WO2023168552A1 - 二相定子六极转子直流多速电机 - Google Patents

二相定子六极转子直流多速电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023168552A1
WO2023168552A1 PCT/CN2022/079506 CN2022079506W WO2023168552A1 WO 2023168552 A1 WO2023168552 A1 WO 2023168552A1 CN 2022079506 W CN2022079506 W CN 2022079506W WO 2023168552 A1 WO2023168552 A1 WO 2023168552A1
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Prior art keywords
pole
tooth
yoke
phase
winding
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PCT/CN2022/079506
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English (en)
French (fr)
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罗灿
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罗灿
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Priority to PCT/CN2022/079506 priority Critical patent/WO2023168552A1/zh
Publication of WO2023168552A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023168552A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P8/00—Arrangements for controlling dynamo-electric motors rotating step by step
    • H02P8/22—Control of step size; Intermediate stepping, e.g. microstepping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a brushless DC motor.
  • the stator uses a two-phase armature winding, and passes in two-phase direct current according to the two-phase six-pole method to form changing magnetic poles with various step distances and stator magnetic fields at various speeds to drive the six-pole rotor.
  • This is a two-phase stator, six-pole rotor DC multi-speed motor.
  • the motor is composed of stator, rotor, supporting parts, casing and control mechanism.
  • the motor generally has a cylindrical rotor located inside the center of the motor and an annular stator located outside surrounding the rotor. This is an inner-rotor radial flux motor.
  • Topology technology can realize that the cylindrical stator is located inside the center of the motor and the annular rotor is located outside surrounding the stator. This is an outer rotor radial flux motor.
  • Topology technology can also realize an axial flux motor in which the disc-shaped stator is located on one side of the motor, the disc-shaped rotor is located on the other side of the motor, and the stator and the rotor are axially opposite.
  • Topology technology can also realize linear motors in which linear stators and linear rotors move relatively parallel.
  • the topology technology is a mature technology. Motors strive to increase functions and simplify structures.
  • Traditional brushless DC motors use no less than three-phase armature windings, have only one rated speed, and are not rich in functions.
  • the latest brushless DC motor is a motor composed of "yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator" or “tooth winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator”, which can achieve multi-speed rated speed, but both use three-phase and more-phase armatures Winding, complex structure.
  • the invention proposes: 1. Use a two-phase armature winding; 2.
  • the two-phase direct current is a direct current in which the current and potential of each phase is stable in each step time.
  • the direct current includes positive and negative currents.
  • the positive and negative currents have equal amplitudes. They are usually rectangular currents and form a trapezoidal air gap magnetic flux.
  • DC power managed by electronic controllers and DC power generated by inverters are all mature technologies. Mature technologies are used to control two-phase DC, such as ladder control, current control, torque control, optimal efficiency control, leading phase angle control, position sensorless control, etc.
  • the two-phase stator, six-pole rotor DC multi-speed motor proposed by the present invention is specifically a DC brushless motor that uses a two-phase armature winding, feeds two-phase DC power according to the two-phase six-pole method, and has a stator magnetic field with two speeds.
  • the motor structure is simplified while increasing the motor function.
  • the motor industry requires two-phase stator, six-pole rotor DC multi-speed motors.
  • the two-phase stator, six-pole rotor DC multi-speed motor of the present invention is composed of a stator, a rotor, a supporting component, a casing, a control mechanism and other components.
  • the characteristics are: using a two-phase armature winding, passing in two-phase direct current according to the two-phase six-pole method, forming changing magnetic poles with various step distances, forming stator magnetic fields at various speeds, and driving the six-pole rotor.
  • the stator consists of stator core and armature winding.
  • the stator core adopts mature technology and is made of high magnetic flux materials. For example, it is made of silicon steel, laminated silicon steel, etc.
  • the stator core is set as needed, so that each tooth portion is evenly arranged in the circumferential direction and faces the rotor inward.
  • the yoke portion is parallel to the direction of motion of the rotor and is annular.
  • the yoke portion connects each tooth portion to form the stator core.
  • the number of phases of the stator armature winding is 2, and the stator core has 2*Q teeth and 2*Q yoke sections; Q is the number of pole pairs of the stator magnetic field, which is a natural number.
  • the teeth of the stator core are also called stator poles.
  • the number of stator poles is equal to the number of teeth of the stator core.
  • the clockwise direction of the stator core is the forward direction, and the counterclockwise direction is the rearward direction.
  • the armature winding is a wire structure that passes two-phase direct current to form changing magnetic poles with various step distances and forms stator magnetic fields at various speeds, including two-phase armature windings.
  • Armature windings come in two forms, one of which is used. The first form is that the armature winding uses a yoke winding, and each phase armature winding uses wires wound around the yoke of the stator core to form a yoke winding, which is arranged in sections according to phase sequence numbers along the yoke.
  • the yoke winding setting rule is: select a tooth on the stator core as the base, set a two-phase two-section positive yoke winding on each section of the yoke in sequence in front of the base according to the phase sequence number, and then set it in sequence There are two-phase two-section negative yoke windings, and a total of two-phase four-section yoke windings are provided.
  • the wires and number of turns of the yoke windings in each section are the same.
  • the connection methods between the yoke windings of each section in each phase including series connection and parallel connection, adopt mature technology.
  • the positive and negative of each section of the yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • the yoke orientation method is: select a stator core cross-section parallel to the direction of rotor movement, and assume that the clockwise direction in the cross-sectional view is the positive direction of the yoke magnetic flux. That is, when the direction of the N end of the yoke magnetic flux is clockwise, the magnetic flux of this segment of the yoke is a positive yoke flux; when the direction of the N end of the yoke magnetic flux is counterclockwise, the magnetic flux of this segment of the yoke is a negative yoke.
  • the yoke winding that forms a positive yoke magnetic flux when a positive current is passed is a positive yoke winding
  • the yoke winding that forms a negative yoke magnetic flux when a positive current is passed is a negative yoke.
  • the yoke winding that forms a positive yoke magnetic flux when a negative current is passed is a negative yoke winding
  • the yoke winding that forms a negative yoke magnetic flux when a negative current is passed is a positive yoke winding.
  • the magnetic flux has a head N end and a tail S end.
  • the method of gathering magnetic fluxes at the yoke to form magnetic poles is: different groups of magnetic fluxes at the yoke in different directions gather with each other, that is, N-ends gather with N-ends, and S-ends gather with S-ends.
  • the teeth closest to the N end of the yoke form the N pole
  • the teeth closest to the S end of the yoke form the S pole.
  • the changing magnetic poles form a changing stator magnetic field.
  • the N pole is the North Pole
  • the S pole is the South Pole
  • * is the multiplication sign
  • / is the division sign
  • + is the positive sign or plus sign
  • - is the negative sign or minus sign.
  • the phase sequence number of each armature winding is a mature technology and is usually expressed in lowercase English alphabetical order; in the present invention, it is a and b.
  • the second form is that the armature winding uses tooth windings.
  • Each phase armature winding uses wires wound around the teeth of the stator core to form tooth windings, which are arranged in sequence according to the phase number.
  • the tooth winding setting rule is: select one tooth on the stator core as the base, start from the base and set two phases and two spur tooth windings on each tooth in sequence according to the phase sequence number, and then set the two phases in sequence.
  • the wires and number of turns of each tooth winding are the same.
  • the connection methods between the individual tooth windings in each phase including series connection and parallel connection, adopt mature technology.
  • the positive and negative of each tooth winding is determined according to the tooth orientation method.
  • the tooth orientation method is: the tooth winding that forms the N pole when a positive current flows is a positive tooth winding, and the tooth winding that forms an S pole when a positive current flows is negative. Tooth winding. There are three states when DC current is supplied to each tooth winding. One is that the positive tooth winding is supplied with positive current or the negative tooth winding is supplied with negative current, forming an N pole; the other is that the positive tooth winding is supplied with negative current or the negative tooth winding is supplied with negative current. Positive current forms the S pole; third, the tooth winding does not pass current and does not form a magnetic pole. As the DC current changes each step, the magnetic pole changes to form a changing stator magnetic field.
  • the armature winding is fed with two-phase DC power according to the two-phase six-pole method.
  • Each power-on cycle includes 4 steps, with a total of 4 equal step times.
  • the current passed in each step is related to the relative position of the stator and rotor.
