ZA200406974B - Gasoline additives. - Google Patents
Gasoline additives. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200406974B ZA200406974B ZA200406974A ZA200406974A ZA200406974B ZA 200406974 B ZA200406974 B ZA 200406974B ZA 200406974 A ZA200406974 A ZA 200406974A ZA 200406974 A ZA200406974 A ZA 200406974A ZA 200406974 B ZA200406974 B ZA 200406974B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- gasoline
- engine
- molecular weight
- hydrocarbyl
- spark ignition
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003254 gasoline additive Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- -1 hydrocarbyl amine Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 41
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 27
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=O SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006280 diesel fuel additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminopropylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCN IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002103 osmometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Cyclones (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02005922 | 2002-03-14 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ZA200406974B true ZA200406974B (en) | 2005-07-01 |
Family
ID=27798789
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ZA200406974A ZA200406974B (en) | 2002-03-14 | 2004-09-01 | Gasoline additives. |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7901470B2 (pt) |
EP (1) | EP1481041B1 (pt) |
JP (1) | JP4383893B2 (pt) |
CN (1) | CN1301315C (pt) |
AT (1) | ATE334180T1 (pt) |
BR (1) | BR0308327A (pt) |
CA (1) | CA2478968C (pt) |
DE (1) | DE60307060T2 (pt) |
DK (1) | DK1481041T3 (pt) |
ES (1) | ES2268344T3 (pt) |
NZ (1) | NZ535013A (pt) |
WO (1) | WO2003076554A1 (pt) |
ZA (1) | ZA200406974B (pt) |
Families Citing this family (33)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10256161A1 (de) | 2002-12-02 | 2004-06-09 | Basf Ag | Verwendung von Aminen und/oder Mannich-Addukten in Kraft- und Schmierstoffzusammensetzungen für direkteinspritzende Ottomotoren |
DE10316871A1 (de) * | 2003-04-11 | 2004-10-21 | Basf Ag | Kraftstoffzusammensetzung |
WO2009074608A1 (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2009-06-18 | Basf Se | Amines as intake valve clean-up boosters |
EP2516602A1 (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2012-10-31 | BP Corporation North America Inc. | Composition and method for reducing friction in internal combustion engines |
EP2576739A1 (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2013-04-10 | Basf Se | Low-molecular weight polyisobutyl-substituted amines as detergent boosters |
US20120000118A1 (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2012-01-05 | Basf Se | Low-molecular weight polyisobutyl-substituted amines as dispersant boosters |
US20120304531A1 (en) | 2011-05-30 | 2012-12-06 | Shell Oil Company | Liquid fuel compositions |
CA2789907A1 (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2013-05-11 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Fuel additive for improved performance of direct fuel injected engines |
WO2013075978A1 (de) | 2011-11-23 | 2013-05-30 | Basf Se | Amingemisch |
AU2013265575B2 (en) | 2012-05-25 | 2017-06-15 | Basf Se | Tertiary amines for reducing injector nozzle fouling in direct injection spark ignition engines |
US9458400B2 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2016-10-04 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Fuel additive for improved performance in direct fuel injected engines |
WO2014023853A2 (en) | 2012-11-06 | 2014-02-13 | Basf Se | Tertiary amines for reducing injector nozzle fouling and modifying friction in direct injection spark ignition engines |
US9388354B2 (en) | 2012-11-06 | 2016-07-12 | Basf Se | Tertiary amines for reducing injector nozzle fouling and modifying friction in direct injection spark ignition engines |
WO2014096250A1 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Liquid fuel compositions comprising organic sunscreen compounds |
EP2997087A1 (de) | 2013-05-14 | 2016-03-23 | Basf Se | Amingemisch |
WO2014184066A1 (en) | 2013-05-14 | 2014-11-20 | Basf Se | Polyalkenylsuccinimides for reducing injector nozzle fouling in direct injection spark ignition engines |
EP3083905A1 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2016-10-26 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Liquid fuel compositions |
US9862904B2 (en) | 2013-12-31 | 2018-01-09 | Shell Oil Company | Unleaded fuel compositions |
EP2949733A1 (en) | 2014-05-28 | 2015-12-02 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Gasoline compositions comprising oxanilide uv filter compounds |
MY188310A (en) | 2014-11-12 | 2021-11-27 | Shell Int Research | Use of a fuel composition |
CN107207983B (zh) | 2015-02-27 | 2022-11-18 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 润滑组合物的用途 |
US10808195B2 (en) | 2015-09-22 | 2020-10-20 | Shell Oil Company | Fuel compositions |
ES2815799T3 (es) | 2015-11-30 | 2021-03-30 | Shell Int Research | Composición de combustible |
