WO2023108529A1 - 电池单体、盖组件、电池、用电装置、方法及设备 - Google Patents

电池单体、盖组件、电池、用电装置、方法及设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023108529A1
WO2023108529A1 PCT/CN2021/138706 CN2021138706W WO2023108529A1 WO 2023108529 A1 WO2023108529 A1 WO 2023108529A1 CN 2021138706 W CN2021138706 W CN 2021138706W WO 2023108529 A1 WO2023108529 A1 WO 2023108529A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hole
battery cell
hole section
wall
sealing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/138706
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘彦宇
郑于炼
张小细
黄守君
陈新祥
王鹏
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/138706 priority Critical patent/WO2023108529A1/zh
Priority to EP21967664.0A priority patent/EP4386957A1/en
Priority to CN202180095244.0A priority patent/CN116941115A/zh
Publication of WO2023108529A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023108529A1/zh
Priority to US18/441,390 priority patent/US20240186646A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/184—Sealing members characterised by their shape or structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
    • H01M50/193—Organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/325—Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/367—Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or case; Double cover vent systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cell, a cover assembly, a battery, an electrical device, a method, and a device.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a cover assembly, a battery, an electrical device, a method, and equipment, and the battery cell can alleviate battery safety problems caused by exhaust gas.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, including: an electrode assembly; a casing for accommodating the electrode assembly, the casing includes a wall, the wall includes a stepped hole, the stepped hole runs through the thickness direction of the wall, and the step
  • the hole includes a first hole section, a second hole section and a first stepped surface, the first hole section is closer to the electrode assembly than the second hole section, and the first stepped surface is used to connect the hole wall of the first hole section and the second hole
  • the hole wall of the segment; the sealing member forms a first sealing interface with the first step surface, the first sealing interface surrounds the first hole segment, and the sealing member has a vent hole communicating with the first hole segment;
  • the gas-permeable diaphragm includes The body and the convex part, the body covers the vent hole and forms a second sealing interface with the seal, the second sealing interface surrounds the vent hole, the convex part is arranged on the side of the body facing the seal part, and the convex part is located in the hole of the second
  • the stepped hole includes a first hole section arranged close to the electrode assembly, a second hole section, and a stepped surface connecting the first hole section and the second hole section , the first hole section and the first stepped surface can be used to accommodate at least part of the seal and can form a first sealing interface with the seal, the first sealing interface is arranged around the first hole section, and can ensure that the seal and the wall between the sealing performance.
  • the vent hole communicated with the first hole section provided on the sealing member can guide the gas inside the battery cell to the inside of the stepped hole, and then be discharged to the outside of the housing.
  • the breathable membrane includes a body and a convex part.
  • the body covers the vent hole, so that the gas entering through the vent hole can be discharged to the outside of the battery cell through the breathable membrane.
  • the breathable membrane can block the leakage of the electrolyte and prevent the entry of external water vapor.
  • the inside of the battery cell affects the performance of the battery cell.
  • a second sealing interface is formed between the main body and the sealing member, and the second sealing interface surrounds the vent hole.
  • the convex part because it is arranged on the side of the body facing the seal, the convex part is located between the hole wall of the second hole segment and the seal, so as to limit the radial movement of the gas-permeable diaphragm along the second hole segment, That is to say, since there is a convex part connected to the body between the hole wall of the second hole section and the seal, when the body moves in the radial direction, it will drive the convex part to move, and the convex part is located in the hole of the second hole section Between the wall and the seal, when the convex part moves in the radial direction, it will provide a limit, inhibit the movement of the convex part, and then restrict the body from moving in the radial direction, so as to avoid the deviation movement of the air-permeable diaphragm during assembly or the large air pressure deformation move in the radial direction. Correspondingly arranged fixing parts can press and hold the breathable membrane to maintain the airtightness of the
  • more than two protrusions are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the second hole segment.
  • more than two protrusions are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction.
  • the air-permeable diaphragm is limited and evenly stressed at all places in the circumferential direction when the battery cell is assembled and formed, and when the air pressure inside the battery cell is too high, avoiding The air-permeable diaphragm moves radially due to uneven force.
  • the protrusion is an annular structure extending continuously along the circumference of the second hole segment. It can not only meet the overall positioning of the ventilating membrane during assembly, but also reduce the probability of the ventilating membrane moving in the radial direction, ensure assembly accuracy, and ensure the safety of exhaust.
  • the body is a sheet-like structure with uniform thickness.
  • the protrusion has a first gap between the thickness direction and the first stepped surface.
  • the protrusion has a second gap between the radial direction of the second hole segment and the sealing member.
  • the outer surface of the protrusion facing the inner wall of the second hole section is a slope.
  • the radial distance between the outer surface and the inner wall gradually increases from the side where the protrusion faces the inner wall of the second hole segment away from the sealing element to the side where the sealing element is located.
  • the body and the convex part are integrally formed.
  • the air-permeable membrane is entirely accommodated in the second hole segment.
  • the first sealing interface at least partially overlaps with the second sealing interface.
  • the gas-permeable membrane is used to activate when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold value, so as to open the vent hole and release the internal pressure of the battery cell. That is to say, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold value, the vent hole is connected to the outside of the battery cell, and then the gas inside the battery cell is discharged to the outside of the battery cell to avoid the internal pressure of the battery Or the risk of battery cell damage or even explosion caused by excessive temperature.
  • the gas-permeable membrane includes polymer materials.
  • the stepped hole further includes a third hole section and a second stepped surface, the second hole section is located between the third hole section and the first hole section, at least part of the fixing member is accommodated in the third hole section, and the fixed The part of the component beyond the hole wall of the second hole segment is pressed against the second step surface.
  • the fixing member is integrally accommodated in the third hole segment.
  • the case includes a case and a cover assembly
  • the case has an opening
  • the electrode assembly is disposed in the case
  • the cover assembly closes the opening
  • one of the case and the cover assembly has a wall.
  • the housing may include a wall
  • the cover assembly may include a wall.
  • the wall portion includes a base and an adapter
  • the base includes a through hole penetrating in the thickness direction
  • the adapter is accommodated in the through hole and connected to the base
  • the adapter has a stepped hole, a seal, a breathable membrane
  • Both the sheet and the fixing piece are arranged on the adapter piece.
  • the wall part is provided with a limiting groove that snap fits with the sealing member, and the limiting groove is formed by indenting from the first step surface in a direction away from the air-permeable membrane, so The sealing member at least partly extends into the limiting groove and snap fits with the limiting groove.
  • the present application provides a cover assembly for a battery cell.
  • the cover assembly includes: a cover plate including a wall, the wall includes a stepped hole penetrating in the thickness direction of the wall, and the stepped hole includes a first A hole section, a second hole section and a first step surface, the first hole section is closer to the electrode assembly of the battery cell than the second hole section, and the first step surface is used to connect the hole wall of the first hole section and the second hole
  • the sealing member forms a first sealing interface with the first step surface, the first sealing interface surrounds the first hole segment, and the sealing member has a vent hole communicating with the first hole segment;
  • the gas-permeable diaphragm includes The body and the convex part, the body covers the vent hole and forms a second sealing interface with the seal, the second sealing interface surrounds the vent hole, the convex part is arranged on the side of the body facing the seal part, and the convex part is located in the hole of the second hole section between
  • the present application provides a battery, including the above-mentioned battery cell, and the battery cell is used to provide electric energy.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, including the above-mentioned battery.
