WO2023246219A1 - 一种耐温pla吸管及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐温pla吸管及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2023246219A1
WO2023246219A1 PCT/CN2023/084793 CN2023084793W WO2023246219A1 WO 2023246219 A1 WO2023246219 A1 WO 2023246219A1 CN 2023084793 W CN2023084793 W CN 2023084793W WO 2023246219 A1 WO2023246219 A1 WO 2023246219A1
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straw
pla
temperature
resistant
carbon dioxide
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PCT/CN2023/084793
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李文光
刘永磊
陈启早
陶阳
胡乾
金宇杰
黄国超
朱玉婷
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台州玉米环保科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023246219A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023246219A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47GHOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G21/00Table-ware
    • A47G21/18Drinking straws or the like
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C71/00After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C71/0009After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor using liquids, e.g. solvents, swelling agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0061Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C08J9/12Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
    • C08J9/122Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2067/00Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B29K2067/04Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
    • B29K2067/046PLA, i.e. polylactic acid or polylactide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/06CO2, N2 or noble gases
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2203/00Foams characterized by the expanding agent
    • C08J2203/08Supercritical fluid
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2367/00Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2367/04Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2467/00Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2467/02Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/54Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids

Definitions

  • Straws are an indispensable daily necessities in the tableware industry. In China alone, up to 1.5 billion straws are consumed every day, and with the rise and rapid development of new lifestyles such as fast food, takeout, and milk tea industries, straw consumption is still rising. Since straws are disposable consumer products, they consume a large amount of raw material resources every day, and their wastes are still polluting the environment. They have become one of the first choice plastic products in the country to control disposable plastic pollution.
  • PLA straw Since the performance of degradable plastic PLA is equivalent to that of traditional plastic PP, PLA was chosen to make degradable plastic straws. However, the processing performance of PLA straws is not good, and other degradable plastics such as PBAT or PBS must be added as processing aids to make PLA straws. However, due to the slow crystallization speed of PLA, it is generally difficult to completely crystallize during the processing and production of drawn tubes. Therefore, PLA straws are generally not temperature-resistant and tend to bend and deform when exposed to heat. They are usually only used as cold drink straws.
  • PLA straws with a temperature resistance of 70°C can be made.
  • the quality of this product is unstable, mainly because the quality of PBS raw materials fluctuates greatly, and physical and chemical tests of small molecule leached substances often fail to meet standards. Therefore, the temperature resistance and product quality stability of this PLA straw have always been difficult problems that need to be solved.
  • PLA straw products that can withstand a temperature of 70°C.
  • the heat treatment drying tunnel, hot blowing, infrared heating, etc.
  • CN12521735A discloses a heat-resistant PLA straw and a preparation method.
  • the straw is prepared using three-layer co-extrusion technology, in which the inner and outer layers contain benzene rings.
  • the copolymer polylactic acid component, the middle layer is aliphatic polyester (PBS or PBAT).
  • PBS or PBAT aliphatic polyester
  • the heat resistance of PLA straws is mainly achieved by self-made copolymerized polylactic acid, and it is still difficult to achieve mass production.
  • the preparation of straws by three-layer co-extrusion technology is still an application attempt of a new technology.
  • CN13004669A discloses a method for preparing a heat-resistant straw.
  • CN113088052 discloses a method for preparing a high temperature resistant modified carbon dioxide-based transparent straw.
  • the composition of the straw is 5-10 parts of carbon dioxide-based PPC, 20-35 parts of PLA, 60-70 parts of PBS, and 0.2-0.3 parts of dispersant. 0.1-0.3 parts of compatibilizer, 0.1-0.3 parts of lubricant.
  • the present invention provides a temperature-resistant PLA straw and a preparation method thereof.
  • the prepared PLA straw has the advantages of temperature resistance and heat insulation, is also biodegradable, and is a new generation of environmentally friendly straw products.
  • the PLA straw raw material is prepared through the extruder drawing process to obtain a straw-like embryo.
