WO2023231250A1 - 一种牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜a型荚膜多糖疫苗及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜a型荚膜多糖疫苗及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2023231250A1
WO2023231250A1 PCT/CN2022/121942 CN2022121942W WO2023231250A1 WO 2023231250 A1 WO2023231250 A1 WO 2023231250A1 CN 2022121942 W CN2022121942 W CN 2022121942W WO 2023231250 A1 WO2023231250 A1 WO 2023231250A1
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capsular
pasteurella multocida
vaccine
capsular polysaccharide
bovine
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PCT/CN2022/121942
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English (en)
French (fr)
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金一兰
李化生
李晓艳
刘文香
韩四娥
金鹰
史文瑞
杨富贵
舒秋婷
乔煜婷
赵明治
赵丽霞
宋庆庆
李敏
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金宇保灵生物药品有限公司
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Publication of WO2023231250A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023231250A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/02—Bacterial antigens
    • A61K39/102—Pasteurellales, e.g. Actinobacillus, Pasteurella; Haemophilus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/39—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the immunostimulating additives, e.g. chemical adjuvants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
    • A61K2039/55511—Organic adjuvants
    • A61K2039/55566—Emulsions, e.g. Freund's adjuvant, MF59
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of veterinary vaccines, and specifically relates to a bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A capsular polysaccharide vaccine and a preparation method thereof.
  • Pasteurella multocida is a common pathogenic bacterium that can cause various diseases such as bovine hemorrhagic sepsis and calf pneumonia. Diseases caused by this bacterium are sporadic or endemic and are mainly characterized by high fever, pneumonia, acute gastroenteritis and widespread systemic bleeding. According to the different bacterial capsular antigens, Pm can be divided into five serotypes: A, B, D, E, and F. The immune cross-protection between each serotype is low.
  • Type A Pm mainly causes pneumonia in calves, with a mortality rate of up to 40%. It mainly causes respiratory system lesions. Diarrhea often occurs in the later stages, and the acute type turns into a chronic type. Cattle of any age may be infected with bovine pneumonia caused by type A PM.
  • the main sources of infection are carrier animals and sick cattle in the disease stage. Bad weather or seasonal changes may cause disease.
  • the route of infection is direct or indirect contact.
  • the incubation period of infection is about one week.
  • the main symptoms of the diseased cows are elevated body temperature, severe coughing, which worsens when the weather turns cold, and sticky nasal discharge.
  • bovine pneumonia was the respiratory tract and catarrhal inflammation of the upper respiratory tract mucosa; there were necrotic lesions in the lungs, swelling and bleeding of connective tissue sacs surrounding the diaphragm and bronchial lymph nodes; hemorrhage of the abomasal mucosa, and swelling and bleeding of the intestinal mucosa.
  • one aspect of the present invention provides a bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A capsular polysaccharide vaccine, which contains bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A.
  • Capsular polysaccharides and vaccine adjuvants
  • the vaccine adjuvant is a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant, including: 75wt%-85wt% injection oil, 1wt%-5wt% refined Siben-80 and 10wt%-24wt% refined Tween- 80; Refining refers to treating Siben-80 or Tween-80 with H 2 O 2 until the color no longer changes from dark to light, removing unreacted H 2 O 2 in the product and then filtering.
  • the concentration of the bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A capsular polysaccharide is 20-200 ⁇ g/ml.
  • the mass ratio of the bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A capsular polysaccharide to the vaccine adjuvant is (1-4):1, optionally (1-2):1 , further optionally 1:1.
  • the filtration during refining is to first use a filtration device with a filtration pore size of 0.40 ⁇ m-0.65 ⁇ m for rough filtration, and then use a filtration device with a filtration pore size of 0.10 ⁇ m-0.22 ⁇ m for fine filtration of the filtrate.
  • the injectable oil includes injectable mineral oil, injectable vegetable oil, or a combination thereof.
  • the injectable mineral oil includes white oil.
  • the white oil includes Marcol-52 white oil, Primol 352 white oil, Total130# white oil, Total150# white oil, Total170# white oil, Drakeol-5 white oil, Drakeol-7 white oil and Sonneborn 4# white oil, Sonneborn 10# white oil PARACOS KF40, PARACOS KF50, squalene, squalane.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A capsular polysaccharide vaccine, which includes combining the bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A capsular polysaccharide and the vaccine adjuvant according to the quality
  • the ratio is (1-4):1 mixed and emulsified, so that the concentration of the bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A capsular polysaccharide in the mixed solution is 20-200 ⁇ g/ml, and the bovine Pasteurella multocida is obtained.
  • Capsular type A capsular polysaccharide vaccine includes combining the bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A capsular polysaccharide and the vaccine adjuvant according to the quality
  • the ratio is (1-4):1 mixed and emulsified, so that the concentration of the bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A capsular polysaccharide in the mixed solution is 20-200 ⁇ g/ml, and
  • the method of obtaining the bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A capsular polysaccharide includes the following operations:
  • S1 Use lysozyme to enzymatically hydrolyze the culture medium of bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A, collect the supernatant after centrifugation, and obtain the lysate;
  • step S2 Add CTAB solution with a final concentration of 1%-10% to the lysate obtained in step S1, and centrifuge to obtain polysaccharide and protein precipitates;
  • step S3 Add CaCl 2 solution to the polysaccharide and protein precipitate obtained in step S2, mix well, and collect the supernatant after centrifugation;
  • step S4 Add absolute ethanol to the supernatant collected in step S3 to a final concentration of 10%-50%, and centrifuge overnight to collect the supernatant;
  • step S5 Add absolute ethanol to the supernatant collected in step S4 to a final concentration of 75%-85%, mix and centrifuge to collect the precipitate, and obtain bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A capsular polysaccharide.
  • the vaccine adjuvant is made from raw materials including the following components: 75wt%-85wt% injection oil, 1wt%-5wt% refined Siben-80, and 10wt%-24wt% refined Tween 80;
  • the refined Siben-80 is a product obtained by processing Siben-80 in the following manner:
  • the refined Tween-80 is a product obtained by processing Tween-80 in the following manner:
  • preparing the vaccine adjuvant includes:
  • T1 Heat the injection oil at 75wt%-85wt% by weight to 30°C-40°C;
  • T2 Add 1wt%-5wt% of refined Tween-80 and 10wt%-24wt% of refined Tween-80 to the heated injection oil in step T1, mix and filter to obtain Vaccine adjuvants.