  • the present application provides a method for manufacturing a battery cell, including:
  • a cover assembly is provided, the cover assembly is connected to the housing and closes the opening, the cover assembly includes:
  • the cover plate includes a wall portion, the wall portion includes a stepped hole penetrating in the thickness direction of the wall portion, the stepped hole includes a first hole section, a second hole section and a first stepped surface, and the first hole section is larger than the second hole section
  • the electrode assembly closer to the battery cell, the first stepped surface is used to connect the hole wall of the first hole section and the hole wall of the second hole section;
  • a sealing member forms a first sealing interface with the first stepped surface, the first sealing interface surrounds the first hole segment, and the sealing member has a vent hole communicating with the first hole segment;
  • the air-permeable diaphragm includes a body and a convex part.
  • the body covers the vent hole and forms a second sealing interface with the seal.
  • the second sealing interface surrounds the vent hole.
  • the convex part is arranged on the side of the body facing the seal part. between the hole wall of the second hole section and the seal to limit the radial movement of the gas permeable diaphragm along the second hole section;
  • a fixing member is connected to the wall and is used to provide pressure to the gas-permeable membrane.
  • the present application provides a battery cell manufacturing equipment, including:
  • a first assembly device configured to provide a housing having an opening
  • the second assembly device is configured to provide an electrode assembly, and install the electrode assembly into the case;
  • the third assembly device is configured to provide a cover assembly, the cover assembly is connected to the housing and closes the opening, the cover assembly includes: the cover plate includes a wall portion, the wall portion includes a stepped hole penetrating in the thickness direction of the wall portion, the stepped hole It includes a first hole section, a second hole section and a first step surface, the first hole section is closer to the electrode assembly of the battery cell than the second hole section, and the first step surface is used to connect the hole wall of the first hole section and the first step surface
  • the sealing member forms a first sealing interface with the first step surface, the first sealing interface surrounds the first hole section, and the sealing member has a vent hole communicating with the first hole section; a gas-permeable membrane
  • the sheet includes a body and a protrusion, the body covers the air hole and forms a second sealing interface with the seal, the second sealing interface surrounds the air hole, the protrusion is arranged on the side of the body facing the seal, and the protru
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a top view of a battery cell in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a partial sectional view along the A-A direction in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of place B in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of the structure shown in Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a breathable membrane according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a breathable membrane according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery cell in another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery cell according to some other embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell manufacturing equipment provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • 210-wall 210a-substrate; 210b-transition piece; 210c-through hole;
  • 23-electrode assembly 231-tab; X-thickness direction; Y-radial direction; Z-circumferential direction.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two), similarly, “multiple groups” refers to more than two groups (including two), and “multiple pieces” refers to More than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydraulic, thermal, wind and solar power plants, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields . With the continuous expansion of power battery application fields, its market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • the exhaust rate of the battery cells is directly proportional to the vent area of the vent member and inversely proportional to the vent thickness of the vent member. Due to the space limitation of the battery cell and the structural requirements of the module, the area of the ventilation member needs to be reduced as much as possible. In order to ensure the ventilation requirements, the thickness of the ventilation member should be reduced accordingly.
  • the thinning of the ventilation member will affect the interface sealing and assembly. For example, During the assembly process of the ventilating components, it is easy to move in series, that is, in the radial direction of the vent hole on the casing for discharging gas, there is a series movement.
  • the gas will be discharged from the battery cell through the ventilating member, and the gas will act on the ventilating member during the discharge process, making the venting member easy to deform and making the ventilating member easy to pass through the vent hole. Protrusion will bring safety hazard to the battery cell.
  • the applicant found that the displacement of the breathable member can be restricted by setting a convex part on the breathable member. To alleviate the battery cell safety problems caused by exhaust.
  • the inventor in order to alleviate the potential safety hazard caused by the displacement of the ventilating member during the use of the battery cell, the inventor has conducted in-depth research and designed a battery cell that restricts the displacement of the ventilating member by setting a convex portion , to alleviate the battery cell safety problems caused by exhaust.
  • the battery cells disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used, but not limited to, in electric devices such as vehicles, ships or aircrafts.
  • the power supply system composed of the battery cells and batteries disclosed in the present application can be used to form the power consumption device. In this way, it is beneficial to alleviate the displacement of the ventilating member, and improve the safety of battery performance and battery life.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electric device using a battery as a power source.
  • the electric device can be, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a notebook computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, and the like.
  • electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • a vehicle 1000 as an electric device according to an embodiment of the present application is taken as an example for description.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with a battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and running the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 10 and battery cells 20 housed in the case 10 .
  • the box body 10 is used to provide accommodating space for the battery cells 20 , and the box body 10 may adopt various structures.
  • the box body 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12, the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other, the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a of accommodation space.
  • the second part 12 can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first part 11 can be a plate-shaped structure, and the first part 11 covers the opening side of the second part 12, so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define an accommodation space .
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 can also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12 .
  • the box body 10 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid and the like.
  • the battery 100 there may be multiple battery cells 20 , and the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of the plurality of battery cells 20 is housed in the case 10 .
  • the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells 20 connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a whole, and accommodated in the box 10 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a bus component for realizing electrical connection between a plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit constituting a battery.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a cover assembly 21 , a casing 22 , an electrode assembly 23 and other functional components.
  • the cover assembly 21 refers to a component that covers the opening of the casing 22 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the cover assembly 21 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 22 to fit the housing 22 .
  • the cover assembly 21 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy), so that the cover assembly 21 is not easily deformed when it is squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 20 can have a higher Structural strength and safety performance can also be improved.
  • the cover assembly 21 may include functional components such as electrode terminals 21a, a cover plate 21b, and the like.
  • the electrode terminal 21 a can be used to be electrically connected with the electrode assembly 23 for outputting or inputting electric energy of the battery cell 20 .
  • the cover assembly 21 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value.
  • the material of the cover assembly 21 may also be various, for example, copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • an insulator can be provided inside the cover assembly 21 , and the insulator can be used to isolate the electrode assembly 23 in the case 22 from the cover assembly 21 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member 24 may be plastic, rubber or the like.
  • the casing 22 and the cover assembly 21 jointly form the shell of the battery cell 100, and the casing 22 is a component used to cooperate with the cover assembly 21 to form an internal environment of the battery cell 20, wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 23 and other components.
  • the casing 22 and the cover assembly 21 can be independent components, and an opening can be provided on the casing 22 , and the internal environment of the battery cell 20 can be formed by covering the opening with the cover assembly 21 .
  • the cover assembly 21 and the housing 22 can also be integrated. Specifically, the cover assembly 21 and the housing 22 can form a common connection surface before other components are inserted into the housing. When the inside of the housing 22 needs to be encapsulated , then make the cover assembly 21 cover the casing 22 .
  • the housing 22 can be in various shapes and sizes, such as cuboid, cylinder, hexagonal prism and so on. Specifically, the shape of the casing 22 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 23 .
  • the housing 22 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 23 is a part where an electrochemical reaction occurs in the battery cell 100 .
  • One or more electrode assemblies 23 may be contained within the case 22 .
  • the electrode assembly 23 is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive electrode sheets and negative electrode sheets, and a separator is usually provided between the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets.
  • the part of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet with the active material constitutes the main body of the electrode assembly, and the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet without the active material respectively constitute the tab 231 .
  • the positive pole tab and the negative pole tab can be located at one end of the main body together or at two ends of the main body respectively.
  • the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material react with the electrolyte, and the tab 231 is connected to the electrode terminal 21a to form a current loop.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of a battery cell 20 according to some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view along the direction A-A in FIG. 4
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of B in FIG. 5
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the structure shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, including a casing, an electrode assembly 23, a sealing member 220, a gas-permeable membrane 230, and a fixing member 240.
