WO2024045687A2 - 一种金矿预选抛废和减少过磨的方法 - Google Patents

一种金矿预选抛废和减少过磨的方法 Download PDF

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WO2024045687A2
WO2024045687A2 PCT/CN2023/092980 CN2023092980W WO2024045687A2 WO 2024045687 A2 WO2024045687 A2 WO 2024045687A2 CN 2023092980 W CN2023092980 W CN 2023092980W WO 2024045687 A2 WO2024045687 A2 WO 2024045687A2
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grinding
gold
minerals
grained
discarding
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PCT/CN2023/092980
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French (fr)
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WO2024045687A3 (zh
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徐超
李光胜
朱幸福
蔡明明
卢中博
陈艳波
吉强
张军童
高腾跃
秦广林
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山东黄金矿业科技有限公司选冶实验室分公司
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Publication of WO2024045687A2 publication Critical patent/WO2024045687A2/zh
Publication of WO2024045687A3 publication Critical patent/WO2024045687A3/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/10—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone
    • B02C23/12—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone with return of oversize material to crushing or disintegrating zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/14—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with more than one separator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for pre-selecting gold mines, discarding waste and reducing over-grinding, and belongs to the technical field of mineral processing.
  • the ore In the grinding and classification circuit, the ore is over-grinded to varying degrees. For those ores with high density, brittleness and brittleness, the degree of over-grinding is even more serious. Over-grinding not only causes a large amount of valuable heavy metals to be lost, but also reduces the production capacity of the grinding machine and increases energy consumption. Over-grinding directly affects the economic benefits of the mineral processing plant. In addition, the sludge phenomenon caused by over-grinding also causes great difficulties in subsequent operations such as sorting and dehydration. Hydraulic classification has fundamental flaws that cannot be overcome by improving equipment parameters and process flow. Therefore, currently adopted measures to improve classification efficiency include the introduction of screening operations, secondary classification, Huji cone hydraulic classifier, Huji Basic screens, etc., play a very limited role in solving the problem of over-grinding of valuable heavy minerals.
  • the invention patent application with publication number CN113634346A involves a method for pre-selecting and discarding non-ferrous metal ores. Its main technical means are: (1) crushing the non-ferrous metal ore raw ore and then performing the first screening and classification to obtain the first coarse ore and the first Fine ore and the first qualified ore; (2) carry out intelligent ore sorting on the first coarse ore to obtain the first coarse concentrate and gangue tailings; (3) crush the first coarse concentrate and carry out the third Second screening and classification, the second fine ore and the second qualified ore are obtained; (4) The first fine ore and the second fine ore are subjected to heavy media beneficiation to obtain concentrate and gangue tailings; the concentrate is qualified mine.
  • this patent is suitable for non-ferrous metal ore raw ore, and the raw ore crushing particle size is relatively coarse.
  • the main element of gold ore resources is gold, and the content is in g/t, and the degree of dissociation is It is not enough to achieve the heavy medium separation effect;
  • this patent combines the particularity of gold resources with the applicability of heavy medium separation, uses cyclone sand settling as the raw material for separation, and relies on process mineralogy analysis to fully resolve the problem.
  • the separated useful minerals and gangue minerals are separated to obtain heavy media separation tailings with a lower gold grade than the flotation tailings.
  • the technical problem to be solved by this invention is to make full use of the close relationship between pyrite and gold minerals, the difference in specific gravity between pyrite and gangue minerals, the easy-to-float property of pyrite, etc., to provide a method with good separation effect. , has strong adaptability to gold mines and can also solve the over-grinding problem of the grinding and grading system.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a method for pre-selecting, discarding and reducing over-grinding of gold mines which is characterized by including the following steps:
  • the particle size of the coarse-grained mineral is ⁇ 5 mm.
  • the fine-grained minerals are ⁇ 0.25mm.
  • the intermediate-grade minerals enter the heavy medium separation system, and the heavy medium separation tailings are treated as waste rock.
  • the waste disposal yield is determined according to the Au grade of the tailings, and the Au grade of the tailings is ⁇ 0.15g/t. More preferably ⁇ 0.1g/t, the waste rock is used as construction sand and filling material; the heavy medium separation concentrate is obtained and returned to the ball mill for re-grinding.
  • the Au grade of the tailings is ⁇ 0.1g/t.