  • the bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A capsular polysaccharide vaccine provided based on the above technical solution utilizes the bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A capsular polysaccharide and consists of refined Siben-80 and refined Tween- It is formulated with vaccine adjuvant made from 80% raw materials. Compared with vaccines formulated using existing aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvants, SEPPIC ISA206 vaccine adjuvants or oil adjuvants (for example, made from raw materials including Siben-80 and Tween-80), the invention provides The capsular polysaccharide vaccine can effectively prevent and control bovine fibrinous suppurative pneumonia caused by type A Pm, and has good safety. It can be used to provide safe and effective vaccines for healthy susceptible calves, healthy pregnant cows, and healthy lactating cows. protective effect.
  • the present invention aims to provide a vaccine that can effectively prevent and control bovine fibrinous suppurative pneumonia caused by type A Pm.
  • a capsular polysaccharide vaccine for bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A, and a preparation method of the capsular polysaccharide vaccine is provided.
  • Example 1 Fermentation culture of Pasteurella bovis capsular type A (strain provided by Jinyu Baoling Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and extraction of capsular polysaccharide
  • Pasteurella bovis capsular type A was inoculated into 4 ml of Martin broth liquid culture medium and cultured on a shaking table at 37°C for 13 hours. After the culture is completed, shake the bacterial solution evenly, draw 3 or 4 areas on a Martin agar plate, and culture in a 37°C greenhouse for 13 hours. Under a fluorescence microscope, select 3-5 colonies with good fluorescence and different colony sizes, dilute them in 3 ml of PBS solution, pour them onto the slant of a square bottle of Martin's blood, spread them evenly, and cultivate them in a 37°C greenhouse for 13 hours.
  • Enzymatic bacterial solution Add lysozyme to the bacterial solution obtained in step 1.1, with a final concentration of 100-500 ⁇ g/ml, a temperature of 20-25°C, and a reaction of 20-30 minutes.
  • Capsular polysaccharide extraction Again add pre-cooled (4°C) absolute ethanol to the supernatant collected in step 1.2.5 to a final concentration of 80%, and mix thoroughly. After the bacterial capsule polysaccharide is fully analyzed at room temperature, centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 30 min to collect the precipitate. The precipitate was washed repeatedly with absolute ethanol 3-5 times. Freeze-dry and preserve at -80°C to obtain Pasteurella bovis capsular type A capsular polysaccharide for later use.
  • capsular polysaccharide sample extracted in step 1.2 Take a certain amount of the capsular polysaccharide sample extracted in step 1.2 and return it to room temperature, dissolve it in 2 ml of sterilized deionized water to obtain a capsular polysaccharide solution, then add 1 ml of 2%-10% phenol solution and 5 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid, and shake well. Leave it at room temperature for 40 minutes and observe the color change of the mixed solution. Set 2 ml of purified water as a blank control, and measure the absorbance value at a wavelength of 490 nm. Pipette 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4ml of standard glucose (sucrose) solution respectively, and add water to make up to 2ml each.
  • Example 2 Preparation of vaccine adjuvant and preparation of bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A capsular polysaccharide vaccine
  • This example prepares a water-in-oil-in-water adjuvant as a vaccine adjuvant, and uses the vaccine adjuvant and the antigen solution of bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A capsular polysaccharide (the pod obtained in Example 1
  • the membrane polysaccharide is obtained by dissolving the membrane polysaccharide in sterilized deionized water) and the bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A capsular polysaccharide vaccine is formulated according to the mass ratio of antigen to adjuvant of 1:1.
  • the preparation of vaccine adjuvants includes the following steps:
  • step S2 Add 3wt% of refined Siben-80 and 17wt% of refined Tween-80 to the heated injection oil in step S1, mix well and then filter (for example, use a 0.22 ⁇ m filter membrane) Filtration) to obtain the vaccine adjuvant.
  • filter for example, use a 0.22 ⁇ m filter membrane
  • step S2 The refined Siben-80 described in step S2 is obtained in the following way:
  • the refined Tween-80 described in step S2 is obtained by:
  • Tween-80 purchased from Guangzhou Qiao Linger Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
  • Tween-80 put it into a stainless steel reaction kettle, start stirring until evenly stirred, then add nitrogen to reduce the pressure and raise the temperature to 80 ⁇ 5°C/700mmHg, and the kettle
  • the internal pressure is 0.15-0.25MPa, slowly add H 2 O 2 , in order to control the amount of H 2 O 2 added, measure a small amount of H 2 O 2 , connect the vacuum pump and slowly drip it in, and observe the color change of Tween-80 in the reaction kettle. When the color changes from deep to light, stop adding H 2 O 2 and keep the reaction time for 10-15 minutes.
  • the preparation method of bovine Pasteurella capsular type A capsular polysaccharide vaccine includes the following steps:
  • Example 1 Take the capsular polysaccharide obtained in Example 1, add sterile deionized water to dissolve it, and stir at low speed for 5 minutes to obtain a capsular polysaccharide antigen solution. Then combine the capsular polysaccharide antigen solution with the vaccine adjuvant prepared in step 2.1 above according to The antigen (capsular polysaccharide) and the vaccine adjuvant are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1, stir thoroughly for 15-20 minutes, and mix thoroughly to obtain Pasteurella bovis capsular type A capsular polysaccharide vaccine, so that the prepared vaccine contains The concentration of bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A capsular polysaccharide antigen is between 20-200 ⁇ g/ml. The three batches of bovine Pasteurella multocida type A capsular polysaccharide vaccine obtained were named A21001P, A21002P, A21003P.
  • control vaccines 1-3 of Pasteurella bovis capsular type A capsular polysaccharide vaccines were also simultaneously prepared. They were prepared according to the steps of preparing the Pasteurella bovis capsular type A capsular polysaccharide vaccine in step 2.2 above. , the only difference lies in the vaccine adjuvants used, specifically:
  • the raw materials of the vaccine adjuvant used in the control vaccine 1 are: 80wt% Marcol-52 white oil, 3wt% Spon-80 and 17wt% Tween-80, which are prepared according to the method of step 2.1 above;
  • the vaccine adjuvant used in control vaccine 2 is aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvant
  • the vaccine adjuvant used in Control Vaccine 3 is SEPPIC ISA206 vaccine adjuvant.
  • the three batches of vaccines (A21001P, A21002P, A21003P) prepared in 2.2 and the control vaccines 1-3 were tested for sterility and showed sterile growth.
