WO2023109049A1 - 智能液压***及液压顶升装置 - Google Patents

智能液压***及液压顶升装置 Download PDF

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WO2023109049A1
WO2023109049A1 PCT/CN2022/099224 CN2022099224W WO2023109049A1 WO 2023109049 A1 WO2023109049 A1 WO 2023109049A1 CN 2022099224 W CN2022099224 W CN 2022099224W WO 2023109049 A1 WO2023109049 A1 WO 2023109049A1
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pressure
oil
value
valve
hydraulic system
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PCT/CN2022/099224
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English (en)
French (fr)
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魏素芬
许辉
关进军
吴双生
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中联重科建筑起重机械有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2023109049A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023109049A1/zh

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/08Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with only one servomotor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B19/00Testing; Calibrating; Fault detection or monitoring; Simulation or modelling of fluid-pressure systems or apparatus not otherwise provided for
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B19/00Testing; Calibrating; Fault detection or monitoring; Simulation or modelling of fluid-pressure systems or apparatus not otherwise provided for
    • F15B19/005Fault detection or monitoring

Definitions

  • the application belongs to the field of hydraulic technology, and in particular relates to an intelligent hydraulic system and a hydraulic jacking device.
  • the hydraulic jacking device is a tower crane climbing power device driven by a hydraulic cylinder.
  • the hydraulic system currently used in the tower crane is mainly operated manually, and if a fault occurs, it will be manually eliminated, depending on the professional level of the operator and maintenance personnel; according to According to user quality feedback statistics, faults and quality problems mainly include: inappropriate setting pressure of relief valve, inappropriate setting pressure of balance valve, slow lifting speed compared to design speed, structural damage caused by abnormal lifting force, etc.; such abnormalities are caused by Skilled technicians check and solve.
  • In the process of manual inspection on the one hand, it depends on the professional level of operators and maintenance personnel, and human operation is prone to errors. On the other hand, it is impossible to detect faults before they occur.
  • the main purpose of this application is to propose an intelligent hydraulic system and a hydraulic jacking device, aiming to solve the technical problem that there are large errors in the parameters of the hydraulic jacking device in the prior art when manual detection is used.
  • the present application provides an intelligent hydraulic system
  • the oil circuit of the intelligent hydraulic system is provided with a plurality of pressure measuring points for detecting oil pressure
  • the intelligent hydraulic system also includes a controller, and the controller is configured as:
  • the oil pressure values corresponding to the plurality of pressure measuring points and the pressure difference of the plurality of circuit sections are processed, and the hydraulic components of the intelligent hydraulic system are fed back and judged according to the processing results.
  • the intelligent hydraulic system includes a fuel tank, a hydraulic pump reversing valve, a jacking cylinder and a balance valve.
  • the second working oil port of the directional valve is connected with the rod chamber of the jacking cylinder, the hydraulic pump is used to pump hydraulic oil to the oil inlet port of the directional valve, and the oil return port of the directional valve is connected to the oil tank.
  • the number of pressure measuring points is three, and the first pressure measuring point is used to detect the oil pressure of the oil outlet end of the hydraulic pump, and the second pressure measuring point is used to detect the oil pressure of the oil inlet end of the balance valve.
  • the pressure measuring point and the third pressure measuring point for detecting the oil pressure of the oil outlet end of the rod chamber of the jacking cylinder, the controller is further configured to:
  • the controller is further configured to:
  • the actual set pressure of the balance valve is obtained using the following calculation formula:
  • i is the pilot ratio of the balance valve
  • i A is the ratio of the area of the rod chamber to the rodless chamber of the jacking cylinder
  • P c ′ is the actual set pressure of the balance valve
  • the controller is further configured to:
  • a relief valve is also connected between the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump and the fuel tank, the oil inlet of the relief valve is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic pump, and the oil return port of the relief valve is connected to the fuel tank.
  • the controller is further configured to:
  • the controller is further configured to:
  • ⁇ T is the temperature influence coefficient
  • P zero is the allowable value of pressure error
  • i is the pilot ratio of the balance valve
  • P c is the design setting pressure of the balance valve.
  • the jacking end of the piston rod of the jacking cylinder is connected to the load, and the controller is further configured to:
  • the load type is determined according to the second calculated oil pressure value P 2 ′ and the third calculated oil pressure value P 1 ′.
  • the second oil pressure calculation value P 2 ′ can be calculated by the following formula:
  • f is the friction force
  • F L is the load pressure on the piston rod of the jacking cylinder
  • a 0 is the cross-sectional area of the rodless cavity of the jacking cylinder
  • ⁇ P is the pressure difference of the oil passing through the channel of the balance valve
  • P 1 is the third oil pressure value
  • i A is the ratio of the area of the rod chamber to the rodless chamber of the jacking cylinder.
  • the third oil pressure calculation value P 1 ′ can be calculated by the following formula:
  • i A is the ratio of the area of the rod cavity to the rodless cavity of the jacking cylinder
  • k is the spring stiffness of the balance valve spool
  • P c0 is the set pressure when the balance valve spool starts to open
  • f is the friction force
  • F L is the load pressure on the piston rod of the jacking cylinder
  • x v is the opening displacement of the spool of the balance valve
  • i is the pilot ratio of the balance valve.
  • a liquid level liquid temperature gauge for detecting oil temperature is also arranged in the fuel tank, and the controller is further configured as:
  • the controller is further configured to:
  • a hydraulic jacking device is also proposed, and the hydraulic jacking device includes the above intelligent hydraulic system.
  • multiple pressure measuring points for detecting oil pressure are set on the oil circuit of the intelligent hydraulic system.
  • the controller first collects a plurality of pressure measuring points respectively The corresponding oil pressure value; then calculate the pressure difference of multiple circuit sections between multiple pressure measuring points; finally process the oil pressure values corresponding to multiple pressure measuring points and the pressure difference of multiple circuit sections, and according to the processing results Feedback and judgment of the hydraulic components of the intelligent hydraulic system, and then realize the intelligent judgment of the parameters of each hydraulic component in the hydraulic system, avoiding errors that occur during manual operation.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent hydraulic system according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the electronic control flow in the intelligent hydraulic system of the present application.
  • a kind of intelligent hydraulic system is provided, the oil circuit of the intelligent hydraulic system is provided with a plurality of pressure measuring points for detecting the oil pressure, the intelligent hydraulic system also includes a controller, the controller is configured as:
  • the oil pressure values corresponding to multiple pressure measuring points and the pressure difference of multiple circuit sections are processed, and the hydraulic components of the intelligent hydraulic system are fed back and judged according to the processing results.
  • the intelligent hydraulic system includes a fuel tank 10, a hydraulic pump 20, a reversing valve 30, a jacking cylinder 60, and a balance valve 50.
  • the second working oil port of the reversing valve 30 is connected with the rod chamber of the jacking cylinder 60, the hydraulic pump 20 is used to pump hydraulic oil to the oil inlet of the reversing valve 30, and the oil return of the reversing valve 30 The port is connected to the oil tank 10;
  • the number of pressure measuring points is three, and they are respectively the first pressure measuring point 61 for detecting the oil pressure of the oil outlet end of the hydraulic pump 20 and the second pressure measuring point 61 for detecting the oil pressure of the oil inlet end of the balance valve 50 .
  • the intelligent hydraulic system also includes a controller.
  • it also includes a collection module, a calculation module, and a feedback judgment module.