  • the heavy medium separation system includes heavy medium liquid preparation, screening and demediation, and magnetic separation and washing.
  • the heavy medium used for separating the heavy medium is ferrosilicon powder.
  • the fine-grained minerals are subjected to flash flotation to obtain high-grade gold concentrate as the product, with a gold grade of ⁇ 60 g/t, and the flash flotation tailings are obtained and returned to the ball mill for re-grinding.
  • the gold ore is a quartz vein type gold ore.
  • the present invention performs particle size classification by classifying the cyclone sand in the closed-circuit grinding and classification system, and by means of a combination of closed-circuit screening, heavy medium separation, and flash flotation, the treatment process of ores of different particle sizes is reasonably designed to achieve coarse
  • the particle size cyclone grit is returned to grinding, the intermediate particle size cyclone grit is discarded and pre-enriched, and the fine-grained product is flash flotated to obtain high-grade gold concentrate.
  • the method provided by the invention can not only realize efficient separation between main useful minerals and gangue minerals in gold mines, significantly reduce the amount of ore entering the flotation process, and save costs; it can also pre-flotate the monomer solution in the closed circuit of grinding and classification.
  • Isolated useful minerals can avoid the continuous accumulation of these minerals in the cyclone classification process due to their specific gravity, causing over-grinding and affecting the Au recovery rate. This will provide technical support for improving the economic benefits of gold mines, green and efficient development of mines, and resource utilization. .
  • this invention Compared with the aforementioned invention patent application with publication number CN113634346A, which involves a method of pre-selecting and discarding non-ferrous metal ores, this invention has the following technical advantages: it is better suited for pre-selecting and discarding of gold ore resources, and the gold grade obtained is lower than that of flotation tailings gold.
  • the high-grade waste tailings have a higher waste yield; and this patent applies pre-waste removal and over-grinding suppression to the same raw material, which is easy to implement and widely used.
  • Figure 1 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a graph of the tailings productivity and distribution rate under different density conditions of (-5mm+0.28mm) sample heavy media separation in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a graph of the tailings productivity and distribution rate under different density conditions of (-2mm+0.28mm) sample heavy media separation in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method of the present invention includes a series of process steps that can be implemented in equipment meeting the required process conditions. As shown in Figure 1, after the raw ore is ground, the product is pumped to the cyclone for classification. The cyclone overflow enters the main flotation operation. After the cyclone sand is screened by a double-layer vibrating screen, coarse-grained minerals and intermediate particles are obtained. grade minerals and fine-grained minerals.
  • Fine-grained minerals enter the flash flotation system the flash flotation concentrate is sold as a product, and the flash flotation tailings are returned to the ball mill;
  • the intermediate grade minerals enter the heavy medium separation system.
  • the heavy medium (ferrosilicon powder) and the intermediate grade minerals are mixed in the heavy medium mixing barrel and pumped into the heavy medium cyclone.
  • the heavy medium separation concentrate is discharged from the cyclone.
  • the underflow is discharged and screened and deinterposed by a linear vibrating screen.
  • the products on the screen are cleaned by a cleaning screen and then fed into the ball mill.
  • the sorted tailings are discharged from the cyclone overflow and screened by a linear vibrating screen. After deintermediation, the products on the screen are cleaned by a cleaning screen. Then thrown out as final tailings.
  • the products screened by the two de-medium vibrating screens are dehydrated and returned to the heavy medium mixing barrel, and the water is recycled.
  • Sorting conditions of heavy medium with sand settling in a mine's cyclone Sorting conditions of heavy medium with sand settling in a mine's cyclone:
  • the heavy media sorting results show:
  • the cyclone sand flash flotation + heavy medium separation situation in a mine The cyclone sand was screened through 5mm and 0.25mm vibrating screens respectively to obtain coarse-grained minerals (>5mm) and intermediate-grained minerals. (0.25-5mm) and fine-grained minerals (>0.25mm).
  • the separation medium used is a heavy medium liquid prepared from ferrosilicon powder and water. The results of the heavy media separation test on coarse-grained and intermediate-grained minerals are shown in Table 2.
  • the test results show that: due to insufficient monomer dissociation of coarse-grained minerals, the Au grade of the tailings fluctuates greatly, and a stable tailing product cannot be obtained, so this product needs to be returned to the ball mill for re-grinding; the intermediate-grained grade products are evenly distributed in each particle range. It can obtain better tailing products and lower tailing Au grade ( ⁇ 0.15g/t, lower than the Au grade of flotation tailings).