  • the product After passing the above-mentioned sterility test, quantitatively distribute the product. During the dispensing period, the product should be stirred at any time to make it evenly mixed, sealed with a stopper, and labeled. Store at 2-8°C.
  • Example 3 Efficacy test of Pasteurella bovis capsular type A capsular polysaccharide vaccine
  • the bovine Pasteurella multocida type A capsular polysaccharide vaccine prepared in Example 2 (vaccine batch numbers are: A21001P, A21002P, A21003P) was used to conduct efficacy tests on SPF mice and healthy susceptible cattle. And the control vaccines 1-3 prepared in Example 2 were used as controls.
  • the experiment was divided into two groups, namely the second immunization group and the third immunization group.
  • Each vaccine in the second immunization group and the third immunization group was set up with 8 challenge dose groups; each group was randomly divided into 5 SPF mice (experimental SPF mice), the vaccine obtained in the above Example 2 was inoculated into SPF mice at a dose of 0.2 ml/mouse through the inner thigh muscles, and sterilized PBS was inoculated into the blank control group SPF mice according to the same method.
  • the SPF mice in each group of the second immunization group were given a second immunization on 21 days after the first vaccination, and 7 days after the second immunization, they were challenged with bovine Pasteurella multocida type A bacteria; the SPF mice in each group of the three immunization groups were administered on The second vaccination was carried out 21 days after the first vaccination, the third vaccination was carried out 7 days after the second vaccination, and the bovine Pasteurella multocida type A challenge was carried out 7 days later. After the second immune challenge and the third immune challenge, SPF mice in each group were observed continuously for 10 days. The results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2 below.
  • Table 1 Immunity test results of challenge efficacy of each group of SPF mice in the second immunization group after the second immunization
  • control vaccine 1 and control vaccine 3 can achieve 5/5 only when the number of challenging bacteria of bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A is less than 500CFU/animal immune protection effect.
  • control vaccine 1 and control vaccine 3 cannot provide effective immune protection (the protection rates are both 3/5 or less); for the control vaccine 2, the immune protection effect of 5/5 can only be achieved when the number of challenging bacteria of bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A is less than 100CFU/animal.
  • the number of bacteria is more than 500CFU/bacteria, it cannot provide effective immune protection (the protection rate is below 3/5).
  • control vaccine 1 can achieve a protective effect of more than 4/5 only when the number of challenging bacteria of bovine Pasteurella multocida capsular type A is less than 5000 CFU/bird;
  • the control vaccine 3 cannot provide effective immune protection (the protection rate is less than 3/5); while for the control vaccine 2, only when there are many cattle Effective immune protection can only be provided when the number of challenging bacteria of the pasteurella capsular type A is less than 500CFU/bacteria (the protection rate is above 4/5).
  • the bovine Pasteurella multocida type A capsular polysaccharide vaccine prepared by the present invention can immunize SPF mice after inoculating SPF mice when the number of challenging bacteria does not exceed 10,000 CFU/mouse.
  • the effective protection of the challenge strain (protection rate is 4/5 or above), and compared with the control vaccines 1-3, the bovine Pasteurella multocida type A capsular polysaccharide vaccine provided by the present invention has a better immune effect, and the immunity The protection effect is stable.
  • the observation test The clinical symptoms of cattle and blank control cattle were measured at the same time every day. On the 10th day after the challenge, the test cattle and blank control cattle were necropsied, the pathological changes in the lungs were observed and recorded, and the onset and protection of the cattle were analyzed and determined. The test results are shown in Table 3 below.
  • bovine Pasteurella capsular type A capsular polysaccharide vaccines capsule polysaccharide vaccines A-D
  • three batches of bovine Pasteurella multocida type A capsular polysaccharide vaccines (vaccine batch numbers are: A21001P, A21002P, A21003P) have similar immune protection effects, that is, they can all enable immune cattle to obtain effective protection against challenging strains. And the immune effect is stable:
  • Capsular polysaccharide vaccine A Obtained according to the operation steps 2.2 in the above Example 2, the only difference is that the raw materials of the vaccine adjuvant used are: 75wt% Marcol-52 white oil, 1wt% refined Siben-80 and 24wt% refined Tween-80;
  • Capsular polysaccharide vaccine B Obtained according to the operation steps 2.2 in the above Example 2, the only difference is that the raw materials of the vaccine adjuvant used are: 85wt% Marcol-52 white oil, 5wt% refined Siben-80 and 10wt% refined Tween-80;
  • Capsular polysaccharide vaccine C Obtained according to the operation steps 2.2 in the above-mentioned Example 2, the only difference is that the mass ratio of capsular polysaccharide and vaccine adjuvant in the prepared capsular polysaccharide vaccine is 4:1;
  • Capsular polysaccharide vaccine D Obtained according to the operation steps 2.2 in Example 2 above, the only difference is that the mass ratio of capsular polysaccharide to vaccine adjuvant in the prepared capsular polysaccharide vaccine is 2:1.
  • the bovine Pasteurella capsular type A capsular polysaccharide vaccine provided by the present invention can include raw materials of 75wt%-85wt% injection oil, 1wt%-5wt% refined Siben-80 and 10wt%- 24wt% of the vaccine adjuvant of refined Tween-80 and the Pasteurella bovis capsular type A capsular polysaccharide as the antigen, wherein the mass ratio of the Pasteurella bovis capsular type A capsular polysaccharide to the vaccine adjuvant can be ( 1-4): 1 (usually the concentration of the antigen in the capsular polysaccharide vaccine is 20-200 ⁇ g/ml), which can enable the immune cattle to obtain effective protection against the challenge strain, and the immune effect is stable.
  • the bovine Pasteurella multocida type A capsular polysaccharide vaccine prepared in Example 2 (vaccine batch numbers are: A21001P, A21002P, A21003P) was used to conduct safety tests on SPF mice and healthy susceptible cattle.
  • SPF mice Fifteen SPF mice (18-22g) were randomly divided into 3 groups as test animals, with 5 mice in each group.
  • the 3 batches of vaccines were subcutaneously inoculated into 3 groups of test mice with an overdose of 0.4ml/mouse; Set up a group of mice with the same conditions and inoculate sterilized PBS according to the same method as a control. Observe the clinical manifestations of test mice and control mice for 14 days. The observation results are shown in Table 4 below.
  • mice 12 healthy susceptible calves (1-6 months old), 12 healthy lactating cows (6-12 months old), and 12 healthy pregnant cows (6-12 months old) were used as experimental cattle.
  • each type of cattle was randomly divided into 3 groups, with 4 animals in each group.
