WO2023164865A1 - 三相轭部绕组变极定子 - Google Patents

三相轭部绕组变极定子 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023164865A1
WO2023164865A1 PCT/CN2022/078987 CN2022078987W WO2023164865A1 WO 2023164865 A1 WO2023164865 A1 WO 2023164865A1 CN 2022078987 W CN2022078987 W CN 2022078987W WO 2023164865 A1 WO2023164865 A1 WO 2023164865A1
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Prior art keywords
yoke
phase
pole
winding
interface
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PCT/CN2022/078987
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English (en)
French (fr)
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罗灿
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罗灿
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Priority to PCT/CN2022/078987 priority Critical patent/WO2023164865A1/zh
Publication of WO2023164865A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023164865A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
    • H02K17/12—Asynchronous induction motors for multi-phase current
    • H02K17/14—Asynchronous induction motors for multi-phase current having windings arranged for permitting pole-changing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a three-phase AC pole-changing stator whose armature winding adopts a yoke winding. Specifically, the armature windings of each phase are arranged along the yoke section with the yoke winding; the three-phase alternating current flows, and the positive yoke magnetic flux and the negative yoke magnetic flux formed by the yoke windings of each section are gathered, and the most adjacent teeth
  • the magnetic poles are formed to form the magnetic field of the rotating stator; the control circuit controls the energization mode of the armature winding to switch between the energization mode 1 and the energization mode 2 to realize pole change. This is the three-phase yoke winding pole-changing stator.
  • the components of the motor include stators, rotors, poles, supporting components, casings, and control circuits.
  • the motor is generally a cylindrical rotor located inside the center of the motor, and a circular stator located outside to surround the rotor. This is an inner rotor radial flux motor.
  • Topological technology can realize that the cylindrical stator is located inside the center of the motor, and the ring-shaped rotor is located outside to surround the stator, which is an outer rotor radial flux motor.
  • Topological technology can also realize that the disk-shaped stator is located on one side of the motor, and the disk-shaped rotor is located on the other side of the motor. Both the stator and the rotor rotate around the motor shaft, which is an axial flux motor.
  • Topological technology can also realize a linear motor in which the linear stator and the linear rotor move in parallel.
  • the topology technology described is a mature technology. All motors strive to reduce volume and weight and improve efficiency.
  • the motor can be improved by improving the stator, the key component of the motor.
  • the armature winding of the pole-changing stator uses wires to wind around the teeth of the stator core to form tooth windings. Phase alternating current, each tooth winding directly forms magnetic poles, and the changing magnetic poles form a rotating stator magnetic field to drive the cage-shaped induction rotor; the control circuit controls the stator to change poles.
  • the space between the teeth is the slot.
  • the wires parallel to the motor shaft in the tooth winding of the traditional pole-changing stator are all arranged in the slot.
  • the slot depth needs to be deep, the height of the tooth is high, and the self-weight of the tooth is large.
  • the magnetic fields formed by the tooth windings of different phases arranged in the same slot will interfere with each other, so the efficiency of the traditional motor is not high. If the armature winding of the pole-changing stator is changed to a yoke winding, the depth of the slot is shallower, the height of the teeth is lower, the self-weight of the teeth is smaller, and the motor efficiency is higher.
  • the three-phase alternating current is a three-phase current in which the current potential of each phase changes sinusoidally over time, including sinusoidal alternating current, near-sinusoidal alternating current, and simulated sinusoidal alternating current generated by an inverter, all of which are mature technologies.
  • the A-phase, B-phase and C-phase currents in the three-phase alternating current lag behind the previous phase current by 120 degrees.
  • the control of three-phase alternating current adopts mature technologies, such as current hysteresis control, space vector control, variable voltage variable frequency control, field oriented control, direct torque control, optimal efficiency control, pulse width modulation control and sensorless control, etc.
  • the present invention proposes a three-phase AC pole-changing stator in which the armature winding adopts the yoke winding, which is to improve the motor by improving the stator, reduce the self-weight of the motor, and improve the efficiency of the motor.
  • the motor industry needs the three-phase yoke winding pole-changing stator of the present invention to improve the motor.
  • the three-phase yoke winding pole-changing stator of the present invention is composed of a stator core and an armature winding, and can form a motor with components such as a rotor, electrodes, supporting components, a casing, and a control circuit.
  • the rotor, poles, supporting parts, casing and control circuit adopt mature technology.
  • the constituent motors are of mature technology.
  • the present invention is characterized in that: the armature windings of each phase are wound with electric wires around the yoke of the stator core to form the yoke windings arranged along the yoke section, and the control circuit controls the energization mode of the armature winding to switch between energization mode 1 and energization mode 2 , the number of pole pairs of the rotating stator magnetic field is switched between a small number of pole pairs and a large number of pole pairs.
  • the stator core adopts mature technology and is made of high magnetic flux materials.