  • the results of the flotation concentration test show that as the flotation concentration increases, the Au grade and Au recovery rate of the concentrate first increase and then decrease; when the flotation concentration is 55%, the recovery rate is the highest, and when the flotation concentration is 55%, the recovery rate is the highest. At 60%, the concentrate grade is the highest (77.95g/t).

Abstract

一种金矿预选抛废和减少过磨的方法，首先将金矿磨矿分级闭路循环***中的旋流器沉砂进行筛分分级，得到粗粒级矿物、中间粒级矿物和细粒级矿物；然后将粗粒级矿物返回球磨机进行再磨，并将中间粒级矿物进入重介质分选***，得出重介质分选尾矿作为废石处理，得出重介质分选精矿返回球磨机再磨；最后将细粒级矿物进行闪速浮选，得到高品位金精矿作为产品，得到闪速浮选尾矿返回球磨机再磨；能够实现黄金矿山中主要有用矿物和脉石矿物之间高效分离，显著降低进入浮选工艺的矿石量；还能预先浮选出磨矿分级闭路中单体解离的有用矿物，避免这部分矿物因比重大在旋流分级过程中不断循环积累，造成过磨影响Au回收率。

Description

一种金矿预选抛废和减少过磨的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种金矿预选抛废和减少过磨的方法，属于选矿技术领域。
 背景技术
在磨矿分级回路中，矿石存在着不同程度的过磨。对于那些密度大、性脆、易碎的矿石， 过磨的程度就更为严重。过磨不但使有价重金属大量流失，而且使磨矿机的生产能力下降，能耗上升，过磨直接影响选矿厂的经济效益。另外，因过磨而产生的泥化现象，对后续作业如选别和脱水也造成了很大困难。水力分级存在原理上的缺陷，用改进设备参数和工艺流程的方法是不能克服的，因而目前采用的提高分级效率的措施，如引入筛分作业、二次分级、胡基圆锥水力分级机、胡基筛等，对解决有价重矿物的过磨问题所起的作用还很有限。
金矿资源的开发，大量尾矿的产生制约着矿业企业的发展。因此从绿色、节能矿山建设的角度出发，采用重介质选矿技术进行预选抛尾具有一定的现实意义。粗粒级废石可作为井下重填骨料或者建材骨料利用，减少尾矿量，延长尾矿库的服务年限。目前，我国重介质预选分选技术在有色金属分选方面工业应用并不太广泛。该项技术在国外铜、铅、锌、钨等金属矿石分选上已有较多的应用实例。金矿资源因其主要元素均以g/t进行计算，含量较其他金属矿石低很多，所以采用重介质分选难度较大。
公布号为CN113634346A的发明专利申请涉及一种有色金属矿预选抛废方法，其主要技术手段为：(1)将有色金属矿原矿破碎后进行第一筛分分级，得到第一粗矿、第一细矿和第一合格矿；(2)将所述第一粗矿进行智能矿石分选，得到第一粗精矿和脉石尾矿；(3)将所述第一粗精矿破碎后进行第二筛分分级，得到第二细矿和第二合格矿；(4)将所述第一细矿和第二细矿进行重介质选矿，得到精矿和脉石尾矿；所述精矿为合格矿。
上述专利技术存在的主要缺点是：该专利适用于有色金属矿原矿，原矿破碎粒度较粗，在黄金矿山实施过程中，金矿资源主要元素为金，含量以g/t为单位，解离度不够无法达到重介质分选效果；本专利将金矿资源特殊性与重介质分选适用性相结合，以旋流器沉砂为原料进行分选，以工艺矿物学分析为依托，将充分解离的有用矿物及脉石矿物进行分选，取得低于浮选尾矿金品位的重介质分选尾矿。
 技术问题
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，充分利用黄铁矿与金矿物嵌布关系密切、黄铁矿与脉石矿物之间的比重差异、黄铁矿易浮性质等，提供一种分选效果好、对金矿适应性强、同时可解决磨矿分级***过磨问题的方法。
 技术解决方案
为了解决这一技术问题，本发明采用了以下技术方案：
一种金矿预选抛废和减少过磨的方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