  • the controller is electrically connected to the collection module, the calculation module, and the feedback judgment module; wherein:
  • the collection module is used to respectively collect the first oil pressure value P s of the first pressure measuring point 61 , the second oil pressure value P 2 of the second pressure measuring point 62 and the third oil pressure value P of the third pressure measuring point 63 1 ;
  • Calculation module used to calculate the pressure difference P s1 of the first circuit segment between the first pressure measuring point 61 and the third pressure measuring point 63 and the second loop pressure difference P s1 between the first pressure measuring point 61 and the second pressure measuring point 62 Road section pressure difference P s2 ;
  • a feedback judging module configured to process the first oil pressure value P s , the second oil pressure value P 2 , the third oil pressure value P 1 , the pressure difference P s1 of the first circuit section, and the pressure difference P s2 of the second circuit section , and judge the hydraulic components of the intelligent hydraulic system based on the processing results.
  • the reversing valve 30 can be a manual reversing valve 30 or an electromagnetic reversing valve 30. If the reversing valve 30 is an electromagnetic reversing valve 30, it can be judged in combination with the power-on and power-off conditions of the electromagnet. The position of the spool of the reversing valve 30 and the direction of oil flow.
  • the first oil pressure value P s , the second oil pressure value P 2 , and the third oil pressure value P 1 corresponding to the three pressure points are respectively obtained through the pressure sensor, and then the first circuit section and The pressure difference value between the second circuit section, and then the first oil pressure value P s , the second oil pressure value P 2 , the third oil pressure value P 1 , the pressure difference P s1 of the first circuit section and the second circuit section
  • the pressure difference P s2 is processed; since the oil pressure value of the pressure point is related to the size of the oil temperature, when processing each oil pressure value, a test calibration is required.
  • the specific calibration method is as follows:
  • test calibration is carried out according to the table below and the recording process is shown in the table below.
  • the hydraulic components of the intelligent hydraulic system are fed back and judged.
  • the present application aims at various failures and quality problems of the hydraulic jacking device in use, can automatically realize automatic identification and judgment, can detect the existence of failures or hidden dangers in time, and avoids errors caused by manual identification operations.
  • the items of judgment or identification include: pressure setting monitoring of overflow valve 40, pressure setting monitoring of balance valve 50, jacking speed monitoring, identification of jacking working conditions, identification of whether the pressure is normal under each working condition, overflow Valve 40 overflow recognition, abnormal jacking force monitoring, etc.
  • pressure setting monitoring of overflow valve 40 pressure setting monitoring of balance valve 50
  • jacking speed monitoring identification of jacking working conditions
  • identification of whether the pressure is normal under each working condition identification of whether the pressure is normal under each working condition
  • overflow Valve 40 overflow recognition identification of whether the pressure is normal under each working condition
  • abnormal jacking force monitoring etc.
  • the controller is further configured to:
  • Whether the design setting pressure of the balance valve 50 is accurate is judged according to the design setting pressure and the actual setting pressure.
  • i is the pilot ratio of the balance valve 50
  • i A is the ratio of the area of the rod chamber to the rodless chamber of the jacking cylinder 60
  • P c ′ is the actual set pressure of the balance valve 50 .
  • d is the diameter of the piston rod of the jacking cylinder 60
  • D is the inner diameter of the jacking cylinder 60 .
  • the controller is further configured to:
  • the design setting pressure of the balance valve 50 is accurate; wherein, the allowable value of the pressure error is a small value greater than 0 and close to 0, and the specific value can be selected according to the actual situation.
  • the actual set pressure of the balance valve 50 is inferred according to the spool balance equation of the balance valve 50; thereby realizing the monitoring of the actual set pressure of the balance valve 50, and according to the difference between the actual set pressure and the design set pressure
  • the determination of the design set pressure of the balance valve 50 is realized by using the relationship. This intelligent determination method is simple and accurate.
  • an overflow valve 40 is also connected between the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump 20 and the oil tank 10, the oil inlet of the overflow valve 40 is connected with the outlet end of the hydraulic pump 20, and the outlet of the overflow valve 40
  • the oil return port is connected to the oil tank 10, and the controller is further configured as:
  • the determination process of the set pressure P rc of the relief valve 40 is as follows: for the extension process of the piston rod of the unloaded jacking cylinder 60, P zero ⁇ P s2 ⁇ P s2R , P zero ⁇ P 1 ⁇ P 1TR , P s ⁇ T P s2R , when it changes to P s2 ⁇ P zero , P 1 ⁇ P zero , P s > ⁇ T P s2R , it is judged that the oil flows through the overflow valve 40 at this time, and at this time P The s value is the set pressure of the relief valve 40, if abs(P s ⁇ P rc ) ⁇ P zero , the set pressure of the relief valve 40 is accurate, otherwise it needs to be adjusted.
  • P zero is a small value greater than 0 and close to 0, which represents the allowable value of pressure error in the algorithm.
  • ⁇ T is the temperature influence coefficient, and a value greater than 1.2 and less than 1.5 is the preferred solution; abs represents the absolute value.
  • the jacking cylinder 60 of the intelligent hydraulic system in this application has six working conditions: no-load extension cylinder, no-load retraction cylinder, beam retraction cylinder, belt beam extension cylinder, load jacking up and belt download down.
  • no-load extension cylinder no-load retraction cylinder
  • beam retraction cylinder beam retraction cylinder
  • belt beam extension cylinder load jacking up and belt download down.
  • the working conditions of lifting upward with load and downward with load it means that the jacking end of the piston rod of the jacking cylinder 60 is connected with the load of the tower crane;
  • Below means that the jacking end of the piston rod of the jacking oil cylinder 60 is connected with a pole beam load.
  • the piston rod In the no-load condition, the piston rod is not connected to the tower crane components, which is a non-working condition.
  • the first working condition is the working condition.
  • the flow direction of the flow rate and the action direction of the jacking oil cylinder 60 are usually judged according to the pressure difference of each circuit section.
  • the controller is further configured as :
  • ⁇ T is the temperature influence coefficient
  • P zero is the allowable pressure error value
  • i is the pilot ratio of the balance valve 50
  • P c is the design setting pressure of the balance valve 50 .
  • the identification of the action direction of the piston rod of the jacking cylinder 60 is mainly based on the pressure of the pipe interface of the rod cavity (ie, P 1 measuring point) combined with P s1 and P s2 to judge the action direction of the piston rod of the jacking oil cylinder 60 .
  • the detailed judgment process is as follows:
  • the judging principle is: when the piston rod of the jacking oil cylinder 60 is extended, the pressure of the P1 measuring point is the pressure difference of the P1T circuit section (the P1T circuit section refers to the circuit section from the P1 pressure measuring point to the oil tank 10), This value is relatively low, usually within 1MPa, and the rating is recorded as P 1TR ; when the piston rod of the jacking cylinder 60 is retracted, the pressure at the P 1 measuring point needs to control the opening of the balance valve 50, which is far greater than P 1TR ; if the jacking cylinder The piston rod of 60 does not move, and when the reversing valve 30 is in the position where P s and P 2 communicate, the direction of action of the piston rod of jacking cylinder 60 can be judged by monitoring the values of P 1 , P s1 , and P s2 .
  • the pressure difference P 1 and P s of the P 1T circuit section and the pressure difference P s2 of the P 2 circuit section are only related to the flow rate and oil temperature, but for the known pump stations and oil cylinders, the flow through the P 1T , P s and P 2 circuit sections is also basically fixed.
