WO2024104262A1 - 一种调节出料级配的反击式破碎机 - Google Patents

一种调节出料级配的反击式破碎机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024104262A1
WO2024104262A1 PCT/CN2023/130950 CN2023130950W WO2024104262A1 WO 2024104262 A1 WO2024104262 A1 WO 2024104262A1 CN 2023130950 W CN2023130950 W CN 2023130950W WO 2024104262 A1 WO2024104262 A1 WO 2024104262A1
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Prior art keywords
throwing
crushing
particle size
materials
assembly
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PCT/CN2023/130950
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵大力
杨聪俐
王伟
韩飞
Original Assignee
河南黎明重工科技股份有限公司
世邦工业科技集团股份有限公司
世邦工业科技集团修武产业园有限公司
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Publication of WO2024104262A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024104262A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/02—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft
    • B02C13/06—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor
    • B02C13/09—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with horizontal rotor shaft with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor and throwing the material against an anvil or impact plate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/286—Feeding or discharge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mining crushing device, in particular to an impact crusher capable of adjusting the discharging gradation.
  • the impact crusher As a crusher that uses the impact principle to crush materials, the impact crusher has the characteristics of simple structure, high reliability, wide application range, and competitive finished product particle shape. In the field of soft rock mining, it is the best equipment for preparing high-grade coarse aggregates and is widely used in mining, chemical, construction, railway and other industries. However, with the birth and rapid development of various new crushing equipment, its application field has been restricted and compressed, and the impact crusher products are facing great competitive pressure.
  • the impact crusher adopts a working mode of gravity feeding and forced gravity discharge. Therefore, the material crushing ratio is relatively fixed, generally around 10. Materials are composed of particles of different sizes, forming corresponding feed gradations. In a single cycle crushing process after the material is fed in, the larger particle size material will be reduced in size at a fixed crushing ratio, and the smaller particle size material will be crushed into smaller particle size material.
  • the gradation of the finished material produced after crushing is still basically fixed relative to the feed gradation. In other words, the gradation of the finished material remains almost unchanged from the feed gradation. This is why the material gradation curve of the traditional impact crusher changes little.
  • the independently applied invention patent ‘Impact Crusher’ (application number: 202123014141.3) proposes a throwing assembly that can effectively prevent the accumulation of materials at the end of the slide, reduce the load of the hammer, increase the collision space of the material, and make the movement direction of the material more reasonable, thereby improving the crushing efficiency and extending the service life of the hammer.
  • the throwing assembly is limited by its structure and function, and cannot adjust the crushing ratio and the discharge gradation, and does not solve the problems mentioned above.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the invention is: how to adjust the discharge gradation of the impact crusher, increase the yield and reduce the powder content, improve the utilization rate of raw materials, and thus improve the impact crushing performance. Therefore, a method is provided to adjust the crushing ratio of materials of different particle sizes, thereby achieving the adjustment of the discharge gradation of the impact crusher.
  • An impact crusher with adjustable discharging gradation comprises a frame, a rotor is arranged in the frame, a plate hammer assembly is arranged on the rotor, and a plurality of impact frame assemblies are arranged on the top of the frame from top to bottom.
  • the working area where the plate hammer assembly and the impact frame assembly cooperate in crushing is a crushing arc area. After passing through the crushing arc area, the finished material is discharged from a discharge port below.
  • An inlet is arranged above the frame, and the inlet includes at least a large particle size interval and a small particle size interval. Large particle materials enter the crushing chamber from the large particle interval, and small particle materials enter the crushing chamber from the small particle interval, so that the large particle materials obtain a larger crushing ratio, and the small particle materials obtain a smaller crushing ratio.
  • the large particle size range is located close to the feed inlet, and the small particle size range is located far away from the feed inlet.
  • Materials of different particle sizes are delivered to different positions in the crushing chamber through a conveying device; the conveying device includes a throwing device and/or a conveying channel.
  • the throwing device throws materials of different particle size ranges from the feed port at different throwing angles, falls from the top of the rotor, and lands at different positions in the crushing area, thereby obtaining different crushing ratios.
  • the conveying channel directly delivers materials in different particle size ranges to different positions of the crushing area, thereby obtaining different crushing ratios.
  • a conveying device is arranged at the material inlet, and the conveying device includes a slide and a throwing assembly located on the slide; the throwing assembly includes a transition section and a starting throwing section, the height of the starting throwing section is higher than that of the transition section, and the surface of the throwing assembly in contact with the material is arc-shaped; a first throwing assembly is arranged on the slide corresponding to the large-particle material, and a second throwing assembly is arranged on the slide corresponding to the small-particle material, wherein the center angle of the crushing arc zone corresponding to the first throwing assembly is a, and the center angle of the crushing arc zone corresponding to the second throwing assembly is b, and a>b, and the values of a and b are determined by the angle, arc length and position of the throwing assembly.