EP3181663A1 (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2017-06-21 | Repsol, S.A. | Method for accelerating fouling of injectors in gasoline direct injection engines and for evaluating performance of deposit control additives |
BR102016015228B1 (pt) * | 2016-06-28 | 2022-02-22 | Peugeot Citroen Do Brasil Automóveis Ltda. | Método de maximização de formação de depósitos em bicos injetores de motores gdi |
EP3818134B1 (en) | 2018-07-02 | 2023-02-22 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Liquid fuel compositions |
JP2023534510A (ja) | 2020-07-20 | 2023-08-09 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ | 燃料組成物 |
CN116829684A (zh) | 2021-01-27 | 2023-09-29 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 支化烷基伯胺作为添加剂用于汽油燃料 |
US20240182804A1 (en) | 2021-04-26 | 2024-06-06 | Shell Usa, Inc. | Fuel compositions |
CN117222725A (zh) | 2021-04-26 | 2023-12-12 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 燃料组合物 |
CN118043435A (zh) | 2021-09-29 | 2024-05-14 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 燃料组合物 |
WO2024017743A1 (en) | 2022-07-20 | 2024-01-25 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Fuel compositions |
WO2024083782A1 (en) | 2022-10-21 | 2024-04-25 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Fuel compositions |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3011879A (en) * | 1958-01-20 | 1961-12-05 | Union Oil Co | Detergent automotive fuel |
US4836829A (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1989-06-06 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Fuel composition and process for multi-port fuel injection systems (PNE-509) |
WO1990002782A1 (en) | 1988-09-06 | 1990-03-22 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Nitro-groups containing amines, and fuels compositions containing same |
WO1990010051A1 (en) | 1989-02-21 | 1990-09-07 | Union Oil Company Of California | Fuel composition for control of intake valve deposits |
CA2049954C (en) | 1990-02-15 | 2003-04-01 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Fuel additive composition |
GB9007431D0 (en) | 1990-04-03 | 1990-05-30 | Shell Int Research | Diesel fuel additives |
CN1083353A (zh) * | 1993-07-20 | 1994-03-09 | 乌力吉 | 全蜗牛护肤营养水及其制备方法 |
US5405419A (en) * | 1994-05-02 | 1995-04-11 | Chevron Chemical Company | Fuel additive compositions containing an aliphatic amine, a polyolefin and a poly(oxyalkylene) monool |
TW477784B (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 2002-03-01 | Shell Int Research | Alkoxy acetic acid derivatives |
EP0869163A1 (en) * | 1997-04-03 | 1998-10-07 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method for reducing engine friction |
EP1122295A4 (en) | 1998-10-06 | 2002-02-06 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp | PETROL ADDITIVE FOR A DIRECT INJECTION PETROL ENGINE |
US6723141B1 (en) | 1999-11-04 | 2004-04-20 | Shell Oil Company | Additive concentration |
US7112230B2 (en) | 2001-09-14 | 2006-09-26 | Afton Chemical Intangibles Llc | Fuels compositions for direct injection gasoline engines |
DE10256161A1 (de) * | 2002-12-02 | 2004-06-09 | Basf Ag | Verwendung von Aminen und/oder Mannich-Addukten in Kraft- und Schmierstoffzusammensetzungen für direkteinspritzende Ottomotoren |
-
2003
- 2003-03-14 NZ NZ535013A patent/NZ535013A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-03-14 DK DK03714851T patent/DK1481041T3/da active
- 2003-03-14 AT AT03714851T patent/ATE334180T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-03-14 DE DE60307060T patent/DE60307060T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-14 CN CNB038060345A patent/CN1301315C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-14 WO PCT/EP2003/002822 patent/WO2003076554A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-03-14 CA CA2478968A patent/CA2478968C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-14 JP JP2003574761A patent/JP4383893B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-14 BR BR0308327-6A patent/BR0308327A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-03-14 US US10/507,552 patent/US7901470B2/en active Active
- 2003-03-14 ES ES03714851T patent/ES2268344T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-14 EP EP03714851A patent/EP1481041B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-09-01 ZA ZA200406974A patent/ZA200406974B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7901470B2 (en) | 2011-03-08 |
WO2003076554A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
DK1481041T3 (da) | 2006-11-27 |
CN1301315C (zh) | 2007-02-21 |
DE60307060T2 (de) | 2007-02-15 |
EP1481041A1 (en) | 2004-12-01 |
JP4383893B2 (ja) | 2009-12-16 |
JP2005520018A (ja) | 2005-07-07 |
AU2003219078A1 (en) | 2003-09-22 |
CA2478968A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
CA2478968C (en) | 2012-05-08 |
BR0308327A (pt) | 2004-12-28 |
DE60307060D1 (de) | 2006-09-07 |
ATE334180T1 (de) | 2006-08-15 |
ES2268344T3 (es) | 2007-03-16 |
US20050172545A1 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
CN1643117A (zh) | 2005-07-20 |
NZ535013A (en) | 2005-03-24 |
EP1481041B1 (en) | 2006-07-26 |
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