  • the casing is used to accommodate the electrode assembly 23.
  • the casing includes a wall portion 210, and the wall portion 210 includes The stepped hole 211, the stepped hole 211 runs through the thickness direction X of the wall portion 210, the stepped hole 211 includes a first hole section 2111, a second hole section 2112 and a first stepped surface 2113, the first hole section 2111 is larger than the second hole
  • the section 2112 is closer to the electrode assembly 23 , and the first stepped surface 2113 is used to connect the hole wall of the first hole section 2111 and the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 .
  • a first sealing interface 250 is formed between the sealing member 220 and the first stepped surface 2113 , the first sealing interface 250 surrounds the first hole segment 2111 , and the sealing member 220 has a vent hole 221 communicating with the first hole segment 2111 .
  • the breathable membrane 230 includes a body 231 and a convex portion 232. The body 231 covers the vent hole 221 and forms a second sealing interface 260 with the seal 220. The second sealing interface 260 surrounds the vent hole 221.
  • the convex portion 232 is arranged on the body 231 facing the On one side of the sealing member 220, the protrusion 232 is located between the hole wall of the second hole segment 2112 and the sealing member 220 to limit the movement of the gas permeable membrane 230 along the radial direction Y of the second hole segment 2112, and the fixing member 240 is connected to the wall part 210 and is used to provide pressure to the gas permeable membrane 230 .
  • the housing has a housing 22 and a cover assembly 21, the housing 22 has an opening, and the cover assembly 21 is arranged to close the opening.
  • the wall 210 of one of the housing 22 and the cover assembly 21 includes a stepped hole 211, which may be the wall of the housing 22 210 includes a stepped hole 211, or the wall portion 210 of the cover assembly 21 includes a stepped hole 211, and the cover assembly 21 is closed at the opening of the casing 22 to form the internal environment of the battery cell for accommodating the electrode assembly 23,
  • the wall portion 210 is a part of the side wall of the housing for enclosing and forming an internal environment.
  • the stepped hole 211 communicates with the inside and outside of the battery cell 100.
  • the thickness direction X of the wall portion 210 can be understood as the thickness direction X of the cover plate 21b.
  • the thickness direction X of the wall portion 210 is the thickness direction X of the corresponding position on the side wall of the housing 22, and if it is on the bottom wall of the housing 22, it can be understood that is the thickness direction X of the corresponding position of the bottom wall of the casing 22 .
  • the cross-sectional shapes of the first hole section 2111 and the hole section can be the same or different.
  • the first hole section 2111 is located on the side of the second hole section 2112 close to the electrode assembly 23, and the radial Y dimension of the first hole section 2111 can be smaller than the first hole section 2111.
  • the radial Y dimension of the second hole section 2112 , the first stepped surface 2113 is connected between the first hole section 2111 and the second hole section 2112 .
  • the cross-sectional shape of the first hole segment 2111 and that of the second hole segment 2112 may be the same but different in cross-sectional size. Certainly, the cross-sectional shapes and cross-sectional dimensions of the first hole segment 2111 and the second hole segment 2112 may be different.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the first hole segment 2111 may be circular or polygonal
  • the cross-sectional shape of the second hole segment 2112 may be circular, elliptical, or polygonal.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the air hole 221 may be circular or polygonal.
  • the circumferential direction Z, radial direction Y and axial direction of the first hole segment 2111, the second hole segment 2112, and the vent hole 221 are the respective circumscribed circles or inscribed circles. Circumferential Z, radial Y, and axial.
  • the direction perpendicular to the plane where the connecting lines of the vertices of the non-regular polygon are located is the axial direction
  • the direction set around the axis extending along the axial direction is the circumferential direction Z
  • the directions perpendicular to the axial direction are the radial direction.
  • a first sealing interface 250 is formed between the sealing member 220 and the first stepped surface 2113 , the sealing member 220 at least partially presses against the first stepped surface 2113 and contacts to form the first sealing interface 250 , the first sealing interface 250 is in the air hole 221
  • the circumferential direction Z is designed around the first hole segment 2111 , that is to say, the first sealing interface 250 is annular and arranged around the first hole segment 2111 .
  • the first stepped surface 2113 can be a plane, and of course it can also be a non-planar surface, such as a stepped surface.
  • the sealing member 220 may be at least partially located in the first hole segment 2111 and the vent hole 221 communicates with the first hole segment 2111 for guiding the gas generated inside the battery cell 20 into the first hole segment 2111 through the vent hole 221 .
  • the breathable membrane 230 has a breathable function, and its material can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene), PE (polyethylene, polyethylene) and PU (polyurethane, polyurethane), etc., and the gas inside the battery cell 20 needs to pass through the breathable membrane when it is discharged. Tablet 230.
  • the air-permeable membrane 230 can allow the gas inside the battery cell 20 to flow to the outside, and can block water vapor outside the battery cell 20 from entering the inside of the battery cell.
  • the orthographic projection of the main body 231 of the air-permeable membrane 230 in the thickness direction X of the wall portion 210 covers the air hole 221, that is to say, the area of the air-permeable membrane 230 is greater than the area of the air hole 221, and the air-permeable membrane 230 is on the side of the air hole 221.
  • the air hole 221 protrudes from the air hole 221 in the radial direction Y, and the protruding part contacts the seal member 220 to form a second sealing interface 260 , and the second sealing interface 260 surrounds the air hole 221 in the circumferential direction Z of the air hole 221 .
  • the protrusion 232 is disposed on the side of the body 231 facing the seal 220 , and the protrusion 232 may protrude from the body 231 in the thickness direction X of the wall portion 210 or in the axial direction of the vent hole 221 .
  • the convex portion 232 can be a block-shaped protrusion, an arc-shaped protrusion, or a full-ring protrusion, which is inserted into the area between the sealing member 220 and the hole wall of the second hole segment 2112 .
  • the protrusion 232 In the radial direction Y, the protrusion 232 may be in contact with one of the sealing member 220 and the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 , and of course, may also be spaced apart from each other.
  • the fixing part 240 can partially cover the ventilating diaphragm 230 and be connected to the wall 210 of the housing, and the pressure provided to the venting diaphragm 230 can be the axial upward force of the vent hole, so as to prevent the venting diaphragm 230 from being separated from the sealing member 220 and ensure the sealing sex.
  • the fixing part 240 can be made of metal material, so as to be connected with the wall part 210 by welding.
  • the fixing part 240 is provided with an opening for discharging the gas flowing through the gas-permeable membrane 230 .
  • a stepped hole 211 is provided on the wall 210, and the stepped hole 211 includes a first hole section 2111, a second hole section 2112 and a connecting first hole section 2111 arranged near the electrode assembly 23.
  • the first stepped surface 2113 of the second hole section 2112, the first hole section 2111 and the first stepped surface 2113 can be used to accommodate at least part of the seal 220 and can form a first sealing interface 250 with the seal 220, the first A sealing interface 250 is arranged around the first hole segment 2111 to ensure the sealing performance between the sealing member 220 and the wall portion 210 .
  • the vent hole 221 provided on the sealing member 220 and communicated with the first hole segment 2111 can guide the gas inside the battery cell 20 to the inside of the stepped hole 211 , and then be discharged to the outside of the housing.
  • the gas-permeable membrane 230 includes a body 231 and a convex portion 232.
  • the body 231 covers the vent hole 221, so that the gas entering through the vent hole 221 can be discharged to the outside of the battery cell 20 through the gas-permeable diaphragm 230.