  • the values of P 1TR and P S2R are calibrated through experiments.
  • the direction of oil flow is inferred based on the pressure at three measuring points and the pressure difference of four hydraulic circuit sections, so as to judge the position of the reversing valve 30 and the direction of movement of the oil cylinder, thereby realizing the direction in the identification of working conditions identify.
  • the jacking end of the piston rod of the jacking cylinder 60 is connected to the load, and the controller is further configured to:
  • the load type is determined according to the second calculated oil pressure value P 2 ′ and the third calculated oil pressure value P 1 ′.
  • the pressure values of various working conditions are inferred, so as to realize the load identification in the work condition identification.
  • the second oil pressure calculation value P 2 ′ can be calculated by the following formula:
  • f is the friction force
  • F L is the load pressure on the piston rod of the jacking cylinder 60
  • A0 is the cross-sectional area of the rodless chamber of the jacking cylinder 60
  • ⁇ P is the pressure difference of the passage of the oil passing through the balance valve 50
  • i A is the ratio of the area of the rod chamber to the rodless chamber of the jacking cylinder 60 .
  • the gravity of the pole beam is recorded as G B
  • the weight of the tower crane is recorded as G L .
  • f is the friction force, the sign of f is "+" when the piston rod is extended, and the sign of f is "-" when the piston rod is retracted;
  • F L 0 at no load;
  • F with load (upper load of the tower crane) L G L ;
  • F L -G B when the piston rod only has a shoulder beam.
  • P 0 is the pressure of the rodless chamber of the jacking cylinder 60
  • a 0 is the cross-sectional area of the rodless chamber of the jacking cylinder 60 .
  • the following algorithm is mainly used to distinguish the two working conditions of the extension cylinder: jacking up with load and extension cylinder with beam.
  • the load pressure of the upper load of the tower crane acting on the rodless cavity About 20-28MPa. and The value is usually very small, below 2MPa. Therefore, the P 2 values of the jacking up with load and the cylinder with beam extension are very different, so as to distinguish the working condition of jacking up with load and the cylinder with beam extension.
  • i A is the ratio of the area of the rod chamber to the rodless chamber of the jacking cylinder 60
  • k is the spring stiffness of the balance valve 50 spool
  • P c0 is the set pressure when the balance valve 50 spool starts to open
  • f Friction force
  • F L is the load pressure on the piston rod of the jacking cylinder 60
  • xv is the opening displacement of the valve core of the balance valve 50
  • i is the pilot ratio of the balance valve 50.
  • C q is the flow coefficient
  • is the hydraulic oil density
  • x v is the valve core opening displacement.
  • k is the spring stiffness of the spool
  • P c0 is the set pressure when the spool of the balance valve 50 starts to open.
  • the load pressure G L /A 0 of the upper load of the tower crane acting on the rodless chamber is about 20-28MPa; the value of G B /A 0 is usually very small when the beam is lifted and the cylinder is retracted, below 2MPa. And when the load P 0 is larger, x v is smaller. Therefore, there is a big difference between the working condition of retracting the cylinder under load and retracting the cylinder with the lifting beam. Through the measured value of P 1 and the calculation of the above formula, it is possible to distinguish between the load-down working condition and the no-load cylinder retracting working condition.