  • Mature technologies are used to select the start and end timing of each step, select the DC conduction and closing time, and select the electrical phase angle.
  • Mature technology includes setting up sensors in the motor to obtain each step position signal, and the signal is provided to the electronic controller to control the current supplied to each phase armature winding by the multi-phase inverter.
  • the current is passed through each step to make the rotor rotate a step distance, and then the current is passed through in the next step.
  • the two-phase six-pole method includes the yoke No. 1 forward method, the yoke No. 1 inverse method, the yoke No. 2 method, the tooth No. 1 forward method, the tooth No. 1 inverse method and the tooth No. 2 method.
  • the yoke No. 1 forward method, the yoke No. 1 inverse method and the yoke No. 2 method are suitable for the yoke winding
  • the tooth No. 1 forward method, tooth No. 1 inverse method and tooth No. 2 method are suitable for the tooth winding.
  • the sequence of yoke No. 1 is: Step 1, take the base as the S pole at this step, take the second tooth in front of the base as the N pole at this step, pass in direct current, the current rule is that the current makes the 2 sections of the yoke in front of the S pole The windings all form positive yoke magnetic flux, and the current causes the two sections of yoke windings in front of the N pole to form negative yoke magnetic flux; in each subsequent step (until step 4), the first tooth in front of the S pole in the previous step is used as the In this step, the S pole uses the first tooth in front of the N pole in the previous step as the N pole in this step. Direct current is supplied, and the current rules remain unchanged.
  • Step 5 is the same as step 1, and the next energization cycle begins.
  • the stator magnetic field of each step is The advance distance is one polar center distance forward.
  • the inverse method of yoke No. 1 is: the first step is the same as the first step of the method of yoke No. 1; in each subsequent step (until step 4), the first tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the N pole of the previous step is The first tooth at the rear is used as the N pole in this step, and DC current is passed through, and the current rules remain unchanged.
  • Step 5 is the same as step 1, starting the next energization cycle; each step of the stator magnetic field is one pole center distance backward.
  • the first step is the same as the first step of the Yoke No. 1 method; in the second step, the second tooth in front of the S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the second tooth in front of the N pole in the previous step is used as the S pole.
  • the N pole is supplied with direct current, and the current rules remain unchanged; step 3 is the same as step 1; step 4 is the same as step 2; step 5 is the same as step 1, starting the next energization cycle; its alternating stator magnetic field changes every One step is equivalent to a step distance of two pole centers forward. This is the alternating stator magnetic field formed by the base and the second tooth in front of the base.
  • the first step is the same as the yoke No. 1 method and the second step; in the second step, the second tooth in front of the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the N pole of the previous step is The second tooth in front of the pole is used as the N pole in this step, and DC current is passed through.
  • each step of its alternating stator magnetic field is equivalent to a step distance of two forward pole-center distances.
  • the alternating stator magnetic field is a stator magnetic field in which a pair of magnetic poles whose distance between magnetic poles is two pole-center distances alternately change.
  • the current causes a certain segment of the yoke winding to form a negative yoke magnetic flux.
  • the yoke winding of this segment is a positive yoke winding, it causes a negative current to flow through it.
  • the yoke winding of this segment is a negative yoke winding, it causes it to flow negative current. Make it pass positive current.
  • the current causes a certain section of the yoke winding to form a positive yoke magnetic flux.
  • the yoke winding of this section is a positive yoke winding, it causes a positive current to flow through it.
  • the yoke winding of this section is a negative yoke winding, it causes it to pass through positive current. Make it pass negative current.
  • Step 1 take the base as the N pole of this step, take the second tooth in front of the base as the S pole of this step, pass in direct current, the current rule is that the current makes the S pole tooth winding form a negative At the same time, the current flows to the tooth magnetic flux so that the N pole tooth winding forms a forward tooth magnetic flux; in each subsequent step (until step 4), the first tooth in front of the S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole in this step, and the N pole in the previous step The first tooth in front of the pole is used as the N pole in this step, and DC current is passed through, and the current rules remain unchanged; step 5 is the same as step 1, starting the next energization cycle; each step of the stator magnetic field is one pole center distance forward .
  • Step 1 is the same as step 1 of tooth No. 1; in each subsequent step (until step 4), the first tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the N pole of the previous step is The first tooth at the rear is used as the N pole in this step, and DC current is passed through, and the current rules remain unchanged.
  • Step 5 is the same as step 1, starting the next energization cycle; each step of the stator magnetic field is one pole center distance backward.
  • the tooth No. 2 method is: the first step is the same as the tooth No.
  • step 1 in the second step, the second tooth in front of the S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the second tooth in front of the N pole in the previous step is used as the S pole.
  • the N pole is supplied with direct current, and the current rules remain unchanged;
  • step 3 is the same as step 1;
  • step 4 is the same as step 2;
  • step 5 is the same as step 1, starting the next energization cycle;
  • its alternating stator magnetic field changes every One step is equivalent to a step distance of two pole centers forward. This is the alternating stator magnetic field formed by the base and the second tooth in front of the base.
  • each step of its alternating stator magnetic field is equivalent to a step distance of two forward pole-center distances. This is the alternating magnetic field formed by the first tooth in front of the base and the third tooth in front of the base. The current causes a certain tooth winding to form a negative tooth magnetic flux.
  • each step of the two-phase six-pole method is to make each armature winding form a changing magnetic pole with a correct step distance through a specific current.
  • each step of No. 1 forward method makes the stator magnetic field rotate clockwise by 1 pole center distance.
  • Each step of No. 1 reverse method makes the stator magnetic field rotate counterclockwise by 1 pole center distance.
  • Each step of No. 2 method makes the stator magnetic field rotate counterclockwise by 1 pole center distance.
  • the variable stator magnetic field moves 2 pole-center distances.
  • the pole center distance is the arc between the top centers of two adjacent stator teeth.
  • the rotor rotates The direction is opposite to the rotation direction of the stator magnetic field; choosing one of the No. 2 methods can form an alternating stator magnetic field, which can make the already rotating rotor continue to rotate in the original rotation direction at a speed of 60 degrees per step.
  • the two-stage yoke windings (or two tooth windings) of any phase armature winding are changed to two-stage yoke windings (or two tooth windings) with opposite directions.
  • Two tooth windings in each step of each energizing method of the two-phase six-pole method, if the original direct current fed into the phase is correspondingly changed to a direct current in the opposite direction, then the present invention remains unchanged.
  • the two-phase stator six-pole rotor DC motor can also flow two-phase alternating current under the condition that the performance of the control mechanism is satisfied.
  • a-phase armature winding flows +A-phase alternating current and the b-phase armature winding flows +B-phase alternating current
  • a clockwise rotating stator magnetic field is formed.
  • a counterclockwise rotating stator magnetic field is formed. The rotating stator magnetic field can start and run the rotor.
  • the rotation direction of the rotor is opposite to the rotation direction of the stator magnetic field, and the rotor speed is one-third of the stator magnetic field speed.
  • the a-phase armature winding using the yoke winding flows +A-phase alternating current
  • the b-phase armature winding flows +A-phase alternating current
  • the a-phase armature winding using the tooth winding flows +A-phase alternating current
  • the b-phase armature winding flows -A-phase alternating current, or when the b-phase armature winding using the tooth winding flows +A-phase alternating current, at the base
  • the first tooth in front and the third tooth in front of the base form an alternating stator magnetic field.
  • the alternating stator magnetic field can make the already rotating rotor run in the original direction of rotation.
  • the speed of the rotating stator magnetic field and the alternating stator magnetic field is determined by the frequency of the alternating current.
  • the two-phase alternating current is a two-phase current in which the current and potential of each phase changes in a sinusoidal distribution over time, including sinusoidal alternating current, nearly sinusoidal alternating current, simulated sinusoidal alternating current generated by an inverter, etc., all of which are mature technologies.
  • the +A phase alternating current phase is 90 degrees ahead of the +B phase alternating current phase.
  • the phase of the +A phase alternating current and the -A phase alternating current are staggered by 180 degrees.
  • Each embodiment of the present invention describes a motor with a pair of pole-pair stators.
  • the invention also includes a motor with multiple pole-pair stators. It is mature in the industry to derive a multi-pole-pair stator motor from a pair of pole-pair stator motors. technology.