  • it is made of silicon steel, laminated silicon steel, and the like.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that each tooth is uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction and faces the rotor inwardly, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the yoke is connected to each tooth to form the stator core.
  • the armature winding is a wire structure that flows through the three-phase alternating current to form a changing yoke magnetic flux and finally forms the magnetic field of the rotating stator, including the three-phase armature winding.
  • the armature winding of each phase adopts electric wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form the yoke winding, and the segments are arranged along the yoke.
  • Each phase of the armature winding includes the same number of segments of the yoke winding, and the wires and the number of turns of each segment of the yoke winding are the same.
  • each section of the yoke winding is determined according to the yoke orientation method: select a stator core section parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and set the clockwise direction in the cross-sectional view as the positive direction of the yoke magnetic flux, that is, when the yoke magnetic flux
  • the N pole direction of the yoke is clockwise, it is the positive yoke flux
  • the N pole direction of the yoke flux is counterclockwise, it is the negative yoke flux.
  • the yoke winding that forms a positive yoke magnetic flux when a positive current flows is a positive yoke winding
  • the yoke winding that forms a negative yoke magnetic flux when a positive current flows is a negative yoke winding.
  • the yoke winding that forms a positive yoke magnetic flux when a current flows is a negative yoke winding
  • the yoke winding that forms a negative yoke magnetic flux when a negative current flows is a positive yoke winding.
  • Yoke winding setting method 6 sections of yoke windings are arranged clockwise on the yoke, that is, a-phase positive yoke winding (+a), c-phase negative yoke winding (-c), b-phase positive yoke Winding (+b), a-phase negative yoke winding (-a), c-phase positive yoke winding (+c) and b-phase negative yoke winding (-b), as shown in Figure 1.
  • Each phase of the armature winding includes two sections of yoke windings, and the connection circuits of two sections of yoke windings for phase a, phase b and phase c are shown in Fig. 3 .
  • the control circuit controls the energization mode of the armature winding to switch between energization mode 1 and energization mode 2.
  • the energization mode 1 is: flow A-phase alternating current between interface 1 and interface 3, and interface 2 is disconnected and vacant. Phase B alternating current flows between them, interface 7 is disconnected and vacant, phase C alternating current flows between interface 11 to interface 13, and interface 12 is disconnected and vacant.
  • the positive yoke winding of phase a and the negative yoke winding of phase a are connected in series
  • the positive yoke winding of phase b and the negative yoke winding of phase b are connected in series, and the positive yoke winding of phase c and the negative yoke winding of phase c are connected in series; at this time, the number of pole pairs of the rotating stator magnetic field is small and the number of pole pairs is 1.
  • the second way of power supply is: between the interface 1 to the interface 2, and between the interface 3 and the interface 2, the A-phase alternating current is circulated synchronously, between the interface 6 and the interface 7, and the B phase is synchronously circulated between the interface 8 and the interface 7.
  • phase alternating current between the interface 11 and the interface 12, and between the interface 13 and the interface 12, the phase C alternating current flows synchronously.
  • the reverse circuit of the positive yoke winding of phase a and the negative yoke winding of phase a is connected in parallel
  • the inverse circuit of the positive yoke winding of phase b and the negative yoke winding of phase b is connected in parallel
  • the inverse circuit of the positive yoke winding of phase c and the negative yoke winding of phase c is connected in parallel; at this time, the number of pole pairs of the rotating stator magnetic field is large
  • the number of pole pairs is 2.
  • the setting method of the yoke winding is equivalent to: 6 segments of yoke windings are arranged clockwise on the yoke, that is, a-phase positive yoke winding (+a), c-phase positive yoke winding (+c), b-phase positive yoke winding (+b), a-phase positive yoke winding (+a), c-phase positive yoke winding (+c) and b-phase positive yoke winding (+b), where The two sections of positive yoke windings of phase a, phase b, and phase c are connected in parallel, and the yoke windings of phase a, phase b, and phase c flow A-phase alternating current, B-phase alternating current, and C-phase alternating current respectively.
  • the largest pole logarithm is equal to the small pole logarithm multiplied by 2.
  • each yoke winding When the three-phase alternating current flows through each yoke winding, some sections of the yoke winding form a positive yoke magnetic flux, and other sections of the yoke winding form a negative yoke magnetic flux, and the yoke magnetic flux in each section of the yoke is only one either direction, or the flux is zero.
  • the magnetic fluxes of adjacent co-directional yokes are connected in series, and the magnetic fluxes of adjacent non-directional yokes gather together. Gathered at the nearest adjacent teeth to form poles.
  • Adjacent yoke magnetic fluxes in the same direction are connected in series to form a set of yoke magnetic fluxes, and the teeth of the adjacent teeth of a set of yoke magnetic flux heads (one end of the N pole) form tooth magnetic fluxes to form N poles.
  • the tooth portion closest to the tail portion of the yoke magnetic flux (one end of the S pole) forms the tooth portion magnetic flux to form the S pole.