  • the 3 batches of vaccine were inoculated into the test cattle through the neck muscles with a single dose of 2.0ml (1 head), and 3 healthy animals with the same conditions were set up.
  • Susceptible cattle were inoculated with sterilized PBS according to the same method as a control.
  • the clinical manifestations of the test and control cows were observed 2 days before vaccination and within 15 days after vaccination, and the body temperature was measured at the same time every day, and the milk production of healthy milk-producing cows was monitored. The results are shown in Table 5-8 below.
  • test cows and control cows in 4.2 above were vaccinated again in the same way on the 15th day after vaccination.
  • the clinical manifestations of the test cows and control cows were observed 2 days before the second vaccination and within 15 days after vaccination.
  • body temperature is measured and the milk production of healthy milk-producing cows is monitored. The results are shown in Table 9-12 below.

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Abstract

本发明公开一种牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗及其制备方法，属于兽用疫苗技术领域。提供的荚膜多糖疫苗由牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖和由包括精制司本？80和精制吐温？80的原料制成的疫苗佐剂配制而成，该荚膜多糖疫苗能够有效防控A型Pm引起的牛纤维素性化脓性肺炎，并且具有良好的安全性，可以用于为健康易感犊牛、健康孕期母牛以及健康产奶奶牛提供安全有效的防护作用。

Description

一种牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于兽用疫苗技术领域，具体涉及一种牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗及其制备方法。
背景技术
多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pasteurella multocida，Pm)是一种常见的病原菌，可引起牛出血性败血症、犊牛肺炎等多种疾病。由该菌引起的疾病呈散发或地方流行性，主要以高热、肺炎、急性胃肠炎和全身广泛出血为主要特征。根据菌体荚膜抗原的不同可将Pm分为A、B、D、E、F五种血清型，各血清型间免疫交叉保护性低。
A型Pm主要引发犊牛肺炎，死亡率高达40％，主要引起呼吸***病变，后期常发生腹泻，急性型耐过转变为慢性型。任何年龄阶段的牛都可能感染A型Pm引起的牛肺炎，其传染源主要是带菌动物和处于疾病阶段的病牛，恶劣天气或季节更替都有可能引发疾病，传染途径是直接或间接接触，传染发病潜伏期约一周。病牛发病症状主要表现为体温升高，剧烈咳嗽，天气转冷时加剧，有鼻液流出呈粘稠状。通过剖解发现牛肺炎主要病变部位为呼吸道，上呼吸道黏膜卡他性炎症；肺内有坏死灶，有***囊包围膈和支气管***肿胀、出血；真胃黏膜出血、肠道黏膜肿胀、出血。
目前为止，接种疫苗仍然是防治牛巴氏杆菌引起的肺炎疾病的最好的方法，但目前我国牛群所使用的疫苗大多数是针对B型Pm，尚没有能有效防控A型Pm引起的牛纤维素性化脓性肺炎的疫苗产品，因此研发针对A型Pm的疫苗产品迫在眉睫。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的一个或多个问题，本发明的一个方面提供一种牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗，其包含牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖和疫苗佐剂；
其中所述疫苗佐剂为水包油包水乳化佐剂，包括：75wt％-85wt％的注射用油、1wt％-5wt％的精制司本-80和10wt％-24wt％的精制吐温-80；其中精制是指用H 2O 2对司本-80或吐温-80进行处理至其颜色由深至浅不再变化时，去除产物中未反应的H 2O 2后再进行过滤。
在一些实施方式中，所述牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖的浓度为20-200μg/ml。
在一些实施方式中，所述牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖与所述疫苗佐剂的质量比为(1-4)∶1，可选为(1-2)∶1，进一步可选为1∶1。
在一些实施方式中，所述精制中过滤为首先使用过滤孔径为0.40μm-0.65μm的过滤装置进行粗滤，滤液再使用过滤孔径为0.10μm-0.22μm的过滤装置进行精滤。
在一些实施方式中，所述注射用油包括注射用矿物油、注射用植物油、或其组合。
在一些实施方式中，所述注射用矿物油包括白油。
在一些实施方式中，所述白油包括Marcol-52白油、Primol 352白油、Total130#白油、Total150#白油、Total170#白油、Drakeol-5白油、Drakeol-7白油和Sonneborn 4#白油、Sonneborn 10#白油PARACOS KF40、PARACOS KF50、角鲨烯、角鲨烷。
本发明另一方面提供一种牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗的制备方法，其包括将牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖与疫苗佐剂按照质量比为(1-4)∶1混合乳化，使所述牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖在混合液中的浓度为20-200μg/ml，得到牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗。
在一些实施方式中，获得所述牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖的方式包括以下操作：
S1：使用溶菌酶酶解牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型菌培养液，离心后收集上清，获得裂解液；