  • a liquid level thermometer 70 for detecting oil temperature is also arranged in the oil tank 10, and the controller is further configured as:
  • the principle of speed monitoring is proportional to the flow rate, and at the same temperature, the pressure difference flowing through a certain circuit section of the hydraulic system is positively related to the flow rate.
  • the pressure difference generated by flowing through a certain circuit section of the hydraulic system decreases with the increase of oil viscosity, and the oil viscosity decreases with the increase of temperature.
  • the real-time measured value and calculated value are compared with it during jacking work, so as to judge whether the speed is normal.
  • the intelligent hydraulic system can also be used to monitor whether the jacking force is abnormal.
  • the controller is further configured as:
  • the ⁇ P value is below 0.2MPa, it can be included in the calculation of 0.2MPa, or ignored.
  • calibrate the initial value P L0 and during the jacking up process, if P L /P L0 > 1.15, it is judged that the jacking force is abnormal, because there is abnormal resistance or friction during the jacking process is too big.
  • a hydraulic jacking device is also proposed, and the hydraulic jacking device includes the above intelligent hydraulic system.
  • the intelligent jacking device in this patent application realizes the following functions: pressure setting monitoring of the overflow valve 40, pressure setting monitoring of the balance valve 50, and jacking speed monitoring , identification of jacking conditions, identification of whether the pressure is normal under each working condition, identification of overflow of overflow valve 40, abnormal monitoring of jacking force, etc.
  • first and second are used for description purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features.
  • “plurality” means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种智能液压***及液压顶升装置,在智能液压***的油路上设置有用于检测液压泵的出油端油压的第一测压点、用于检测平衡阀的进油端油压的第二测压点以及用于检测顶升油缸的有杆腔的出油端油压的第三测压点,并且还包括控制器,控制器被配置为:分别收集第一测压点的第一油压值Ps、第二测压点的第二油压值P 2以及第三测压点的第三油压值P 1;计算第一测压点到第三测压点之间的第一回路段压差P s1以及第一测压点到第二测压点之间的第二回路段压差P s2;对第一油压值Ps、第二油压值P 2、第三油压值P 1、第一回路段压差P s1以及第二回路段压差P s2进行处理,并根据处理结果对智能液压***的液压元件反馈判断;从而实现智能判定的目的,减少人工误差。

Description

智能液压***及液压顶升装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2021年12月17日提交的中国专利申请202111552590.5的优先权,该申请的内容通过引用被合并于本文。
技术领域
本申请属于液压技术领域,尤其涉及一种智能液压***及液压顶升装置。
背景技术
液压顶升装置为采用液压缸驱动的塔机爬升动力装置,目前应用于塔机中的液压***主要是由人工操作,出现故障后由人工排除,依赖于操作人员和维修人员的专业水平;根据用户质量反馈统计,故障和质量问题主要有:溢流阀设定压力不合适、平衡阀设定压力不合适、顶升速度比设计速度慢、顶升力异常导致结构损坏等;此类异常均由熟练的技术人员排查解决。但是在人工排查的过程中,一方面依赖于操作人员和维修人员的专业水平,人为操容易出现误差,另一方面,不能发现故障于未然,一旦发生故障、危险性大。
发明内容
本申请的主要目的是提出一种智能液压***及液压顶升装置,旨在解决现有技术中的液压顶升装置的参数采用人工检测时存在较大的误差的技术问题。
为了实现上述目的,本申请提供一种智能液压***,该智能液压***的油路上设置有用于检测油压的多个测压点,该智能液压***还包括控制器,控制器被配置为:
分别收集多个所述测压点分别对应的油压值;
计算多个所述测压点之间的多个回路段压差;
对多个所述测压点分别对应的油压值以及多个所述回路段压差进行处理,并根据处理结果对所述智能液压***的液压元件反馈判断。
在本申请的实施例中,智能液压***包括油箱、液压泵换向阀、顶升油缸和平衡阀,换向阀的第一工作油口通过平衡阀与顶升油缸的无杆腔连接,换向阀的第二工作油口与顶升油缸的有杆腔连接,液压泵用于将液压油泵送至换向阀的进油口,换向阀的回油口连接至油箱。
在本申请的实施例中,测压点的数量为三个且分别用于检测液压泵的出油端油压的第一测压点、用于检测平衡阀的进油端油压的第二测压点以及用于检测顶升油缸的有杆腔的出油端油压的第三测压点,控制器进一步被配置为:
分别收集第一测压点的第一油压值P s、第二测压点的第二油压值P 2以及第三测压点的第三油压值P 1
计算第一测压点到第三测压点之间的第一回路段压差P s1以及第一测压点到第二测压点之间的第二回路段压差P s2
对第一油压值P s、第二油压值P 2、第三油压值P 1、第一回路段压差P s1以及第二回路段压差P s2进行处理,并根据处理结果对智能液压***的液压元件反馈判断。
在本申请的实施例中,控制器进一步被配置为:
获取平衡阀的设计设定压力;
根据第二油压值P 2和第三油压值P 1计算平衡阀的实际设定压力;
根据设计设定压力和实际设定压力判断平衡阀的设计设定压力是否准确。
在本申请的实施例中,平衡阀的实际设定压力采用如下计算公式得到:
P′ c=(i+i A)P 2-(1+i)P 1
其中,i为平衡阀的先导比,i A为顶升油缸的有杆腔与无杆腔的面积之比;P c′为平衡阀的实际设定压力。
在本申请的实施例中,控制器进一步被配置为:
获取平衡阀的实际设定压力和设计设定压力之间的差值绝对值;
当差值绝对值小于压力误差允许值时,则判定平衡阀的设计设定压力准确;
当差值绝对值大于或等于压力误差允许值时,则判定平衡阀的设计设定压力不准确。
在本申请的实施例中,液压泵的出油口和油箱之间还连接有溢流阀,溢流阀的进油口与液压泵的出口端连接,溢流阀的回油口连接油箱,控制器进一步被配置为:
获取溢流阀的设定压力P rc