  • the gas-permeable diaphragm 230 can block the electrolyte leakage, while preventing external water vapor from entering the battery cell 20 and affecting the performance of the battery cell 20 .
  • the second sealing interface 260 is formed between the main body 231 and the sealing member 220, and the second sealing interface 260 surrounds the vent hole 221.
  • the gas discharge effect can be ensured, and the electrolyte can be prevented from passing through the gap between the sealing member 220 and the main body 231.
  • the bonding area between them enters the outside of the main body 231 , and swelling occurs when the air-permeable membrane 230 is soaked.
  • the convex portion 232 is located between the hole wall of the second hole segment 2112 and the seal 220, so as to limit the air-permeable membrane 230 along the second
  • the radial Y movement of the hole segment 2112 that is to say, since the protrusion 232 connected with the body 231 is provided between the hole wall of the second hole segment 2112 and the seal 220, when the body 231 moves in the radial direction Y, It will drive the convex part 232 to move, and the convex part 232 is located between the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 and the seal 220.
  • the convex part 232 moves in the radial direction Y, it will provide a limit, restrain the convex part 232 from moving, and then limit
  • the main body 231 moves in the radial direction Y to prevent the air-permeable diaphragm 230 from moving in the radial direction Y when it is assembled or when it is subjected to large air pressure deformation.
  • Correspondingly arranged fixing parts 240 can press and hold the air-permeable diaphragm 230 to maintain the airtightness of the first sealing interface 250 and the first sealing interface 260 , and at the same time provide the air-permeable diaphragm 230 with an effect opposite to that of the internal air pressure of the battery cell 20 . force, suppress the deformation of the breathable membrane 230, and improve the safety performance of the battery cell 20.
  • the sealing member 220 may include a first sealing body 222 , a second sealing body 223 arranged at intervals in the radial direction Y of the air hole 221 , and a sealing body connected between the first sealing body 222 and the second sealing body 223 .
  • the connection body 224 , the first sealing body 222 , the second sealing body 223 and the sealing connection body 224 are flush with the side facing the gas-permeable membrane in the thickness direction X and are in contact with the gas-permeable membrane.
  • the vent hole 221 is formed in the first sealing body 222, the first sealing body 222 can be at least partially located in the first hole section 2111, the second sealing body 223 and the sealing connecting body 224 can be located in the second hole section 2112 and are connected to the first step
  • the surface 2113 is in contact with the air-permeable membrane 230 to form a first sealing interface 250 and a second sealing interface 260 .
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a breathable membrane 230 according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • more than two protrusions 232 are arranged at intervals.
  • the number of protrusions 232 is not specifically limited, and may be two, three or even more, and may be specifically set according to the size of the body 231 and the size requirements of each protrusion 232 .
  • the convex part 232 can adopt various shapes, for example, a cylindrical, prismatic or arc-shaped structure can be adopted.
  • more than two protrusions 232 are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction Z. That is to say, for more than two protrusions 232 in the circumferential direction Z, the included angles between two adjacent protrusions 232 are the same. Taking the number of protrusions 232 as four as an example, two adjacent protrusions 232 The angle between them is 90°.
  • the air-permeable membrane 230 is limited everywhere in the circumferential direction Z when the battery cell 20 is assembled and when the air pressure inside the battery cell 20 is too high. position and the force is uniform, avoiding the movement of the air-permeable diaphragm 230 in the radial direction Y due to uneven force.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a breathable membrane 230 according to other embodiments of the present application.
  • the protrusion 232 may also be an annular structure extending continuously along the circumferential direction Z of the second hole segment 2112 , through the above arrangement, the movement in the radial direction Y can also be limited.
  • the body 231 is a sheet structure with uniform thickness. Uniform thickness can be understood as that in the thickness direction X of the wall portion 210 or in the axial direction of the air hole 221 , the thicknesses of the main body 231 are equal or approximately equal.
  • the thickness of the body 231 can be any value between 0.1mm-0.2mm, including the two end values of 0.1mm and 0.2mm.
  • the thickness of the air-permeable membrane 230 can be made thin enough to ensure that the air-permeable rate is required, and the overall radial Y dimension becomes smaller, so as to save the occupied space of the air-permeable membrane 230 on the wall 210
  • the protrusion 232 has a first gap 270 between the thickness direction X and the first stepped surface 2113 .
  • the thickness direction X can also be understood as the axial direction of the vent hole 221 , through the above configuration, the processing error existing in the processing of the breathable diaphragm 230 can be absorbed to ensure the positioning and assembly requirements.
  • the protrusion 232 in the radial direction Y of the vent hole 221, has a second Clearance 280. That is to say, in the radial direction Y, the convex portion 232 and the sealing member 220 are spaced apart. Through the above setting, it is ensured that the sealing member 220 has enough compression space, thereby ensuring the sealing performance of the first sealing interface 250 .
  • the size of the second gap 280 is 0.3 mm to 0.4 mm.
  • the outer surface of the convex portion 232 facing the inner wall of the second hole segment 2112 is an inclined plane, and the outer surface of the convex portion 232 facing the inner wall of the second hole segment 2112 is away from the seal 220 From one side to the side where the seal 220 is located, the distance between the outer surface and the inner wall in the radial direction Y gradually increases.
  • the body 231 and the convex portion 232 are integrally formed, that is to say, the body 231 and the convex portion 232 are molded synchronously by the same process, which can improve the production efficiency of the breathable membrane 230 while ensuring that the convex portion 232 and the connection strength between the body 231.
  • the air-permeable membrane 230 is entirely accommodated in the second hole segment 2112 . That is to say, in the thickness direction X of the wall portion 210 , or in other words, in the axial direction of the air hole 221 , the air-permeable membrane 230 does not protrude beyond the second hole section 2112 .
  • the requirement for the fixing member 240 to provide pressure to the air-permeable membrane 230 can be met, and the sealing properties of the first sealing interface 250 and the second sealing interface 260 can be ensured.
  • the surface of the fixing member 240 facing the air-permeable membrane 230 can at least partially press against the wall portion 210 to facilitate connection and positioning with the housing.
  • the first sealing interface 250 and the second sealing interface 260 at least partially overlap. That is to say, in the thickness direction X of the wall portion 210 or the axial direction of the vent hole 221 , the orthographic projection of the first sealing interface 250 and the orthographic projection of the second sealing interface 260 at least partially overlap, of course, they can also completely overlap.
  • the sealing performance of the first sealing interface 250 and the second sealing interface 260 can be guaranteed, so that the sealing performance of the battery cell 20 is good and the safety is high.
  • the breathable membrane 230 is used to activate when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold, so as to open the vent hole 221 to release the internal pressure of the battery cell. That is to say, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold value, the vent hole 221 is communicated with the outside of the battery cell 20 , and then the gas inside the battery cell 20 is discharged to the outside of the battery cell 20 to prevent the battery from Excessive internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 may cause damage to the battery cell 20 or even cause risks such as explosion.
  • the gas-permeable membrane 230 includes a polymer material, which may be a fluorinated polymer copolymer.
  • the stepped hole 211 further includes a third hole section 2114 and a second stepped surface 2115 , and the second hole section 2112 is located between the third hole section 2114 and the first hole section.
  • the fixing member 240 is accommodated in the third hole segment 2114 , and the part of the fixing member 240 beyond the hole wall of the second hole segment 2112 is pressed against the second stepped surface 2115 .
  • the radial Y dimension of the third hole section 2114 may be greater than the radial Y dimension of the second hole section 2112, the radial Y dimension of the third hole section 2114 may be equal to the radial Y dimension of the first hole section 2111, or they may be the same One is greater than the other.