S2：向步骤S1获得的裂解液中加入终浓度为1％-10％的CTAB溶液，离心获得多糖和蛋白沉淀；
S3：向步骤S2获得的多糖和蛋白沉淀中加入CaCl 2溶液混匀，离心后收集上清；
S4：向步骤S3收集的上清中加入无水乙醇至终浓度为10％-50％，过夜后离心收集上清；
S5：向步骤S4收集的上清中加入无水乙醇至终浓度为75％-85％，混匀后离心收集沉淀，获得牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖。
在一些实施方式中，所述疫苗佐剂由包括以下组分的原料制成：75wt％-85wt％的注射用油、1wt％-5wt％的精制司本-80和10wt％-24wt％的精制吐温-80；
所述精制司本-80为通过以下方式对司本-80进行处理获得的产物：
1)使用H 2O 2对司本-80进行处理，使所述司本-80的颜色由深至浅变化，待所述司本-80的颜色不再变化时，得到第一处理产物；
2)去除所述第一处理产物中未反应的H 2O 2，得到第二处理产物；
3)对所述第二处理产物进行过滤，得到所述精制司本-80；
所述精制吐温-80为通过以下方式对吐温-80进行处理获得的产物：
(1)使用H 2O 2对吐温-80进行处理，使所述吐温-80的颜色由深至浅变化，待所述吐温-80的颜色不再变化时，得到第三处理产物；
(2)去除所述第三处理产物中未反应的H 2O 2，得到第四处理产物；
(3)对所述第四处理产物进行过滤，得到所述精制吐温-80。
在一些实施方式中，制备所述疫苗佐剂的操作包括：
T1：将按照重量百分比计为75wt％-85wt％的注射用油加热至30℃-40℃；
T2：将按照重量百分比计为1wt％-5wt％的精制司本-80和10wt％-24wt％的精制吐温-80加入步骤T1中加热后的注射用油中，混匀后经过滤处理得到疫苗佐剂。
基于以上技术方案提供的牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗，利用牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖和由包括精制司本-80和精制吐温-80的原料制成的疫苗佐剂配制而成。相对于利用现有的氢氧化铝胶佐剂、SEPPIC ISA206疫苗佐剂或油佐剂(例如由包括司本-80和吐温-80的原料制成)配制而成的疫苗，本发明提供的荚膜多糖疫苗能够有效防控A型Pm引起的牛纤维素性化脓性肺炎，并且具有良好的安全性，可以用于为健康易感犊牛、健康孕期母牛以及健康产奶奶牛等提供安全有效的防护作用。
具体实施方式
针对现有技术中还没有可以有效防控A型Pm引起的牛纤维素性化脓性肺炎的疫苗的缺陷，本发明旨在提供一种能够有效防控A型Pm引起的牛纤维素性化脓性肺炎的牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗，并提供了该荚膜多糖疫苗的制备方法。
通过以下具体实施例详细说明本发明。文中术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”和“第四”等适用于区分类似的对象，不作为特定顺序或先后次序的限定，也不作为对象个数的限定。
下述实施例中所用方法如无特别说明均为常规方法。实施例中描述到的各种生物材料的取得途径仅是提供一种实验获取的途径以达到具体公开的目的，不应成为对本发明生物材料来源的限制。事实上，所用到的生物材料的来源是广泛的，任何不违反法律和道德伦理能够获取的生物材料都可以按照实施例中的提示替换使用。
实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，实施例将有助于理解本发明，但不应作为对本发明内容的限制。
实施例1：牛巴氏杆菌荚膜A型菌(菌种由金宇保灵生物药品有限公司提供)发酵培养和荚膜多糖的提取
1.1、牛巴氏杆菌荚膜A型菌发酵培养
将牛巴氏杆菌荚膜A型菌接种于4ml马丁肉汤液体培养基中，于37℃，摇床培养13小时。培养完成后将菌液摇匀，分3或4个区域划线于马丁琼脂平板上，37℃温室培养13小时。在荧光显微镜下，挑选荧光好，菌落大小有差异的菌落3-5个，稀释于3ml PBS液中，倾倒于方瓶马丁血斜面上，均匀铺平，37℃温室培养13小时。向每块血平板中加入100ml(生理盐水)/PBS液缓冲液，反复吹打，刮取平板表面的细菌，用饱和磷酸氢二钾调pH 5.0～6.0之间。菌液培养完成后，取样按2015版《中国兽药典》附录进行纯粹检验，应纯粹。
1.2、荚膜多糖提取
1.2.1酶解菌液：向步骤1.1获得的菌液中加入溶菌酶，终浓度为100-500μg/ml，温度20-25℃，反应20-30min。
1.2.2收集裂解菌液，8000rpm离心30min，收集上清。
1.2.3沉淀多糖和蛋白：向步骤1.2.2收集的上清中加入5％-30％CTAB溶液至终浓度为1％-10％，充分混匀静置待形成沉淀，8000rpm离心30min，收集沉淀。
1.2.4去除蛋白质：向步骤1.2.3收集的沉淀中加入终浓度为1mol/L的CaCl 2溶液，于摇床振摇1h后，8000rpm离心30min，收集上清。
1.2.5去除核酸：向步骤1.2.4收集的上清中加入无水乙醇至终浓度为10％-50％，4℃过夜。8000rpm离心30min，收集上清。
1.2.6荚膜多糖提取：再次向步骤1.2.5收集的上清中加入预冷(4℃)无水乙醇至终浓度80％，充分混匀。常温下待细菌荚膜多糖充分析出，8000rpm离心30min，收集沉淀。沉淀使用无水乙醇反复洗涤3-5次。-80℃冷冻干燥保存，获得牛巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖，备用。
1.3、荚膜多糖定量-苯酚-浓硫酸法
取一定量步骤1.2提取的荚膜多糖样本恢复至室温，溶于2ml灭菌去离子水中，得到荚膜多糖溶液，然后再加入1ml的2％-10％苯酚溶液和5ml浓硫酸，摇匀。室温放置40min，观察混合溶液的颜色变化。把2ml纯化水设为空白对照，在波长490nm处测定吸光度值。分别吸取标准葡萄糖(蔗糖)溶液0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2、1.4ml，各加水补至2ml。分别加入1ml的6％苯酚溶液、5ml浓硫酸，静置10min，摇匀，室温放置20min。把2ml纯化水设为空白对照，在波长490nm处测定吸光度值。经过标准曲线的换算，计算出提取的荚膜多糖样本中多糖的含量。
实施例2：疫苗佐剂的制备和牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗的制备
该实施例制备一种水包油包水型佐剂作为疫苗佐剂，并利用该疫苗佐剂和牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖的抗原液(将实施例1获得的荚膜多糖溶于灭菌去离子水中获得)按照抗原与佐剂的质量比为1∶1配制成牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗。
2.1、疫苗佐剂的制备包括以下步骤：
S1：将按照重量百分比计为80wt％的Marcol-52白油加热至35℃；
S2：将按照重量百分比计为3wt％的精制司本-80和17wt％的精制吐温-80加入步骤S1中加热后的注射用油中，混匀后经过滤处理(例如用0.22μm滤膜过滤)得到疫苗佐剂。其中：
步骤S2中所述精制司本-80通过以下方式获得：