  • Each embodiment of the present invention describes a motor with a stator matched to a rotor.
  • the invention also includes a motor with double stators matched with a rotor, and a motor with double rotors matched with a stator. It is deduced that double stator motors and double rotor motors are the most popular ones in the industry. Mature technology.
  • the rotor adopts a six-pole rotor, including a three-pole pair permanent magnet rotor and a three-pole pair excitation rotor, one of which is used; six magnetic poles form three pairs of magnetic poles, also known as three pole pairs.
  • the permanent magnet rotor uses permanent magnets to form magnetic poles
  • the excitation rotor uses excitation windings to flow excitation current to form magnetic poles. Both are mature technologies.
  • the control mechanism is composed of a sensor, an electronic controller and a two-phase inverter. The control mechanism is connected to the circuit of the two-phase stator and controls the selection of the method for passing direct current into the two-phase armature winding.
  • the rotor, supporting components, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • Figures 1 to 3 are cross-sectional views of a two-phase stator, six-pole rotor DC multi-speed motor with a number of pole pairs.
  • the armature winding uses a yoke winding.
  • Figure 1 shows the first step of the yoke No. 1 forward method, the yoke No. 1 inverse method, and the yoke No. 2 method.
  • Figure 2 shows the second step of the forward method for yoke No. 1 and the fourth step of the reverse method for yoke No. 1.
  • Figure 3 shows step 3 of the forward method with yoke No. 1, step 3 of the reverse method with yoke No. 1, and step 2 of the method with yoke No. 2.
  • Figures 4 to 6 are cross-sectional views of a two-phase stator, six-pole rotor DC multi-speed motor with a number of pole pairs, and the armature winding uses tooth windings.
  • Figure 4 shows the first step of tooth No. 1 forward method, tooth No. 1 reverse method, and tooth No. 2 method.
  • Figure 5 shows the second step of the forward method for tooth No. 1 and the fourth step of the reverse method for tooth No. 1.
  • Figure 6 shows the third step of the forward method for tooth No. 1, the third step of the reverse method for tooth No. 1, and the second step of the tooth No. 2 method.
  • the armature winding uses three or more phases.
  • the control mechanisms for controlling three-phase and multi-phase, including sensors, electronic controllers and inverters, are very complex. There is only one step distance, and the motor has only one step distance. rated speed.
  • the latest brushless DC motor is a motor composed of "yoke winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator" or “tooth winding multi-pole multi-speed DC stator", which can achieve multi-speed rated speed, but both use three-phase and more-phase armatures Winding, complex structure.
  • the two-phase stator and six-pole rotor DC multi-speed motor uses two-phase armature windings, which simplifies the stator structure.
  • the control mechanism for controlling the two phases including sensors, electronic controllers and inverters, is very simple; the DC power is fed into the two-phase six-pole motor.
  • the pole method can have a variety of step distances, and the motor has a variety of rated speeds, which simplifies the motor structure while increasing the motor function. There was no identical motor before this.
  • stator core high flux material
  • yoke teeth, poles, magnetic poles, aggregation, rotating stator magnetic field, alternating stator magnetic field and number of pole pairs
  • wires, windings, windings, armature windings, yoke windings, tooth windings, connections, step lengths, pole center distances and arcs are all mature technologies.
  • Figure 1 is one of the cross-sections of a two-phase stator and six-pole rotor DC multi-speed motor with a number of pole pairs, and is one of the schematic diagrams of Embodiment 1.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding, which has four sections (+a, +b, -a and -b)
  • 3 is the stator core teeth
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor core
  • 5 is a permanent magnet with six poles.
  • Figure 2 is the second section of a two-phase stator, six-pole rotor DC multi-speed motor with a pair of pole pairs, and is the second schematic diagram of Embodiment 1.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding, which has four sections (+a, +b, -a and -b)
  • 3 is the stator core teeth
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor core
  • 5 is a permanent magnet with six poles.
  • Figure 3 is the third section of a two-phase stator, six-pole rotor DC multi-speed motor with a pair of pole pairs, and is the third schematic diagram of Embodiment 1.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the yoke winding, which has four sections (+a, +b, -a and -b)
  • 3 is the stator core teeth
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor core
  • 5 is a permanent magnet with six poles.
  • Figure 4 is the fourth cross-section of a two-phase stator, six-pole rotor DC multi-speed motor with a pole pair number, and is one of the schematic diagrams of Embodiment 2.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the tooth winding
  • 3 is the stator core tooth
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor core
  • 5 is a permanent magnet with six poles.
  • Figure 5 is the fifth section of a two-phase stator, six-pole rotor DC multi-speed motor with a pair of pole pairs, and is the second schematic diagram of Embodiment 2.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the tooth winding
  • 3 is the stator core tooth
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor core
  • 5 is a permanent magnet with six poles.
  • Figure 6 is the sixth section of a two-phase stator, six-pole rotor DC multi-speed motor with a pair of pole pairs, and is the third schematic diagram of the second embodiment.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the tooth winding
  • 3 is the stator core tooth
  • 4 is the permanent magnet rotor core
  • 5 is a permanent magnet with six poles.
  • each armature winding is represented by a small number of turns of wires, and the actual number of turns of wires is set according to actual needs.
  • the braces mark the phase number of each yoke winding, and the phase number of the tooth winding is marked in the tooth.
  • the supporting parts, casing and control mechanism are not shown.
  • the direction of the magnetic flux in the yoke formed at a certain step of the two-phase six-pole method is as shown by the arrow drawn in the yoke, and the magnetic poles formed by the magnetic flux in the tooth are shown as S and N in the tooth in the figure.
  • the direction of the N pole of the rotor permanent magnet is as shown by the arrow drawn in the permanent magnet.
  • the rotor position in Figures 3, 4 and 5 can be ignored. Each component only shows the relationship between each other and does not reflect the actual size.
  • Embodiment 1 A two-phase stator, six-pole rotor DC multi-speed motor with a pair of pole pairs is composed of a stator, a rotor, a supporting component, a casing, a control mechanism and other components.
  • the stator armature winding adopts yoke winding.
  • the stator consists of stator core and armature winding.
  • the stator core is manufactured from laminated silicon steel using proven technology.
  • the stator core is set as needed so that the four teeth are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction toward the rotor.
  • the yoke is parallel to the direction of motion of the rotor and is annular. The four-section yoke connects the four teeth to form the stator core.
  • the armature winding adopts a yoke winding, and wires are wound around the yoke of the stator core to form a yoke winding, which is arranged in sections according to phase sequence numbers along the yoke.
  • the yoke winding setting rule is: select a tooth on the stator core as the base, and set the two-phase two-section positive yoke winding in front of the base according to the phase sequence number (a and b), that is, +a yoke
  • the negative yoke winding and the +b yoke winding are then successively set up with the two-phase two-section negative yoke winding, that is, the -a yoke winding and the -b yoke winding, and a total of two-phase four-section yoke windings are set up.
  • the two yoke windings in each phase are connected in series.
  • the positive and negative of each section of the yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method.
  • the yoke orientation method is: select a stator core cross-section parallel to the direction of rotor movement, and assume that the clockwise direction in the cross-sectional view is the positive direction of the yoke magnetic flux. That is, when the direction of the N end of the yoke magnetic flux is clockwise, the magnetic flux of this segment of the yoke is a positive yoke flux; when the direction of the N end of the yoke magnetic flux is counterclockwise, the magnetic flux of this segment of the yoke is a negative yoke.
  • the yoke winding that forms a positive yoke magnetic flux when a positive current is passed is a positive yoke winding
  • the yoke winding that forms a negative yoke magnetic flux when a positive current is passed is a negative yoke.
  • the yoke winding that forms a positive yoke magnetic flux when a negative current is passed is a negative yoke winding
  • the yoke winding that forms a negative yoke magnetic flux when a negative current is passed is a positive yoke winding.
  • the magnetic flux has a head N end and a tail S end.
  • the method of gathering magnetic fluxes at the yoke to form magnetic poles is: different groups of magnetic fluxes at the yoke in different directions gather with each other, that is, N-ends gather with N-ends, and S-ends gather with S-ends.
  • the teeth closest to the N end of the yoke form the N pole, and the teeth closest to the S end of the yoke form the S pole.
  • the changing magnetic poles form a changing stator magnetic field.