  • the fixing member 240 may be partially located in the third hole section 2114 , and of course may also be completely located in the third hole section 2114 .
  • the fixing piece 240 By setting the third hole section 2114 and the second stepped surface 2115, and defining the position and fit relationship with the fixing piece 240, it is beneficial to the positioning assembly of the fixing piece 240 and the connection with the housing, and at the same time, the fixing piece 240 can be reduced Occupying the space of the module is conducive to improving the energy density of the battery cell 20 .
  • the fixing piece 240 is entirely accommodated in the third hole section 2114 , that is to say, the fixing piece 240 does not protrude from the third hole section 2114 in the thickness direction X of the wall portion 210 or the axial direction of the vent hole 221 .
  • the housing 22 may include the wall portion 210
  • the cover assembly 21 may also include the wall portion 210 .
  • the cover assembly can be used as an integral part of the battery cell, or can be produced and sold as an independent component.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of battery cells according to other embodiments of the present application.
  • the wall portion 210 includes a base 210a and an adapter 210b
  • the base 210a includes a through hole 210c penetrating along the thickness direction X
  • the adapter 210b is accommodated in the through hole 210c, and is connected to the base 210a
  • the adapter 210b has a stepped hole 211
  • the sealing member 220, the breathable membrane 230 and the fixing member 240 are all disposed on the adapter 210b.
  • the base 210a and the adapter 210b can be provided separately, the adapter 210b can be partly or completely accommodated in the through hole 210c, and the adapter 210b and the base 210a can be connected by means of welding or the like.
  • the wall portion 210 include a base body 210a and an adapter 210b, it is beneficial to connect the sealing member 220, the gas-permeable membrane 230 and the fixing member 240 to the base body 210a after being integrally assembled with the adapter 210b, and to provide another molding and assembly process. It can meet the performance requirements of battery cells.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a battery cell according to some other embodiments of the present application.
  • the wall portion 210 is provided with a limiting groove 2116 snap fit with the sealing member 220, and the limiting groove 2116 is formed by indenting from the first stepped surface 2113 toward the direction away from the air-permeable membrane 230, and the sealing member 230 At least part of it extends into the limiting slot 2116 and engages with the limiting slot 2116 .
  • the part of the sealing member 220 protruding into the limiting groove 2116 matches the shape of the limiting groove 2116 and snap fits.
  • the present application also provides a battery, including the battery cells provided in the above embodiments, and the battery cells are used to provide electric energy.
  • the present application also provides an electrical device, including the above-mentioned battery.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the present application also provides a method for manufacturing a battery cell, which can be used to manufacture the battery cells provided in the above embodiments.
  • the manufacturing method includes:
  • the cover assembly 21 includes: a cover plate 21b, including a wall portion 210, and the wall portion 210 includes a stepped hole penetrating in the thickness direction X of the wall portion 210 211, the stepped hole 211 includes a first hole section 2111, a second hole section 2112 and a first stepped surface 2113, the first hole section 2111 is closer to the electrode assembly 23 of the battery cell 20 than the second hole section 2112, the first step
  • the surface 2113 is used to connect the hole wall of the first hole section 2111 and the hole wall of the second hole section 2112; the first sealing interface 250 is formed between the sealing member 220 and the first stepped surface 2113, and the first sealing interface 250 surrounds the first
  • the hole segment 2111, the sealing member 220 has a vent hole 221 communicating with the first hole segment 2111;
  • the sealing interface 260, the second sealing interface 260 surrounds the vent hole 221, the convex part 232 is
  • the manufacturing method of the battery cell provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used to manufacture the battery cell provided in the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the manufactured battery cell is made by making the air-permeable membrane 230 include the convex part 232, due to its setting On the side of the body 231 facing the seal 220, the protrusion 232 is located between the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 and the seal 220, so as to limit the movement of the air-permeable membrane 230 along the radial direction Y of the second hole section 2112, that is,
  • the protrusion 232 connected to the body 231 is provided between the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 and the seal 220, when the body 231 moves in the radial direction Y, it will drive the protrusion 232 to move, and the protrusion 232 Located between the hole wall of the second hole segment 2112 and the seal 220, the protrusion 232 will provide a limit when moving in the radial direction Y, restraining the
  • Correspondingly arranged fixing parts 240 can press and hold the air-permeable diaphragm 230 to maintain the airtightness of the first sealing interface 250 and the first sealing interface 260 , and at the same time provide the air-permeable diaphragm 230 with an effect opposite to that of the internal air pressure of the battery cell 20 .
  • the active force can suppress the deformation of the air-permeable membrane 230 and improve the safety performance of the manufactured battery cell 20 .
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell manufacturing equipment provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the present application also provides a battery cell manufacturing device 2000, which can be used to manufacture the battery cell 20 provided in the above embodiments.
  • the manufacturing device includes:
  • the first assembly device 2100 is configured to provide a housing 22 having an opening.
  • the second assembling device 2200 is configured to provide the electrode assembly 23 and put the electrode assembly 23 into the case 22 .
  • the third assembly device 2300 is configured to provide a cover assembly 21, the cover assembly 21 is connected to the housing 22 and closes the opening, the cover assembly 21 includes: a cover plate 21a, including a wall portion 210, and the wall portion 210 includes a thickness of the wall portion 210 A stepped hole 211 penetrating in the direction X.
  • the stepped hole 211 includes a first hole segment 2111, a second hole segment 2112 and a first stepped surface 2113.
  • the first hole segment 2111 is closer to the electrode of the battery cell than the second hole segment 2112 Assembly 23, the first stepped surface 2113 is used to connect the hole wall of the first hole section 2111 and the hole wall of the second hole section 2112; the sealing member 220 forms a first sealing interface 250 with the first stepped surface 2113, the first The sealing interface 250 surrounds the first hole segment 2111, the seal 220 has a vent hole 221 communicating with the first hole segment 2111; the breathable membrane 230 includes a body 231 and a convex portion 232, the body 231 covers the vent hole 221 and is in contact with the seal 220 forms a second sealing interface 260, the second sealing interface 260 surrounds the vent hole 221, the convex part 232 is arranged on the side of the body 231 facing the seal 220, and the convex part 232 is located on the hole wall of the second hole segment 2112 and the sealing part 220 to limit the movement of the air-permeable membrane 230 along the radial direction Y of the second hole segment
  • the battery cell manufacturing equipment provided by the embodiment of the present application can be used to manufacture the battery cell provided by the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the manufactured battery cell is made by making the air-permeable membrane 230 include a convex portion 232. Due to its setting On the side of the body 231 facing the seal 220, the protrusion 232 is located between the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 and the seal 220, so as to limit the movement of the air-permeable membrane 230 along the radial direction Y of the second hole section 2112, that is, In other words, since the protrusion 232 connected to the body 231 is provided between the hole wall of the second hole section 2112 and the seal 220, when the body 231 moves in the radial direction Y, it will drive the protrusion 232 to move, and the protrusion 232 Located between the hole wall of the second hole segment 2112 and the seal 220, the protrusion 232 will provide a limit when moving in the radial direction Y, res
  • Correspondingly arranged fixing parts 240 can press and hold the air-permeable diaphragm 230 to maintain the airtightness of the first sealing interface 250 and the first sealing interface 260 , and at the same time provide the air-permeable diaphragm 230 with an effect opposite to that of the internal air pressure of the battery cell 20 .