比对溢流阀的设定压力P rc和第一油压值P s并判断溢流阀是否存在溢流;
当P s>0.85P rc,则溢流阀存在溢流;
当P s≤0.85P rc,则溢流阀关闭。
在本申请的实施例中,控制器进一步被配置为:
分别对第一油压值P s、第三油压值P 1、第一回路段压差P s1、第二回路段压差P s2在不同温度下进行标定,并得到第一油压标定值P sTR、第三油压标定值P 1TR、第一回路段压差标定值P s1R和第二回路段压差标定值P s2R并判断顶升油缸的活塞杆的动作方向;
当P 1≤α TP 1TR且P 1>P zero、P s2<α TP s2R且P s2>P zero时,则顶升油缸的活塞杆伸出;
Figure PCTCN2022099224-appb-000001
且P zero<P s1<α TP s1R、P zero<P 2<α TP sTR时,则顶升油缸的活塞杆缩回;
其中,α T为温度影响系数,P zero为压力误差允许值,i为平衡阀的先导比,P c为平衡阀的设计设定压力。
在本申请的实施例中,顶升油缸的活塞杆的顶升端连接载荷,控制器进一步被配置为:
当连接不同的载荷时,分别获取顶升油缸的活塞杆在伸出时的第二油压计算值P 2′和在缩回时的第三油压计算值P 1′;
根据第二油压计算值P 2′和第三油压计算值P 1′判断载荷的类型。
在本申请的实施例中,第二油压计算值P 2′能够通过如下公式计算得到:
Figure PCTCN2022099224-appb-000002
其中,f为摩擦力,F L为顶升油缸的活塞杆受到的负载压力,A 0为顶升油缸的无杆腔横截面积,ΔP为油液经过平衡阀的通道的压差,P 1为第三油压值,i A为顶升油缸的有杆腔与无杆腔的面积之比。
在本申请的实施例中,第三油压计算值P 1′能够通过如下公式计算得到:
Figure PCTCN2022099224-appb-000003
其中,i A为顶升油缸的有杆腔与无杆腔的面积之比,k为平衡阀阀芯弹簧刚度,P c0为平衡阀阀芯开始开启时的设定压力,f为摩擦力,F L为顶升油缸的活塞杆受到的负载压力,x v为平衡阀的阀芯开启位移,i为平衡阀的先导比。
在本申请的实施例中,油箱内还设置有用于检测油温的液位液温计,控制器进一步被配置为:
在带载顶升向上工况下,获取当前油温所处的温度范围;
分别获取温度范围的两个端点温度下的第二回路段压差P s2(T1)、P s2(T2)和第三油压值P 1(T2)、P 1(T2);
根据两个端点温度处的第二回路段压差P s2(T1)、P s2(T2)和第三油压值P 1(T2)、P 1(T2)以及当前温度的第二回路段压差P s2和第三油压值P 1判断智能液压***是否正常工作。
在本申请的实施例中,控制器进一步被配置为:
获取顶升油缸的活塞杆受到的负载压力P L和顶升油缸的标定初始值P L0并判断顶升油缸的顶升力是否异常;
当P L/P L0>1.15,则顶升油缸的顶升力异常;
当P L/P L0≤1.15,则顶升油缸的顶升力正常。
在本申请的实施例中,还提出一种液压顶升装置,液压顶升装置包括如上的智能液压***。
在上述技术方案中,在智能液压***的油路上设置用于检测油压的多个测压点,在对液压***中的参数进行判定时,控制器首先分别收集多个所述测压点分别对应的油压值;然后计算多个测压点之间的多个回路段压差;最后对多个测压点分别对应的油压值以及多个回路段压差进行处理,并根据处理结果对智能液压***的液压元件反馈判断,进而实现了对液压***中各个液压元件的参数的智能化判定,避免了人工操作时所出现的误差。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本申请的理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本申请,但并不构成对本申请的限制。在附图中:
图1是根据本申请一实施例中智能液压***的结构示意图;
图2是本申请的智能液压***中电控流程示意图。
附图标记说明
标号 名称 标号 名称
10 油箱 60 顶升油缸
20 液压泵 61 第一测压点
30 换向阀 62 第二测压点
40 溢流阀 63 第三测压点
50 平衡阀 70 液位液温计
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本申请的具体实施例进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于说明和解释本申请,并不用于限制本申请。
下面参考附图描述根据本申请的智能液压***。
如图1所示,在本申请的实施例中,提供一种智能液压***,智能液压***的油路上设置有用于检测油压的多个测压点,智能液压***还包括控制器,控制器被配置为:
分别收集多个测压点分别对应的油压值;
计算多个测压点之间的多个回路段压差;
对多个测压点分别对应的油压值以及多个回路段压差进行处理,并根据处理结果对智能液压***的液压元件反馈判断。
其中,该智能液压***包括油箱10、液压泵20、换向阀30、顶升油缸60和平衡阀50,换向阀30的第一工作油口通过平衡阀50与顶升油缸60的无杆腔连接,换向阀30的第二工作油口与顶升油缸60的有杆腔连接,液压泵20用于将液压油泵送至换向阀30的进油口,换向阀30的回油口连接至油箱10;
优选地,测压点的数量为三个且分别为用于检测液压泵20的出油端油压的第一测压点61、用于检测平衡阀50的进油端油压的第二测压点62以及用于检测顶升油缸60的有杆腔的出油端油压的第三测压点63;此外,测压点的数量并不限于本申请中的三个,也可以根据不同的液压***来设置不同的液压组件处的测压点。
如图2所示,智能液压***还包括控制器,此外,还包括收集模块、计算模块和反馈判断模块,控制器与收集模块、计算模块和反馈判断模块均电连接;其中:
收集模块,用于分别收集第一测压点61的第一油压值P s、第二测压点62的第二油压值P 2以及第三测压点63的第三油压值P 1
计算模块,用于计算第一测压点61到第三测压点63之间的第一回路段压差P s1以及第一测压点61到第二测压点62之间的第二回路段压差P s2
反馈判断模块,用于对第一油压值P s、第二油压值P 2、第三油压值P 1、第一回路段压差P s1以及第二回路段压差P s2进行处理,并根据处理结果对智能液压***的液压元件反馈判断。
在该实施例中,换向阀30可以为手动换向阀30或电磁换向阀30,若换向阀30为电磁换向阀30时,则结合电磁铁的得电、失电情况可判断换向阀30的阀芯位置和油液流动方向。从液压泵20的出口即P s测点,到顶升油缸60的有 杆腔管路接口即P 1测点,称为第一回路段,第一回路段的压差记为P s1,P s1=P s-P 1;从液压泵20的出口即P s测点,到平衡阀50管路接口即P 2测点,称为第二回路段,第二回路段的压差记为P s2,P s2=P s-P 2;从顶升油缸60的有杆腔管路接口(即P 1测点)到油箱10,这一回路段压差为P 1或P 1T;从平衡阀50的管路接口(即P 2测点)到油箱10,这一回路段压差为P 2或P 2T
在监测的过程中,首先通过压力传感器分别获取三个压力点分别对应的第一油压值P s、第二油压值P 2、第三油压值P 1,然后计算第一回路段和第二回路段之间的压差值,然后对第一油压值P s、第二油压值P 2、第三油压值P 1、第一回路段压差P s1以及第二回路段压差P s2进行处理;由于压力点的油压值跟油温的大小有关,因此在对各个油压值进行处理时,需要进行试验标定,具体的标定方法如下:
对于已知顶升液压***(包括泵站、管路和顶升油缸60),正常空载往复运动,顶升油缸60的活塞杆伸出时,P s2、P 1只与流量和油温有关,顶升油缸60的活塞杆缩回时,P 2、P s1只与流量和油温有关,且油液的流量是基本恒定的。通过试验,在不同的油温下(分别选取20℃、30℃、40℃、50℃、60℃以及70℃的油温工况),标定P s2、P 1、P 2、P s1的值,试验标定的值分别记为P s2R、P 1TR、P s1R、P 2TR。对于顶升油缸60的活塞杆伸出和缩回工况分别按如下表进行试验标定并记录过程如下表所示。
Figure PCTCN2022099224-appb-000004
根据标定后的油压数据值P s2R、P 1TR、P s1R、P 2TR和测压点获取的P s2、P 1、P 2、P s1对智能液压***的液压元件进行反馈判断。本申请针对液压顶升装置在使用中的各种故障和质量问题,能够自动实现自动识别和判断,能够及时发现故障或隐患的存在,且避免了人工识别操作所带来的误差。其中,判断或识别的顶目包括:溢流阀40压力设定监测、平衡阀50设定压力监测、顶升速度监测、顶升工况识别、各工况下压力是否正常的识别、溢流阀40溢流识别、顶升力异常监测等。如下分别一一对判定顶目的过程进行详细说明。