  • the armature winding is fed with two-phase DC power according to the two-phase six-pole method.
  • Each power-on cycle includes 4 steps, with a total of 4 equal step times.
  • the two-phase six-pole method in this embodiment includes the yoke No. 1 forward method, the yoke No. 1 inverse method and the yoke No. 2 method. There are a total of three methods for passing two-phase direct current to form the stator magnetic field.
  • Step 1 take the base as the S pole at this step, take the second tooth in front of the base as the N pole at this step, pass in direct current
  • the current rule is that the current makes the 2 sections of the yoke in front of the S pole
  • the windings all form positive yoke magnetic flux, and the current causes the two sections of yoke windings in front of the N pole to form negative yoke magnetic flux; in each subsequent step (until step 4), the first tooth in front of the S pole in the previous step is used as the In this step, the S pole uses the first tooth in front of the N pole in the previous step as the N pole in this step. Direct current is supplied, and the current rules remain unchanged.
  • Step 5 is the same as step 1, and the next energization cycle begins.
  • the stator magnetic field of each step is The advance distance is one polar center distance forward.
  • the inverse method of yoke No. 1 is: the first step is the same as the first step of the method of yoke No. 1; in each subsequent step (until step 4), the first tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the N pole of the previous step is The first tooth at the rear is used as the N pole in this step, and DC current is passed through, and the current rules remain unchanged.
  • Step 5 is the same as step 1, starting the next energization cycle; each step of the stator magnetic field is one pole center distance backward.
  • the first step is the same as the first step of the Yoke No. 1 method; in the second step, the second tooth in front of the S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the second tooth in front of the N pole in the previous step is used as the S pole.
  • the N pole is supplied with direct current, and the current rules remain unchanged; step 3 is the same as step 1; step 4 is the same as step 2; step 5 is the same as step 1, starting the next energization cycle; its alternating stator magnetic field changes every One step is equivalent to a step distance of two pole centers forward. This is the alternating stator magnetic field formed by the base and the second tooth in front of the base.
  • Step 1 of the yoke No. 1 is that both the a-phase armature winding and the b-phase armature winding are supplied with positive current; the second step is that the b-phase armature winding is supplied with positive current, and the phase a armature winding is supplied with negative current. ; The third step is to pass negative current into both the a-phase armature winding and the b-phase armature winding; the fourth step is to pass positive current into the a-phase armature winding, and the negative current into the b-phase armature winding; the fifth step is the same as Step 1, start the next power cycle.
  • the inverse method of yoke No. 1 can be deduced in the same way. For another example, step 1 of the yoke No.
  • step 2 is the same as step 1 of the yoke No. 1 method; step 2 is to pass negative current to both the a-phase armature winding and b-phase armature winding; step 3 is the same as step 1; step 4 Synchronize with step 2; step 5 with step 1, start the next power cycle.
  • the control mechanism consists of sensors, electronic controllers and two-phase inverters.
  • the rotor adopts a six-pole rotor, and the permanent magnets form three pairs of poles, see Figure 1.
  • the permanent magnets of the rotor are close to each other. In reality, there are insulators separating the permanent magnets.
  • the rotor, supporting components, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • Figure 1 shows the first step of the yoke No. 1 forward method, the yoke No. 1 inverse method, and the yoke No. 2 method.
  • Figure 2 shows the second step of the forward method for yoke No. 1 and the fourth step of the reverse method for yoke No. 1.
  • Figure 3 shows step 2 of the yoke No. 2 method, step 3 of the forward method of yoke No. 1, and step 3 of the reverse method of yoke No. 1.
  • the stator magnetic field rotates backward 90 degrees and the six-pole rotor rotates 30 degrees clockwise.
  • the control mechanism selects the yoke No. 2 method, at each step, the alternating stator magnetic field moves 180 degrees, and the six-pole rotor rotates 60 degrees in the original rotation direction.
  • the motor has two rated speeds with different absolute values. Obviously, choosing only one of the speeds becomes a single-speed rated speed motor.
  • Embodiment 2 A two-phase stator, six-pole rotor DC multi-speed motor with a pair of pole pairs is composed of a stator, a rotor, a supporting component, a casing, a control mechanism and other components.
  • the stator armature winding adopts tooth winding.
  • the stator consists of stator core and armature winding.
  • the stator core is manufactured from laminated silicon steel using proven technology.
  • the stator core is set as needed so that the four teeth are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction toward the rotor.
  • the yoke is parallel to the direction of motion of the rotor and is annular. The four-section yoke connects the four teeth to form the stator core.
  • the armature winding uses a tooth winding, and wires are wound around the teeth of the stator core to form a tooth winding, which is arranged in sequence according to the phase number.
  • the tooth winding setting rule is: select one tooth on the stator core as the base, and set two-phase and two spur tooth windings on each tooth in sequence starting from the base according to the phase sequence number (a and b). That is, +a tooth winding and +b tooth winding, and then two-phase two negative tooth windings are set in sequence, namely -a tooth winding and -b tooth winding, and a total of two-phase and four tooth windings are set.
  • the two tooth windings in each phase are connected in series.
  • the positive and negative of each tooth winding is determined according to the tooth orientation method.
  • the tooth orientation method is: the tooth winding that forms the N pole when a positive current flows is a positive tooth winding, and the tooth winding that forms an S pole when a positive current flows is negative. Tooth winding. There are three states when DC current is supplied to each tooth winding. One is that the positive tooth winding is supplied with positive current or the negative tooth winding is supplied with negative current, forming an N pole; the other is that the positive tooth winding is supplied with negative current or the negative tooth winding is supplied with negative current. Positive current forms the S pole; third, the tooth winding does not pass current and does not form a magnetic pole. As the DC current changes each step, the magnetic pole changes to form a changing stator magnetic field.
  • the armature winding is fed with two-phase DC power according to the two-phase six-pole method.
  • Each power-on cycle includes 4 steps, with a total of 4 equal step times.
  • the two-phase six-pole method in this embodiment includes the tooth No. 1 forward method, the tooth No. 1 reverse method, and the tooth No. 2 method. There are a total of three methods for passing two-phase direct current to form the stator magnetic field. The sequence of tooth No.
  • Step 1 take the base as the N pole of this step, take the second tooth in front of the base as the S pole of this step, pass in direct current, the current rule is that the current makes the S pole tooth winding form a negative At the same time, the current flows to the tooth magnetic flux so that the N pole tooth winding forms a forward tooth magnetic flux; in each subsequent step (until step 4), the first tooth in front of the S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole in this step, and the N pole in the previous step The first tooth in front of the pole is used as the N pole in this step, and DC current is passed through, and the current rules remain unchanged; step 5 is the same as step 1, starting the next energization cycle; each step of the stator magnetic field is one pole center distance forward .
  • Step 1 is the same as step 1 of tooth No. 1; in each subsequent step (until step 4), the first tooth behind the S pole of the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the N pole of the previous step is The first tooth at the rear is used as the N pole in this step, and DC current is passed through, and the current rules remain unchanged.
  • Step 5 is the same as step 1, starting the next energization cycle; each step of the stator magnetic field is one pole center distance backward.
  • the tooth No. 2 method is: the first step is the same as the tooth No.
  • step 1 in the second step, the second tooth in front of the S pole in the previous step is used as the S pole of this step, and the second tooth in front of the N pole in the previous step is used as the S pole.
  • the N pole is supplied with direct current, and the current rules remain unchanged;
  • step 3 is the same as step 1;
  • step 4 is the same as step 2;
  • step 5 is the same as step 1, starting the next energization cycle; its alternating stator magnetic field changes every One step is equivalent to a step distance of two pole centers forward. This is the alternating stator magnetic field formed by the base and the second tooth in front of the base.
  • step 1 is to pass positive current to the phase a armature winding; the second step is to pass the positive current to the phase b armature winding; the third step is to pass the negative current to the phase a armature winding; and the fourth step is to pass the positive current to the phase a armature winding.
  • the first step is to pass negative current into the b-phase armature winding; the fifth step is the same as the first step, starting the next energization cycle.
  • the inverse method of tooth No. 1 can be deduced in the same way.
  • step 1 of the tooth No. 2 method is the same as step 1 of the tooth No. 1 method; step 2 is to pass negative current to the phase a armature winding; step 3 is the same as step 1; step 4 is the same as step 2; Step 5 is the same as step 1 and starts the next power cycle.