  • a dividing grate plate is arranged above the second throwing assembly, and a feeding belt conveyor is arranged above the dividing grate plate; grate holes are arranged on the dividing grate plate, and the aperture of the grate holes is larger than that of small-particle materials and smaller than that of large-particle materials.
  • a discharging belt conveyor is arranged below the discharge port of the impact crusher, and a returning belt conveyor is arranged on the other side of the feeding belt conveyor. The discharging end of the discharging belt conveyor is connected to the feeding port of the returning belt conveyor.
  • the conveying device includes a slide, and at least three throwing assemblies are arranged on the slide, wherein the starting throwing sections of the throwing assemblies on both sides are at the same height, and the starting throwing section of the middle throwing assembly is higher than the throwing assemblies on both sides; a screening feed hopper is connected to the outer side of the slide, and a vibrating feeder is fixedly connected to the front end of the screening feed hopper; a plurality of dividing plates are arranged at the front end of the screening feed hopper, and gaps are arranged between each dividing plate, and the gap distance between adjacent dividing plates is larger than the diameter of small-particle materials, but smaller than the diameter of large-particle materials; a guide plate is arranged at the end of the dividing plate, and the guide plate is arranged in an inverted V shape, and the height of the guide plate is higher than the dividing plate; two collecting plates are symmetrically arranged on the bottom plate of the screening feed hopper on both sides of the guide plate, and the collecting plates are in a Y-shaped structure.
  • the material to be crushed is creatively divided into at least two levels, and corresponding throwing components are provided to throw the materials to different positions on the crushing arc area in the crushing chamber, thereby changing the crushing ratio of the corresponding material, and achieving the crushing form of at least two crushing ratio materials produced by the same crusher, so that the gradation of the finished material can be concentrated in a certain particle size range, and the adjustment of the discharge gradation of the impact crusher is achieved, thereby improving the finished product utilization rate of the material.
  • the crushing ratio of small materials by adjusting the crushing ratio of small materials, the excessive crushing of small materials is reduced, the generation of excessive fine powder is avoided, the gradation and particle shape of the finished material are improved, the crushing efficiency is improved, and ultimately the finished product utilization rate of the raw materials is improved.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an impact crusher for adjusting the discharging gradation of the present invention
  • FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of an impact crusher provided with a material dividing grate plate to classify materials according to the present invention
  • FIG3 is a structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG4 is a structural diagram of embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • An impact crusher with adjustable discharge gradation first grades materials of different particle sizes in the raw materials into at least two levels. Materials of different particle size ranges enter different positions in the crushing chamber respectively. Materials with larger particle sizes are sent to a position close to the feed port, and materials with smaller particle sizes are sent to a position far from the feed port. The materials fall at different positions on the crushing arc area 6 on the rotor. As the rotor 2 rotates, materials with larger particle sizes obtain a larger crushing ratio, and materials with smaller particle sizes obtain a smaller crushing ratio, so that the particle sizes of the final products are closer and the gradation is more reasonable.
  • materials of different particle sizes are delivered to different positions in the crushing chamber through a conveying device;
  • the conveying device includes a throwing device and/or a conveying channel.
  • the throwing device throws materials of different particle size ranges from the feed port at different throwing angles, falls from the top of the rotor, and lands at different positions in the crushing area, thereby obtaining different crushing ratios.
  • the conveying channel directly delivers materials in different particle size ranges to different positions of the crushing area, thereby obtaining different crushing ratios.
  • the above-mentioned throwing device and conveying channel can be used separately or in combination.
  • only a throwing device is set up, and throwing components with different angles are provided in the throwing device, and the throwing mechanisms with different angles throw out materials in different particle size ranges; or, only a conveying channel is set up, and there are multiple conveying channels, and each conveying channel directly delivers materials in different particle size ranges to a predetermined position in the crushing zone; or, a throwing device and a conveying channel are set up together, and the throwing device delivers materials in a certain particle size range to one position in the crushing zone, and the conveying channel delivers materials in another particle size range to another position in the crushing zone.
  • the material is classified into different particle size ranges by a screening machine.
  • an impact crusher with adjustable discharge gradation includes a frame 1, a rotor 2 is arranged in the frame 1, a plate hammer assembly 3 is arranged on the rotor, and a plurality of impact frame assemblies 4 are arranged on the top of the frame 1 from top to bottom.
  • the working area for crushing by the plate hammer assembly 3 and the impact frame assembly 4 is a crushing arc area 6. After passing through the crushing arc area 6, the finished material 10 is discharged from the discharge port 9 below. Finally, the finished material 10 goes to the next process through the discharge port 11.
