WO2023213040A1 - 一种回旋耐压壳等效模拟试验装置及试验方法 - Google Patents

一种回旋耐压壳等效模拟试验装置及试验方法 Download PDF

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WO2023213040A1
WO2023213040A1 PCT/CN2022/121327 CN2022121327W WO2023213040A1 WO 2023213040 A1 WO2023213040 A1 WO 2023213040A1 CN 2022121327 W CN2022121327 W CN 2022121327W WO 2023213040 A1 WO2023213040 A1 WO 2023213040A1
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equivalent
pressure
data
converter
data collector
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French (fr)
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朱永梅
王浩
周程远
何夏磊
吕昊
张建
孙志莹
包俊杰
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江苏科技大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
    • G01N2021/8887—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges based on image processing techniques
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

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  • the invention relates to the field of marine equipment, and in particular to an equivalent simulation test device and test method for a gyro pressure hull.
  • test chamber in the hydraulic pressure simulation experiment equipment has a large pressure and high sealing requirements. Placing the observation equipment in it may easily cause damage to the observation equipment;
  • Hydraulic testing equipment consumes high energy, consumes a lot of materials, and has high experimental costs.
  • the gyro pressure shell equivalent simulation test device disclosed by the present invention includes a base installed on the pressure fatigue machine platform.
  • the upper end of the base is provided with a surrounding wall structure, and the base is provided with a recess corresponding to the lower end of the surrounding wall structure.
  • groove an equivalent sample is provided above the groove, and a gland clamped by the actuator on the pressure fatigue machine is provided above the equivalent sample.
  • the lower end of the gland matches the inner contour of the surrounding wall structure, so There is an equivalent medium between the gland and the equivalent sample, and the lower end of the gland is pressed against the equivalent sample.
  • An infrared detector is provided on the outside of the surrounding wall structure corresponding to the position of the equivalent sample.
  • the base There is a laser rangefinder and a CCD industrial microscope in the groove; it also includes an A/D converter, an industrial computer, a data collector, a D/A converter, a monitor and a driver.
  • the infrared detector, laser ranging The instrument and the CCD industrial microscope are respectively connected to the A/D converter, the A/D converter is connected to the industrial computer, the industrial computer, the data collector, and the D/A converter are connected, and the data collector collection interface
  • the pressure fatigue machine is connected, the data collector is connected to the monitor, and the D/A converter is connected to the driver to control the infrared detector, laser rangefinder and CCD industrial microscope.
  • the equivalent specimen is a sectioned part of the equivalent gyratory pressure shell specimen along the busbar direction.
  • the curvature and thickness of the equivalent pattern are the same as the bus bar curvature and thickness of the gyrotic pressure shell required for the experiment, the width is equal to the inner width of the base surrounding wall, and there is a gap between the two ends in the axial direction and the inner length of the base surrounding wall. gap and beyond the groove.
  • the laser rangefinder and the CCD industrial microscope are aligned along the width direction of the equivalent sample and located at the same height.
  • An equivalent simulation test method for a gyro pressure shell using the above equivalent simulation test device for a gyro pressure shell, including the following steps:
  • the measurement signal is sent to the industrial computer through the A/D converter.
  • the industrial computer issues instructions based on the measured distance through the D/A
  • the converter provides the driver to adjust the magnification of the CCD industrial microscope so that the observation part is clearly visible and corrects the parameters.
  • the adjusted CCD industrial microscope sends the captured picture signal to the industrial computer through the A/D converter.
  • the magnification calculates the actual size of the shooting part, and sends the picture to the data collector.
  • the data collector transmits the data to the monitor, turns on the infrared detector, and transmits the shooting signal to the industrial computer through the A/D converter. Process and send to data collector;
  • the industrial computer captures and calculates the defects in the depth direction of the crack based on the captured signals, and we get Crack depth, the crack depth data is transmitted to the data collector and transmitted to the monitor in real time; at the same time, the length and width defects of the crack are observed by the CCD industrial microscope, and the specific defect value is obtained after the industrial computer captures and calculates it, and the relevant
  • the data is transmitted to the data collector in real time, and the data is transmitted to the monitor.