  • the straw-like embryo contains PLA that has not completed crystallization;
  • the PLA straw raw materials described in step (1) include the following components in terms of mass:
  • the excipient is PBAT, PBS or a blend of PBAT and PBS;
  • Temperature-resistant straw products temperature resistance ⁇ 70°C and ⁇ 100°C any temperature
  • the holding pressure is ⁇ 9 MPa, and the pressure release speed is ⁇ 31 MPa/s; preferably, the holding pressure is ⁇ 12 MPa, and the pressure release speed is ⁇ 41 MPa/s; the density of the obtained straw product is higher than that of the straw prototype Density is reduced by 5-30%.
  • the invention also provides a temperature-resistant PLA straw.
  • the straw is a micro-foamed product.
  • the density of the straw is reduced by 5-30% compared to the straw-like embryo.
  • the straw has a temperature resistance of above 70°C.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention allows carbon dioxide to rapidly vaporize and expand through rapid pressure relief, which can produce a micro-nano pore structure inside the PLA straw, thereby reducing the product density and increasing the toughness.
  • the micro-nano bubble structure can give the straw the function of heat preservation, which will not burn your hands when hot or cold.
  • the process parameters of the present invention can be accurately controlled, and the product quality has high stability; because the straw is immersed in carbon dioxide fluid, uneven bending deformation due to heating does not occur, the amount of crystallization can also be accurately controlled, and the quality of the temperature-resistant PLA straw product is better Stable and reliable.
  • the present invention helps to promote PLA straws to replace existing PP or paper straws.
  • the present invention narrows the price difference between traditional plastic tableware and biodegradable plastic tableware, and at the same time has a better appearance, opaque, reflective, rigid and tough Taking both aspects into account, bringing a better user experience and creating a new environmentally friendly straw product.