  • a feed inlet 5 is arranged above the frame 1, and the feed inlet 5 includes at least a large particle size interval 7 and a small particle size interval 8. Large particle size materials enter the crushing chamber from the large particle size interval 7, and small particle size materials enter the crushing chamber from the small particle size interval 8, so that the large particle size materials obtain a larger crushing ratio, and the small particle size materials obtain a smaller crushing ratio.
  • the working principle of the present invention is: the raw materials to be crushed are divided into at least two levels, and crushed in the same impact crusher to produce at least two materials with different crushing ratios.
  • the material with large particle size has a large volume, is thrown closer by the throwing component, passes through the crushing chamber for a long time, is crushed more times, and has a high crushing ratio.
  • the material with small particle size has a small volume, is thrown farther by the throwing component, is closer to the discharge port, is crushed less times, and has a low crushing ratio.
  • raw materials with large differences in particle size can produce finished materials of similar particle sizes, so that the discharge gradation of the impact crusher is more reasonable and the finished product discharge rate of the raw materials is improved.
  • a conveying device is provided at the feed inlet 5, and materials of different particle sizes are conveyed to different positions in the crushing chamber through the conveying device;
  • the conveying device includes a throwing device and/or a conveying channel, and the conveying channel is a track for the material to pass through, and the track extends to above the landing point.
  • the throwing device is described below in different embodiments.
  • FIG1 it is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conveying device as a throwing device.
  • the conveying device includes a slide 12 and a throwing assembly located on the slide 12.
  • the number of slides 12 is determined according to the material particle size classification. Each particle size corresponds to a slide. When the particles are divided into large and small particle sizes, two slides 12 are set.
  • the slide 12 is fixed on the frame 1 and is used to feed the material to the hammer assembly 3.
  • a throwing assembly is provided on the slide 12, and the throwing assembly includes a transition section and a starting throwing section.
  • the height of the starting throwing section is higher than that of the transition section, wherein the transition section is used to connect with the slide 12, and the starting throwing section is used to throw the material into the crushing arc zone 6 in a parabolic motion trajectory.
  • the surface of the throwing assembly in contact with the material is in an arc shape, that is, the upper surface of the transition section and the starting throwing section has a smooth transition and is in an arc shape.
  • the position of the throwing assembly relative to the crushing zone is different, and the curvature of the arc is different, so that materials in different particle size ranges are thrown into different positions in the crushing chamber respectively, and larger materials are thrown at a position close to the feed port, and smaller materials are thrown at a position far from the feed port. Since the landing position of the material in the crushing arc zone on the rotor is different, different crushing ratios are obtained, so that the particle size of the final product is closer and the grading is more reasonable.
  • a first throwing assembly 131 is set on the slide corresponding to the large-particle material
  • a second throwing assembly 132 is set on the slide corresponding to the small-particle material, wherein the center angle of the crushing arc zone corresponding to the first throwing assembly 131 is a, and the center angle of the crushing arc zone corresponding to the second throwing assembly 132 is b, and a>b, and the values of a and b are determined by the angle, arc length and position of the throwing assembly. Therefore, the passage time of small materials in the crushing chamber is shorter than the passage time of large materials in the crushing chamber, the number of crushing times of small materials is shorter than the number of crushing times of large materials, and the crushing ratio of small materials is shorter than that of large materials. Finally, the corresponding throwing assembly can be set according to the difference in particle size between large and small materials, so that the particle size of the finished material is concentrated in a certain particle size range.
  • the feed particle size is between 200mm and 30mm, it can be divided into 200-100mm and 100-30mm grades.
  • the material of 200-100mm can be thrown at a position closer to the feed inlet, thereby obtaining a larger crushing ratio.
  • the material of 100-30mm can be thrown at a position farther from the feed inlet, thereby obtaining a smaller crushing ratio, so that the particle size of the final product is close to the same.
  • a material dividing grate plate 14 is arranged above the second throwing assembly 132, and the specification of the material dividing grate plate 14 is selected according to the particle size of the material to be crushed and the required gradation, the upper end of the material dividing grate plate 14 is hingedly connected to the frame 1, and the lower end is freely arranged, and a feeding belt conveyor 15 is arranged above the material dividing grate plate 14.
  • the material dividing grate plate 14 is provided with grate holes, and the aperture of the grate holes is larger than that of the small-sized material and smaller than that of the large-sized material.
  • the feeding belt conveyor 15 conveys the raw materials to be crushed to the top of the dividing grate plate.
  • the materials in the small particle size range pass through the grate holes on the dividing grate plate 14 and enter the second throwing assembly 132, and flow downward along the second throwing assembly 132.
  • the materials Under the throwing action of the second throwing assembly 132, the materials enter the crushing arc area in the crushing chamber.
  • Small materials have small resistance and fast speed. They are thrown by the second throwing assembly 132 for a long distance, and the landing point is far away from the feed inlet, which reduces the number of crushing times of small materials and the crushing ratio of small materials.