  • the active force can suppress the deformation of the air-permeable membrane 230 and improve the safety performance of the manufactured battery cell 20 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种电池单体、盖组件、电池、用电装置、方法及设备，电池单体包括电极组件；外壳，用于容纳电极组件，外壳包括壁部，壁部包括阶梯孔，阶梯孔包括第一孔段、第二孔段以及第一台阶面；密封件，与第一台阶面之间形成第一密封界面，第一密封界面环绕第一孔段，密封件具有与第一孔段相连通的通气孔；透气膜片，包括本体和凸部，本体覆盖通气孔并且与密封件之间形成第二密封界面，第二密封界面环绕通气孔，凸部设置于本体面向密封件的一侧，凸部位于第二孔段的孔壁和密封件之间，以限制透气膜片沿第二孔段的径向移动；固定件，连接于壁部并且用于向透气膜片提供压力。本申请能够缓解排气导致的电池安全问题。

Description

电池单体、盖组件、电池、用电装置、方法及设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池单体、盖组件、电池、用电装置、方法及设备。
背景技术
由于可充放电的电池单体具有能量密度高、功率密度高、循环使用次数多、存储时间长等优点，在电动汽车上面已普遍应用。目前，电池单体的排气安全制约着电池单体发展，因此对电池单体安全性能的相关技术研究成为研究课题之一。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体、盖组件、电池、用电装置、方法及设备，电池单体能够缓解排气导致的电池安全问题。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体，包括：电极组件；外壳，用于容纳电极组件，外壳包括壁部，壁部包括阶梯孔，阶梯孔在壁部的厚度方向上贯穿，阶梯孔包括第一孔段、第二孔段以及第一台阶面，第一孔段相比第二孔段更靠近电极组件，第一台阶面用于连接第一孔段的孔壁和第二孔段的孔壁；密封件，与第一台阶面之间形成第一密封界面，第一密封界面环绕第一孔段，密封件具有与第一孔段相连通的通气孔；透气膜片，包括本体和凸部，本体覆盖通气孔并且与密封件之间形成第二密封界面，第二密封界面环绕通气孔，凸部设置于本体面向密封件的一侧，凸部位于第二孔段的孔壁和密封件之间，以限制透气膜片沿第二孔段的径向移动；固定件，连接于壁部并且用于向透气膜片提供压力。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，通过在壁部上设置有阶梯孔，阶梯孔包括靠近电极组件设置的第一孔段、第二孔段以及连接第一孔段以及第二孔段的台阶面，第一孔段以及第一台阶面，能够用于容纳至少部分密封件并能够与密封件之间形成第一密封界面，第一密封界面环绕第一孔段设置，能够保证密封件与壁部之间的密封性能。密封件上设置的与第一孔段连通的通气孔能够将电池单体内部的气体引导至阶梯孔内部，进而排出至外壳外部。
透气膜片包括本体以及凸部，本体覆盖通气孔，使得通过通气孔进入的气体能够经由透气膜片排出至电池单体的外部，透气膜片能够阻隔电解液泄露，同时能够避免外部的水汽进入电池单体内影响电池单体的性能。本体与密封件之间形成第二密封界面，第二密封界面环绕通气孔，通过上述设置，既能够保证气体的排出效果，同时能够避免电解液通过密封件以及本体之间的贴合区进入至本体的外部，对透气膜片浸泡发生溶胀现象。而相应设置的凸部，由于其设置于本体面向密封件的一侧，凸部位于第二孔段的孔壁和密封件之间，以限制透气膜片沿第二孔段的径向移动，也就是说，由于第二孔段的孔壁和密封件之间设置有与本体连接的凸部，当本体在径向上移动时，将带动凸部移动，而凸部位于第二孔段的孔壁和密封件之间，凸部在径向上移 动时将提供限位，抑制凸部移动，进而限制本体在径向上移动，避免透气膜片在装配时发生偏差移动或者在承受较大的气压形变时在径向上移动。相应设置的固定件，能够压持透气膜片，维持第一密封界面、第二密封界面的密封性，同时能够给透气膜片提供与电池单体内部气压的作用相反的作用力，抑制透气膜片的变形，提高电池单体的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，沿第二孔段的周向，两个以上的凸部间隔设置。通过使得凸起的数量为多个并在第二孔段的周向上间隔设置，能够保证在多方向上均能够提供限位，降低透气膜片沿着第二孔段的径向上移动的概率。
在一些实施例中，两个以上的凸部在周向上均匀分布。通过使得两个以上的凸起在周向上均匀设置，透气膜片在电池单体装配成型时以及当电池单体内部的气压过大时在周向的各处均有限位且受力均匀，避免因受力不均导致透气膜片在径向上移动。
在一些实施例中，凸部为沿第二孔段的周向连续延伸的环形结构。既能够满足在装配时透气膜片整体的定位，同时能够降低透气膜片在径向上移动的概率，保证装配精度，并保证排气的安全性。
在一些实施例中，本体为厚度均匀的片状结构。通过上述设置，能够保证本体的透气性能，同时，能够保证本体各处的透气性能趋于一致，避免因受力不均导致形变问题的发生。
在一些实施例中，凸部在厚度方向与第一台阶面之间具有第一间隙。通过上述设置，能够吸收透气膜片在加工时存在的加工误差，保证定位装配需求。
在一些实施例中，凸部在第二孔段的径向与密封件之间具有第二间隙。通过上述设置，保证了密封件有足够的压缩空间，进而保证第一密封界面的密封性能。
在一些实施例中，在径向，凸部面向第二孔段的内壁的外表面为斜面。由凸部面向第二孔段的内壁的外表面远离所述密封件的一侧至密封件所在侧，外表面与内壁在径向上的距离逐渐增大。通过上述设置，使得电池单体在装配成型时，不仅利于装配定位，同时凸部面向第二孔段的内壁的外表面的锥形设置，利于凸部插接于第二孔段的内壁与密封件之间，保证装配效率。
在一些实施例中，本体和凸部为一体成型结构。通过上述设置，既能够提高透气膜片的生产效率，同时能够保证凸部与本体之间的连接强度。
在一些实施例中，透气膜片整体容纳于第二孔段内。通过上述设置，能够保证固定件像透气膜片压力的提供，保证第一密封界面以及第二密封界面的密封性。同时，能够使得固定件面向透气膜片的表面至少部分能够抵压在壳体上，以便于与壳体之间的连接与定位。
在一些实施例中，沿厚度方向，第一密封界面与第二密封界面至少部分重叠。通过上述设置，能够保证第一密封界面以及第二密封界面的密封性能，使得电池单体的密封性能好，安全性高。
在一些实施例中，透气膜片用于在电池单体内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动，以打开通气孔，释放电池单体的内部压力。也就是说，当电池单体内部压力或温度达到阈值时，将通气孔与电池单体的外部连通，进而将电池单体内部的气体排放至电池 单体的外部，避免电池的那题内部压力或者温度过高导致电池单体损坏甚至引发***等风险。
在一些实施例中，透气膜片包括高分子材料。通过上述设置，利于本体以及凸部的形成，同时能够保证透气阻水性能。
在一些实施例中，阶梯孔还包括第三孔段和第二台阶面，第二孔段位于第三孔段与第一孔段之间，固定件的至少部分容纳于第三孔段，固定件上超出第二孔段的孔壁的部分抵压于第二台阶面。通过设置第三孔段以及第二台阶面，并限定与固定件之间的位置以及配合关系，利于固定件的定位装配以及与外壳之间的连接，同时能够减小固定件占用模组的空间，利于提升电池单体的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，固定件整体容纳于第三孔段。通过上述设置，能够保证不干涉模组结构，不占用模组空间，有利于提升能量密度。
在一些实施例中，外壳包括壳体和盖组件，壳体具有开口，电极组件设置于壳体内，盖组件封闭开口，壳体和盖组件中的一者具有壁部。可以壳体包括壁部，也可以是盖组件包括壁部。当盖组件包括壁部时，盖组件可以作为电池单体的组成部分，也可以作为独立的构件生产、销售等。
在一些实施例中，壁部包括基体以及转接件，基体包括沿厚度方向贯穿的贯通孔，转接件容纳于贯通孔，并连接于基体，转接件具有阶梯孔，密封件、透气膜片和固定件均设置于转接件。通过使得壁部包括基体以及转接件，利于密封件、透气膜片以及固定件与转接件整体装配后与本体连接，提供另一者成型以及装配工序，同样能够满足电池单体的性能要求。