  • the present invention also provides a new straw.
  • the straws currently on the market are all non-foamed straws, but the straw of the present invention adopts the form of micro-foaming.
  • they also had the function of thermal insulation. so that the straw can isolate the liquid temperature when used, making people feel more comfortable.
  • the method for measuring the density of straws in the examples is:
  • the drainage method is used to weigh the weight of the straw sample in air (W 1 ) and in water (W 2 ) respectively.
  • the weight difference between the two is the buoyancy force (F) on the sample. It is equal to the sample volume (V s ) times the density of water (d w ).
  • the density of the sample (d s ) can thus be calculated.
  • formula number 10 is calcium carbonate, and the fillers in other formula numbers are talc; formula number 10 contains 0.5% chain extender and 1% plasticizer (a total of 1.5% modifier); while other formula numbers do not contain any modifier.
  • PLA straw samples were prepared according to the following method.
  • PLA is used as the main ingredient
  • PBAT or PBS or a blend of PBAT and PBS is used as the auxiliary material
  • talc powder or calcium carbonate is used as the filler to prepare a total of ten formulas from 1 to 10.
  • PLA pipette-like embryo The preparation process is: through the extruder blending and granulation process, raw material particles of various formulas are prepared. These raw material particles are then used to prepare PLA straws of predetermined size and weight through screw extrusion melt, tube drawing, water cooling shaping, cutting, collection and other processes. These PLA straw prototypes are usually not temperature-resistant and can only be used as cold drink straws.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于餐饮具的技术领域,涉及一种耐温PLA吸管的制备方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:(1)PLA吸管原料经挤出机拉管工艺制备得到吸管样胚,吸管样胚中含有未能完成结晶的PLA;(2)吸管样胚经过恒温恒压的二氧化碳浸泡处理,使吸管样胚中未结晶的PLA完成结晶,制备得到耐温性≥70℃的PLA吸管产品。本发明还提供了一种耐温PLA吸管,所述吸管为微发泡产品,所述吸管的密度相对于吸管样胚降低5-30%,所述吸管具有70℃以上的耐温性。本发明提供的耐温PLA吸管及其制备方法,所制备的PLA吸管具有耐温、隔热的优点,还可生物降解,是新一代的环保吸管产品。