  • the control mechanism consists of sensors, electronic controllers and two-phase inverters.
  • the rotor adopts a six-pole rotor, and the permanent magnets form three pairs of poles, see Figure 6.
  • the permanent magnets of the rotor are close to each other.
  • the rotor, supporting components, casing and control mechanism adopt mature technology.
  • Figure 4 shows the first step of tooth No. 1 forward method, tooth No. 1 reverse method, and tooth No. 2 method.
  • Figure 5 shows the second step of the forward method for tooth No. 1 and the fourth step of the reverse method for tooth No. 1.
  • Figure 6 shows the second step of the tooth No. 2 method, the third step of the tooth No. 1 forward method, and the third step of the tooth No. 1 reverse method.
  • the alternating stator magnetic field moves 180 degrees, and the six-pole rotor rotates 60 degrees in the original rotation direction.
  • the motor has two rated speeds with different absolute values. Obviously, choosing only one of the speeds becomes a single-speed rated speed motor.
  • indicators such as the stator's pole arc, tooth width, tooth height (extremely high), tooth shape, yoke thickness, wire diameter, number of turns, detailed properties of the rotor, and detailed properties of the control mechanism are not shown.
  • the optimized selection of these indicators adopts mature technology.

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Abstract

二相定子六极转子直流多速电机，由定子、转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成，特征是：采用二相电枢绕组，按二相六极法通入二相直流电，形成多种步进距离的变化磁极、形成多种速度的定子磁场，驱动六极转子以多种额定转速运行。

Description

二相定子六极转子直流多速电机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种直流无刷电机。具体是定子采用二相电枢绕组，按二相六极法通入二相直流电，形成多种步进距离的变化磁极、形成多种速度的定子磁场，驱动六极转子。这就是二相定子六极转子直流多速电机。
背景技术
电机由定子、转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成。电机一般是圆柱状转子位于电机中心内部、圆环状定子位于外部包围转子，这是内转子径向磁通电机。拓扑技术可以实现圆柱状定子位于电机中心内部，圆环状转子位于外部包围定子，这是外转子径向磁通电机。拓扑技术还可以实现盘状定子位于电机一侧，盘状转子位于电机另一侧，定子与转子轴向相对的轴向磁通电机。拓扑技术还可以实现线状定子与线状转子相对平行运动的直线电机。所述拓扑技术是成熟技术。电机都努力增加功能、简化结构。传统直流无刷电机，采用不少于三相电枢绕组，只有一种额定转速，功能不丰富。最新的直流无刷电机是《轭绕组多极多速直流定子》或《齿绕组多极多速直流定子》组成的电机，可以实现多速额定转速，但都采用三相以及更多相电枢绕组，结构复杂。本发明提出：1，采用二相电枢绕组；2，按二相六极法通入二相直流电，选择二相电枢绕组通入直流电的法、调整每步步进距离，形成二种速度(绝对值)的定子磁场，使电机具有二种额定速度(绝对值)；在增加电机功能的同时简化了结构。所述二相直流电是每相电流电势在每步步长时间中稳定的直流电，直流电包括正电流和负电流，正负电流幅值相等，通常是矩形电流、形成梯形气隙磁通。例如电子控制器管理的直流电、逆变器产生的直流电等，均为成熟技术。控制二相直流电采用成熟技术，例如阶梯控制、电流控制、转矩控制、最优效率控制、超前相角控制、无位置传感器控制等。
本发明提出的二相定子六极转子直流多速电机，具体是采用二相电枢绕组、按二相六极法通入二相直流电，定子磁场具有二种速度的直流无刷电机。在增加电机功能的同时简化了电机结构。电机行业需要二相定子六极转子直流多速电机。
发明内容
本发明二相定子六极转子直流多速电机，由定子、转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成。特征在于：采用二相电枢绕组，按二相六极法通入二相直流电，形成多种步进距离的变化磁极、形成多种速度的定子磁场，驱动六极转子。
定子由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成。定子铁芯采用成熟技术，采用高磁通材料制造。例如采用硅钢、层叠硅钢等制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使各个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置向内朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，轭部连接各个齿部形成定子铁芯。定子电枢绕组相数为2，定子铁芯有2*Q个齿部、有2*Q段轭部；Q为定子磁场极对数是自然数，下面的叙述中以Q＝1为例。定子铁芯齿部又称定子极柱，定子极柱数等于定子铁芯的齿部数。定子铁芯顺时针方向为前方、为前进方向，逆时针方向为后方、为后退方向。
电枢绕组是通入二相直流电形成多种步进距离的变化磁极、形成多种速度定子磁场的电线结构，包括二相电枢绕组。电枢绕组有两种形式，采用其中之一。第一种形式是电枢绕组采用轭部绕组，每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，沿轭部按相序编号分段设置。轭部绕组设置规则是：在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为基极，在基极的前方按相序编号依次在各段轭部上设置二相二段正轭部绕组，再依次设置二相二段负轭部绕组，共设置二相四段轭部绕组。各段轭部绕组的电线和匝数等内容相同。每相中各段轭部绕组之间的连接方式，包括串联连接和并联连接，均采用成熟技术。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定，轭部定向方法是：平行于转子运动方向选定一个定子铁芯截面，设该截面图中顺时针方向为轭部磁通正向，即当轭部磁通的N端方向顺时针时该段轭部磁通为正向轭部磁通，当轭部磁通的N端方向逆时针时该段轭部磁通为负向轭部磁通；按右手螺旋定则，通入正电流时形成正向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为正轭部绕组，通入正电流时形成负向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为负轭部绕组，通入负电流时形成正向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为负轭部绕组，通入负电流时形成负向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为正轭部绕组。各段轭部绕组通入直流电有三种状态，一是通入电流，形成正向轭部磁通，二是通入电流，形成负向轭部磁通，三是断开回路不通入电流，形成无轭部磁通段但不阻止磁通通过。相邻的同向轭部磁通相互串联，形成一组轭部磁通；前方和后方都是异向轭部磁通的一段轭部磁通本身就是一组轭部磁通；每组轭部磁通有头部N端和尾部S端。轭部磁通聚集形成磁极的聚集法是：不同组的异向轭部磁通相互聚集，即N端与N端聚集，S端与S端聚集。聚集在最邻近的齿部形成磁极，轭部磁通N端最邻近的齿部形成N极，轭部磁通S端最邻近的齿部形成S极。随着通入直流电每步变化，变化的磁极形成变化的定子磁场。N极是北极，S极是南极，*是乘号，/是除号，+是正号、加号，-是负号、减号。所述各电枢绕组的相序编号是成熟技术，通常以小写英文字母顺序表示；本发明中就是a和b。
第二种形式是电枢绕组采用齿部绕组，每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的齿部绕制形成齿部绕组，按相序编号依次设置。齿部绕组设置规则是：在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为基极，从基极开始按相序编号依次在各个齿部上设置二相二个正齿部绕组，再依次设置二 相二个负齿部绕组，共设置二相四个齿部绕组。各个齿部绕组的电线和匝数等内容相同。每相中各个齿部绕组之间的连接方式，包括串联连接和并联连接，均采用成熟技术。各个齿部绕组的正负按齿部定向方法确定，齿部定向方法是：流通正电流时形成N极的齿部绕组为正齿部绕组，流通正电流时形成S极的齿部绕组为负齿部绕组。各齿部绕组通入直流电有三种状态，一是正齿部绕组通入正电流或负齿部绕组通入负电流，形成N极；二是正齿部绕组通入负电流或负齿部绕组通入正电流，形成S极；三是齿部绕组不通入电流，不形成磁极。随着通入直流电每步变化，磁极变化形成变化的定子磁场。