  • the control circuit controls the armature winding energization mode to switch between energization mode 1 and energization mode 2
  • the combination of the yoke magnetic flux formed by each yoke winding is switching, the number of magnetic poles formed by aggregation is switching, and the formed rotating stator magnetic field
  • the number of pole pairs switches between a small number of pole pairs and a large number of pole pairs.
  • Rotating the stator magnetic field to drive the rotor is a mature technology.
  • the N pole is the north pole
  • the S pole is the south pole
  • + is a positive sign
  • - is a negative sign.
  • the stator of the present invention can be used as a component for three-phase AC pole-changing motors, double-pole-changing double-fed asynchronous motors, hysteresis-changing pole motors, and the like.
  • the present invention forms a three-phase AC pole-changing motor with components such as a cage-shaped induction rotor.
  • the pole-pair number of the rotor magnetic field automatically generated by the cage-shaped induction rotor is equal to the pole-pair number of the stator magnetic field; see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 .
  • the invention forms a double-pole-changing double-fed asynchronous motor with components such as a wound-type single-phase pole-changing rotor.
  • the armature windings of each phase are wound around the teeth of the stator core, and the windings of each tooth form the magnetic poles and finally form the magnetic field of the rotating stator.
  • the adoption of the yoke windings in the present invention is an innovation on the stator structure, and is also an innovation on the operating mechanism of the yoke windings forming the yoke magnetic flux, gathering them to form magnetic poles, and finally forming the magnetic field of the rotating stator.
  • the advantage of the present invention is that the efficiency of forming the stator magnetic field is high due to the magnetic flux gathering effect of the yoke to form the magnetic poles.
  • the invention innovates the structure of the stator, reduces the dead weight and improves the efficiency. There was no identical stator before this.
  • stator in the present invention takes the radial flux inner rotor motor stator as an example, and the present invention also includes radial flux outer rotor motor stators, axial flux motor stators and linear motor stators. Those skilled in the industry can easily deduce it by using topology technology.
  • the three-phase yoke winding pole-changing stator with the number of stator pole pairs changing between 1 and 2 is described; the present invention also includes the three-phase stator with the number of stator pole pairs changing between N and 2*N
  • the pole-changing stator of the phase yoke windings can be deduced by those skilled in the industry using public knowledge, where N is a natural number. These stators and motors using these stators all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
  • stator core rotor core
  • high magnetic flux material yoke
  • yoke tooth, tooth height, slot depth, magnetic pole, aggregation, rotating stator magnetic field and pole pair number
  • wires, wire diameters, connectors, turns, windings, armature windings, tooth windings, winding, positive poles, negative poles, connections, electrical phases, cage-shaped induction rotors and hysteresis rotors are all mature technologies.
  • wound-type single-phase pole-changing rotor refer to the specification of the patent "Double-changing pole-changing doubly-fed asynchronous motor" filed on the same day.
  • FIG. 1 is the first cross-sectional view of the three-phase yoke winding pole-changing stator, which is also one of the schematic diagrams of the first embodiment.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth
  • 3 is the yoke winding
  • 4 is Rotor core
  • 5 is cage induction rotor bar.
  • FIG. 2 is the second cross-sectional view of the three-phase yoke winding pole-changing stator, which is also the second schematic diagram of the first embodiment.
  • 1 is the stator core yoke
  • 2 is the stator core tooth
  • 3 is the yoke winding
  • 4 is Rotor core
  • 5 is cage induction rotor bar.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the three-phase yoke windings changing the pole windings of the stator yoke windings.
  • 1 is port 1
  • 2 is port 2
  • 3 is port 3
  • 4 is +a yoke winding
  • 5 is -a yoke winding
  • 6 is port 6
  • 7 is port 7
  • 8 is port 8
  • 9 is +b yoke winding
  • 10 is -b yoke winding
  • 11 is interface 11
  • 12 is interface 12
  • 13 is interface 13
  • 14 is +c yoke winding
  • 15 is -c yoke winding
  • 16 is motor casing contour line.
  • the curly brackets indicate the phase number of each yoke winding.
  • the phase number is a mature technology for winding labeling.
  • Each yoke winding is represented by a small number of turns of wires, and the actual number of turns of wires is set according to actual needs.
  • the electrodes, supporting parts and casing are not shown, and the front and rear rings of the cage-shaped induction rotor are not shown.
  • the number of guide bars of the cage-shaped induction rotor is for reference only, and the actual number is set according to actual needs.
  • the control circuit is not shown. Each component only shows the mutual relationship, and does not reflect the actual size.
  • Embodiment 1 Three-phase yoke winding pole-changing stator, which is composed of stator core and armature winding, and can be composed of three-phase yoke winding pole-changing components with cage-shaped induction rotor, electrodes, supporting components, casing and control circuit motor.
  • the cage-shaped induction rotor, poles, supporting parts, casing and control circuit adopt mature technology.