1)称取司本-80(购自广州俏灵儿生物科技有限公司)，投入不锈钢反应釜内，开启搅拌至均匀搅拌，随后通入氮气减压升温至80±5℃/700mmHg，釜内压力0.15-0.25MPa，缓慢加入H 2O 2，为控制H 2O 2的添加量，量取少量H 2O 2，连接真空泵缓慢滴入，观察反应釜内司本-80颜色的变化，颜色由深入浅变化时，停止加入H 2O 2，保持反应时间10-15min。
2)待反应釜内司本-80颜色不再变化，且呈微黄澄清透明状时，将反应釜升温至110±5℃，抽真空脱水，将未反应的过量H 2O 2抽出反应釜，抽真空脱水时间3-5min。
3)停止抽真空，继续通入氮气保压降温，出料。出料连接0.40μm-0.65μm过滤装置，对料液进行粗滤除去未反应物，然后将滤液转接到无菌环境内，再次用0.10μm-0.22μm滤膜过滤除菌得到精制司本-80。
步骤S2中所述精制吐温-80通过以下方式获得：
(1)称取吐温-80(购自广州俏灵儿生物科技有限公司)，投入不锈钢反应釜内，开启搅拌至均匀搅拌，随后通入氮气减压升温至80±5℃/700mmHg，釜内压力0.15-0.25MPa，缓慢加入H 2O 2，为控制H 2O 2的添加量，量取少量H 2O 2，连接真空泵缓慢滴入，观察反应釜内吐温-80颜色的变化，颜色由深入浅变化时，停止加入H 2O 2，保持反应时间10-15min。
(2)待反应釜内吐温-80颜色不再变化，且呈微黄澄清透明状时，将反应釜升温至110±5℃，抽真空脱水，将未反应的过量H 2O 2抽出反应釜，抽真空脱水时间3-5min。
(3)停止抽真空，继续通入氮气保压降温，出料。出料连接0.40μm-0.65μm过滤装置，对料液进行粗滤除去未反应物，然后将滤液转接到无菌环境内，再次用0.10μm-0.22μm滤膜过滤除菌得到精制吐温-80。
2.2、牛巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗的制备方法包括以下步骤：
取实施例1获得的荚膜多糖，向其中加入灭菌去离子水溶解，低速搅拌5分钟，获得荚膜多糖抗原液，再将该荚膜多糖抗原液与上述步骤2.1制备的疫苗佐剂按照抗原(荚膜多糖)与疫苗佐剂质量比为1∶1混合，充分搅拌15-20分钟，使其充分混合，得到牛巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗，使得制备得到的疫苗中牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖抗原浓度在20-200μg/ml之间，其中将获得的三批次牛多杀性巴氏杆菌A型荚膜多糖疫苗分别命名为A21001P、A21002P、A21003P。
该实施例中还同步制备了以下对照疫苗1-3的牛巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗，它们按照上述步骤2.2制备牛巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗的步骤制备获得，不同之处仅在于使用的疫苗佐剂不同，具体地：
对照疫苗1使用的疫苗佐剂的原料为：80wt％的Marcol-52白油、3wt％的司本-80和17wt％的吐温-80，其按照上述步骤2.1的方法制备获得；
对照疫苗2使用的疫苗佐剂为氢氧化铝胶佐剂；
对照疫苗3使用的疫苗佐剂为SEPPIC ISA206疫苗佐剂。
2.3.半成品检验
按2015版《中国兽药典》附录对2.2制备的三批次疫苗(A21001P、A21002P、A21003P)以及对照疫苗1-3进行无菌检验，无菌生长。
2.4.分装
经上述无菌检验合格后，定量分装，分装期间应随时搅拌，使其混合均匀，加塞密封，并粘贴标签。置2～8℃保存。
实施例3：牛巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗的效力试验
采用实施例2中制备的牛多杀性巴氏杆菌A型荚膜多糖疫苗(疫苗批号为：A21001P、A21002P、A21003P)在SPF小鼠和健康易感牛上进行效力试验。并利用实施例2中制备的对照疫苗1-3作为对照。
3.1、SPF小鼠效力试验
试验分为两组，即二免组和三免组，二免组和三免组中每一种疫苗均设置8个攻毒剂量组；每组均随机分5只SPF小鼠(实验用SPF小鼠)，将上述实施例2获得的疫苗分别以0.2ml/只剂量通过大腿内测肌肉接种SPF小鼠，按照相同的方法接种灭菌PBS至空白对照组SPF小鼠。二免组中各组SPF小鼠于第一次接种后21日，进行二免，二免7日后进行牛多杀性巴氏杆菌A型菌攻毒；三免组中各组SPF小鼠于第一次接种后21日，进行二免，二免7日后进行第三次免疫，7日后进行牛多杀性巴氏杆菌A型菌攻毒。二免攻毒和三免攻毒后对各组SPF小鼠均连续观察10日。结果如下表1和表2所示。
表1：二免组中各组SPF小鼠于二免后攻毒效力免疫试验结果
Figure PCTCN2022121942-appb-000001
表2：三免组中各组SPF小鼠于二免后攻毒效力免疫试验结果
Figure PCTCN2022121942-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2022121942-appb-000003
由上表1和表2记载的结果可知，当攻毒菌数超过50CFU/只时，空白对照组中各SPF小鼠均发病，试验成立。在二免组和三免组中，当牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型的攻毒菌数为5000CFU/只以下时，本发明提供的三个批次的牛多杀性巴氏杆菌A型荚膜多糖疫苗(疫苗批号为：A21001P、A21002P、A21003P)均表现出5/5的免疫保护效果，当牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型的攻毒菌数高达10000CFU/只时，本发明提供的三个批次的牛多杀性巴氏杆菌A型荚膜多糖疫苗仍能提供4/5的免疫保护效果。在三免组中，当牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型的攻毒菌数高达20000CFU/只时，本发明提供的三个批次的牛多杀性巴氏杆菌A型荚膜多糖疫苗仍能提供4/5的免疫保护效果。作为对照，在二免组和三免组中，仅当牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型的攻毒菌数为500CFU/只以下时，对照疫苗1和对照疫苗3才能实现5/5的免疫保护效果。在二免组中，当牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型的攻毒菌数为5000CFU/只以上时，对照疫苗1和对照疫苗3便不能提供有效的免疫保护效果(保护率均为3/5以下)；而对于对照疫苗2，仅当牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型的攻毒菌数为100CFU/只以下时，才能实现5/5的免疫保护效果，在攻毒菌数为500CFU/只以上时，不能提供有效的免疫保护效果(保护率均为3/5以下)。在三免组中，仅当牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型的攻毒菌数为5000CFU/只以下时，对照疫苗1才能实现4/5以上的保护效果；当牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型的攻毒菌数为5000CFU/只以上时，对照疫苗3便不能提供有效的免疫保护效果(保护率均为3/5以下)；而对于对照疫苗2，仅当牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型的攻毒菌数为500CFU/只以下时，才能提供有效的免疫保护效果(保护率在4/5以上)。