Description

一种耐温PLA吸管及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于餐饮具的技术领域,涉及一种耐温PLA吸管及其制备方法。
背景技术
吸管是餐饮具行业中不可或缺的一种日常用品。仅在中国每天就要消耗多达15亿支吸管,而且随着快餐、外卖、奶茶业等新型生活方式的兴起和高速发展,吸管用量还在不断上升。由于吸管属于一次性消费用品,每天都在消耗大量的原材料资源,同时其废弃物还在污染环境,已经成为国家治理一次性塑料污染首选的几个塑料制品之一。
目前市场上主要有以下几种吸管:
(1)PP吸管。耐温不降解,价格也便宜,但污染环境,国家已经颁发禁塑令,开始全面禁止其生产和销售。
(2)纸吸管。耐温也降解,但是遇到液体后容易***,甚至失去吸食功能,用户体验较差,尤其是在奶茶行业使用,不受市场欢迎。
(3)PLA吸管。由于降解塑料PLA与传统塑料PP性能相当,所以PLA被选择来制作降解塑料吸管。但是PLA拉管的加工性能不好,必须添加其他降解塑料如PBAT或PBS作为加工助剂,才能做成PLA吸管。然而由于PLA结晶速度较慢,在拉管加工生产过程中一般很难结晶完全,所以PLA吸管一般都不耐温,遇热就容易弯曲形变,通常只用作冷饮吸管。
目前通过调控加工助剂PBS组分含量,可以做成耐温70℃的PLA吸管。但是这种产品质量不稳定,主要是PBS原材料质量波动较大,时常出现小分子溶出物的理化检测不达标的现象。因此,这种PLA吸管的耐温性和产品质量稳定性一直是亟待解决的难题。
通过选定特殊牌号PLA原料,拉管成型后热处理,让PLA重结晶,也可以制备耐温70℃的PLA吸管产品。但是由于热处理(烘道、热吹风、红外加热等)不容易做到均匀一致,导致吸管变形,产品质量下降。
目前可生物降解塑料供需市场发展还不平衡, 原材料价格高,PLA吸管价格较高,如何降低产品价格一直是PLA吸管市场发展的要求和挑战,也是生产企业生存与发展的条件。因此,紧跟市场变化,不断推出高品质、低价位的新产品,顺应和满足客户需求,这是可生物降解塑料市场发展的趋势,也是降解塑料取代传统塑料产品成败的关键所在。
但PLA吸管无论采用何种配方,只要按照挤出机拉管方法生产出来的吸管,PLA都不可能结晶完全。因为PLA本身属于结晶缓慢的高聚物,其玻璃化温度(50-60℃)在室温以上;再因为从PLA熔体拉出挤出机口模,到管子进入水中冷却固化成型,这个过程极快,因此PLA吸管很容易以无定形的或者部分结晶的状态成型制品。当产品再次遇到升温时,PLA可能在玻璃化温度之上再结晶(通常称为冷结晶),导致产品形状发生改变。这就是PLA吸管不耐温的原因所在。
为了解决PLA吸管的耐温性问题,在PLA吸管配方中加入能够快速结晶的PBS,这样可制备出耐温70℃的PLA吸管产品。但是由于PBS产品中含有不易除尽的小分子单体溶出物,PLA吸管存在理化检测不达标的风险。此外,这种方式要添加较多的PBS,实际上PLA吸管的耐温性是依靠PBS的结晶来支撑其产品的稳定骨架结构的。现在PBS产能受限,价格较高,这种耐温的PLA吸管价格偏高,也不容易做低,导致PLA吸管市场发展受限。
最近出现的结晶PLA吸管产品,相比上述的PBS耐温的PLA吸管,该吸管采用高熔点、易结晶的PLA原料,配方中降低了PBS含量,或者PLA,PBAT,加成核剂原料,熔体挤出拉管成型吸管后,再经过一道热处理工序,让PLA重结晶,最终的吸管产品可耐温70-80℃。不过,这种结晶的PLA吸管要用特殊牌号PLA,由于PLA产能不足,这种吸管产品的市场规模受到限制;此外,热处理工艺不容易做到精准调控,产品容易变形,质量波动性较大,吸管废品和次品率较高。
有关耐温PLA吸管的文献极少,现已查到如下专利文献:CN12521735A公开了一种耐热PLA吸管及制备方法,该吸管采用三层共挤技术制备,其中内层和外层含有苯环的共聚聚乳酸组分,中间层为脂肪族聚酯(PBS或PBAT)。PLA吸管的耐热性能主要是依靠自制的共聚聚乳酸来实现的,要实现量产化还很难;此外三层共挤技术制备吸管还是一个新技术的应用尝试。CN13004669A公开了一种耐热吸管的制备方法,通过添加微量的交联剂,利用纳米尺寸交联成核点提高PLA结晶度,从而实现PLA吸管耐热80℃。这种微交联成核技术的难点是如何均匀地分散微量的交联剂,否则产品很难做到均匀一致。CN113088052公开了一种耐高温改性二氧化碳基透明吸管的制备方法,其吸管的组成配方为二氧化碳基PPC 5-10份,PLA 20-35份,PBS 60-70份,分散剂0.2-0.3份,增容剂0.1-0.3份,润滑剂0.1-0.3份。拉管成型吸管后,在100-110℃进行退火处理,可制得耐高温透明吸管。上述的耐热吸管的制备方法基本上都是通过改变吸管配方组成或者一般产品热处理来实现的。在当今生物降解塑料资源十分有限,业界已经尝试各种配方组合的情况下,如何利用现有的生物降解塑料原料,开发出耐温PLA吸管,满足市场需求,无疑是现在餐饮具行业的巨大挑战。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不同,提供了一种耐温PLA吸管及其制备方法,所制备的PLA吸管具有耐温、隔热的优点,还可生物降解,是新一代的环保吸管产品。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的通过下述技术方案得以实现:
一种耐温PLA吸管的制备方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)PLA吸管原料经挤出机拉管工艺制备得到吸管样胚,吸管样胚中含有未能完成结晶的PLA;
(2)吸管样胚经过恒温恒压的二氧化碳浸泡处理,使吸管样胚中未结晶的PLA完成结晶,制备得到耐温性≥70℃(是指最高耐热温度≥70℃)的PLA吸管产品。
在上述的一种耐温PLA吸管的制备方法中,步骤(1)中所述PLA吸管原料以质量计包括以下组分:
主料30-80%
辅料5-40%
填料10-35%
改性剂0-5%;
所述主料为PLA;
所述辅料为PBAT、PBS或PBAT与PBS的共混物;
所述填料选自滑石粉、碳酸钙、二氧化硅、膨润土、咖啡渣粉和竹粉中的任一种或多种组合;
 所述改性剂选自成核剂、抗氧剂、抗静电剂、抗菌剂、色母、相容剂、增韧剂、润滑剂、脱模剂、扩链剂或交联剂中的任一种或多种组合;添加的填料和改性剂用量和种类以不影响二氧化碳作用效果、吸管性能和环保理念为度;根据实际需要,所述改性剂也可以不添加。
在上述的一种耐温PLA吸管的制备方法中,步骤(1)中所述PLA吸管原料使用经过挤出共混造粒工艺制备而成的粒料。
在上述的一种耐温PLA吸管的制备方法中,步骤(2)中所述二氧化碳浸泡的方式是:PLA吸管样胚放置在耐高温高压的可调温密闭容器中,所述密闭容器中注入二氧化碳,恒温保压浸泡,浸泡完成后快速泄压,打开容器,取出样品,室温冷却,得到产品;所述耐高温高压的容器是可调控温度的、耐压的任何密闭容器。
 在上述的一种耐温PLA吸管的制备方法中,步骤(2)中保压温度为40-105℃,保压压力为4-13MPa,保压时间为1-30min,泄压速度为5-45MPa/s。
在上述的一种耐温PLA吸管的制备方法中,所述二氧化碳为超临界二氧化碳流体或者亚临界二氧化碳流体。
在上述的一种耐温PLA吸管的制备方法中,通过调整配方和浸泡参数,可以获得不同耐温性的吸管产品,一般而言,在相同的配方下,保压温度越高,得到的吸管产品的耐温性越高。
本发明所提供的产品分别为:
耐温吸管产品,耐温性≥70℃且<100℃中的任一温度;
高耐温吸管产品,耐温性>100℃。
在上述的一种耐温PLA吸管的制备方法中,通过调整浸泡参数,可以获得低密度的吸管产品;一般而言,保压压力越大,泄压速度越快,所得产品的密度越低。
可选的,所述保压压力≥9 MPa,泄压速度≥31 MPa/s; 优选的,保压压力≥12 MPa,泄压速度≥41 MPa/s;所获得吸管产品密度比吸管样胚密度降低5-30%。
本发明还提供了一种耐温PLA吸管,所述吸管为微发泡产品,所述吸管的密度相对于吸管样胚降低5-30%,所述吸管具有70℃以上的耐温性。
本发明和现有技术相比,具有如下有益效果:
1、本发明提供了一种新的PLA吸管的制备方法,在一定的温度和压力条件下,二氧化碳流体可快速溶解渗透到PLA吸管中,可消除挤出熔体拉管分子取向所带来的内应力,协助PLA大分子链运动,可调整PLA大分子链的空间结构排列,在不造成吸管弯曲变形情况下,诱导PLA完成结晶,改变PLA吸管的耐温性;当二氧化碳流体使用超临界流体二氧化碳时可以获得更好的效果。
2、本发明通过快速卸压,让二氧化碳急剧气化膨胀,可以在PLA吸管内部产生微纳米泡孔结构,使得产品密度降低、韧性增加。微纳米泡孔结构可以赋予吸管隔热保温的功能,热不烫手,冷不冻手。
3、本发明的工艺参数可以精准调控,产品质量稳定性高;因吸管是浸泡在二氧化碳流体中,不发生受热不均匀的弯曲形变,结晶量也可以精准调控,耐温的PLA吸管产品质量更加稳定可靠。
4、本发明可降低成本,由于二氧化碳浸泡处理吸管,可诱导PLA结晶完全,所以可少用或者不用成核剂,采用更价廉的物料配方,同样可做成结晶的PLA吸管。此外,吸管也可以做成微纳米泡孔结构,从而减少原材料用量,降低产品的生产成本。
5、本发明采用PLA作为主料,由此生产的吸管产品可生物降解,使用后的废弃物不会造成环境污染。
6、本发明有助于促进PLA吸管替代现有的PP或纸吸管,本发明缩小了传统塑料餐具与可生物降解塑料餐具在价格上差异,同时具有更好的外观,不透明、反光、刚韧兼顾,带来更好的用户体验,创造一种全新的环保吸管产品。
7、本发明还提供了一种新的吸管,现有市场上的吸管均为非发泡吸管,但本发明的吸管采用微发泡的形式。在对二氧化碳流体处理PLA吸管进行深入研究的过程中,研发人员惊奇的发现,PLA吸管经过微发泡之后获得了令人意外的新特性,在耐温之外,竟然还有保温隔热的作用,使得吸管在使用的时候可以隔绝液体温度,使人感觉更加舒适。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式的描述对本发明作进一步说明,但这并非是对本发明的限制,本领域技术人员根据本发明的基本思想,可以做出各种修改或者改进,但是只要不脱离本发明的基本思想,均在本发明的范围之内。