  • the stator core is made of high magnetic flux material laminated silicon steel, using mature technology.
  • the stator core is set as required, so that the six teeth are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction toward the rotor, the yoke is in the shape of a ring parallel to the moving direction of the rotor, and the six-section yoke connects the six teeth to form the stator core.
  • the armature winding is a three-phase armature winding.
  • the armature winding of each phase uses electric wires to wind around the yoke of the stator core to form a yoke winding, which is arranged along the yoke section.
  • the connection mode between the two sections of the yoke windings of each phase of the armature winding can be switched.
  • the positive and negative of each yoke winding is determined by the yoke orientation method.
  • Yoke winding setting method 6 sections of yoke windings are arranged clockwise on the yoke, that is, a-phase positive yoke winding (+a), c-phase negative yoke winding (-c), b-phase positive yoke Winding (+b), a-phase negative yoke winding (-a), c-phase positive yoke winding (+c) and b-phase negative yoke winding (-b), as shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 for the connection circuits of the two yoke windings of phase a, phase b and phase c respectively.
  • the control circuit controls the energization mode of the armature winding to switch between energization mode 1 and energization mode 2.
  • the energization mode 1 is: flow A-phase alternating current between interface 1 and interface 3, and interface 2 is disconnected and vacant. Phase B alternating current flows between them, interface 7 is disconnected and vacant, phase C alternating current flows between interface 11 to interface 13, and interface 12 is disconnected and vacant.
  • the positive yoke winding of phase a and the negative yoke winding of phase a are connected in series
  • the positive yoke winding of phase b and the negative yoke winding of phase b are connected in series, and the positive yoke winding of phase c and the negative yoke winding of phase c are connected in series; at this time, the number of pole pairs of the rotating stator magnetic field is small and the number of pole pairs is 1.
  • the second way of power supply is: between the interface 1 to the interface 2, and between the interface 3 and the interface 2, the A-phase alternating current is circulated synchronously, between the interface 6 and the interface 7, and the B phase is synchronously circulated between the interface 8 and the interface 7.
  • phase alternating current between the interface 11 and the interface 12, and between the interface 13 and the interface 12, the phase C alternating current flows synchronously.
  • the reverse circuit of the positive yoke winding of phase a and the negative yoke winding of phase a is connected in parallel
  • the inverse circuit of the positive yoke winding of phase b and the negative yoke winding of phase b is connected in parallel
  • the inverse circuit of the positive yoke winding of phase c and the negative yoke winding of phase c is connected in parallel; at this time, the number of pole pairs of the rotating stator magnetic field is large
  • the number of pole pairs is 2.
  • the setting method of the yoke winding is equivalent to: 6 segments of yoke windings are arranged clockwise on the yoke, that is, a-phase positive yoke winding (+a), c-phase positive yoke winding (+c), b-phase positive yoke winding (+b), a-phase positive yoke winding (+a), c-phase positive yoke winding (+c) and b-phase positive yoke winding (+b), where The two sections of positive yoke windings of phase a, phase b, and phase c are connected in parallel, and the yoke windings of phase a, phase b, and phase c flow A-phase alternating current, B-phase alternating current, and C-phase alternating current respectively.
  • Figure 2 6 segments of yoke windings are arranged clockwise on the yoke, that is, a-phase positive yoke winding (+a), c-phase positive yoke
  • each yoke winding When the three-phase alternating current flows through each yoke winding, some yoke windings form positive yoke magnetic flux, and other yoke windings form negative yoke magnetic flux, and the yoke magnetic flux in each yoke section has only one direction , or the flux is zero.
  • the magnetic fluxes of adjacent co-directional yokes are connected in series, and the magnetic fluxes of adjacent non-directional yokes gather together. Gathered at the nearest adjacent teeth to form poles.
  • Adjacent yoke magnetic fluxes in the same direction are connected in series to form a set of yoke magnetic fluxes, and the teeth of the adjacent teeth of a set of yoke magnetic flux heads (one end of the N pole) form tooth magnetic fluxes to form N poles.
  • the tooth portion closest to the tail portion of the yoke magnetic flux (one end of the S pole) forms the tooth portion magnetic flux to form the S pole.
  • control circuit controls the energization mode of the armature winding to switch between the energization mode 1 and the energization mode 2, the number of pole pairs of the rotating stator magnetic field is switched between a small number of pole pairs and a large number of pole pairs.
  • the stator is used as a component to form a three-phase AC pole-changing motor with cage-shaped induction rotors, electrodes, supporting components, casings, and control circuits.
  • the cage-shaped induction rotor automatically induces the rotor magnetic field pole pairs
  • the number is equal to the number of pole pairs of the stator magnetic field.
  • the rotating stator magnetic field drives the cage-shaped induction rotor.
  • stator pole arc the stator pole arc, tooth width, tooth height (extremely high), tooth shape, yoke thickness, wire diameter, number of turns, and detailed properties of the rotor are not shown, and the optimization selection of these indicators is based on Mature technology.

