERS OF α-HYDROXY CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND SATURED FATTY ACIDS
WO1999037275A2 (en) * 1998-01-22 1999-07-29 Beiersdorf Ag COSMETIC OR PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS WITH A LESS STICKY FEEL, CONTAINING GLYCERIN ESTERS OF α-HYDROXY CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND SATURED FATTY ACIDS
EP0955033A1 (en) * 1998-05-06 1999-11-10 Wella Aktiengesellschaft Hair treatment composition comprising alpha-hydroxy carboxylic acid esters and polymers
US6359415B1 (en) 1998-10-30 2002-03-19 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Apparatus for controlling synchronous motor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1322336A (en) 1963-03-29

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