电枢绕组按二相六极法通入二相直流电，每一个通电周期包括4步，共4个相等的步长时间。每步通入的电流都与定子和转子的相对位置相关，选择每步开始与结束时机、选择直流电导通与关闭时间、选择电相位角度采用成熟技术。成熟技术包括在电机中设置传感器，获得每步位置信号，信号提供给电子控制器从而控制多相逆变器供给各相电枢绕组的电流。每一步通入电流，使转子转动一个步进距离后，开始下一步通入电流。电机启动和运行可以从任何一步开始，并不必须从第一步开始。二相六极法包括轭1号顺法、轭1号逆法、轭2号法、齿1号顺法、齿1号逆法和齿2号法，一共6种通入二相直流电形成多种速度定子磁场的法。轭1号顺法、轭1号逆法和轭2号法适用于轭部绕组，齿1号顺法、齿1号逆法和齿2号法适用于齿部绕组。轭1号顺法是：第1步，以基极为这一步S极，以基极前方第二个齿部为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则是电流使S极前方2段轭部绕组均形成正向轭部磁通同时电流使N极前方2段轭部绕组均形成负向轭部磁通；以后每一步(直至第4步)，以上一步S极前方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则不变；第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期；其定子磁场每一步步进距离为前进一个极心距。轭1号逆法是：第1步同轭1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第4步)，以上一步S极后方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则不变；第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期；其定子磁场每一步步进距离为后退一个极心距。轭2号法是：第1步同轭1号顺法第1步；第2步，以上一步S极前方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则不变；第3步同第1步；第4步同第2步；第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期；其交变定子磁场每一步相当于步进距离为前进二个极心距。这是在基极和基极前方第二个齿部形成交变定子磁场。推理可知，轭2号法还有另一种形式：第1步同轭1号顺法第2步；第2步，以上一步S极前方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则不变；第3步同第1步；第4步同第2步；第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期；其交变定子磁场每一步相当于步进距离 为前进二个极心距。这是在基极前方第一个齿部和基极前方第三个齿部形成交变定子磁场。所述交变定子磁场是磁极间距离为两个极心距的一对磁极交替变化的定子磁场。所述电流使某段轭部绕组形成负向轭部磁通，当该段轭部绕组为正轭部绕组时就是使其通入负电流，当该段轭部绕组为负轭部绕组时就是使其通入正电流。所述电流使某段轭部绕组形成正向轭部磁通，当该段轭部绕组为正轭部绕组时就是使其通入正电流，当该段轭部绕组为负轭部绕组时就是使其通入负电流。齿1号顺法是：第1步，以基极为这一步N极，以基极前方第二个齿部为这一步S极，通入直流电，电流规则是电流使S极齿部绕组形成负向齿部磁通同时电流使N极齿部绕组形成正向齿部磁通；以后每一步(直至第4步)，以上一步S极前方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则不变；第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期；其定子磁场每一步步进距离为前进一个极心距。齿1号逆法是：第1步同齿1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第4步)，以上一步S极后方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则不变；第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期；其定子磁场每一步步进距离为后退一个极心距。齿2号法是：第1步同齿1号顺法第1步；第2步，以上一步S极前方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则不变；第3步同第1步；第4步同第2步；第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期；其交变定子磁场每一步相当于步进距离为前进二个极心距。这是在基极和基极前方第二个齿部形成交变定子磁场。推理可知，齿2号法还有另一种形式：第1步同齿1号顺法第2步；第2步，以上一步S极前方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则不变；第3步同第1步；第4步同第2步；第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期；其交变定子磁场每一步相当于步进距离为前进二个极心距。这是在基极前方第一个齿部和基极前方第三个齿部形成交变磁场。所述电流使某个齿部绕组形成负向齿部磁通，当该齿部绕组为正齿部绕组时就是使其通入负电流，当该齿部绕组为负齿部绕组时就是使其通入正电流。所述电流使某个齿部绕组形成正向齿部磁通，当该齿部绕组为正齿部绕组时就是使其通入正电流，当该齿部绕组为负齿部绕组时就是使其通入负电流。二相六极法每一步的核心，是通过具体通入的电流使各电枢绕组形成步进距离正确的变化磁极。
如上所述，各1号顺法每一步使定子磁场顺时针转动1个极心距，各1号逆法每一步使定子磁场逆时针转动1个极心距，各2号法每一步使交变定子磁场移动2个极心距。所述极心距是相邻的两个定子齿部顶部中心之间的弧度。在每一步步长时间相同的条件下，本发明选择采用各1号顺法和各1号逆法之一可以形成转动定子磁场，可以使转子启动并按每步30 度的速度转动，转子转动方向与定子磁场转动方向相反；选择采用各2号法之一可以形成交变定子磁场，可以使已经转动的转子按原转动方向按每步60度的速度继续转动。
在轭部绕组设置规则(或齿部绕组设置规则)中，把任一相电枢绕组的二段轭部绕组(或二个齿部绕组)均改为方向相反的二段轭部绕组(或二个齿部绕组)；在二相六极法的每一种通电法的每一步中，把该相通入的原直流电对应改为方向相反的直流电，则本发明不变。
与传统直流永磁电机一样，在控制机构性能满足的条件下，二相定子六极转子直流电机也可以流通二相交流电。当a相电枢绕组流通+A相交流电、b相电枢绕组流通+B相交流电时，形成顺时针转动定子磁场。当a相电枢绕组流通+B相交流电、b相电枢绕组流通+A相交流电时，形成逆时针转动定子磁场。转动定子磁场可以使转子启动、运行。转子转动方向与定子磁场转动方向相反，转子转速为定子磁场转速的三分之一。当采用轭部绕组的a相电枢绕组流通+A相交流电、b相电枢绕组流通+A相交流电时，或采用齿部绕组的a相电枢绕组流通+A相交流电时，在基极和基极前方第二个齿部形成交变定子磁场。当采用轭部绕组的a相电枢绕组流通+A相交流电、b相电枢绕组流通-A相交流电时，或采用齿部绕组的b相电枢绕组流通+A相交流电时，在基极前方第一个齿部和基极前方第三个齿部形成交变定子磁场。交变定子磁场可以使已经转动的转子按原转动方向运行。流通交流电时，转动定子磁场、交变定子磁场的速度由交流电的频率决定。所述二相交流电是每相电流电势随时间按正弦分布变化的二相电流，包括正弦交流电、接近正弦的交流电、逆变器产生的模拟正弦交流电等，均为成熟技术。其中+A相交流电电相位比+B相交流电电相位超前90度。+A相交流电电相位与-A相交流电电相位错开180度。
本发明各实施例讲述的都是一对极对数定子的电机，本发明还包括多对极对数定子的电机；从一对极对数定子电机推导多对极对数定子电机是业内成熟技术。本发明各实施例讲述的都是一个定子与一个转子匹配的电机，本发明还包括双定子与一个转子匹配的电机、双转子与一个定子匹配的电机；推导双定子电机、双转子电机是业内成熟技术。
转子采用六极转子，包括三对极对数永磁转子和三对极对数励磁转子，采用其中之一；六个磁极组成三对磁极，也称三对极对数。永磁转子由永磁体形成磁极，励磁转子由励磁绕组流通励磁电流形成磁极，均为成熟技术。控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和二相逆变器组成，控制机构与二相定子的电路连接，控制选择二相电枢绕组通入直流电的法。转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
图1至图3是一对极对数的二相定子六极转子直流多速电机剖面图，电枢绕组采用轭部绕组。图1是轭1号顺法、轭1号逆法、轭2号法的第1步。图2是轭1号顺法第2步、轭1号逆法第4步。图3是轭1号顺法第3步、轭1号逆法第3步、轭2号法第2步。图4至 图6是一对极对数的二相定子六极转子直流多速电机剖面图，电枢绕组采用齿部绕组。图4是齿1号顺法、齿1号逆法、齿2号法的第1步。图5是齿1号顺法第2步、齿1号逆法第4步。图6是齿1号顺法第3步、齿1号逆法第3步、齿2号法第2步。
传统无刷直流电机，电枢绕组采用三相或更多相，控制三相、多相的控制机构包括传感器、电子控制器和逆变器都很复杂，只有一种步进距离，电机只有一种额定转速。最新的直流无刷电机是《轭绕组多极多速直流定子》或《齿绕组多极多速直流定子》组成的电机，可以实现多速额定转速，但都采用三相以及更多相电枢绕组，结构复杂。二相定子六极转子直流多速电机，采用二相电枢绕组，简化了定子结构，控制二相的控制机构包括传感器、电子控制器和逆变器都很简单；通入直流电采用二相六极法，可有多种步进距离，电机有多种额定转速，在增加电机功能的同时简化了电机结构。在此之前没有相同的电机。
所述定子铁芯、高磁通材料、轭部、齿部、极柱、磁极、聚集、转动定子磁场、交变定子磁场和极对数均为成熟技术。所述电线、绕组、绕制、电枢绕组、轭部绕组、齿部绕组、连接、步长、极心距和弧度均为成熟技术。
附图说明
图1是一对极对数的二相定子六极转子直流多速电机剖面之一，是实施例1示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,-a和-b)共四段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子铁芯，5为永磁体，有六极。
图2是一对极对数的二相定子六极转子直流多速电机剖面之二，是实施例1示意图之二。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,-a和-b)共四段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子铁芯，5为永磁体，有六极。
图3是一对极对数的二相定子六极转子直流多速电机剖面之三，是实施例1示意图之三。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为轭部绕组，有(+a,+b,-a和-b)共四段，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子铁芯，5为永磁体，有六极。
图4是一对极对数的二相定子六极转子直流多速电机剖面之四，是实施例2示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,-a和-b)共四个，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子铁芯，5为永磁体，有六极。