  • the collector can express and store the obtained data in real time, and can obtain the depth, width and length of the fatigue crack at each time point, as well as the dimensions of the fatigue machine. Data such as pressure and number of cycles;
  • Control the industrial computer to send the end signal to the driver through the D/A converter, control the infrared detector and CCD industrial microscope to stop working, save the relevant data of the data collector, import the collected and saved data into the computer for post-processing, and close the industrial control machine, and remove the test device from the fatigue machine.
  • the present invention uses equivalent specimens instead of complete specimens, and cleverly utilizes the structure of the gyratory pressure shell as a rotary body. It only needs to take the equal curvature, equal thickness and appropriate width of any bus bar to create a The ideal equivalent pattern is then pressed against the axially symmetrical side of the pattern through the characteristics of the device to achieve a stress state in which the equivalent specimen is symmetrically stressed along the symmetry axis, simulating the stress situation of the complete pressure-resistant shell.
  • the invented device simplifies the force-bearing process of the hydraulic pressure experimental chamber, saves experimental materials, and reduces material costs.
  • the present invention is equipped with a fatigue press, which is equivalent to saving the special power equipment required for experiments in the hydraulic test chamber, optimizing the construction of the laboratory test system, saving the cost of purchasing equipment, and reducing the need for experiments.
  • the stress on the inner surface is greater than the stress on the outer surface. Therefore, fatigue cracks generally germinate on the inner surface first. This makes it impossible to observe the crack growth in real time from the inside in the water pressure chamber test of the complete spherical shell. In the whole process, the present invention overcomes this defect and solves the problem of observing the fatigue crack expansion on the inner surface of the specimen. Moreover, all measuring instruments can use ordinary non-pressure-resistant instruments, and all measuring instruments are not pressure-sensitive, which prolongs the time of measuring instruments. service life, and the measured data is more accurate.
  • the measuring instruments used in the present invention can observe the depth, length, width and other dimensions of the crack in real time, and can also process the data to obtain the crack growth life (number of fatigue cycles and crack size) at each stage. relationship), which facilitates the experimenter's later arrangement of experimental data, saves research time and costs, and ensures the authenticity of the data.
  • Figure 1 is a front structural view of the present invention
  • the equivalent simulation test device of the gyro pressure shell includes a base 1 installed on the platform of the pressure fatigue machine.
  • the upper end of the base 1 is provided with a surrounding wall structure, and the base 1 corresponds to the surrounding wall structure.
  • a groove is provided at the lower end, and an equivalent sample 2 is provided above the groove.
  • a gland 3 clamped by the actuating head of the pressure fatigue machine is provided above the equivalent sample 2.
  • the lower end of the gland 3 is in contact with the enclosure.
  • the inner contour of the wall structure matches.
  • the lower end of the gland 3 is pressed against the equivalent sample 2.
  • the outside of the wall structure corresponds to the equivalent sample.
  • An infrared detector 5 is provided at the position of sample 2, and a laser rangefinder 7 and a CCD industrial microscope 8 are provided in the groove of the base 1; it also includes an A/D converter 9, an industrial computer 10, a data collector 11, D/A converter 12, monitor 13 and driver 14.
  • the infrared detector 5, laser rangefinder 7 and CCD industrial microscope 8 are respectively connected to the A/D converter 9.
  • the A/D converter 9 is connected to The industrial computer 10 is connected, the industrial computer 10, the data collector 11, and the D/A converter 12 are connected, the data collector 11 collection interface is connected to the pressure fatigue machine, the data collector 11 is connected to the monitor 13, so
  • the D/A converter 12 is connected to the driver 14 to control the infrared detector 5, the laser rangefinder 7 and the CCD industrial microscope 8.
  • the equivalent specimen 2 is a sectioned part of the equivalent gyratory pressure shell specimen along the busbar direction.
  • the equivalent medium is rubber, its upper and lower ends are consistent with the lower end of the gland 3 and the upper end of the equivalent sample 2 respectively, and its surroundings are consistent with the inner wall of the surrounding wall structure.
  • the surrounding wall structure is made of metal, and the infrared detectors 5 are movably adsorbed on the outer surface of the surrounding wall structure through powerful magnets 6.
  • One infrared detector 5 is arranged at the same height alignment position of the equivalent sample 2.