  • the materials in the large particle size range are large in size and cannot pass through the dividing grate plate.
  • the materials Under the action of gravity, they roll obliquely downward along the dividing grate plate 14 and finally enter the first throwing assembly 131. Under the throwing action of the first throwing assembly 131, the materials enter the crushing arc area in the crushing chamber. Large materials have large resistance and slow speed. They are thrown by the first throwing assembly 131 for a short distance, and the landing point is close to the feed inlet. They pass through the crushing chamber for a long time, are crushed many times, and have a large crushing ratio. Finally, the materials in the small particle size range and the materials in the large particle size range are crushed separately at different crushing ratios to obtain finished materials with a particle size in a certain range, and flow out through the discharge port.
  • this embodiment is provided with a slide 12, and at least three throwing components 13 are provided on the slide 12, wherein the starting throwing sections of the throwing components on both sides are at the same height, and the starting throwing section of the middle throwing component is higher than the throwing components on both sides.
  • a screening feed hopper 16 is connected to the outside of the slide 12, and a vibrating feeder 20 is fixedly connected to the front end of the screening feed hopper 16.
  • a plurality of dividing plates 18 are provided at the front end of the screening feed hopper 16, and gaps are provided between each dividing plate 18, and the gap distance between adjacent dividing plates 18 is greater than the diameter of the small-particle material, but less than the diameter of the large-particle material.
  • a guide plate 19 is provided at the end of the dividing plate 18, and the guide plate 19 is set to an inverted V shape, and the height of the guide plate 19 is higher than the dividing plate 18. Moreover, two collecting plates 17 are symmetrically provided on the bottom plate of the screening feed hopper 16 on both sides of the guide plate 19, and the collecting plates 17 are in a Y-shaped structure. It should be noted that the end of the screening feed hopper 16 is directly connected to the slide 12.
  • a support leg is provided at the lower portion of the screening feed hopper 16, and the support leg is connected to the screening feed hopper 16 via a spring 23, thereby buffering the vibration of the screening feed hopper.
  • the vibrating feeder 20 drives the screening feed hopper 16 to vibrate synchronously.
  • the vibrating feeder 20 feeds the material to be crushed into the screening feed hopper 16.
  • the material in the small particle size range enters the bottom plate of the screening feed hopper 16 through the gap between the dividing plates 18, and flows downward under the action of gravity until the material flows along the channel between the two collecting plates 17 to the throwing assembly in the middle of the impact crusher.
  • the throwing assembly corresponding to the materials in the small particle size range is at a higher position, the materials in the small particle size range are thrown to a deeper position, which reduces the crushing ratio of the materials in the small particle size range.
  • the throwing plate corresponding to the materials in the large particle size range is at a lower position, and the material falls closer to the feed inlet, takes a longer time to pass through the crushing chamber, and has a higher crushing ratio.
  • the basic structure of this embodiment refers to that of Embodiment 2, except that a discharge belt conveyor 21 is arranged below the discharge port 11 of the impact crusher, and a return belt conveyor 22 is arranged on the other side of the feed belt conveyor 15, and the discharge end of the discharge belt conveyor 21 is connected to the feed port of the return belt conveyor 22.
  • the material to be crushed enters the first throwing component 131 through the feeding belt conveyor 15, and enters the crushing chamber through the throwing action of the first throwing component 131 to complete the crushing.
  • the material crushed by the crusher is discharged from the discharge port, and the material is screened by an external screening device.
  • the material with a particle size larger than the required use is crushed again, because the particle size of the material is close to the required particle size of the finished product, so only a small crushing ratio is needed to complete the crushing.
  • the return belt conveyor 22 only needs to transport the part of the material that does not meet the demand to the second throwing component 132 for crushing.