在本申请的实施例中,控制器进一步被配置为:
获取平衡阀50的设计设定压力;
根据第二油压值P 2和第三油压值P 1计算平衡阀50的实际设定压力;
根据设计设定压力和实际设定压力判断平衡阀50的设计设定压力是否准确。
其中,空载顶升油缸60的活塞杆在缩回过程中,根据所测三处压力,结合液压***的以上参数,则平衡阀50的实际设定压力采用如下计算公式得到:
P′ c=(i+i A)P 2-(1+i)P 1
其中,i为平衡阀50的先导比,i A为顶升油缸60的有杆腔与无杆腔的面积之比;P c′为平衡阀50的实际设定压力。
并且,
Figure PCTCN2022099224-appb-000005
d为顶升油缸60的活塞杆直径,D为顶升油缸60的内径。
在根据设计设定压力和实际设定压力判断平衡阀50的设计设定压力是否准确的步骤中,控制器进一步被配置为:
获取平衡阀50的实际设定压力和设计设定压力之间的差值绝对值;
当差值绝对值小于压力误差允许值时,则判定平衡阀50的设计设定压力准确;其中,压力误差允许值为一个大于0且接近于0的小值,具体数值可以根据实际情况进行选定。
当差值绝对值大于或等于压力误差允许值时,则判定平衡阀50的设计设定压力不准确。当平衡阀50的设计设定压力不准确时,需要进行人为调整。
本实施例通过根据平衡阀50的阀芯平衡方程,推断平衡阀50的实际设定压力;从而实现平衡阀50实际设定压力的监测,并根据实际设定压力和设计设定压力之间的关系来实现对平衡阀50的设计设定压力的判定,此种智能判定方式简单且精确。
在本申请的实施例中,液压泵20的出油口和油箱10之间还连接有溢流阀40,溢流阀40的进油口与液压泵20的出口端连接,溢流阀40的回油口连接油箱10,控制器进一步被配置为:
获取溢流阀40的设定压力P rc
比对溢流阀40的设定压力P rc和第一油压值P s并判断溢流阀40是否存在溢流;
当P s>0.85P rc,则溢流阀40存在溢流;
当P s≤0.85P rc,则溢流阀40关闭。
具体地,溢流阀40的设定压力P rc的判定过程为:对于空载顶升油缸60的活塞杆伸出过程中,有P zero<P s2<P s2R、P zero<P 1<P 1TR、P s<α TP s2R,当转变为 P s2<P zero、P 1<P zero、P s>α TP s2R时,判断此时油液经溢流阀40流过,此时P s值为溢流阀40的设定压力,如abs(P s-P rc)<P zero,则溢流阀40设定压力准确,否则需要调整。其中,P zero为一个大于0且接近于0的小值,在算法中表示压力误差允许值,上述α T为温度影响系数,取值大于1.2,小于1.5为优选的方案;abs代表绝对值。
若P s>0.85Prc,则判断溢流阀40存在部分溢流;若P s>0.97P rc,则判断液压泵20的流量大部分经溢流阀40流走;若P s≤0.85P rc,则溢流阀40关闭,不存在溢流。
该实施例根据溢流阀40入口处的压力P s和溢流阀40的动作特性,判断溢流阀40处是否有溢流流量,判定过程简答且精确。
进一步需要说明的是,本申请中的智能液压***的顶升油缸60具有六个工况:空载伸缸、空载收缸、提梁收缸、带梁伸缸、带载顶升向上和带载向下。其中,在带载顶升向上活带载向下的工况下指的是在顶升油缸60的活塞杆的顶升端连接有塔机负载;在提梁收缸和带梁伸缸的工况下指的是在顶升油缸60的活塞杆的顶升端连接有扁担梁负载。空载工况活塞杆上不连接塔机部件,为非工作工况。提梁收缸和带梁伸缸时,顶升油缸60的活塞杆只带扁担梁负载;带载顶升向上和带载向下时,顶升油缸60的活塞杆带塔机上部载荷;这四种工况为工作工况。为了判定在不同的工况下顶升油缸60的活塞杆的动作方向,通常根据各个回路段的压差来判断流量的流向和顶升油缸60的动作方向,具体地,控制器进一步被配置为:
分别对第一油压值P s、第三油压值P 1、第一回路段压差P s1、第二回路段压差P s2在不同温度下进行标定,并得到第一油压标定值P sTR、第三油压标定值P 1TR、第一回路段压差标定值P s1R和第二回路段压差标定值P s2R并判断顶升油缸60的活塞杆的动作方向;
当P 1≤α TP 1TR且P 1>P zero、P s2<α TP s2R且P s2>P zero时,则顶升油缸60的活塞杆伸出;
Figure PCTCN2022099224-appb-000006
且P zero<P s1<α TP s1R、P zero<P 2<α TP sTR时,则顶升油缸60的活塞杆缩回;
其中,α T为温度影响系数,P zero为压力误差允许值,i为平衡阀50的先导比,P c为平衡阀50的设计设定压力。
对顶升油缸60的活塞杆的动作方向的识别,主要是根据有杆腔管路接口(即 P 1测点)的压力结合P s1、P s2来判断顶升油缸60的活塞杆的动作方向。详细的判定过程如下:
判断原理为:顶升油缸60的活塞杆伸出时,P 1测点压力为P 1T回路段(P 1T回路段指的是从P 1测压点到油箱10的回路段)的压差,该值较低,通常在1MPa以内,额定记作P 1TR;顶升油缸60的活塞杆缩回时,P 1测点压力需控制平衡阀50的开启,远远大于P 1TR;若顶升油缸60的活塞杆没有动作,换向阀30处于P s与P 2相通位置时,可以通过监测P 1值、P s1值、P s2值,即可判断顶升油缸60的活塞杆的动作方向。
具体的判断方法:
(1)油缸伸出时,对于已知管路,P 1T回路段的压差P 1、P s与P 2回路段的压差P s2都只与流量和油温有关,而对已知泵站和油缸,通过P 1T、P s与P 2回路段的流量也是基本固定的。优选地,通过试验标定P 1TR、P S2R的值。
当P 1≤α TP 1TR且P 1>P zero、P s2<α TP s2R且P s2>P zero时,(式中α T为温度影响系数),判断油缸动作方向为伸出。
(2)油缸缩回时,对于已知管路,P 2T回路段的压差P 2、P s与P 1之间的回路段的压差P s1都只与流量和油温有关,而对已知泵站和油缸,通过P s与P 2之间的回路段、P s与P 1之间的回路段的流量也是基本固定的。优选地,通过试验标定P STR、P S1R的值。
Figure PCTCN2022099224-appb-000007
且P zero<P s1<α TP s1R、P zero<P 2<α TP sTR时,则判断顶升油缸60的活塞杆的动作方向为缩回。
(3)若P s≥P rc且P s1<P zero,则判断换向阀30处于P s和P 1连通位置,但油液经溢流阀40流回油箱10;此时油缸有两种可能:其一是顶升油缸60的活塞杆缩回到位,其二是顶升油缸60的活塞杆缩回过程中受其它部件阻挡。
(4)若P s≥P rc且P s2<P zero,则判断换向阀30处于P s和P 2连通位置,但油液经溢流阀40流回油箱10;此时顶升油缸60有两种可能:其一是顶升油缸60的活塞杆伸出到位,其二是顶升油缸60的活塞杆伸出过程中受其它部件阻挡。
(5)换向阀30处于中位时,顶升油缸60没有动作,液压泵20出的油液经换向阀30P、T口回到油箱10,对于已知泵站,通过P sT回路段(指的是P s测压点到油箱10的回路段)的流量是基本固定的。优选地,通过试验标定P sT回路段压差P STR的值。
若P s<α TP sTR,且P 1<P zero或P 2<P zero或P 1>P s或P 2>P s,则判断换向阀30处于中位。
本实施例中通过根据三处测点压力和四个液压回路段的压差,推断油液流动的方向,从而判断换向阀30的位置以及油缸的运动方向,从而实现工况识别中的方向识别。
在本申请的实施例中,顶升油缸60的活塞杆的顶升端连接载荷,控制器进一步被配置为:
当连接不同的载荷时,分别获取顶升油缸60的活塞杆在伸出时的第二油压计算值P 2′和在缩回时的第三油压计算值P 1′;
根据第二油压计算值P 2′和第三油压计算值P 1′判断载荷的类型。
根据油缸活塞杆的受力平衡方程、平衡阀50阀芯受力平衡方程、平衡阀50阀口流量方程推断各工况下各处压力的值,从而实现工况识别中的载荷识别。
在本申请的实施例中,第二油压计算值P 2′能够通过如下公式计算得到:
Figure PCTCN2022099224-appb-000008
其中,f为摩擦力,F L为顶升油缸60的活塞杆受到的负载压力,A 0为顶升油缸60的无杆腔横截面积,ΔP为油液经过平衡阀50的通道的压差,i A为顶升油缸60的有杆腔与无杆腔的面积之比。
前文已判断伸缸和收缸,以下算法主要区分带载顶升向上和带载向下的伸缸工况、提梁收缸和带载向下收缸工况。其中,具体地的判断过程如下所示,
扁担梁重力记为G B,塔机上装重量记为G L
设油缸活塞杆上负载为F L,则活塞杆受力平衡方程有:
Figure PCTCN2022099224-appb-000009