(1)将金矿磨矿分级闭路循环***中的旋流器沉砂进行筛分分级，得到粗粒级矿物、中间粒级矿物和细粒级矿物；所述粗粒级矿物粒径≥3mm，所述细粒级矿物≤0.5mm；
(2)将所述粗粒级矿物返回球磨机进行再磨；
(3)将所述中间粒级矿物进入重介质分选***，得出重介质分选尾矿作为废石处理，得出重介质分选精矿返回球磨机再磨；
(4)将所述细粒级矿物进行闪速浮选，得到高品位金精矿作为产品，得到闪速浮选尾矿返回球磨机再磨。
优选地，所述粗粒级矿物粒径≥5mm。
优选地，所述细粒级矿物≤0.25mm。
优选地，所述中间粒级矿物进入重介质分选***，得出重介质分选尾矿作为废石处理，根据尾矿Au品位确定抛废产率，尾矿Au品位≤0.15g/t，更优≤0.1g/t，所述废石作为建筑用砂、充填材料；得出重介质分选精矿返回球磨机再磨。
进一步优选地，所述尾矿Au品位≤0.1g/t。
优选地，所述重介质分选***包含重介质液配制、筛分脱介和磁选洗介。
优选地，所述将重介质分选所用重介质为硅铁粉。
优选地，所述细粒级矿物进行闪速浮选，得到高品位金精矿作为产品，金品位≥60g/t，得到闪速浮选尾矿返回球磨机再磨。
优选地，所述金矿为石英脉型金矿。
 有益效果
与现有技术相比较，本发明的积极效果如下：
本发明通过将磨矿分级闭路***的旋流器沉砂进行粒度分级，借助闭路筛分、重介质分选、闪速浮选相结合的手段，合理设计不同粒级矿石的处理工艺，实现粗粒级旋流器沉砂返回磨矿、中间粒级旋流器沉砂的抛尾和预富集、细粒级产品闪速浮选获得高品位金精矿等效果。本发明提供的方法不但能够实现黄金矿山中主要有用矿物和脉石矿物之间高效分离，显著降低进入浮选工艺的矿石量，节约成本；还能预先浮选出磨矿分级闭路中单体解离的有用矿物，避免这部分矿物因比重大在旋流分级过程中不断循环积累，造成过磨影响Au回收率，为提升金矿的经济效益，矿山绿色、高效开发、资源化利用提供技术支撑。
与前述公布号为CN113634346A的发明专利申请涉及一种有色金属矿预选抛废方法相比较，本发明具备以下技术优势：更佳适合金矿资源预选抛废，获得金品位低于浮选尾矿金品位的抛废尾矿，抛废产率更高；且本专利将预先抛废和抑制过磨应用于同一原料，实施便利，应用广泛。
 附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的工艺流程图。
图2是本发明实施例中（-5mm+0.28mm）样品重介质分选不同密度条件下尾矿产率、分布率曲线图。
图3 是本发明实施例中（-2mm+0.28mm）样品重介质分选不同密度条件下尾矿产率、分布率曲线图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了更好地理解和实施本发明，下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明。
本发明的方法包括一系列工艺步骤，这些工艺步骤可以在满足所需工艺条件的设备中实施。如图1，原矿磨矿后产品泵送至旋流器分级，旋流器溢流进入主浮选作业，旋流器沉砂经双层振动筛筛分后，得到粗粒级矿物、中间粒级矿物和细粒级矿物。
粗粒级矿物返回球磨机；
细粒级矿物进入闪速浮选***，闪速浮选精矿作为产品外售，闪速浮选尾矿返回球磨机；
中间粒级矿物进入重介质分选***，重介质（硅铁粉）和中间粒级矿物在重介质搅拌桶混匀，泵送入重介旋流器，重介质分选精矿从旋流器底流排出经直线振动筛筛分脱介后筛上产品经清洗筛清洗后给入球磨机，分选尾矿从旋流器溢流排出经直线振动筛筛分脱介后筛上产品经清洗筛清洗后作为最终尾矿抛出。两个脱介振动筛筛下产品经脱水后返回重介质搅拌桶，水循环利用。
实施例1
旋流器沉砂细粒级产品闪速浮选应用情况：某金矿旋流器沉砂细粒级产品（≤0.25mm）在浮选浓度为60%、浮选时间为1min条件下精矿品位为77.23g/t，产率为2.45%，Au回收率为44.18%，黄铁矿单体和其他金属硫化物共生体回收率为95.43%，富连生体回收率为80.61%，已达到预先浮选单体解离有用矿物的目的，可有效抑制过磨问题。
实施例2
某矿山旋流器沉砂重介质分选情况：
分别制备旋流器沉砂（-5mm+0.28mm）、（-2mm+0.28mm）样品，进行重介质旋流器选矿试验，试验数据见表1。
根据重介质选矿试验结果绘制（-5mm+0.28mm）样品重介质分选不同密度条件下尾矿产率、分布率曲线，（-2mm+0.28mm）样品重介质分选不同密度条件下尾矿产率、分布率曲线见图2、图3。
重介质分选结果表明：