  • the curvature and thickness of the equivalent pattern 2 are the same as the busbar curvature and thickness of the gyrotic pressure shell required for the experiment, the width is equal to the inner width of the surrounding wall of the base 1, and there is a gap between the two ends in the axial direction and the inner length of the surrounding wall of the base 1. gap and beyond the groove.
  • the laser rangefinder 7 and the CCD industrial microscope 8 are aligned along the width direction of the equivalent sample 2 and located at the same height.
  • An equivalent simulation test method for a gyro pressure shell using the above equivalent simulation test device for a gyro pressure shell, including the following steps:
  • the industrial computer 10 will measure the distance according to the measured distance. , send an instruction to the driver 14 through the D/A converter 12 to adjust the magnification of the CCD industrial microscope 8 so that the observation part is clearly visible and correct the parameters.
  • the adjusted CCD industrial microscope 8 converts the captured picture signal through A/D 9 to the industrial computer 10, calculate the actual size of the photographed part according to the magnification of the CCD industrial microscope 8, and send the picture to the data collector 11, the data collector 11 transmits the data to the monitor 13, and turns on the infrared detector 5 , transmit the shooting signal to the industrial computer 10 through the A/D converter 9, process the shooting signal, and send it to the data collector 11;
  • the collector 11 collects and can express and store the obtained data in real time, and the fatigue crack depth at each time point can be obtained. , width and length dimensions, as well as data such as the pressure and number of cycles of the fatigue machine;