以上结果表明本发明制备的牛多杀性巴氏杆菌A型荚膜多糖疫苗在接种SPF小鼠后，在攻毒菌数不超过10000CFU/只的情况下，均能使免疫SPF小鼠获得对攻毒菌株的有效保护(保护率为4/5以上)，并且相对于对照疫苗1-3，本发明提供的牛多杀性巴氏杆菌A型荚膜多糖疫苗的免疫效果更好，且免疫保护效果稳定。
3.2、本动物(指牛多杀性巴氏杆菌的易感动物)效力试验
将24头健康易感牛(4-6月龄)作为试验牛随机分组，每组4头，将上述3个批次的疫苗(A21001P、A21002P、A21003P)，以及对照疫苗1-3分别以1头份(2.0ml)剂量通过颈部肌肉接种一组试验牛，另设条件相同的3头健康易感牛，按照相同的方法接种灭菌PBS作为空白对照。接种后21日进行二免，二免后14天对24头试验牛和3头空白对照牛进行牛多杀性巴氏杆菌攻毒(5×109CFU/头)，随后连续观察10日，观察试验牛和空白对照牛临床症状，每日同一时间测量体温，攻毒后第10日，对试验牛及空白对照牛剖检，观察并记录肺部病理变化，分析判定牛的发病和保护情况。试验结果见下表3。
表3：本动物效力试验结果
Figure PCTCN2022121942-appb-000004
注：“-”表示该项未出现对应的症状，“+”表示该项出现对应的症状。
上表3结果显示：对空白对照组牛进行牛多杀性巴氏杆菌攻毒后，该组中3头牛均发病，试验成立。对试验牛进行牛多杀性巴氏杆菌攻毒后，A21003批次疫苗均表现出4/4的免疫保护效果，A21001和A21002表现出3/4的免疫保护效果，而对照疫苗1和对照疫苗3均表现出2/4的免疫保护效果，对照疫苗2表现出1/4的免疫保护效果。以上结果表明，本发明提供的荚膜多糖疫苗在接种牛后，均能使免疫牛获得对攻毒菌株的有效保护，并且该荚膜多糖疫苗免疫效果稳定。
试验中还验证了以下牛巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗(荚膜多糖疫苗A-D)对SPF小鼠和本动物健康易感牛的免疫保护效力，均能实现与上述3.1和3.2中三个批次的牛多杀性巴氏杆菌A型荚膜多糖疫苗(疫苗批号为：A21001P、A21002P、A21003P)类似的免疫保护效果，即均能使免疫牛获得对攻毒菌株的有效保护，并且免疫效果稳定：
荚膜多糖疫苗A：按照上述实施例2中2.2的操作步骤获得，不同之处仅在于使用的疫 苗佐剂的原料为：75wt％的Marcol-52白油、1wt％的精制司本-80和24wt％的精制吐温-80；
荚膜多糖疫苗B：按照上述实施例2中2.2的操作步骤获得，不同之处仅在于使用的疫苗佐剂的原料为：85wt％的Marcol-52白油、5wt％的精制司本-80和10wt％的精制吐温-80；
荚膜多糖疫苗C：按照上述实施例2中2.2的操作步骤获得，不同之处仅在于制备得到的荚膜多糖疫苗中荚膜多糖与疫苗佐剂的质量比为4∶1；
荚膜多糖疫苗D：按照上述实施例2中2.2的操作步骤获得，不同之处仅在于制备得到的荚膜多糖疫苗中荚膜多糖与疫苗佐剂的质量比为2∶1。
综上所述，本发明提供的牛巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗可包括原料为75wt％-85wt％的注射用油、1wt％-5wt％的精制司本-80和10wt％-24wt％的精制吐温-80的疫苗佐剂和作为抗原的牛巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖，其中牛巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖与疫苗佐剂的质量比可为(1-4)∶1(通常情况下使得荚膜多糖疫苗中抗原的浓度为20-200μg/ml)，均能使免疫牛获得对攻毒菌株的有效保护，并且免疫效果稳定。
实施例4：牛巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗的安全性试验
采用实施例2中制备的牛多杀性巴氏杆菌A型荚膜多糖疫苗(疫苗批号为：A21001P、A21002P、A21003P)在SPF小鼠和健康易感牛上进行安全性试验。
4.1、SPF小鼠一次超剂量接种的安全性试验
将15只SPF小鼠(18-22g)作为试验动物随机分成3组，每组5只，分别将3个批次疫苗以一次超剂量0.4ml/只，通过皮下接种3组试验小鼠；另设条件相同的1组小鼠，按照相同的方法接种灭菌PBS作为对照。观察试验鼠和对照鼠临床表现，观察14日。观察结果见下表4。
表4：一次超剂量接种的安全性试验观察结果
Figure PCTCN2022121942-appb-000005
由表4记载的结果可知，三批次疫苗以一次超剂量接种后，观察期内试验小鼠的呼吸情况、精神状态、食欲等均正常，注射部位未见红肿及溃烂，试验小鼠与对照小鼠没有明显差异，初步证明本发明提供的牛多杀性巴氏杆菌A型荚膜多糖疫苗的安全性。
4.2、本动物单剂量接种的安全性试验
将12头健康易感犊牛(1-6月龄)、12头健康产奶奶牛(6～12月龄)、12头健康孕期母牛(6～12月龄)这三类牛作为试验牛，每类牛均随机分成3组，每组4头，将3个批次的疫苗分别以一次单剂量2.0ml(1头份)通过颈部肌肉接种试验牛，另设条件相同的3头健康易感牛，按照相同的方法接种灭菌PBS作为对照。于接种前2天和接种后15天内观察试 验牛和对照牛临床表现，并于每日同一时间测量体温，并对健康产奶奶牛的产奶量进行监测。结果见下表5-8。
Figure PCTCN2022121942-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2022121942-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2022121942-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2022121942-appb-000009
由表5-8记载的结果可知，三个批次的疫苗以一次单剂量接种后，观察期内健康易感犊牛、健康孕期母牛和健康产奶奶牛的体温、呼吸情况、精神状态、食欲等均正常，注射部位未见红肿和结节形成，各类试验牛未出现牛多杀性巴氏杆菌病临床症状，与对照牛没有明显差异。并且健康孕期母牛未发现难产、流产、死胎等现象，健康产奶奶牛的产奶量在接种疫苗前后基本保持一致，没有明显的变化，且与对照牛没有明显的差异。
4.3、本动物单剂量重复接种的安全性试验
上述4.2的单剂量接种试验牛和对照牛于接种后15日，采用相同的方式再接种一次，与二次接种前2日和接种后15日内观察试验牛和对照牛临床表现，并于每日同一时间测量体温，并对健康产奶奶牛的产奶量进行监测。结果见下表9-12。
Figure PCTCN2022121942-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2022121942-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2022121942-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2022121942-appb-000013
由表9-12记载的结果可知，三个批次疫苗以单剂量重复接种后，观察期内健康易感犊牛、健康孕期母牛和健康产奶奶牛的体温、呼吸情况、精神状态、食欲等均正常，注射部位未见红肿和结节形成，各类试验牛未出现牛多杀性巴氏杆菌病临床症状，与对照牛没有明显差异。并且健康孕期母牛未发现难产、流产、死胎等现象，健康产奶奶牛的产奶量在二次接种疫苗前后基本保持一致，没有明显的变化，且与对照牛没有明显的差异。