在一些实施例中，所述壁部设置有与所述密封件卡接配合的限位槽，所述限位槽由所述第一台阶面起始向背离透气膜片的方向凹陷形成，所述密封件至少部分伸入所述限位槽并与所述限位槽卡接配合。通过上述设置，能够限制密封件与壁部之间的相对位置，避免密封件在径向上移动，进一步保证密封性能，同时能够降低透气膜片沿径向移动的概率。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种盖组件，用于电池单体，盖组件包括：盖板，包括壁部，壁部包括在壁部的厚度方向上贯穿的阶梯孔，阶梯孔包括第一孔段、第二孔段以及第一台阶面，第一孔段相比第二孔段更靠近电池单体的电极组件，第一台阶面用于连接第一孔段的孔壁和第二孔段的孔壁；密封件，与第一台阶面之间形成第一密封界面，第一密封界面环绕第一孔段，密封件具有与第一孔段相连通的通气孔；透气膜片，包括本体和凸部，本体覆盖通气孔并且与密封件之间形成第二密封界面，第二密封界面环绕通气孔，凸部设置于本体面向密封件的一侧，凸部位于第二孔段的孔壁和密封件之间，以限制透气膜片沿第二孔段的径向移动；固定件，连接于壁部并且用于向透气膜片提供压力。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种电池，包括上述的电池单体，电池单体用于提供电能。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种用电装置，包括上述的电池。
第五方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：
提供壳体，壳体具有开口；
提供电极组件，将电极组件装入壳体；
提供盖组件，盖组件与壳体相连并且封闭开口，盖组件包括：
盖板，包括壁部，壁部包括在壁部的厚度方向上贯穿的阶梯孔，阶梯孔包括第一孔段、第二孔段以及第一台阶面，第一孔段相比第二孔段更靠近电池单体的电极组件，第一台阶面用于连接第一孔段的孔壁和第二孔段的孔壁；
密封件，与第一台阶面之间形成第一密封界面，第一密封界面环绕第一孔段，密封件具有与第一孔段相连通的通气孔；
透气膜片，包括本体和凸部，本体覆盖通气孔并且与密封件之间形成第二密封界面，第二密封界面环绕通气孔，凸部设置于本体面向密封件的一侧，凸部位于第二孔段的孔壁和密封件之间，以限制透气膜片沿第二孔段的径向移动；
固定件，连接于壁部并且用于向透气膜片提供压力。
第六方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体的制造设备，包括：
第一装配装置，被配置为提供壳体，壳体具有开口；
第二装配装置，被配置为提供电极组件，将电极组件装入壳体；
第三装配装置，被配置为提供盖组件，盖组件与壳体相连并且封闭开口，盖组件包括：盖板，包括壁部，壁部包括在壁部的厚度方向上贯穿的阶梯孔，阶梯孔包括第一孔段、第二孔段以及第一台阶面，第一孔段相比第二孔段更靠近电池单体的电极组件，第一台阶面用于连接第一孔段的孔壁和第二孔段的孔壁；密封件，与第一台阶面之间形成第一密封界面，第一密封界面环绕第一孔段，密封件具有与第一孔段相连通的通气孔；透气膜片，包括本体和凸部，本体覆盖通气孔并且与密封件之间形成第二密封界面，第二密封界面环绕通气孔，凸部设置于本体面向密封件的一侧，凸部位于第二孔段的孔壁和密封件之间，以限制透气膜片沿第二孔段的径向移动；固定件，连接于壁部并且用于向透气膜片提供压力。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的***图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的分解结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例的电池单体的俯视图；
图5为图4中沿A-A方向的局部剖视图；
图6为图5中B处放大图；
图7为图6所示结构的分解结构示意图；
图8为本申请一些实施例的透气膜片的结构示意图；
图9为本申请另一些实施例的透气膜片的结构示意图；
图10为本申请另一些实施例的电池单体的局部结构示意图；
图11为本申请又一些实施例的电池单体的局部结构示意图；
图12为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法的流程示意图；
图13为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
1000-车辆；
100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；
10-箱体；11-第一部分；12-第二部分；
20-电池单体；21-盖组件；21a-电极端子；21b-盖板；22-壳体；
210-壁部；210a-基体；210b-转接件；210c-贯通孔；
211-阶梯孔；2111-第一孔段；2112-第二孔段；2113-第一台阶面；2114-第三孔段；2115-第二台阶面；2116-限位槽；
220-密封件；221-通气孔；222-第一密封体；223-第二密封体；224-密封连接体；
230-透气膜片；231-本体；232-凸部；
240-固定件；
250-第一密封界面；260-第二密封界面；
270-第一间隙；
280-第二间隙；
23-电极组件，231-极耳；X-厚度方向；Y-径向；Z-周向。
在附图中，相同的部件使用相同的附图标记。附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可 以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源***，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
本发明人注意到，电池在使用过程中，多次经历充放电循环，存在副反应，持续产生气体，使电池单体的内部存在一定的气压，随着气压的升高会导致极片之间的气体不能及时排除，从而影响锂离子的嵌入和脱出，进而导致析锂风险。为此，在电池单体的外壳上设置有透气构件，在防爆功能的基础上，实现缓慢渗透排气，从而降低电池单体内部气压，降低析锂风险。
发明人发现，电池单体的排气速率与透气构件的透气面积成正比，与透气构件的透气厚度成反比。由于电池单体的空间限制和模组结构要求，透气构件需要尽量降低面积，为保证透气要求，透气构件的厚度要相应减小，透气构件减薄会对界面密封和装配带来影响，例如，透气构件在装配的过程容易发生串动，即外壳上用于排放气体的透气孔的径向上发生串动，当位置串动较大时，容易出现透气膜的边缘距离透气孔的孔壁距离较近，当电池单体内的气压达到预设阈值时，气体会通过透气构件排出电池单体，气体在外排的过程中会作用于透气构件，使得透气构件容易变形，使得透气构件易于从透气孔中脱出，给电池单体带来安全隐患。
为了缓解透气构件在装配时的位移以及在电池单体内部气体的作用下变形导致 的位移等问题，申请人研究发现，可以通过在透气构件上设置凸部，通过凸部限制透气构件的位移，以缓解排气导致的电池单体安全问题。
基于以上考虑，为了缓解电池单体在使用过程中透气构件发生位移导致的安全隐患问题，发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种电池单体，通过设置凸部，通过凸部限制透气构件的位移，以缓解排气导致的电池单体安全问题。
本申请实施例公开的电池单体可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池单体、电池等组成该用电装置的电源***，这样，有利于缓解透气构件的位移，提升电池性能的安全性和电池寿命。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的***图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间。第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内。当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包 括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的分解结构示意图。电池单体20是指组成电池的最小单元。如图3，电池单体20包括有盖组件21、壳体22、电极组件23以及其他的功能性部件。