式中:f为摩擦力,活塞杆伸出时f符号取”+”,活塞杆缩回时f符号取”-“;空载时F L=0;带载(塔机上部载荷)时F L=G L;活塞杆只带扁担梁时F L=-G B。P 0为顶升油缸60的无杆腔压力,A 0为顶升油缸60的无杆腔横截面积。
以下算法主要用于区分伸缸的两种工况:带载顶升向上和带梁伸缸。
此时油液经平衡阀50的单向阀功能通道,有:P 0=P 2′-ΔP;ΔP为油液经过单向阀功能通道的压差,其值由流量和阀的通流特性决定,通常在0.2MPa以内。
则:
Figure PCTCN2022099224-appb-000010
通常塔机上部载荷作用在无杆腔上的负载压力
Figure PCTCN2022099224-appb-000011
约为20~28MPa。而
Figure PCTCN2022099224-appb-000012
值 通常很小,在2MPa以下。因此带载顶升向上和带梁伸缸的P 2值差别很大,以此区分带载顶升向上工况和带梁伸缸工况。
为了区分在收缸工况下的两种形式:提梁收缸和带载向下;第三油压计算值P1′能够通过如下公式计算得到:
Figure PCTCN2022099224-appb-000013
其中,i A为顶升油缸60的有杆腔与无杆腔的面积之比,k为平衡阀50阀芯弹簧刚度,P c0为平衡阀50阀芯开始开启时的设定压力,f为摩擦力,F L为顶升油缸60的活塞杆受到的负载压力,x v为平衡阀50的阀芯开启位移,i为平衡阀50的先导比。
而,平衡阀50阀口处稳态流量方程有:
Figure PCTCN2022099224-appb-000014
式中C q为流量系数,ρ为液压油密度,x v为阀芯开启位移。当流量一定时,阀芯位移x v随顶升油缸60的无杆腔压力P 0的变化而动态调整,从而在平衡阀50的阀口处产生所需要的压差。轻载时,P 0小,则x v大;重载时,P 0大,则x v小。
那么,平衡阀50阀芯受力平衡方程有:P c0+(1+i)P 2+kx v=P 0+iP 1
式中k为阀芯弹簧刚度,P c0为平衡阀50阀芯开始开启时的设定压力。
通常阀芯开始开启时与阀芯全开时,有如下关系:
Figure PCTCN2022099224-appb-000015
由以上式子可推得:
Figure PCTCN2022099224-appb-000016
通常塔机上部载荷作用在无杆腔上的负载压力G L/A 0约为20~28MPa;提梁收缸时G B/A 0值通常很小,在2MPa以下。且负载P 0越大时,x v越小。因此,带载 向下收缸工况与提梁收缸有较大区别。通过P 1测量值和上式推算,可区分带载向下工况和空载收缸工况。
进一步地,油箱10内还设置有用于检测油温的液位液温计70,控制器进一步被配置为:
在带载顶升向上工况下,获取当前油温所处的温度范围;
分别获取温度范围的两个端点温度下的第二回路段压差P s2(T1)、P s2(T2)和第三油压值P 1(T1)、P 1(T2);
根据两个端点温度处的第二回路段压差P s2(T1)、P s2(T2)和第三油压值P 1(T2)、P 1(T2)以及当前温度的第二回路段压差P s2和第三油压值P 1判断智能液压***是否正常工作。
速度监测的原理:速度与流量成正比,在相同的温度下,而流经液压***某回路段的压差与流量正相关。流量相同时,流经液压***某回路段产生的压差随油液粘度增加而减小,油液粘度随温度的升高而降低。根据前文试验标定的各回路段在不同油温下的压差,顶升工作时实时测量值、计算值与之进行比较,从而判断速度是否正常。
在带载顶升向上和带梁伸缸工况,如油温处于(T1,T2)区间范围内,则该温度范围的端点温度T1处所对应的第二回路段压差记为P S2(T1),端点温度T2处所对应的第二回路段压差记为P S2(T2);该温度范围的端点温度T1处所对应的第三油压值记为P 1(T1),该温度范围的端点温度T2处所对应的第三油压值记为P 1(T2);
若P s2>P S2(T1),P 1>P 1(T1),则判断回路段压差正常,油缸活塞杆速度正常;
若P s2<P s2(T2),P 1<P 1(T2),则判断回路段压差偏低、活塞杆速度偏低,提示***存在泄漏或溢流。
此外,根据顶升油缸60的活塞杆受力平衡方程,该智能液压***还能够用来监测顶升力是否异常,具体地,控制器进一步被配置为:
获取顶升油缸60的活塞杆受到的负载压力P L和顶升油缸60的标定初始值P L0并判断顶升油缸60的顶升力是否异常;
当P L/P L0>1.15,则顶升油缸60的顶升力异常;
当P L/P L0≤1.15,则顶升油缸60的顶升力正常。
具体地,当顶升油缸60的活塞杆在带载顶升向上时,根据顶升油缸60的活塞杆受力平衡方程有:
Figure PCTCN2022099224-appb-000017
则:
Figure PCTCN2022099224-appb-000018
式中ΔP值在0.2MPa以下,可带入0.2MPa计算,或忽略。在配平后顶升动作开始时,标定初始值P L0,顶升向上的过程中,若P L/P L0>1.15,则判定为顶升力异常,原因为顶升过程中有异常阻力或摩擦力过大。
在本申请的实施例中,还提出一种液压顶升装置,液压顶升装置包括如上的智能液压***。针对液压顶升装置在使用中的各种故障和质量问题,本申请专利中的智能顶升装置实现以下功能:溢流阀40压力设定监测、平衡阀50设定压力监测、顶升速度监测、顶升工况识别、各工况下压力是否正常的识别、溢流阀40溢流识别、顶升力异常监测等。
在本申请的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本申请的描述中,“多个”的含义是至少两个,例如两个,三个等,除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接或彼此可通讯;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系,除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外,在不相互矛盾的情况下,本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例,可以理解的是,上述实施例是示例性的,不能理解为对本申请的限制,本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种智能液压***,其中,所述智能液压***的油路上设置有用于检测油压的多个测压点,所述智能液压***还包括控制器,所述控制器被配置为:
    分别收集多个所述测压点分别对应的油压值;
    计算多个所述测压点之间的多个回路段压差;
    对多个所述测压点分别对应的油压值以及多个所述回路段压差进行处理,并根据处理结果对所述智能液压***的液压元件反馈判断。
  2. 根据权利要1所述的智能液压***,其中,所述智能液压***包括油箱(10)、液压泵(20)、换向阀(30)、顶升油缸(60)和平衡阀(50),所述换向阀(30)的第一工作油口通过所述平衡阀(50)与顶升油缸(60)的无杆腔连接,所述换向阀(30)的第二工作油口与所述顶升油缸(60)的有杆腔连接,所述液压泵(20)用于将液压油泵送至所述换向阀(30)的进油口,所述换向阀(30)的回油口连接至所述油箱(10)。
  3. 根据权利要2所述的智能液压***,其中,所述测压点的数量为三个且分别为用于所述液压泵(20)的出油端油压的第一测压点(61)、用于检测所述平衡阀(50)的进油端油压的第二测压点(62)以及用于检测所述顶升油缸(60)的有杆腔的出油端油压的第三测压点(63),所述控制器进一步被配置为:
    分别收集所述第一测压点(61)的第一油压值P s、所述第二测压点(62)的第二油压值P 2以及所述第三测压点(63)的第三油压值P 1
    计算所述第一测压点(61)到所述第三测压点(63)之间的第一回路段压差P s1以及所述第一测压点(61)到所述第二测压点(62)之间的第二回路段压差P s2
    对第一油压值P s、第二油压值P 2、第三油压值P 1、第一回路段压差P s1以及第二回路段压差P s2进行处理,并根据处理结果对所述智能液压***的液压元件反馈判断。
  4. 根据权利要3所述的智能液压***,其中,所述控制器进一步被配置为:
    获取所述平衡阀(50)的设计设定压力;
    根据第二油压值P 2和第三油压值P 1计算所述平衡阀(50)的实际设定压力;
    根据所述设计设定压力和所述实际设定压力判断所述平衡阀(50)的设计设定压力是否准确。
  5. 根据权利要4所述的智能液压***,其中,所述平衡阀(50)的实际设定压力采用如下计算公式得到:
    P c′=(i+i A)P 2-(1+i)P 1
    其中,i为所述平衡阀(50)的先导比,i A为所述顶升油缸(60)的有杆腔与无杆腔的面积之比;P c'为平衡阀(50)的实际设定压力。
  6. 根据权利要4所述的智能液压***,其中,所述控制器进一步被配置为:
    获取所述平衡阀(50)的实际设定压力和设计设定压力之间的差值绝对值;
    当所述差值绝对值小于压力误差允许值时,则判定所述平衡阀(50)的设计设定压力准确;
    当所述差值绝对值大于或等于压力误差允许值时,则判定所述平衡阀(50)的设计设定压力不准确。
  7. 根据权利要4所述的智能液压***,其中,所述液压泵(20)的出油口和所述油箱(10)之间还连接有溢流阀(40),所述溢流阀(40)的进油口与所述液压泵(20)的出口端连接,所述溢流阀(40)的回油口连接所述油箱(10),所述控制器进一步被配置为:
    获取所述溢流阀(40)的设定压力P rc
    比对所述溢流阀(40)的设定压力P rc和所述第一油压值P s并判断所述溢流阀(40)是否存在溢流;
    当P s>0.85P rc,则所述溢流阀(40)存在溢流;
    当P s≤0.85P rc,则所述溢流阀(40)关闭。
  8. 根据权利要3所述的智能液压***,其中,所述控制器进一步被配置为:
    分别对第一油压值P s、第三油压值P 1、第一回路段压差P s1、第二回路段压差P s2在不同温度下进行标定,并得到第一油压标定值P sTR、第三油压标定值P 1TR、第一回路段压差标定值P s1R和第二回路段压差标定值P s2R并判断所述顶升油缸(60)的活塞杆的动作方向;
    当P 1≤α TP 1TR且P 1>P zero、P s2TP s2R且P s2>P zero时,则所述顶升油缸(60)的活塞杆伸出;
    Figure PCTCN2022099224-appb-100001
    且P zero<P s1TP s1R、P zero<P 2TP sTR时,则所述顶升油缸(60)的活塞杆缩回;
    其中,α T为温度影响系数,P zero为压力误差允许值,i为所述平衡阀(50) 的先导比,P c为所述平衡阀(50)的设计设定压力。
  9. 根据权利要3所述的智能液压***,所述顶升油缸(60)的活塞杆的顶升端连接载荷,其中,所述控制器进一步被配置为:
    当连接不同的载荷时,分别获取所述顶升油缸(60)的活塞杆在伸出时的第二油压计算值P 2'和在缩回时的第三油压计算值P 1';
    根据所述第二油压计算值P 2'和所述第三油压计算值P 1'判断所述载荷的类型。
  10. 根据权利要9所述的智能液压***,其中,所述第二油压计算值P 2'能够通过如下公式计算得到:
    Figure PCTCN2022099224-appb-100002
    其中,f为摩擦力,F L为所述顶升油缸(60)的活塞杆受到的负载压力,A 0为所述顶升油缸(60)的无杆腔横截面积,ΔP为油液经过所述平衡阀(50)的通道的压差,P 1为第三油压值,i A为所述顶升油缸(60)的有杆腔与无杆腔的面积之比。
  11. 根据权利要9所述的智能液压***,其中,所述第三油压计算值P 1'能够通过如下公式计算得到:
    Figure PCTCN2022099224-appb-100003
    其中,i A为所述顶升油缸(60)的有杆腔与无杆腔的面积之比,k为平衡阀(50)阀芯弹簧刚度,P c0为平衡阀(50)阀芯开始开启时的设定压力,f为摩擦力,F L为所述顶升油缸(60)的活塞杆受到的负载压力,x v为所述平衡阀(50)的阀芯开启位移,i为所述平衡阀(50)的先导比。
  12. 根据权利要10所述的智能液压***,其中,所述油箱(10)内还设置有用于检测油温的液位液温计(70),所述控制器进一步被配置为:
    在带载顶升向上工况下,获取当前油温所处的温度范围;
    分别获取所述温度范围的两个端点温度下的第二回路段压差P s2(T1)、P s2(T2)和第三油压值P 1(T2)、P 1(T2);
    根据两个端点温度处的第二回路段压差P s2(T1)、P s2(T2)和第三油压值 P 1(T2)、P 1(T2)以及当前温度的第二回路段压差P s2和第三油压值P 1判断智能液压***是否正常工作。
  13. 根据权利要10所述的智能液压***,其中,所述控制器进一步被配置为:
    获取所述顶升油缸(60)的活塞杆受到的负载压力P L和所述顶升油缸(60)的标定初始值P L0并判断所述顶升油缸(60)的顶升力是否异常;
    当P L/P L0>1.15,则所述顶升油缸(60)的顶升力异常;
    当P L/P L0≤1.15,则所述顶升油缸(60)的顶升力正常。
  14. 一种液压顶升装置,其中,所述液压顶升装置包括智能液压***,所述智能液压***的油路上设置有用于检测油压的多个测压点,所述智能液压***还包括控制器,所述控制器被配置为:
    分别收集多个所述测压点分别对应的油压值;
    计算多个所述测压点之间的多个回路段压差;
    对多个所述测压点分别对应的油压值以及多个所述回路段压差进行处理,并根据处理结果对所述智能液压***的液压元件反馈判断。
  15. 根据权利要14所述的智能液压***,其中,所述智能液压***包括油箱(10)、液压泵(20)、换向阀(30)、顶升油缸(60)和平衡阀(50),所述换向阀(30)的第一工作油口通过所述平衡阀(50)与顶升油缸(60)的无杆腔连接,所述换向阀(30)的第二工作油口与所述顶升油缸(60)的有杆腔连接,所述液压泵(20)用于将液压油泵送至所述换向阀(30)的进油口,所述换向阀(30)的回油口连接至所述油箱(10)。
  16. 根据权利要15所述的智能液压***,其中,所述测压点的数量为三个且分别为用于所述液压泵(20)的出油端油压的第一测压点(61)、用于检测所述平衡阀(50)的进油端油压的第二测压点(62)以及用于检测所述顶升油缸(60)的有杆腔的出油端油压的第三测压点(63),所述控制器进一步被配置为:
    分别收集所述第一测压点(61)的第一油压值P s、所述第二测压点(62)的第二油压值P 2以及所述第三测压点(63)的第三油压值P 1
    计算所述第一测压点(61)到所述第三测压点(63)之间的第一回路段压差P s1以及所述第一测压点(61)到所述第二测压点(62)之间的第二回路段压差P s2
    对第一油压值P s、第二油压值P 2、第三油压值P 1、第一回路段压差P s1以 及第二回路段压差P s2进行处理,并根据处理结果对所述智能液压***的液压元件反馈判断。
  17. 根据权利要16所述的智能液压***,其中,所述控制器进一步被配置为:
    获取所述平衡阀(50)的设计设定压力;
    根据第二油压值P 2和第三油压值P 1计算所述平衡阀(50)的实际设定压力;
    根据所述设计设定压力和所述实际设定压力判断所述平衡阀(50)的设计设定压力是否准确。
  18. 根据权利要17所述的智能液压***,其中,所述平衡阀(50)的实际设定压力采用如下计算公式得到:
    P c′=(i+i A)P 2-(1+i)P 1
    其中,i为所述平衡阀(50)的先导比,i A为所述顶升油缸(60)的有杆腔与无杆腔的面积之比;P c'为平衡阀(50)的实际设定压力。
  19. 根据权利要17所述的智能液压***,其中,所述控制器进一步被配置为:
    获取所述平衡阀(50)的实际设定压力和设计设定压力之间的差值绝对值;
    当所述差值绝对值小于压力误差允许值时,则判定所述平衡阀(50)的设计设定压力准确;
    当所述差值绝对值大于或等于压力误差允许值时,则判定所述平衡阀(50)的设计设定压力不准确。
  20. 根据权利要17所述的智能液压***,其中,所述液压泵(20)的出油口和所述油箱(10)之间还连接有溢流阀(40),所述溢流阀(40)的进油口与所述液压泵(20)的出口端连接,所述溢流阀(40)的回油口连接所述油箱(10),所述控制器进一步被配置为:
    获取所述溢流阀(40)的设定压力P rc
    比对所述溢流阀(40)的设定压力P rc和所述第一油压值P s并判断所述溢流阀(40)是否存在溢流;
    当P s>0.85P rc,则所述溢流阀(40)存在溢流;
    当P s≤0.85P rc,则所述溢流阀(40)关闭。
PCT/CN2022/099224 2021-12-17 2022-06-16 智能液压***及液压顶升装置 WO2023109049A1 (zh)

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