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  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

三相轭部绕组变极定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，可与转子、电极、支承部件和机壳等部件组成电机，特征在于：各相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，分段设置。流通三相交流电，控制电路控制电枢绕组通电方式在通电方式一和通电方式二之间切换，转动定子磁场的极对数在小极对数和大极对数之间切换，电机转速在快转速和慢转速之间切换。

Description

三相轭部绕组变极定子 技术领域
本发明涉及一种电枢绕组采用轭部绕组的三相交流变极定子。具体是各相电枢绕组采用轭部绕组沿轭部分段设置；流通三相交流电，各段轭部绕组形成的正向轭部磁通和负向轭部磁通聚集，在最邻近的齿部形成磁极，形成转动定子磁场；控制电路控制电枢绕组通电方式在通电方式一和通电方式二之间切换，实现变极。这就是三相轭部绕组变极定子。
背景技术
电机的部件包括定子、转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制电路等。电机一般是圆柱状转子位于电机中心内部、圆环状定子位于外部包围转子，这是内转子径向磁通电机。拓扑技术可以实现圆柱状定子位于电机中心内部，圆环状转子位于外部包围定子，这是外转子径向磁通电机。拓扑技术还可以实现盘状定子位于电机一侧，盘状转子位于电机另一侧，定子转子均围绕电机轴转动，这是轴向磁通电机。拓扑技术还可以实现线状定子与线状转子相对平行运动的直线电机。所述拓扑技术是成熟技术。电机都努力减小体积重量，提高效率。改进电机的关键部件定子，就可以改进电机。传统三相交流变极电机，其变极定子的电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的齿部绕制形成齿部绕组，各齿部绕组设置在相邻齿部之间的槽中，流通三相交流电，各齿部绕组直接形成磁极，变化中的磁极形成转动定子磁场驱动笼形感应转子；控制电路控制定子变极。齿部之间的空间就是槽，传统变极定子的齿部绕组中平行于电机轴的电线全都设置在槽中，需要槽深度较深，齿部高度较高，齿部自重较大。设置在同一槽中的不同相的齿部绕组形成的磁场会相互干扰，所以传统电机效率不高。如果变极定子的电枢绕组改采用轭部绕组，需要槽深度较浅，齿部高度较低，齿部自重较小，电机效率较高。所述三相交流电是每相电流电势随时间按正弦分布变化的三相电流，包括正弦交流电、接近正弦的交流电、逆变器产生的模拟正弦交流电等，均为成熟技术。三相交流电中的A相、B相和C相电流依次比前一相电流滞后120度电相位。对三相交流电的控制采用成熟技术，例如电流滞环控制、空间矢量控制、变压变频控制、磁场定向控制、直接转矩控制、最优效率控制、脉宽调制控制和无传感器控制等。
本发明提出电枢绕组采用轭部绕组的三相交流变极定子，就是要通过改进定子来改进电机，减小电机的自重，提高电机效率。电机行业需要本发明三相轭部绕组变极定子来改进电机。
发明内容
本发明三相轭部绕组变极定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，可与转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制电路等部件组成电机。所述转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制电路采用成熟技术。所述组成电机采用成熟技术。本发明特征在于：各相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组沿轭部分段设置，控制电路控制电枢绕组通电方式在通电方式一和通电方式二之间切换，转动定子磁场的极对数在小极对数和大极对数之间切换。
定子铁芯采用成熟技术，采用高磁通材料制造。例如采用硅钢、层叠硅钢等制造。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使各个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置向内朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，轭部连接各个齿部形成定子铁芯。
电枢绕组是流通三相交流电形成变化的轭部磁通最终形成转动定子磁场的电线结构，包括三相电枢绕组。本发明中每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，分段沿轭部设置。每相电枢绕组均包括相同数量段的轭部绕组，各段轭部绕组的电线和匝数等内容相同。通过控制电路控制，各段轭部绕组之间的连接方式可以切换。各段轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定：平行于转子运动方向选定一个定子铁芯截面，设该截面图中顺时针方向为轭部磁通正向，即当轭部磁通的N极方向顺时针就是正向轭部磁通，当轭部磁通的N极方向逆时针时就是负向轭部磁通。按右手螺旋定则，流通正电流时形成正向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为正轭部绕组，流通正电流时形成负向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为负轭部绕组，流通负电流时形成正向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为负轭部绕组，流通负电流时形成负向轭部磁通的轭部绕组为正轭部绕组。