  • Control the industrial computer 10 to send the end signal to the driver 14 through the D/A converter 12, control the infrared detector 5 and the CCD industrial microscope 8 to stop working, save the relevant data of the data collector 11, and import the collected and saved data into the computer. For post-processing, shut down the industrial computer and remove the test device from the fatigue machine.

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Abstract

一种回旋耐压壳等效模拟试验装置及试验方法，该装置包括底座（1），底座（1）上端面设有围壁结构，对应围壁结构下端开设凹槽，凹槽上方设有等效试样（2），等效试样（2）上方设有压盖（3），压盖（3）下端与围壁结构内轮廓吻合，压盖（3）与等效试样（2）之间设有等效介质（4），压盖（3）下端压于等效试样（2），围壁结构的外侧对应等效试样（2）的位置设有红外检测器（5），底座（1）的凹槽内设有激光测距仪（7）和CCD工业显微镜（8）；该装置还包括A/D转换器（9）、工控机（10）、数据采集器（11）、D/A转换器（12）、监控器（13）及驱动器（14）；该装置不需要完整的耐压壳和水压环境，在保证真实模拟水压试验的同时，节约成本，节省材料、能源和人力，简化试验设备，能够观测记录试样内部疲劳裂纹扩展。

Description

一种回旋耐压壳等效模拟试验装置及试验方法 技术领域
本发明涉及海洋装备领域，尤其涉及一种回旋耐压壳等效模拟试验装置及试验方法。
背景技术
随着科学技术的日渐进步，人类对于海洋资源的探索开发需求日益强烈，而对海洋的探索基于深海装备的研究与发展，载人潜水器在深海技术装备发展中仍然处于核心地位。潜水器的未来技术趋势主要集中在挑战海洋的最大深度这一方向，这需要在提高耐压舱的可靠性方面上不断取得突破。因此，模拟海洋环境试验设备的研发工作十分重要。海洋环境模拟试验设备，可以有效降低海洋装备研发费用和周期。
对于耐压舱的研究少不了科学实验，其中“模拟真实海水压力实验”是整个科学实验中最重要的实验之一。通常模拟海水压力试验，需要制造一个可以密封的压力舱，把耐压壳模型放进舱里，通过注入高压水，模拟海水对耐压壳外表面施压。然而，水压试验往往需要完整的耐压壳模型才能实施，这使得耐压壳的水压试验等问题，如果采用大型耐压壳做实验还会有搬运困难，对实验场地和水压实验设备的要求更高，甚至过大的耐压壳还可能找不到适合的设备满足实验要求，特别是做疲劳实验，对财力、人力、物力的消耗都是巨大的。一些疲劳实验采用标准试样，只能获取耐压壳材料的疲劳性能，又不能准确获取完整耐压壳水压疲劳的数据参数。综上可知，当前耐压壳的疲劳实验主要面临以下问题：
(1)水压舱试验对设备密封性有严格要求；
(2)疲劳裂纹扩展多在试件内表面，现有的模拟试验设备只能观测试件外表面的裂纹；
(3)水压模拟实验设备中试验舱压力较大，密封性要求高，将观察设备置于其中容易造成观察设备的损坏；
(4)水压试验设备的耗能高、耗材量大、实验成本高。
发明内容
发明目的：为了克服背景技术的不足，本发明第一目的是公开了一种回旋耐压壳等效模拟试验装置；第二目的是公开采用上述装置的回旋耐压壳等效模拟试验方法。
技术方案：本发明所公开的回旋耐压壳等效模拟试验装置，包括安装在压力疲劳机平台上的底座，所述底座上端面设有围壁结构，所述底座对应围壁结构下端开设凹槽，所述凹槽上方设有等效试样，所述等效试样上方设有由压力疲劳机上作动头夹持的压盖，所述压盖下端与围壁结构内轮廓吻合，所述压盖与等效试样之间设有等效介质，通 过压盖下端压于等效试样，所述围壁结构的外侧对应等效试样的位置设有红外检测器，所述底座的凹槽内设有激光测距仪和CCD工业显微镜；还包括A/D转换器、工控机、数据采集器、D/A转换器、监控器及驱动器，所述红外检测器、激光测距仪、CCD工业显微镜分别与A/D转换器连接，所述A/D转换器与工控机连接，所述工控机、数据采集器、D/A转换器相连接，所述数据采集器采集接口连接压力疲劳机，所述数据采集器连接监控器，所述D/A转换器连接驱动器，控制红外检测器、激光测距仪及CCD工业显微镜。
进一步的，所述等效试样为等效回旋耐压壳试件沿母线方向的剖切部件。
进一步的，所述等效介质为橡胶，其上、下端分别与压盖下端、等效试样上端吻合，四周与围壁结构内壁吻合。