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  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Abstract

一种调节出料级配的反击式破碎机，机架（1）内设有转子（2），转子（2）上设有板锤组件（3），还有若干个反击架组件（4），板锤组件（3）与反击架组件（4）配合破碎的工作区为破碎圆弧区（6）；成品物料（10）从下方排料口（9）排出，机架（1）上方设置有入料口（5），入料口（5）至少包括大粒度区间（7）和小粒度区间（8），大粒度物料从大粒度区间（7）进入破碎腔，小粒度物料从小粒度区间（8）进入破碎腔，使得大粒度物料获得较大的破碎比，小粒度物料获得较小的破碎比。

Description

一种调节出料级配的反击式破碎机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种矿山破碎设备，尤其涉及一种调节出料级配的反击式破碎机。
 背景技术
反击式破碎机作为利用冲击原理破碎物料的破碎机，具有结构简单，可靠性高，适用范围广，成品粒形具有竞争优势等特点，在软岩矿山领域，是制备高等级粗骨料的最佳设备，广泛地应用在矿山、化工、建筑、铁路等行业。但随着各种新型破碎设备的诞生和快速发展，限制和压缩了其应用领域，反击式破碎机产品面临着较大的竞争压力。
 反击式破碎机依据结构原理，采用的是重力入料、强制加重力下排出料的工作模式，因此其物料的破碎比相对固定，一般在10个破碎比左右。物料都是由不同大小的粒度组成，形成了相应的入料级配。在投入物料后的一个单次循环破碎过程中，粒度较大的物料在固定的破碎比下粒度减小，粒度较小的物料则会破碎成粒度更小的物料，破碎后产生的成品物料级配相对于入料级配仍是基本固定的，换句话说，成品物料级配与入料级配几乎保持不变，这就是传统反击式破碎机物料级配曲线变化较小的原因。
 对于成品中某一粒度区间范围的物料，其占比也是相对固定的。例如，粒度在40~80mm区间的物料在水泥厂、煤炭、钢铁等领域需求较大，而目前的反击式破碎机的破碎粒度曲线相对固定，占比一般为25-28%，其产量无法满足使用需求。
 同时，在破碎比一定的情况下，粒度较小的物料在破碎过程中会出现过度破碎情况，还会产生大量小于0.075mm的无用微粉，降低了原料的利用率，造成了资源的浪费。
 自主申请的发明专利‘反击式破碎机’（申请号：202123014141.3）提出了一种抛料组件，能够有效地防止物料在溜板末端的堆积，降低了板锤负载，增大了物料的碰撞空间，物料的运动方向也更加合理，提高了破碎效率，延长了板锤的使用寿命。但是所述抛料组件受结构和功能限制，无法对破碎比和出料级配进行调节，没有解决前文所述的问题。
 发明内容
 发明要解决的技术问题是：如何调节反击式破碎机的出料级配，增加成品率并降低含粉量，提高原料的利用率，从而改善反击破性能，因此提供一种通过调节不同粒度物料的破碎比，从而实现反击式破碎机对出料级配的调节。
 本发明的技术方案具体为：
一种调节出料级配的反击式破碎机，包括机架，机架内设置有转子，转子上设置有板锤组件，机架顶部从上至下设置有若干个反击架组件，板锤组件与反击架组件配合破碎的工作区为破碎圆弧区，经过破碎圆弧区，成品物料从下方排料口排出，所述机架上方设置有入料口，入料口至少包括大粒度区间和小粒度区间，大粒度物料从大粒度区间进入破碎腔，小粒度物料从小粒度区间进入破碎腔，使得大粒度物料获得较大的破碎比，小粒度物料获得较小的破碎比。
 大粒度区间位于靠近入料口的位置，小粒度区间位于远离入料口的位置。
 不同粒度的物料通过输送装置被送至破碎腔内的不同位置；输送装置包括抛料装置和/或输送通道。
 抛料装置使不同粒度区间的物料从入料口分别以不同的抛料角度抛出，从转子上方的方向下落，落于破碎区的不同位置，从而获得不同的破碎比。
 输送通道直接将不同粒度区间的物料送入破碎区的不同位置，从而获得不同的破碎比。
 在入料口处设置输送装置，输送装置包括溜板和位于溜板上的抛料组件；抛料组件包括过渡段和起抛段，起抛段的高度高于过渡段的高度，且抛料组件与物料接触的表面为圆弧形；对应大粒度物料的溜板上设置第一抛料组件，对应小粒度物料的溜板上设置第二抛料组件，其中，第一抛料组对应的破碎圆弧区的圆心角为a，第二抛料组件对应的破碎圆弧区的圆心角为b，且a＞b，a和b的数值由抛料组件的角度、弧长和位置决定。
 第二抛料组件上方设置有分料蓖板，分料蓖板上方设置有进料皮带机；分料蓖板上设置有蓖孔，蓖孔的孔径大于小粒度物料，且小于大粒度物料。