轭部绕组设置方式：在轭部上沿顺时针方向依次设置6段轭部绕组，即a相正轭部绕组(+a)、c相负轭部绕组(-c)、b相正轭部绕组(+b)、a相负轭部绕组(-a)、c相正轭部绕组(+c)和b相负轭部绕组(-b)，如图1。每相电枢绕组包括两段轭部绕组，a相、b相、c相各两段轭部绕组的连接电路参见图3。控制电路控制电枢绕组通电方式在通电方式一和通电方式二之间切换，通电方式一是：在接口1至接口3之间流通A相交流电、接口2断开空置，在接口6至接口8之间流通B相交流电、接口7断开空置，在接口11至接口13之间流通C相交流电、接口12断开空置，这时，a相正轭部绕组与a相负轭部绕组为串联连接，b相正轭部绕组与b相负轭部绕组为串联连接，c相正轭部绕组与c相负轭部绕组为串联连接；此时转动定子磁场极对数为小极对数为1。通电方式二是：在接口1至接口2之间、且在接口3至接口2之间同步流通A相交流电，在接口6至接口7之间、且在接口8至接口7之间同步流通B相交流电，在接口11至接口12之间、且在接口13只接口12之间同步流通C相交流电，这时，a相正轭部绕组与a相负轭部绕组的逆电路为并联连接，b相正轭部绕组与b 相负轭部绕组的逆电路为并联连接，c相正轭部绕组与c相负轭部绕组的逆电路为并联连接；此时转动定子磁场极对数为大极对数为2。在通电方式二状态下，轭部绕组设置方式等效于：在轭部上沿顺时针方向依次设置6段轭部绕组，即a相正轭部绕组(+a)、c相正轭部绕组(+c)、b相正轭部绕组(+b)、a相正轭部绕组(+a)、c相正轭部绕组(+c)和b相正轭部绕组(+b)，其中a相、b相、c相的各两段正轭部绕组为并联连接，a相、b相、c相各轭部绕组分别流通A相交流电、B相交流电、C相交流电。如图2。大极对数等于小极对数乘以2。
当各轭部绕组流通三相交流电时，一些段轭部绕组形成正向轭部磁通，另一些段轭部绕组形成负向轭部磁通，每一段轭部中的轭部磁通只有一种方向，或磁通为零。相邻的同向轭部磁通相互串联，相邻的异向轭部磁通相互聚集。聚集在最邻近的齿部形成磁极。相邻的同向轭部磁通相互串联形成一组轭部磁通，在一组轭部磁通头部(N极一端)最邻近的齿部形成齿部磁通形成N极，在一组轭部磁通尾部(S极一端)最邻近的齿部形成齿部磁通形成S极。随着三相交流电电相位变化，正向轭部磁通和负向轭部磁通变化，聚集形成的磁极变化，形成转动定子磁场。随着控制电路控制电枢绕组通电方式在通电方式一和通电方式二之间切换，各轭部绕组形成的轭部磁通的组合在切换，聚集形成的磁极数在切换，形成的转动定子磁场的极对数在小极对数和大极对数之间切换。转动定子磁场驱动转子是成熟技术。N极是北极，S极是南极，+是正号，-是负号。
本发明定子作为部件可用于三相交流变极电机、双变极双馈异步电机和磁滞变极电机等。本发明与笼形感应转子等部件组成三相交流变极电机，当定子变极时，笼形感应转子自动感应生成的转子磁场极对数与定子磁场极对数相等；参见图1和图2。本发明与绕线式单相变极转子等部件组成双变极双馈异步电机，其中绕线式单相变极转子的极对数与变极定子的极对数同步变极且极对数相等，详情参见同日申报的《双变极双馈异步电机》发明。本发明与磁滞转子等部件组成磁滞变极电机。
传统三相交流变极定子，其各相电枢绕组均围绕定子铁芯的齿部绕制，各齿部绕组形成磁极最终形成转动定子磁场。本发明采用轭部绕组是关于定子结构的创新，也是对轭部绕组形成轭部磁通、聚集形成磁极最终形成转动定子磁场的运行机制的创新。本发明有益之处在于：由于轭部磁通聚集形成磁极的聚磁效应，形成定子磁场的效率较高。由于在同一段轭部上只有同向的轭部绕组，没有异向轭部绕组，不相互干扰，效率较高。由于轭部绕组中平行于电机轴的部分只有一半设置在槽中，需要槽的深度较浅，齿部的高度较矮，自重较轻。本发明创新了定子的结构，减小了自重，改进了效率。在此之前没有相同的定子。本发明叙述定子以径向磁通内转子电机定子为例，本发明也包括径向磁通外转子电机定子、轴向磁通电机定子和直线电机定子。业内技术人员可利用拓扑技术轻易推导出来。本发明在实施例中叙 述定子极对数在1和2之间变极的三相轭部绕组变极定子；本发明也包含了定子极对数在N和2*N之间变极的三相轭部绕组变极定子，业内技术人员可利用公开知识推导出来，其中N为自然数。这些定子和采用了这些定子的电机均属于本发明的保护范围。
所述定子铁芯、转子铁芯、高磁通材料、轭部、齿部、齿部高度、槽的深度、磁极、聚集、转动定子磁场和极对数均为成熟技术。所述电线、电线线径、接头、匝数、绕组、电枢绕组、齿部绕组、绕制、正极、负极、连接、电相位、笼形感应转子和磁滞转子均为成熟技术。所述绕线式单相变极转子详情参见同日申报的《双变极双馈异步电机》专利的说明书。
附图说明