4.4、本动物超剂量接种的安全性试验
将12头健康易感犊牛(1-6月龄)、12头健康产奶奶牛(6～12月龄)、12头健康孕期母牛(6～12月龄)这三类牛作为试验牛，每类牛均随机分成3组，每组4头，将3个批次的疫苗分别以一次单剂量4.0ml(2头份)通过颈部肌肉接种试验牛，另设条件相同的3头健康易感牛，按照相同的方法接种灭菌PBS作为对照。于接种前2天和接种后15天内观察试验牛和对照牛临床表现，并于每日同一时间测量体温，并对健康产奶奶牛的产奶量进行监测。结果见下表13-16。
Figure PCTCN2022121942-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2022121942-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2022121942-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2022121942-appb-000017
由表13-16记载的结果可知，三个批次疫苗以超剂量接种后，观察期内健康易感犊牛、健康孕期母牛和健康产奶奶牛的体温、呼吸情况、精神状态、食欲等均正常，注射部位未见红肿和结节形成，各类试验牛未出现牛多杀性巴氏杆菌病临床症状，与对照牛没有明显差异。并且健康孕期母牛未发现难产、流产、死胎等现象，健康产奶奶牛的产奶量在超剂量接种疫苗前后基本保持一致，没有明显的变化，且与对照牛没有明显的差异。
综上所述，通过使用实施例2制备得到的3批次荚膜多糖疫苗对健康易感犊牛、产奶奶牛、孕期母牛进行的一次单剂量接种试验、单剂量重复接种试验和一次超剂量接种试验，试验结果均显示：在观察期内，试验牛体温、呼吸情况、精神状态、食欲等均正常，注射部位未见红肿和结节形成，均未出现牛多杀性巴氏杆菌病临床症状，与对照组无明显差别。并且产奶奶牛的产奶量未受到接种疫苗的影响，产奶量于接种前后基本保持一致，孕期母牛接种后未出现流产、难产等现象。以上试验结果说明本发明提供的荚膜多糖疫苗对各类试验牛(特别是对犊牛、怀孕牛、产奶牛)均是安全的。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗，其包含牛多杀性巴氏杆曲荚膜A型荚膜多糖和疫苗佐剂：
    具中所述疫苗佐剂为水包油包水乳化佐剂，包括：75wt％-85wt％的注射用油、1wt％-5wt％的精制司本-80和10wt％-24wt％的精制吐温-80；其中精制是指用H 2O 2对司本-80或吐温-80进行处理至其颜色由深至浅不再变化时，去除产物中未反应的H 2O 2后再进行过滤。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗，其中所述牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖的浓度为20-200μg/ml。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗，其中所述牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖与所述疫苗佐剂的质量比为(1-4)∶1，可选为(1-2)∶1，进一步可选为1∶1。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗，其中所述精制中过滤为首先使用过滤孔径为0.40μm-0.65μm的过滤装置进行粗滤，滤液再使用过滤孔径为0.10μm-0.22μm的过滤装置进行精滤。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗，其中所述注射用油包括注射用矿物油、注射用植物油，或其组合；
    可选地，所述注射用矿物油包括白油；
    进一步可选地，所述白油包括Marcol-52白油、Primol 352白油、Total 130#白油、Total 150#白油、Total 170#白油、Drakeol-5白油、Drakeol-7白油和Sonneborn 4#白油、Sonneborn 10#白油PARACOS KF40、PARACOS KF50、角鲨烯、角鲨烷。
  6. 一种牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗的制备方法，其包括将牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖与疫苗佐剂按照质量比为(1-4)∶1混合乳化，使所述牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖在混合液中的浓度为20-200μg/ml，得到牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖疫苗。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其中获得所述牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖的方式包括以下操作：
    S1：使用溶菌酶酶解牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型菌培养液，离心后收集上清，获得裂解液；
    S2：向步骤S1获得的裂解液中加入终浓度为1％-10％的CTAB溶液，离心获得多糖和蛋白沉淀；
    S3：向步骤S2获得的多糖和蛋白沉淀中加入CaCl 2溶液混匀，离心后收集上清；
    S4：向步骤S3收集的上清中加入无水乙醇至终浓度为10％-50％，过夜后离心收集上清；
    S5：向步骤S4收集的上清中加入无水乙醇至终浓度为75％-85％，混匀后离心收集沉淀，获得牛多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜A型荚膜多糖。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的制备方法，所述疫苗佐剂由包括以下组分的原料制成：75wt％-85wt％的注射用油、1wt％-5wt％的精制司本-80和10wt％-24wt％的精制吐温-80；
    所述精制司本-80为通过以下方式对司本-80进行处理获得的产物；
    1)使用H 2O 2对司本-80进行处理，使所述司本-80的颜色由深至浅变化，待所述司本-80的颜色不再变化时，得到第一处理产物；
    2)去除所述第一处理产物中未反应的H 2O 2，得到第二处理产物；
    3)对所述第二处理产物进行过滤，得到所述精制司本-80；
    所述精制吐温-80为通过以下方式对吐温-80进行处理获得的产物；
    (1)使用H 2O 2对吐温-80进行处理，使所述吐温-80的颜色由深至浅变化，待所述吐温-80的颜色不再变化时，得到第三处理产物；
    (2)去除所述第三处理产物中未反应的H 2O 2，得到第四处理产物；
    (3)对所述第四处理产物进行过滤，得到所述精制吐温-80。
  9. 根据权利要求6-8中任一项所述的制备方洼，其中制备所述疫苗佐剂的操作包括：
    T1：将按照重量百分比计为75wt％-85wt％的注射用油加热至30℃-40℃；
    T2：将按照重量百分比计为1wt％-5wt％的精制司本-80和10wt％-24wt％的精制吐愠-80加入步骤T1中加热后的注射用油中，混匀后经过滤处理得到痉苗佐剂。
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