本实施例中各试验数据的测定方法如下:
1、实施例中吸管密度测定方法是:
根据阿基米德浮力原理,采用排水法,分别称取吸管样品在空气中重量(W 1)和在水中重量(W 2),两者的重量差即为样品所受的浮力(F),它等于样品体积(V s)乘上水的密度(d w)。从而可计算出样品的密度(d s)。
F = W 1-W 2= d w* V s
d s=W 1/V s =d w*W 1/(W 1-W 2)
2、实施例中吸管密度下降百分数的计算方法是:
吸管样胚密度d 0, 吸管产品密度d f,经过二氧化碳处理后,吸管内部产生微纳米泡孔结构,其密度下降百分数X为:
X (%) = (d 0 – d f)/d 0*100
3、实施例中吸管耐温性的测定方法是:
量取200克玻璃珠将其放入500mL烧杯中,在烧杯内倒入约3/4烧杯的水,将该烧杯放入设置好温度的恒温水浴锅中,当烧杯中的温度达到所需温度时,往烧杯中***吸管,将吸管沿着烧杯壁触底搅拌20圈,在10秒内完成,观察吸管搅拌过程中及搅拌后吸管状态。若吸管在搅拌过程***无法顺畅搅动,或者搅拌后严重变形,则可终止试验,判断该吸管无法耐受此温度。若吸管仍能保持原始状态,判断该吸管可耐此温度。
本发明实施例中的原料来源如表1-1所示:
表1-1 原料及来源
化合物 牌号或规格 来源
PLA(配方1-5、9-10) 110 海正
PLA(配方6-8) 810 丰原
PBAT KHB21AP11 康辉新材料
PBS 803S 新疆蓝山屯
滑石粉 1250目 市售
碳酸钙 2500目 广源化工
扩链剂 CE2104 创摩新材
增塑剂 HC1910 华策环保科技
表1-2 PLA吸管原料配方、吸管密度和耐温性
配方编号 PLA(%) PBAT(%) PBS(%) 填料(%) 改性剂(%) 密度(g/cm 3 耐温性(最高耐温)(℃)
1 65 20 15 1.358 55
2 45 30 25 1.413 55
3 70 15 15 1.357 55
4 50 15 35 1.407 55
5 30 40 30 1.504 70
6 80 10 10 1.328 55
7 60 25 15 1.413 55
8 70 15 15 1.371 55
9 60 5 10 25 1.447 55
10 65 20 15 1.5 1.343 50
*配方编号10的填料是碳酸钙,其他配方编号的填料都是滑石粉;配方编号10含有0.5%扩链剂和1%增塑剂(一共1.5%改性剂);而其他配方编号不含有任何改性剂。
实施例中按照以下方法制备PLA吸管样品。
(1)PLA吸管样胚的制备:
按照表1-2中的配方组成,分别以PLA为主料,以PBAT或PBS或PBAT与PBS的共混物为辅料,以滑石粉或碳酸钙为填料,制备得到1-10共十种配方的PLA吸管样胚。其制备过程是:经过挤出机共混造粒工艺,制备出各种配方的原料粒子。用这些原料粒子再经过螺杆挤出熔体、拉管、水冷定型、剪裁、收集等工艺流程,制备出预定尺寸大小和重量的PLA吸管。这些PLA吸管样胚通常是不耐温的,只能作为冷饮吸管使用。
(2)PLA吸管样品的制备:
将PLA吸管样胚放置在恒温恒压的二氧化碳密闭容器(模具)中浸泡预定时间,然后快速卸压开模,取出样品,在室温下冷却,即得PLA吸管产品。不同配方的PLA吸管的二氧化碳处理加工条件如表2所示。
表2  PLA吸管的二氧化碳处理加工工艺条件及性能测试
实施例# 配方# 保压温度(℃) 保压压力(MPa) 保压时间(min) 卸压速度(MPa/s) 产品密度(g/cm 3 密度下降(%) 耐温性(最高耐温)(℃)
1 1 40 4.5 6 16 1.350 0.5 75
2 40 4.5 6 16 1.414 -0.1 75
3 40 4.5 6 16 1.360 -0.2 75
4 40 4.5 6 16 1.407 0.0 75
5 40 4.5 6 16 1.499 0.3 90
6 40 4.5 6 16 1.323 0.4 90
7 40 4.5 6 16 1.410 0.2 80
8 40 4.5 6 16 1.366 0.4 75
2 1 50 4 30 14 1.354 0.3 >100
2 50 4 30 14 1.417 -0.3 95
3 50 4 30 14 1.359 -0.1 >100
4 50 4 30 14 1.403 0.3 >100
5 50 4 30 14 1.508 -0.3 95
6 50 4 30 14 1.325 0.2 >100
7 50 4 30 14 1.414 -0.1 >100
8 50 4 30 14 1.367 0.3 ≤100
3 1 70 12 20 41 1.061 21.9 95