进一步的，所述围壁结构为金属材质，所述红外检测器通过强力磁铁可移动的吸附于围壁结构外表面。
进一步的，所述等效式样的曲率和厚度与实验所需回旋耐压壳的母线曲率和厚度相同，宽度和底座围壁的内宽相等，轴线方向两端与底座围壁的内长留有空隙，且超过凹槽。
进一步的，所述激光测距仪和CCD工业显微镜沿等效试样的宽度方向对齐，位于同一高度。
一种回旋耐压壳等效模拟试验方法，采用上述回旋耐压壳等效模拟试验装置，包括以下步骤：
S1、准备试验时
将底座固定在压力疲劳机的工作平台上，把实验所用的等效试样放入底座的围壁内，曲率大的表面作为上表面放置，然后再放入切割好的的等效介质，接着盖上压盖，之后用压力疲劳机的上作动头夹持压盖顶端，安装固定好后，把数据采集器接口连接上压力疲劳机的工控机上；
S2、开始实验前
打开CCD工业显微镜、激光测距仪，测量CCD工业显微镜到等效试样下表面的距离，测量信号经A/D转换器发送给工控机，工控机根据测量的距离，发出指令经D/A转换器给驱动器来调整CCD工业显微镜的放大倍率，使得观察部位清晰可见，并校正参数，调整后的CCD工业显微镜把拍摄的画面信号通过A/D转换器给工控机，根据CCD工业显微镜的放大倍率计算出拍摄部位的实际尺寸，并把画面发送给数据采集器，数据采集器将数据传送给监控器，打开红外检测器，将拍摄信号经A/D转换器传给工控机，对拍摄信号进行处理，并发送给数据采集器；
S3、开始实验后
压力疲劳机开始工作，数据采集器开始采集压力疲劳机的施力大小和循环加压的次数等数据，并将采集到的数据发送给监控器，把采集到的数据实时显示并储存，当等效试样出现疲劳裂纹时，裂纹尖端的温度会高于附近部位的温度，红外检测器就能观察到温度场的变化，工控机根据拍摄的信号对裂纹深度方向的缺陷进行捕捉和计算，得到裂纹深度，把裂纹深度的数据传送给数据采集器，实时传送给监控器；同时裂纹的长度和宽度缺陷由CCD工业显微镜观察到，在工控机捕捉和计算后得到具体的缺陷数值，并把相关数据实时传送给数据采集器，将数据传送给监控器，将采集器采集能实时表达和储存获得到的数据，能够得到每个时间点疲劳裂纹深度、宽度和长度的尺寸，还有疲劳机的压力大小和循环次数等数据；
S4、试验结束后
控制工控机发送结束信号经D/A转换器发送给驱动器，控制红外检测器和CCD工业显微镜停止工作，保存好数据采集器的相关数据，将采集保存的数据导入电脑中作后处理，关闭工控机，从疲劳机上取下试验装置。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明的优点为：
(1)本发明采用橡胶代替水作为介质，发挥了橡胶材质易变形，且不易被压缩的性能，能很好的模拟水压在耐压壳表面形成均匀压强的效果，能较好通过等效试样模拟完整耐压壳在海洋环境下的受力状况；克服了水的流动性能强的属性，对装置的精密度要求不高，只需要满足过度配合，甚至达到间隙配合就能满足要求，解决了水压舱严格要求装置密封性的问题，使得装置制造简单，生产成本低；另外整个装置结构简单，安装容易，维护方便。
(2)本发明采用等效试样代替完整试件，巧妙地利用回旋耐压壳是回转体的结构，只需要取其任意母线所在的等曲率、等厚度和恰当的宽度，就能制造出理想的等效式样，再通过装置的特性抵住式样的轴对称一侧，达到等效试样沿着对称轴对称受力的受力状态，模拟出完整耐压壳体的受力情况，整个发明装置，简化了水压实验舱的受力过程，节省了实验材料，降低了材料成本。
(3)本发明是搭载疲劳压力机使用，相当于节省了使用水压试验舱实验另外所需专用的动力设备，优化了实验室试验***的搭建，节省了购买设备的成本，减少了对实验场地的空间占用。
(4)耐压壳的压力疲劳实验中内表面的应力大于外表面应力，因此一般疲劳裂纹先在内表面萌发，这就使得完整球壳的水压舱实验无法做到从内部实时观察裂纹生长的全过程，本发明克服了这一缺陷，解决了试件内表面的疲劳裂纹扩展的观测问题，而且 所有测量仪器可采用普通非耐压仪器，所有测量仪器均不受压，延长了测量仪器使用寿命，且测量的数据更加精准。
(5)本发明采用的测量仪器，以及巧妙地布置方式，可以实时观察裂纹的深度、长度和宽度等尺寸，还能实现对数据的处理得到每一个阶段裂纹扩展寿命(疲劳循环次数和裂纹大小的关系)，方便了实验员后期对实验数据的整理，可以节省研究时间成本，还保证了数据的真实性。
附图说明
图1为本发明主视结构图；
图2为本发明侧剖图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明。