（1）随着重介质密度的不断增加，尾矿产率不断增加，精矿Au、S分布率呈下降趋势。
（2）以尾矿中Au品位进行比较，2mm+0.28mm样品分选效果分选效果略优于-5mm+0.28mm。
（3）-2mm+0.28mm样品在分选密度为1.92g/m³条件下，尾矿产率为47.69%，尾矿中Au、S品位分别为为0.17g/t、0.1%，精矿中Au、S分布率分别为94.14%、93.58%。
实施例3
某矿山旋流器沉砂闪速浮选+重介质分选情况：将旋流器沉砂分别经5mm、0.25mm振动筛进行筛分，得到粗粒级矿物（＞5mm）、中间粒级矿物（0.25-5mm）和细粒级矿物（＞0.25mm）。所用分选介质为硅铁粉和水配制而成重介液。将粗粒级和中间粒级矿物进行重介质分选试验结果见表2。
试验结果表明：粗粒级矿物因单体解离度不够，尾矿Au品位波动较大，无法得到稳定抛尾产品，所以此产品需返回球磨机再磨；中间粒级产品在各个粒级区间均可以获得较佳抛尾产品、较低抛尾Au品位（≤0.15g/t，低于浮选尾矿Au品位）。
细粒级产品（＜0.25mm）进行闪速浮选，试验结果见表3。
浮选浓度试验结果表明：随着浮选浓度的增加，精矿Au品位、Au回收率均呈现先升高后降低趋势；在浮选浓度为55%时，回收率最高，在浮选浓度为60%时，精矿品位最高（77.95g/t）。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种金矿预选抛废和减少过磨的方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
    (1)将金矿磨矿分级闭路循环***中的旋流器沉砂进行筛分分级，得到粗粒级矿物、中间粒级矿物和细粒级矿物；所述粗粒级矿物粒径≥3mm，所述细粒级矿物≤0.5mm；
    (2)将所述粗粒级矿物返回球磨机进行再磨；
    (3)将所述中间粒级矿物进入重介质分选***，得出重介质分选尾矿作为废石处理，得出重介质分选精矿返回球磨机再磨；
    (4)将所述细粒级矿物进行闪速浮选，得到高品位金精矿作为产品，得到闪速浮选尾矿返回球磨机再磨。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的金矿预选抛废和减少过磨的方法，其特征在于：所述粗粒级矿物粒径≥5mm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的金矿预选抛废和减少过磨的方法，其特征在于：所述细粒级矿物≤0.25mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的金矿预选抛废和减少过磨的方法，其特征在于：所述中间粒级矿物进入重介质分选***，得出重介质分选尾矿作为废石处理，根据尾矿Au品位确定抛废产率，尾矿Au品位≤0.15g/t，更优≤0.1g/t，所述废石作为建筑用砂、充填材料；得出重介质分选精矿返回球磨机再磨。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的金矿预选抛废和减少过磨的方法，其特征在于：所述尾矿Au品位≤0.1g/t。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的金矿预选抛废和减少过磨的方法，其特征在于：所述重介质分选***包含重介质液配制、筛分脱介和磁选洗介。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的金矿预选抛废和减少过磨的方法，其特征在于：所述将重介质分选所用重介质为硅铁粉。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的金矿预选抛废和减少过磨的方法，其特征在于：所述细粒级矿物进行闪速浮选，得到高品位金精矿作为产品，金品位≥60g/t，得到闪速浮选尾矿返回球磨机再磨。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的金矿预选抛废和减少过磨的方法，其特征在于：所述金矿为石英脉型金矿。
PCT/CN2023/092980 2022-09-01 2023-05-09 一种金矿预选抛废和减少过磨的方法 WO2024045687A2 (zh)

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