3 70 12 20 41 1.108 18.3 >100
4 70 12 20 41 1.097 22.0 >100
4 1 80 12 6 41 1.037 23.6 75
3 80 12 6 41 1.084 20.1 85
4 80 12 6 41 1.064 24.4 85
5 1 90 9 20 31 1.055 22.3 70
1 90 11 6 38 1.081 20.4 90
6 4 90 13 6 45 1.048 25.5 >100
6 90 13 6 45 1.139 14.2 >100
7 90 13 6 45 1.079 23.7 >100
8 90 13 6 45 1.123 18.1 >100
7 3 103 12 1 41 1.011 25.5 >100
4 103 12 1 41 1.036 26.3 >100
6 103 12 1 41 1.108 16.5 >100
7 103 12 1 41 1.145 18.9 >100
8 103 12 1 41 1.112 18.9 >100
8 1 90 4 6 14 1.362 -0.3 >100
3 90 4 6 14 1.369 -0.8 >100
4 90 4 6 14 1.409 -0.2 >100
6 90 4 6 14 1.330 -0.2 >100
7 90 4 6 14 1.418 -0.4 >100
8 90 4 6 14 1.373 -0.1 >100
9 9 55 4.5 6 16 1.444 0.2 75
10 10 105 4 6 14 1.347 -0.3 70
实施例1
取配方组成为编号1-8的PLA吸管样胚,放置在40℃模具容器中,注入4.5MPa的二氧化碳,恒温恒压浸泡6 min,以16MPa/s速度快速卸压,开模取出样品,在室温下冷却,得到PLA吸管产品。测试样品密度和耐温性,结果如表2所示。经二氧化碳处理后,样品密度几乎没有多少变化,样品外观形貌也没明显变化,但所有吸管都耐温>70℃,随配方不同可在75-90℃之间变化。
实施例2
取配方组成为编号1-8的PLA吸管样胚,放置在50℃模具容器中,注入4MPa的二氧化碳,恒温恒压浸泡30 min,以14MPa/s速度快速卸压,开模取出样品,在室温下冷却,得到PLA吸管产品。测试样品密度和耐温性,结果如表2所示。经二氧化碳处理后,样品密度几乎没有多少变化,样品外观形貌也没明显变化,但吸管的耐温性提高到了95-100℃,有些吸管耐温>100℃。
实施例3
取配方组成为编号1,3,4的PLA吸管样胚,放置在70℃模具容器中,注入12MPa的二氧化碳,恒温恒压浸泡20 min,以41MPa/s速度快速卸压,开模取出样品,在室温下冷却,得到PLA吸管产品。测试样品密度和耐温性,结果如表2所示。经过二氧化碳处理后,样品密度下降了18.3%到22%不等,吸管外观由半透明变成白色(已微孔发泡),配方编号1的吸管样品耐温≤95℃,配方编号3和4的吸管样品耐温>100℃。
实施例4
取配方组成为编号1,3,4的PLA吸管样胚,放置在80℃模具容器中,注入12MPa的二氧化碳,恒温恒压浸泡6 min,以41MPa/s速度快速卸压,开模取出样品,在室温下冷却,得到PLA吸管产品。测试样品密度和耐温性,结果如表2所示。经过二氧化碳处理后,样品密度下降了20.1%到24.4%不等,吸管外观由半透明变成白色(已微孔发泡),配方编号1的吸管样品耐温≤75℃,配方编号3和4的吸管样品耐温≤85℃。
实施例5
取配方组成为编号1的PLA吸管样胚,放置在90℃模具容器中,分别注入9MPa和11MPa的二氧化碳,恒温恒压分别浸泡20 min和6min,分别以31MPa/s和38MPa速度快速卸压,开模取出样品,在室温下冷却,得到PLA吸管产品。测试样品密度和耐温性,结果如表2所示。经过二氧化碳处理后,样品密度分别下降了22.3%和20.4%,吸管外观由半透明变成白色(已微孔发泡),吸管样品耐温分别为≤70℃和≤90℃。
实施例6
取配方组成为编号4,6-8的PLA吸管样胚,放置在90℃模具容器中,注入13MPa的二氧化碳,恒温恒压浸泡6 min,以45MPa/s速度快速卸压,开模取出样品,在室温下冷却,得到PLA吸管产品。测试样品密度和耐温性,结果如表2所示。经过二氧化碳处理后,样品密度下降了14.2%到25.5%不等,吸管外观由半透明变成白色(已微孔发泡),所有样品都耐温>100℃。
实施例7  
取配方组成为编号3,4,6-8的PLA吸管样胚,放置在103℃模具容器中,注入12MPa的二氧化碳,恒温恒压浸泡1 min,以41MPa/s速度快速卸压,开模取出样品,在室温下冷却,得到PLA吸管产品。测试样品密度和耐温性,结果如表2所示。经过二氧化碳处理后,样品密度下降了16.5%到26.3%不等,吸管外观由半透明变成白色(已微孔发泡),所有样品都耐温>100℃。
实施例8