如图1和2所示的回旋耐压壳等效模拟试验装置，包括安装在压力疲劳机平台上的底座1，所述底座1上端面设有围壁结构，所述底座1对应围壁结构下端开设凹槽，所述凹槽上方设有等效试样2，所述等效试样2上方设有由压力疲劳机上作动头夹持的压盖3，所述压盖3下端与围壁结构内轮廓吻合，所述压盖3与等效试样2之间设有等效介质4，通过压盖3下端压于等效试样2，所述围壁结构的外侧对应等效试样2的位置设有红外检测器5，所述底座1的凹槽内设有激光测距仪7和CCD工业显微镜8；还包括A/D转换器9、工控机10、数据采集器11、D/A转换器12、监控器13及驱动器14，所述红外检测器5、激光测距仪7、CCD工业显微镜8分别与A/D转换器9连接，所述A/D转换器9与工控机10连接，所述工控机10、数据采集器11、D/A转换器12相连接，所述数据采集器11采集接口连接压力疲劳机，所述数据采集器11连接监控器13，所述D/A转换器12连接驱动器14，控制红外检测器5、激光测距仪7及CCD工业显微镜8。
所述等效试样2为等效回旋耐压壳试件沿母线方向的剖切部件。
所述等效介质为橡胶，其上、下端分别与压盖3下端、等效试样2上端吻合，四周与围壁结构内壁吻合。
所述围壁结构为金属材质，所述红外检测器5通过强力磁铁6可移动的吸附于围壁结构外表面，红外检测器5在等效试样2同一高度对齐位置各设置一个。
所述等效式样2的曲率和厚度与实验所需回旋耐压壳的母线曲率和厚度相同，宽度和底座1围壁的内宽相等，轴线方向两端与底座1围壁的内长留有空隙，且超过凹槽。
所述激光测距仪7和CCD工业显微镜8沿等效试样2的宽度方向对齐，位于同一高度。
一种回旋耐压壳等效模拟试验方法，采用上述回旋耐压壳等效模拟试验装置，包括以下步骤：
S1、准备试验时
将底座1固定在压力疲劳机的工作平台上，把实验所用的等效试样2放入底座1的围壁内，曲率大的表面作为上表面放置，然后再放入切割好的的等效介质4，接着盖上压盖3，之后用压力疲劳机的上作动头夹持压盖3顶端，安装固定好后，把数据采集器11接口连接上压力疲劳机的工控机上；
S2、开始实验前
打开CCD工业显微镜8、激光测距仪7，测量CCD工业显微镜8到等效试样2下表面的距离，测量信号经A/D转换器9发送给工控机10，工控机10根据测量的距离，发出指令经D/A转换器12给驱动器14来调整CCD工业显微镜8的放大倍率，使得观察部位清晰可见，并校正参数，调整后的CCD工业显微镜8把拍摄的画面信号通过A/D转换器9给工控机10，根据CCD工业显微镜8的放大倍率计算出拍摄部位的实际尺寸，并把画面发送给数据采集器11，数据采集器11将数据传送给监控器13，打开红外检测器5，将拍摄信号经A/D转换器9传给工控机10，对拍摄信号进行处理，并发送给数据采集器11；
S3、开始实验后
压力疲劳机开始工作，数据采集器11开始采集压力疲劳机的施力大小和循环加压的次数等数据，并将采集到的数据发送给监控器13，把采集到的数据实时显示并储存，当等效试样2出现疲劳裂纹时，裂纹尖端的温度会高于附近部位的温度，红外检测器5就能观察到温度场的变化，工控机10根据拍摄的信号对裂纹深度方向的缺陷进行捕捉和计算，得到裂纹深度，把裂纹深度的数据传送给数据采集器11，实时传送给监控器13；同时裂纹的长度和宽度缺陷由CCD工业显微镜8观察到，在工控机10捕捉和计算后得到具体的缺陷数值，并把相关数据实时传送给数据采集器11，将数据传送给监控器13，将采集器11采集能实时表达和储存获得到的数据，能够得到每个时间点疲劳裂纹深度、宽度和长度的尺寸，还有疲劳机的压力大小和循环次数等数据；
S4、试验结束后
控制工控机10发送结束信号经D/A转换器12发送给驱动器14，控制红外检测器5和CCD工业显微镜8停止工作，保存好数据采集器11的相关数据，将采集保存的数据导入电脑中作后处理，关闭工控机，从疲劳机上取下试验装置。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种回旋耐压壳等效模拟试验装置，其特征在于：包括安装在压力疲劳机平台上的底座(1)，所述底座(1)上端面设有围壁结构，所述底座(1)对应围壁结构下端开设凹槽，所述凹槽上方设有等效试样(2)，所述等效试样(2)上方设有由压力疲劳机上作动头夹持的压盖(3)，所述压盖(3)下端与围壁结构内轮廓吻合，所述压盖(3)与等效试样(2)之间设有等效介质(4)，通过压盖(3)下端压于等效试样(2)，所述围壁结构的外侧对应等效试样(2)的位置设有红外检测器(5)，所述底座(1)的凹槽内设有激光测距仪(7)和CCD工业显微镜(8)；还包括A/D转换器(9)、工控机(10)、数据采集器(11)、D/A转换器(12)、监控器(13)及驱