 在反击式破碎机的排料口下方再设置一台出料皮带机，在进料皮带机的另一侧设置有返料皮带机，出料皮带机的出料端连接返料皮带机的进料口。
 输送装置包括一个溜板，一个溜板上设置有至少三个抛料组件，其中两侧抛料组件中的起抛段位置等高，中间抛料组件的起抛段位置高于两侧的抛料组件位置，溜板外侧连接设置有筛分进料斗，筛分进料斗前端固定连接设置有振动给料机；在筛分进料斗内部的前端设置有若干个分料板，各个分料板之间设置有间隙，相邻分料板的间隙距离大于小粒度物料的直径，而小于大粒度物料的直径；分料板末端设置有导料板，导料板设置为倒V型，导料板的高度高于分料板；在导料板两侧的筛分进料斗底板上对称地设置有两个集料板，集料板成Y型结构。
 本发明的有益效果为：创造性地将待破碎物料至少分为两级，并设置相应的抛料组件，将物料分别抛向破碎腔内的破碎圆弧区上不同的位置，从而改变了相应物料的破碎比，实现了同一破碎机产生至少两种破碎比物料的破碎形式，使成品物料的级配可以集中在某一粒度区间，实现了反击式破碎机出料级配的调节，提高了物料的成品使用率。同时，通过调节小物料的破碎比，减小了小物料的过度破碎，避免产生过多的微粉，改善了成品物料的级配和粒形，提高了破碎效率，并最终提高了原料的成品使用率。
 附图说明
 图1为本发明调节出料级配的反击式破碎机结构原理图；
图2为本发明设置分料蓖板对物料进行分级的反击式破碎机结构原理图；
图3为本发明实施例3的结构图；
图4为本发明实施例4的结构图。
 实施方式
 下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
 在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
 一种调节出料级配的反击式破碎机，首先将原料中不同粒度大小的物料进行分级，至少分为两级，不同粒度区间的物料分别进入破碎腔内的不同位置，粒度较大的物料被送至靠近入料口的位置，粒度较小的物料被送至离入料口较远的位置，物料在转子上的破碎圆弧区6的落点位置不同，随转子2转动，从而使得粒度较大的物料获得较大的破碎比，粒度较小的物料获得较小的破碎比，使得最终成品的粒度较为接近，级配更合理。
 进一步地，不同粒度的物料通过输送装置被送至破碎腔内的不同位置；输送装置包括抛料装置和/或输送通道。
 其中，抛料装置使不同粒度区间的物料从入料口分别以不同的抛料角度抛出，从转子上方的方向下落，落于破碎区的不同位置，从而获得不同的破碎比。
 输送通道，直接将不同粒度区间的物料送入破碎区的不同位置，从而获得不同的破碎比。
 上述的抛料装置和输送通道可以单独使用，也可以结合在一起使用。比如：仅设置抛料装置，抛料装置中设有不同角度的抛料组件，不同角度的抛料机构将不同粒度区间的物料抛出；或者，仅设置输送通道，输送通道设有多个，每个输送通道直接将不同粒度区间的物料送入破碎区的预定位置；或者，共同设置抛料装置和输送通道，抛料装置将某个粒度区间的物料送入破碎区的一个位置，输送通道将另一个粒度区间的物料送入破碎区的另一个位置。
 进一步地，由筛分机将物料按照不同粒度区间进行分级。
 如图1所示，一种调节出料级配的反击式破碎机，包括机架1，机架1内设置有转子2，转子上设置有板锤组件3，机架1顶部从上至下设置有若干个反击架组件4，板锤组件3与反击架组件4配合破碎的工作区为破碎圆弧区6，经过破碎圆弧区6，成品物料10从下方排料口9排出，最后，成品物料10经出料口11到下一工序。
 所述机架1上方设置有入料口5，入料口5至少包括大粒度区间7和小粒度区间8，大粒度物料从大粒度区间7进入破碎腔，小粒度物料从小粒度区间8进入破碎腔，使得大粒度物料获得较大的破碎比，小粒度物料获得较小的破碎比。
  本发明的工作原理是：将待破碎的原料至少分为两级，且在同一反击式破碎机内破碎，使其产生至少两种不同破碎比的物料。粒度大的物料体积大，被抛料组件抛的近，在破碎腔内通过的时间长，破碎次数多，破碎比高。粒度小的物料体积小，被抛料组件抛的远，更靠近出料口的位置，破碎次数少，破碎比低。因此在本发明的作用下，通过使不同粒度的物料通过不同的抛料组件，调节设置不同的破碎比，使粒度相差较大的原料产生相近粒度的成品物料，使反击式破碎机的出料级配更加合理，提高原料的成品出料率。
 在入料口5处设置输送装置，不同粒度的物料通过输送装置被送至破碎腔内的不同位置；输送装置包括抛料装置和/或输送通道，输送通道即为一个使物料通过的轨道即可，轨道一直延伸至落点位置的上方即可。抛料装置下面分不同的实施例加以描述。
 实施例1
如图1所示，为输送装置为抛料装置的结构示意图。输送装置包括溜板12和位于溜板12上的抛料组件。其中，溜板12的个数根据物料粒度分级情况而定，每一个粒度对应一个溜板，当分为大粒度和小粒度时，设置两个溜板12，溜板12固定在机架1上，溜板12用于向板锤组件3送料。