图5是一对极对数的二相定子六极转子直流多速电机剖面之五，是实施例2示意图之二。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,-a和-b)共四个，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子铁芯，5为永磁体，有六极。
图6是一对极对数的二相定子六极转子直流多速电机剖面之六，是实施例2示意图之三。
图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为齿部绕组，有(+a,+b,-a和-b)共四个，3为定子铁芯齿部，4为永磁转子铁芯，5为永磁体，有六极。
各图中各电枢绕组以少数匝数电线示意，实际电线匝数按实际需要设置。大括号标示各轭部绕组的相位序号，齿部绕组的相位序号标示在齿部中。支承部件、机壳和控制机构等未画出。在二相六极法第某步时形成的轭部磁通方向如该轭部中所画箭头所示，形成的齿部磁通形成的磁极如图中齿部中的S和N所示。转子永磁体的N极方向如永磁体中所画箭头所示。图3、图4和图5中的转子位置可忽略。各部件只示意相互关系，未反映实际尺寸。
具体实施方式
实施例1：一对极对数的二相定子六极转子直流多速电机，由定子、转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成。定子电枢绕组采用轭部绕组。
定子由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成。定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使四个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，四段轭部连接四个齿部形成定子铁芯。
电枢绕组采用轭部绕组，采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，沿轭部按相序编号分段设置。轭部绕组设置规则是：在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为基极，在基极的前方按相序编号(a和b)依次设置二相二段正轭部绕组，即+a轭部绕组和+b轭部绕组，再依次设置二相二段负轭部绕组，即-a轭部绕组和-b轭部绕组，共设置二相四段轭部绕组。每相中2段轭部绕组之间是串联连接。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定，轭部定向方法是：平行于转子运动方向选定一个定子铁芯截面，设该截面图中顺时针方向为轭部磁通正向，即当轭部磁通的N端方向顺时针时该段轭部磁通为正向轭部磁通，当轭部磁通的N端方向逆时针时该段轭部磁通为负向轭部磁通；按右手螺旋定则，通入正电流时形成正向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为正轭部绕组，通入正电流时形成负向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为负轭部绕组，通入负电流时形成正向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为负轭部绕组，通入负电流时形成负向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为正轭部绕组。各段轭部绕组通入直流电有三种状态，一是通入电流，形成正向轭部磁通，二是通入电流，形成负向轭部磁通，三是断开回路不通入电流，形成无轭部磁通段但不阻止磁通通过。相邻的同向轭部磁通相互串联，形成一组轭部磁通；前方和后方都是异向轭部磁通的一段轭部磁通本身就是一组轭部磁通；每组轭部磁通有头部N端和尾部S端。轭部磁通聚集形成磁极的聚集法是：不同组的异向轭部磁通相互聚集，即N端与N端聚集，S端与S端聚集。聚集在最邻近的齿部形成磁极，轭部磁通N端最邻近的齿部形成N极，轭部磁通S端最邻近的齿部形成S极。随着通入直流电每步变化，变化的磁极形成变化的定子磁场。
电枢绕组按二相六极法通入二相直流电，每一个通电周期包括4步，共4个相等的步长时间。本实施例二相六极法包括轭1号顺法、轭1号逆法和轭2号法，一共3种通入二相直流电形成定子磁场的法。轭1号顺法是：第1步，以基极为这一步S极，以基极前方第二个齿部为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则是电流使S极前方2段轭部绕组均形成正向轭部磁通同时电流使N极前方2段轭部绕组均形成负向轭部磁通；以后每一步(直至第4步)，以上一步S极前方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则不变；第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期；其定子磁场每一步步进距离为前进一个极心距。轭1号逆法是：第1步同轭1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第4步)，以上一步S极后方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则不变；第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期；其定子磁场每一步步进距离为后退一个极心距。轭2号法是：第1步同轭1号顺法第1步；第2步，以上一步S极前方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则不变；第3步同第1步；第4步同第2步；第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期；其交变定子磁场每一步相当于步进距离为前进二个极心距。这是在基极和基极前方第二个齿部形成交变定子磁场。例如轭1号顺法第1步是a相电枢绕组和b相电枢绕组均通入正电流；第2步是b相电枢绕组通入正电流，a相电枢绕组通入负电流；第3步是a相电枢绕组和b相电枢绕组均通入负电流；第4步是a相电枢绕组通入正电流，b相电枢绕组通入负电流；第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期。轭1号逆法可依此类推。又例如轭2号法第1步同轭1号顺法第1步；第2步是a相电枢绕组和b相电枢绕组均通入负电流；第3步同第1步；第4步同第2步；第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期。
控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和二相逆变器组成。转子采用六极转子，永磁体形成三对极对数，参见图1。图中转子的永磁体相互之间距离贴近，实际永磁体之间会有绝缘体隔开。转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
图1是轭1号顺法、轭1号逆法和轭2号法的第1步。图2是轭1号顺法第2步、轭1号逆法第4步。图3是轭2号法第2步、轭1号顺法第3步、轭1号逆法第3步。控制机构选择轭1号顺法时，每一步，定子磁场向前转动90度，六极转子逆时针转动30度。控制机构选择轭1号逆法时，每一步，定子磁场向后转动90度，六极转子顺时针转动30度。控制机构选择轭2号法时，每一步，交变定子磁场移动180度，六极转子按原已转动方向转动60度。在每一步步长时间相等的条件下，该电机具有两种绝对值不同的额定转速，显然只选择其中一种转速就成为单速额定转速电机。
实施例2：一对极对数的二相定子六极转子直流多速电机，由定子、转子、支承部件、 机壳和控制机构等部件组成。定子电枢绕组采用齿部绕组。
定子由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成。定子铁芯采用成熟技术采用层叠硅钢制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使四个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，四段轭部连接四个齿部形成定子铁芯。
电枢绕组采用齿部绕组，采用电线围绕定子铁芯的齿部绕制形成齿部绕组，按相序编号依次设置。齿部绕组设置规则是：在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为基极，从基极开始按相序编号(a和b)依次在各个齿部上设置二相二个正齿部绕组，即+a齿部绕组和+b齿部绕组，再依次设置二相二个负齿部绕组，即-a齿部绕组和-b齿部绕组，共设置二相四个齿部绕组。每相中二个齿部绕组之间是串联连接。各个齿部绕组的正负按齿部定向方法确定，齿部定向方法是：流通正电流时形成N极的齿部绕组为正齿部绕组，流通正电流时形成S极的齿部绕组为负齿部绕组。各齿部绕组通入直流电有三种状态，一是正齿部绕组通入正电流或负齿部绕组通入负电流，形成N极；二是正齿部绕组通入负电流或负齿部绕组通入正电流，形成S极；三是齿部绕组不通入电流，不形成磁极。随着通入直流电每步变化，磁极变化形成变化的定子磁场。
电枢绕组按二相六极法通入二相直流电，每一个通电周期包括4步，共4个相等的步长时间。本实施例二相六极法包括齿1号顺法、齿1号逆法和齿2号法，一共3种通入二相直流电形成定子磁场的法。齿1号顺法是：第1步，以基极为这一步N极，以基极前方第二个齿部为这一步S极，通入直流电，电流规则是电流使S极齿部绕组形成负向齿部磁通同时电流使N极齿部绕组形成正向齿部磁通；以后每一步(直至第4步)，以上一步S极前方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则不变；第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期；其定子磁场每一步步进距离为前进一个极心距。齿1号逆法是：第1步同齿1号顺法第1步；以后每一步(直至第4步)，以上一步S极后方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则不变；第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期；其定子磁场每一步步进距离为后退一个极心距。齿2号法是：第1步同齿1号顺法第1步；第2步，以上一步S极前方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则不变；第3步同第1步；第4步同第2步；第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期；其交变定子磁场每一步相当于步进距离为前进二个极心距。这是在基极和基极前方第二个齿部形成交变定子磁场。例如齿1号顺法第1步是a相电枢绕组通入正电流；第2步是b相电枢绕组通入正电流；第3步是a相电枢绕组通入负电流；第4步是b相电枢绕组通入负电流；第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期。齿1号逆法可依此类推。又例如齿2号法第1步同 齿1号顺法第1步；第2步是a相电枢绕组通入负电流；第3步同第1步；第4步同第2步；第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期。