图1为三相轭部绕组变极定子的剖面图一，也是实施例1示意图之一。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为轭部绕组，有(+a,-c,+b,-a,+c和-b)共六段，4为转子铁芯，5为笼形感应转子导条。
图2为三相轭部绕组变极定子的剖面图二，也是实施例1示意图之二。图中1为定子铁芯轭部，2为定子铁芯齿部，3为轭部绕组，有(+a,+c,+b,+a,+c和+b)共六段，4为转子铁芯，5为笼形感应转子导条。
图3为三相轭部绕组变极定子轭部绕组接线简图。图中1为接口1，2为接口2，3为接口3，4为+a轭部绕组，5为-a轭部绕组，6为接口6，7为接口7，8为接口8，9为+b轭部绕组，10为-b轭部绕组，11为接口11，12为接口12，13为接口13，14为+c轭部绕组，15为-c轭部绕组，16为电机机壳轮廓线。
各图中，大括号指示各轭部绕组的相位序号，相位序号是绕组标示的成熟技术，各轭部绕组以少数匝数电线示意，实际电线匝数按实际需要设置。电极、支承部件和机壳等未画出，笼形感应转子的前端环和后端环未画出，笼形感应转子的导条数量仅供参考，实际数量按实际需要设置。控制电路未画出。各部件只示意相互关系，未反映实际尺寸。
具体实施方式
实施例1：三相轭部绕组变极定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，可与笼形感应转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制电路等部件组成三相轭部绕组变极电机。笼形感应转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制电路采用成熟技术。
定子铁芯采用高磁通材料层叠硅钢制造，采用成熟技术。根据需要设置定子铁芯，使六个齿部沿圆周方向均匀布置朝向转子，轭部平行于转子运动方向呈圆环状，六段轭部连接六个齿部形成定子铁芯。
电枢绕组是三相电枢绕组。每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，沿轭部分段设置。通过控制电路控制，每相电枢绕组的两段轭部绕组之间的连接方式可以切换。各个轭部绕组的正负按轭部定向方法确定。
轭部绕组设置方式：在轭部上沿顺时针方向依次设置6段轭部绕组，即a相正轭部绕组(+a)、c相负轭部绕组(-c)、b相正轭部绕组(+b)、a相负轭部绕组(-a)、c相正轭部绕组(+c)和b相负轭部绕组(-b)，如图1。a相、b相、c相各两段轭部绕组的连接电路参见图3。控制电路控制电枢绕组通电方式在通电方式一和通电方式二之间切换，通电方式一是：在接口1至接口3之间流通A相交流电、接口2断开空置，在接口6至接口8之间流通B相交流电、接口7断开空置，在接口11至接口13之间流通C相交流电、接口12断开空置，这时，a相正轭部绕组与a相负轭部绕组为串联连接，b相正轭部绕组与b相负轭部绕组为串联连接，c相正轭部绕组与c相负轭部绕组为串联连接；此时转动定子磁场极对数为小极对数为1。通电方式二是：在接口1至接口2之间、且在接口3至接口2之间同步流通A相交流电，在接口6至接口7之间、且在接口8至接口7之间同步流通B相交流电，在接口11至接口12之间、且在接口13至接口12之间同步流通C相交流电，这时，a相正轭部绕组与a相负轭部绕组的逆电路为并联连接，b相正轭部绕组与b相负轭部绕组的逆电路为并联连接，c相正轭部绕组与c相负轭部绕组的逆电路为并联连接；此时转动定子磁场极对数为大极对数为2。在通电方式二状态下，轭部绕组设置方式等效于：在轭部上沿顺时针方向依次设置6段轭部绕组，即a相正轭部绕组(+a)、c相正轭部绕组(+c)、b相正轭部绕组(+b)、a相正轭部绕组(+a)、c相正轭部绕组(+c)和b相正轭部绕组(+b)，其中a相、b相、c相的各两段正轭部绕组为并联连接，a相、b相、c相各轭部绕组分别流通A相交流电、B相交流电、C相交流电。如图2。
当各轭部绕组流通三相交流电时，一些轭部绕组形成正向轭部磁通，另一些轭部绕组形成负向轭部磁通，每一段轭部中的轭部磁通只有一种方向，或磁通为零。相邻的同向轭部磁通相互串联，相邻的异向轭部磁通相互聚集。聚集在最邻近的齿部形成磁极。相邻的同向轭部磁通相互串联形成一组轭部磁通，在一组轭部磁通头部(N极一端)最邻近的齿部形成齿部磁通形成N极，在一组轭部磁通尾部(S极一端)最邻近的齿部形成齿部磁通形成S极。随着交流电电相位变化，正向轭部磁通和负向轭部磁通变化，聚集形成的磁极变化，形成转动定子磁场。随着控制电路控制电枢绕组通电方式在通电方式一和通电方式二之间切换，转动定子磁场的极对数在小极对数和大极对数之间切换。
本实施例定子作为部件与笼形感应转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制电路等部件组成三相交流变极电机，当定子变极时，笼形感应转子自动感应生成的转子磁场极对数与定子磁 场极对数相等。转动定子磁场驱动笼形感应转子。定子变极为大极对数时，转动定子磁场转速慢，参见图2；定子变极为小极对数时，转动定子磁场转速快，参见图1。
在以上实施例中，未显示定子的极弧、齿宽、齿高(极高)、齿形、轭厚度、线径、匝数和转子的详细性质等指标，对这些指标的优化选取均采用成熟技术。