 溜板12上设置抛料组件，抛料组件包括过渡段和起抛段，起抛段的高度高于过渡段的高度，其中过渡段用于与溜板12进行连接，起抛段用于将物料以抛物线的运动轨迹抛入破碎圆弧区6。且抛料组件与物料接触的表面为圆弧形，即过渡段和起抛段上表面平滑过渡且为圆弧形，这样，抛料组件相对于破碎区的位置不同，圆弧形的弧度不同，使得不同粒度区间的物料分别抛入破碎腔内的不同位置，较大的物料被抛掷在靠近入料口的位置，较小的物料被抛掷在离入料口较远的位置，由于物料在转子上的破碎圆弧区的落点位置不同，从而获得了不同的破碎比，使得最终成品的粒度较为接近，级配更合理。
 因此，对应大粒度物料的溜板上设置第一抛料组件131，对应小粒度物料的溜板上设置第二抛料组件132，其中，第一抛料组131对应的破碎圆弧区的圆心角为a，第二抛料组件132对应的破碎圆弧区的圆心角为b，且a＞b，a和b的数值由抛料组件的角度、弧长和位置决定。因此，小物料在破碎腔内的通过时间小于大物料在破碎腔内的通过时间，小物料的破碎次数小于大物料的破碎次数，小物料的破碎比小于大物料的破碎比。最终可以根据大、小物料的粒度差别进行设置相应的抛料组件，使成品物料的粒度集中在某一粒度区间。
 例如，入料粒度在200mm~30mm之间，可以分成200~100mm一个级配，100~30mm一个级配，通过调整抛料组件13的参数，将200~100mm的物料抛掷在离入料口较近的位置，从而获得较大的破碎比。100~30mm的物料抛掷在离入料口较远的位置，从而获得较小的破碎比，使得最终成品粒度接近一致。
 实施例2
如图2所示，本发明的另一种实施例，第二抛料组件132上方设置有分料蓖板14，分料蓖板14的规格根据待破碎物料粒度及所需级配进行选择，分料蓖板14上端与机架1铰接连接，下端自由设置，分料蓖板14上方设置有进料皮带机15。分料蓖板14上设置有蓖孔，蓖孔的孔径大于小粒度物料，且小于大粒度物料。
 具体实施时，进料皮带机15将待破碎原料输送到分料蓖板上方，在重力的作用下，小粒度区间的物料通过分料蓖板14上的蓖孔进入到第二抛料组件132上，并沿第二抛料组件132向下流动，在第二抛料组件132的抛掷作用下，进入到破碎腔内的破碎圆弧区，小物料阻力小，速度快，被第二抛料组件132抛掷的距离远，落点位置远离入料口，减少了小物料的破碎次数，降低了小物料的破碎比。大粒度区间的物料尺寸较大，不能通过分料蓖板，在重力的作用下沿分料蓖板14斜向下滚动，最终进入到第一抛料组件131上，并在第一抛料组件131的抛掷作用下，进入到破碎腔内的破碎圆弧区，大物料阻力大，速度慢，被第一抛料组件131抛掷的距离近，落点位置靠近入料口，通过破碎腔的时间长，破碎次数多，破碎比大。最终通过将小粒度区间的物料和大粒度区间的物料以不同的破碎比分别破碎，得到某一区间粒度的成品物料，并通过出料口流出。
 其余技术特征与实施例1相同。
 实施例3
如图3所示，本实施例设置一个溜板12，一个溜板12上设置有至少三个抛料组件13，其中两侧抛料组件中的起抛段位置等高，中间抛料组件的起抛段位置高于两侧的抛料组件位置，溜板12外侧连接设置有筛分进料斗16，筛分进料斗16前端固定连接设置有振动给料机20。在筛分进料斗16内部的前端设置有若干个分料板18，各个分料板18之间设置有间隙，相邻分料板18的间隙距离大于小粒度物料的直径，而小于大粒度物料的直径。分料板18末端设置有导料板19，导料板19设置为倒V型，导料板19的高度高于分料板18。而且，在导料板19两侧的筛分进料斗16底板上对称地设置有两个集料板17，集料板17成Y型结构。需要说明的是，筛分进料斗16末端直接链接溜板12。
 进一步地，筛分进料斗16的下部设置支腿，支腿通过弹簧23连接筛分进料斗16，这样缓冲筛分进料斗的振动。
 具体实施时，振动给料机20带动筛分进料斗16进行同步振动，振动给料机20将待破碎物料送入到筛分进料斗16内，小粒度区间的物料通过分料板18之间的间隙进入到筛分进料斗16的底板上，并在重力的作用下向下流动，直至物料沿两个集料板17之间的通道流向反击式破碎机中间的抛料组件上。
 大粒度区间的物料的不能通过分料板18，在导料板19的作用下，将大粒度物料分向两侧，经两侧的集料板17后，分别流向反击式破碎机两侧的抛料组件上。大、小粒度区间的物料分别在相应的抛料组件的作用下抛向破碎腔内，并破碎。
 由于小粒度区间的物料对应的抛料组件位置更高，因此小粒度区间的物料抛向更深处的位置，减小了小粒度区间的物料的破碎比，大粒度区间的物料对应的抛料板的位置更低，物料的落点更靠近入料口，通过破碎腔的时间长，破碎比高。通过调节抛料组件位置及高度等参数，可以实现调节反击式破碎机出料级配的方法。