取配方组成为编号1,3,4,6-8的PLA吸管样胚,放置在90℃模具容器中,注入4MPa的二氧化碳,恒温恒压浸泡6 min,以14MPa/s速度快速卸压,开模取出样品,在室温下冷却,得到PLA吸管产品。测试样品密度和耐温性,结果如表2所示。经过二氧化碳处理后,样品密度几乎没有变化,吸管外观由半透明变成微发白,所有样品都耐温>100℃。
实施例9 
取配方组成为编号9的PLA吸管样胚,放置在55℃模具容器中,注入4.5MPa的二氧化碳,恒温恒压浸泡6 min,以16MPa/s速度快速卸压,开模取出样品,在室温下冷却,得到PLA吸管产品。测试样品密度和耐温性,结果如表2所示。经过二氧化碳处理后,样品密度几乎没有变化,样品外观形貌也没明显变化,但样品耐温≤75℃。
实施例10  
取配方组成为编号10的PLA吸管样胚,放置在105℃模具容器中,注入4MPa的二氧化碳,恒温恒压浸泡6 min,以14MPa/s速度快速卸压,开模取出样品,在室温下冷却,得到PLA吸管产品。测试样品密度和耐温性,结果如表2所示。经过二氧化碳处理后,样品密度几乎没有变化,样品外观形貌也没明显变化,但样品耐温≤70℃。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种耐温PLA吸管的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
    (1)PLA吸管原料经挤出机拉管工艺制备得到吸管样胚,吸管样胚中含有未能完成结晶的PLA;
    (2)吸管样胚经过恒温恒压的二氧化碳浸泡处理,使吸管样胚中未结晶的PLA完成结晶,制备得到耐温性≥70℃的PLA吸管产品。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种耐温PLA吸管的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述二氧化碳浸泡的方式是:PLA吸管样胚放置在耐高温高压的可调温密闭容器中,所述密闭容器中注入二氧化碳,恒温保压浸泡。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种耐温PLA吸管的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中保压温度为40-105℃,保压压力为4-13MPa,保压时间为1-30min,泄压速度为5-45MPa/s。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种耐温PLA吸管的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二氧化碳为超临界二氧化碳流体或者亚临界二氧化碳流体。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种耐温PLA吸管的制备方法,其特征在于,通过调整配方和浸泡参数,可以获得不同耐温性的吸管产品,分别为:
    耐温吸管产品,耐温性≥70℃且<100℃中的任一温度;
    高耐温吸管产品,耐温性>100℃。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的一种耐温PLA吸管的制备方法,其特征在于,通过调整浸泡参数,可以获得低密度的吸管产品;所述保压压力≥9 MPa,泄压速度≥31 MPa/s;所获得吸管产品密度比吸管样胚密度降低5-30%。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种耐温PLA吸管的制备方法,其特征在于,优选的,所述保压压力≥12 MPa,泄压速度≥41 MPa/s。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种耐温PLA吸管的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中PLA吸管原料以质量计包括以下组分:
    主料30-80%
    辅料5-40%
    填料10-35%
    改性剂0-5%;
    所述主料为PLA;
    所述辅料为PBAT、PBS或PBAT与PBS的共混物;
    所述填料选自滑石粉、碳酸钙、二氧化硅、膨润土、咖啡渣粉和竹粉中的任一种或多种组合;
    所述改性剂选自成核剂、抗氧剂、抗静电剂、抗菌剂、色母、相容剂、增韧剂、润滑剂、脱模剂、扩链剂或交联剂中的任一种或多种组合。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种耐温PLA吸管的制备方法,其特征在于,所述PLA吸管原料使用经过挤出共混造粒工艺制备而成的粒料。
  10. 一种耐温PLA吸管,其特征在于,所述吸管为微发泡产品,所述吸管的密度相对于吸管样胚降低5-30%,所述吸管具有70℃以上的耐温性。
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