动器(14)，所述红外检测器(5)、激光测距仪(7)、CCD工业显微镜(8)分别与A/D转换器(9)连接，所述A/D转换器(9)与工控机(10)连接，所述工控机(10)、数据采集器(11)、D/A转换器(12)相连接，所述数据采集器(11)采集接口连接压力疲劳机，所述数据采集器(11)连接监控器(13)，所述D/A转换器(12)连接驱动器(14)，控制红外检测器(5)、激光测距仪(7)及CCD工业显微镜(8)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的回旋耐压壳等效模拟试验装置，其特征在于：所述等效试样(2)为等效回旋耐压壳试件沿母线方向的剖切部件。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的回旋耐压壳等效模拟试验装置，其特征在于：所述等效介质为橡胶，其上、下端分别与压盖(3)下端、等效试样(2)上端吻合，四周与围壁结构内壁吻合。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的回旋耐压壳等效模拟试验装置，其特征在于：所述围壁结构为金属材质，所述红外检测器(5)通过强力磁铁(6)可移动的吸附于围壁结构外表面。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的回旋耐压壳等效模拟试验装置，其特征在于：所述等效式样(2)的曲率和厚度与实验所需回旋耐压壳的母线曲率和厚度相同，宽度和底座(1)围壁的内宽相等，轴线方向两端与底座(1)围壁的内长留有空隙，且超过凹槽。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的回旋耐压壳等效模拟试验装置，其特征在于：所述激光测距仪(7)和CCD工业显微镜(8)沿等效试样(2)的宽度方向对齐，位于同一高度。
  7. 一种回旋耐压壳等效模拟试验方法，其特征在于：采用权利要求1所述的回旋耐压壳等效模拟试验装置，包括以下步骤：
    S1、准备试验时
    将底座(1)固定在压力疲劳机的工作平台上，把实验所用的等效试样(2)放入底座(1)的围壁内，曲率大的表面作为上表面放置，然后再放入切割好的的等效介质(4)，接着盖上压盖(3)，之后用压力疲劳机的上作动头夹持压盖(3)顶端，安装固定好后，把数据采集器(11)接口连接上压力疲劳机的工控机上；
    S2、开始实验前
    打开CCD工业显微镜(8)、激光测距仪(7)，测量CCD工业显微镜(8)到等效试样(2)下表面的距离，测量信号经A/D转换器(9)发送给工控机(10)，工控机(10)根据测量的距离，发出指令经D/A转换器(12)给驱动器(14)来调整CCD工业显微镜(8)的放大倍率，使得观察部位清晰可见，并校正参数，调整后的CCD工业显微镜(8)把拍摄的画面信号通过A/D转换器(9)给工控机(10)，根据CCD工业显微镜(8)的放大倍率计算出拍摄部位的实际尺寸，并把画面发送给数据采集器(11)，数据采集器(11)将数据传送给监控器(13)，打开红外检测器(5)，将拍摄信号经A/D转换器(9)传给工控机(10)，对拍摄信号进行处理，并发送给数据采集器(11)；
    S3、开始实验后
    压力疲劳机开始工作，数据采集器(11)开始采集压力疲劳机的施力大小和循环加压的次数等数据，并将采集到的数据发送给监控器(13)，把采集到的数据实时显示并储存，当等效试样(2)出现疲劳裂纹时，裂纹尖端的温度会高于附近部位的温度，红外检测器(5)就能观察到温度场的变化，工控机(10)根据拍摄的信号对裂纹深度方向的缺陷进行捕捉和计算，得到裂纹深度，把裂纹深度的数据传送给数据采集器(11)，实时传送给监控器(13)；同时裂纹的长度和宽度缺陷由CCD工业显微镜(8)观察到，在工控机(10)捕捉和计算后得到具体的缺陷数值，并把相关数据实时传送给数据采集器(11)，将数据传送给监控器(13)，将采集器(11)采集能实时表达和储存获得到的数据，能够得到每个时间点疲劳裂纹深度、宽度和长度的尺寸，还有疲劳机的压力大小和循环次数等数据；
    S4、试验结束后
    控制工控机(10)发送结束信号经D/A转换器(12)发送给驱动器(14)，控制红外检测器(5)和CCD工业显微镜(8)停止工作，保存好数据采集器(11)的相关数据，将采集保存的数据导入电脑中作后处理，关闭工控机，从疲劳机上取下试验装置。
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