 其余技术特征与实施例1相同。
 实施例4
如图4所示，本实施例基本结构参照实施例2，不同的是在反击式破碎机的出料口11下方再设置一台出料皮带机21，在进料皮带机15的另一侧设置有返料皮带机22，出料皮带机21的出料端连接返料皮带机22的进料口。
 具体实施时，待破碎物料通过进料皮带机15进入到第一抛料组件131，并通过第一抛料组件131的抛掷作用进入到破碎腔内完成破碎。经过破碎机破碎后的物料从出料口排出，并经过外接的筛分装置对物料进行筛分，对粒度大于使用需求的物料进行重新破碎，因为该物料粒度接近成品粒度需求，因此只需要小的破碎比就可完成破碎。返料皮带机22只需将未达到需求的这部分物料输送至第二抛料组件132上破碎。
 其余技术特征与实施例2相同。
 以上所述的仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明整体构思前提下，还可以作出若干改变和改进，这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种调节出料级配的反击式破碎机，包括机架（1），机架（1）内设置有转子（2），转子上设置有板锤组件（3），机架（1）顶部从上至下设置有若干个反击架组件（4），板锤组件（3）与反击架组件（4）配合破碎的工作区为破碎圆弧区（6），经过破碎圆弧区（6），成品物料（10）从下方排料口（9）排出，其特征在于：所述机架（1）上方设置有入料口（5），入料口（5）至少包括大粒度区间（7）和小粒度区间（8），大粒度物料从大粒度区间（7）进入破碎腔，小粒度物料从小粒度区间（8）进入破碎腔，使得大粒度物料获得较大的破碎比，小粒度物料获得较小的破碎比。
  2.  根据权利要求1所述的调节出料级配的反击式破碎机，其特征在于：大粒度区间（7）位于靠近入料口的位置，小粒度区间（8）位于远离入料口的位置。
  3.  根据权利要求2所述的调节出料级配的反击式破碎机，其特征在于：不同粒度的物料通过输送装置被送至破碎腔内的不同位置；输送装置包括抛料装置和/或输送通道。
  4.  根据权利要求3所述的调节出料级配的反击式破碎机，其特征在于：抛料装置使不同粒度区间的物料从入料口分别以不同的抛料角度抛出，从转子上方的方向下落，落于破碎区的不同位置，从而获得不同的破碎比。
  5.  根据权利要求3所述的调节出料级配的反击式破碎机，其特征在于：输送通道直接将不同粒度区间的物料送入破碎区的不同位置，从而获得不同的破碎比。
  6.  根据权利要求4所述的调节出料级配的反击式破碎机，其特征在于：在入料口（5）处设置输送装置，输送装置包括溜板（12）和位于溜板（12）上的抛料组件；抛料组件包括过渡段和起抛段，起抛段的高度高于过渡段的高度，且抛料组件与物料接触的表面为圆弧形；对应大粒度物料的溜板上设置第一抛料组件（131），对应小粒度物料的溜板上设置第二抛料组件（132），其中，第一抛料组（131）对应的破碎圆弧区的圆心角为a，第二抛料组件（132）对应的破碎圆弧区的圆心角为b，且a＞b，a和b的数值由抛料组件的角度、弧长和位置决定。
  7.  根据权利要求6所述的调节出料级配的反击式破碎机，其特征在于：第二抛料组件（132）上方设置有分料蓖板（14），分料蓖板（14）上方设置有进料皮带机（15）；分料蓖板（14）上设置有蓖孔，蓖孔的孔径大于小粒度物料，且小于大粒度物料。
  8.  根据权利要求7所述的调节出料级配的反击式破碎机，其特征在于：在反击式破碎机的排料口（9）下方再设置一台出料皮带机（21），在进料皮带机（15）的另一侧设置有返料皮带机（22），出料皮带机（21）的出料端连接返料皮带机（22）的进料口。
  9.  根据权利要求5所述的调节出料级配的反击式破碎机，其特征在于：输送装置包括一个溜板（12），一个溜板（12）上设置有至少三个抛料组件，其中两侧抛料组件中的起抛段位置等高，中间抛料组件的起抛段位置高于两侧的抛料组件位置，溜板（12）外侧连接设置有筛分进料斗（16），筛分进料斗（16）前端固定连接设置有振动给料机（20）；在筛分进料斗（16）内部的前端设置有若干个分料板（18），各个分料板（18）之间设置有间隙，相邻分料板（18）的间隙距离大于小粒度物料的直径，而小于大粒度物料的直径；分料板（18）末端设置有导料板（19），导料板（19）设置为倒V型，导料板（19）的高度高于分料板（18）；在导料板（19）两侧的筛分进料斗（16）底板上对称地设置有两个集料板（17），集料板（17）成Y型结构。
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