以上描述了本发明基本原理、主要特征和优点，业内技术人员应该了解，本发明不限于上述实施例，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明的变化与改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求及同等物界定。

Claims (3)

  1. 三相轭部绕组变极定子，由定子铁芯和电枢绕组组成，特征在于：各相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组沿轭部分段设置，控制电路控制电枢绕组通电方式在通电方式一和通电方式二之间切换，转动定子磁场的极对数在小极对数和大极对数之间切换；
    定子铁芯采用成熟技术，包括齿部和轭部；
    电枢绕组包括多相电枢绕组，每相电枢绕组采用电线围绕定子铁芯的轭部绕制形成轭部绕组，沿轭部分段设置；
    轭部绕组设置方式：在轭部上沿顺时针方向依次设置6段轭部绕组，即a相正轭部绕组(+a)、c相负轭部绕组(-c)、b相正轭部绕组(+b)、a相负轭部绕组(-a)、c相正轭部绕组(+c)和b相负轭部绕组(-b)；控制电路控制电枢绕组通电方式在通电方式一和通电方式二之间切换，通电方式一是：在接口1至接口3之间流通A相交流电、接口2断开空置，在接口6至接口8之间流通B相交流电、接口7断开空置，在接口11至接口13之间流通C相交流电、接口12断开空置，此时转动定子磁场极对数为小极对数；通电方式二是：在接口1至接口2之间、且在接口3至接口2之间同步流通A相交流电，在接口6至接口7之间、且在接口8至接口7之间同步流通B相交流电，在接口11至接口12之间、且在接口13至接口12之间同步流通C相交流电，此时转动定子磁场极对数为大极对数；
    当各轭部绕组流通三相交流电时，一些轭部绕组形成正向轭部磁通，另一些轭部绕组形成负向轭部磁通，相邻的同向轭部磁通相互串联，相邻的异向轭部磁通相互聚集，聚集在最邻近的齿部形成磁极；相邻的同向轭部磁通相互串联形成一组轭部磁通，在一组轭部磁通头部(N极一端)最邻近的齿部形成齿部磁通形成N极，在一组轭部磁通尾部(S极一端)最邻近的齿部形成齿部磁通形成S极；随着三相交流电电相位变化，正向轭部磁通和负向轭部磁通变化，聚集形成的磁极变化，形成转动定子磁场；随着控制电路控制电枢绕组通电方式在通电方式一和通电方式二之间切换，转动定子磁场的极对数在小极对数和大极对数之间切换；转动定子磁场驱动转子；
    三相轭部绕组变极定子与笼形感应转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制电路等部件组成三相交流变极电机，当定子变极时，笼形感应转子自动感应生成的转子磁场极对数与转动定子磁场极对数相等。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的三相轭部绕组变极定子，与绕线式单相变极转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和控制电路等部件组成双变极双馈异步电机，其中绕线式单相变极转子的极对数与变极定子的极对数同步变极且极对数相等。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的三相轭部绕组变极定子，与磁滞转子、电极、支承部件、机壳和 控制电路等部件组成磁滞变极电机。
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US4841188A (en) * 1987-11-25 1989-06-20 Hao Chung Hsing Speed changing device for electric fans
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CN2245824Y (zh) * 1995-08-16 1997-01-22 广东工业大学 变极调速时不需切断电源的单绕组双速电动机
CN106877531A (zh) * 2017-03-31 2017-06-20 广东威灵电机制造有限公司 电机定子及电机
CN107546946A (zh) * 2017-10-17 2018-01-05 河南理工大学 一种m相定子绕组开关磁阻电机及驱动方法、变极方法
CN207320983U (zh) * 2017-11-10 2018-05-04 广东威灵电机制造有限公司 定子和具有该定子的电机

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US4841188A (en) * 1987-11-25 1989-06-20 Hao Chung Hsing Speed changing device for electric fans
CN2035933U (zh) * 1988-05-23 1989-04-12 昆明电机厂 低速重载高速轻载异步电机变级绕组
CN1124421A (zh) * 1994-12-08 1996-06-12 华中理工大学 交流电机绕组单星—三角变双星——三角的联结法
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