控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和二相逆变器组成。转子采用六极转子，永磁体形成三对极对数，参见图6。图中转子的永磁体相互之间距离贴近，实际永磁体之间会有绝缘体隔开。转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
图4是齿1号顺法、齿1号逆法、齿2号法的第1步。图5是齿1号顺法第2步、齿1号逆法第4步。图6是齿2号法第2步、齿1号顺法第3步、齿1号逆法第3步。控制机构选择齿1号顺法时，每一步，定子磁场向前转动90度，六极转子逆时针转动30度。控制机构选择齿1号逆法时，每一步，定子磁场向后转动90度，六极转子顺时针转动30度。控制机构选择齿2号法时，每一步，交变定子磁场移动180度，六极转子按原已转动方向转动60度。在每一步步长时间相等的条件下，该电机具有两种绝对值不同的额定转速，显然只选择其中一种转速就成为单速额定转速电机。
在以上各实施例中，未显示定子的极弧、齿宽、齿高(极高)、齿形、轭厚度、线径、匝数、转子的详细性质和控制机构的详细性质等指标，对这些指标的优化选取均采用成熟技术。
以上描述了本发明基本原理、主要特征和优点，业内技术人员应该了解，本发明不限于上述实施例，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明的变化与改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求及同等物界定。

Claims (2)

  1. 二相定子六极转子直流多速电机，由定子、转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构等部件组成，特征在于：采用二相电枢绕组，按二相六极法通入二相直流电，形成多种步进距离的变化磁极、形成多种速度的定子磁场，驱动六极转子；
    定子由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，定子铁芯包括齿部和轭部；
    电枢绕组包括二相电枢绕组，电枢绕组有两种形式，采用其中之一；第一种形式是电枢绕组采用轭部绕组，每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，沿轭部按相序编号分段设置；轭部绕组设置规则是：在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为基极，在基极的前方按相序编号依次在各段轭部上设置二相二段正轭部绕组，再依次设置二相二段负轭部绕组，共设置二相四段轭部绕组；各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定；相邻的同向轭部磁通相互串联，形成一组轭部磁通；前方和后方都是异向轭部磁通的一段轭部磁通本身就是一组轭部磁通；每组轭部磁通有头部N端和尾部S端；轭部磁通聚集形成磁极的聚集法是：不同组的异向轭部磁通相互聚集，即N端与N端聚集，S端与S端聚集，聚集在最邻近的齿部形成磁极，轭部磁通N端最邻近的齿部形成N极，轭部磁通S端最邻近的齿部形成S极，随着通入直流电每步变化，变化的磁极形成变化的定子磁场；
    电枢绕组按二相六极法通入二相直流电，每一个通电周期包括4步，共4个相等的步长时间；适用于轭部绕组的二相六极法包括轭1号顺法、轭1号逆法和轭2号法，一共3种通入二相直流电形成定子磁场的法；轭1号顺法是：第1步，以基极为这一步S极，以基极前方第二个齿部为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则是电流使S极前方2段轭部绕组均形成正向轭部磁通同时电流使N极前方2段轭部绕组均形成负向轭部磁通，以后每一步(直至第4步)，以上一步S极前方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则不变，第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期，其定子磁场每一步步进距离为前进一个极心距；轭1号逆法是：第1步同轭1号顺法第1步，以后每一步(直至第4步)，以上一步S极后方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则不变，第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期，其定子磁场每一步步进距离为后退一个极心距；轭2号法是：第1步同轭1号顺法第1步，第2步，以上一步S极前方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则不变，第3步同第1步，第4步同第2步，第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期，其交变定子磁场每一步相当于步进距离为前进二个极心距；
    转子采用六极转子，包括三对极对数永磁转子和三对极对数励磁转子，采用其中之一；控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和二相逆变器组成；转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的二相定子六极转子直流多速电机，改为第二种形式是电枢绕组采用齿部绕组，每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的齿部绕制形成齿部绕组，按相序编号依次设置。齿部绕组设置规则是：在定子铁芯上选定一个齿部作为基极，从基极开始按相序编号依次在各个齿部上设置二相二个正齿部绕组，再依次设置二相二个负齿部绕组，共设置二相四个齿部绕组；各个齿部绕组的正负按齿部定向方法确定；随着通入直流电每步变化，磁极变化形成变化的定子磁场；
    电枢绕组按二相六极法通入二相直流电，每一个通电周期包括4步，共4个相等的步长时间；适用于齿部绕组的二相六极法包括齿1号顺法、齿1号逆法和齿2号法，一共3种通入二相直流电形成定子磁场的法；齿1号顺法是：第1步，以基极为这一步N极，以基极前方第二个齿部为这一步S极，通入直流电，电流规则是电流使S极齿部绕组形成负向齿部磁通同时电流使N极齿部绕组形成正向齿部磁通，以后每一步(直至第4步)，以上一步S极前方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则不变，第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期，其定子磁场每一步步进距离为前进一个极心距；齿1号逆法是：第1步同齿1号顺法第1步，以后每一步(直至第4步)，以上一步S极后方第一个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极后方第一个齿部作为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则不变，第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期，其定子磁场每一步步进距离为后退一个极心距；齿2号法是：第1步同齿1号顺法第1步，第2步，以上一步S极前方第二个齿部作为这一步S极，以上一步N极前方第二个齿部作为这一步N极，通入直流电，电流规则不变，第3步同第1步，第4步同第2步，第5步同第1步，开始下一个通电周期，其交变定子磁场每一步相当于步进距离为前进二个极心距；
    转子采用六极转子，包括三对极对数永磁转子和三对极对数励磁转子，采用其中之一；控制机构由传感器、电子控制器和二相逆变器组成；转子、支承部件、机壳和控制机构采用成熟技术。
PCT/CN2022/079506 2022-03-07 2022-03-07 二相定子六极转子直流多速电机 WO2023168552A1 (zh)

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EP0096468A2 (en) * 1982-06-07 1983-12-21 Eaton Corporation Ferrite permanent magnet electrical machine and the application thereof within vehicle traction drives
CA1175475A (en) * 1982-03-09 1984-10-02 Louis W. Parker Electronic commutation for direct current electric motors
US6150791A (en) * 1998-05-22 2000-11-21 Switched Reluctance Drives Limited Operation of switched reluctance machines
CN102790478A (zh) * 2012-07-18 2012-11-21 王新友 一种将线圈绕在磁轭上的开关磁阻电动机制造方法
CN202840705U (zh) * 2012-09-18 2013-03-27 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 用于直流电机的定子和具有该定子的直流电机
CN205178671U (zh) * 2015-06-25 2016-04-20 顾明 一种定子及其相应的无刷直流、三相开关磁阻和罩极电机

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1175475A (en) * 1982-03-09 1984-10-02 Louis W. Parker Electronic commutation for direct current electric motors
EP0096468A2 (en) * 1982-06-07 1983-12-21 Eaton Corporation Ferrite permanent magnet electrical machine and the application thereof within vehicle traction drives
US6150791A (en) * 1998-05-22 2000-11-21 Switched Reluctance Drives Limited Operation of switched reluctance machines
CN102790478A (zh) * 2012-07-18 2012-11-21 王新友 一种将线圈绕在磁轭上的开关磁阻电动机制造方法
CN202840705U (zh) * 2012-09-18 2013-03-27 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 用于直流电机的定子和具有该定子的直流电机
CN205178671U (zh) * 2015-06-25 2016-04-20 顾明 一种定子及其相应的无刷直流、三相开关磁阻和罩极电机

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