盖组件21是指盖合于壳体22的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，盖组件21的形状可以与壳体22的形状相适应以配合壳体22。可选地，盖组件21可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，盖组件21在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。盖组件21上可以包括有如电极端子21a、盖板21b等的功能性部件。电极端子21a可以用于与电极组件23电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体20的电能。在一些实施例中，盖组件21上还可以设置有用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。盖组件21的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中，在盖组件21的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件，绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体22内的电极组件23与盖组件21，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件24可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体22与盖组件21共同形成电池单体100的外壳，壳体22是用于配合盖组件21以形成电池单体20的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件23以及其他部件。壳体22和盖组件21可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体22上设置开口，通过在开口处使盖组件21盖合开口以形成电池单体20的内部环境。不限地，也可以使盖组件21和壳体22一体化，具体地，盖组件21和壳体22可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体22的内部时，再使盖组件21盖合壳体22。壳体22可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体22的形状可以根据电极组件23的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体22的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电极组件23是电池单体100中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体22内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件23。电极组件23主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳231。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳231连接电极端子21a以形成电流回路。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图3，并请进一步参照图4至图7，图4为本申请一些实施例的电池单体20的俯视图，图5为图4中沿A-A方向的局部剖视图，图6为图5中B处放大图，图7为图6所示结构的分解结构示意图。
本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，包括外壳、电极组件23、密封件220、透 气膜片230以及固定件240，外壳用于容纳电极组件23，外壳包括壁部210，壁部210包括阶梯孔211，阶梯孔211在壁部210的厚度方向X上贯穿，阶梯孔211包括第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112以及第一台阶面2113，第一孔段2111相比第二孔段2112更靠近电极组件23，第一台阶面2113用于连接第一孔段2111的孔壁和第二孔段2112的孔壁。密封件220与第一台阶面2113之间形成第一密封界面250，第一密封界面250环绕第一孔段2111，密封件220具有与第一孔段2111相连通的通气孔221。透气膜片230包括本体231和凸部232，本体231覆盖通气孔221并且与密封件220之间形成第二密封界面260，第二密封界面260环绕通气孔221，凸部232设置于本体231面向密封件220的一侧，凸部232位于第二孔段2112的孔壁和密封件220之间，以限制透气膜片230沿第二孔段2112的径向Y移动，固定件240连接于壁部210并且用于向透气膜片230提供压力。
外壳具有壳体22以及盖组件21，壳体22具有开口，盖组件21封闭开口设置，壳体22以及盖组件21的一者的壁部210包括阶梯孔211，可以是壳体22的壁部210包括阶梯孔211，也可以是盖组件21的壁部210包括阶梯孔211，在壳体22的开口处使盖组件21盖合以形成电池单体的内部环境，用于容纳电极组件23，壁部210为外壳用于围合形成内部环境的侧壁的一部分。
阶梯孔211与将电池单体100的内部与外部连通，当壁部210为盖组件21的一部分时，壁部210的厚度方向X可以理解为盖板21b的厚度方向X，当壁部210为壳体22的一部分时，如果在壳体22的侧壁，则壁部210的厚度方向X为壳体22的侧壁对应位置的厚度方向X，如果在壳体22的底壁，则可以理解为壳体22的底壁对应位置的厚度方向X。
第一孔段2111以及孔段的截面形状可以相同，也可以不同，第一孔段2111位于第二孔段2112靠近电极组件23的一侧，第一孔段2111的径向Y尺寸可以小于第二孔段2112的径向Y尺寸，第一台阶面2113连接在第一孔段2111以及第二孔段2112之间。
第一孔段2111的截面形状与第二孔段2112的截面形状可以相同且截面尺寸不同。当然，第一孔段2111以及第二孔段2112的截面形状可以不同且截面尺寸也可以不同。
第一孔段2111的截面形状可以为圆形或者多边形等，第二孔段2112的截面形状可以为圆形、椭圆形或者多边形等。通气孔的221的截面形状可以为圆形或者多边形等。当为多边形时，若为正多边形，这第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112、通气孔221的的周向Z、径向Y以及轴向即为各自对应的外接圆或者内切圆的周向Z、径向Y以及轴向。若为非正多边形时，可以为非正多边形各顶点连接线所在平面相垂直的方向为轴向，围绕沿轴向延伸的轴线设置的方向为周向Z，与轴向垂直的各方向为径向。
密封件220与第一台阶面2113之间形成第一密封界面250，密封件220至少部分抵压在第一台阶面2113并接触形成第一密封界面250，第一密封界面250是在通气孔221的周向Z上环绕第一孔段2111设计，也就是说第一密封界面250呈环状并环绕第一孔段2111设置。
第一台阶面2113可以为平面，当然也可以为非平面，如阶梯面等。
密封件220可以至少部分位于第一孔段2111内且通气孔221与第一孔段2111 连通，用于将电池单体20内部产生的气体通过通气孔221引导至第一孔段2111内。
透气膜片230具有透气功能，其材质可以为PP(polypropylen，聚丙烯)、PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)和PU(polyurethane，聚氨酯)等，电池单体20内部的气体在排出时需要经过透气膜片230。透气膜片230能够使得电池单体20内部的气体流通至外部，且能够阻隔电池单体20外部的水汽等进入电池单体的内部。
透气膜片230的本体231在其所在壁部210的厚度方向X的正投影覆盖通气孔221，也就是说透气膜片230的面积大于通气孔221的面积，透气膜片230在通气孔221的径向Y上凸出通气孔221设置，凸出的部分与密封件220接触并形成第二密封界面260，第二密封界面260在通气孔221的周向Z上环绕通气孔221设置。
凸部232设置于本体231面向密封件220的一侧，凸部232可以是在壁部210的厚度方向X或者说通气孔221的轴向上凸出于本体231设置。凸部232可以是一块状凸起、可以是弧状凸起，当然也可以是整环状的凸起，其插接在密封件220与第二孔段2112的孔壁之间的区域，在径向Y上，凸部232可以与密封件220与第二孔段2112的孔壁中的一者可以接触，当然也可以彼此间隔设置。
以限制透气膜片230沿第二孔段2112的径向Y移动。
固定件240可以部分覆盖透气膜片230并与外壳的壁部210连接，向透气膜片230提供的压力可以是透气孔的轴向上力，避免透气膜片230与密封件220分离，保证密封性。
固定件240可以采用金属材质制成，以便于与壁部210之间采用焊接的方式相互连接。固定件240上设置有开口，以用于将流经透气膜片230的气体排出。
本申请实施例提供的电池单体，通过在壁部210上设置有阶梯孔211，阶梯孔211包括靠近电极组件23设置的第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112以及连接第一孔段2111以及第二孔段2112的第一台阶面2113，第一孔段2111以及第一台阶面2113，能够用于容纳至少部分密封件220并能够与密封件220之间形成第一密封界面250，第一密封界面250环绕第一孔段2111设置，能够保证密封件220与壁部210之间的密封性能。密封件220上设置的与第一孔段2111连通的通气孔221能够将电池单体20内部的气体引导至阶梯孔211内部，进而排出至外壳外部。
透气膜片230包括本体231以及凸部232，本体231覆盖通气孔221，使得通过通气孔221进入的气体能够经由透气膜片230排出至电池单体20的外部，透气膜片230能够阻隔电解液泄露，同时能够避免外部的水汽进入电池单体20内影响电池单体20的性能。本体231与密封件220之间形成第二密封界面260，第二密封界面260环绕通气孔221，通过上述设置，既能够保证气体的排出效果，同时能够避免电解液通过密封件220以及本体231之间的贴合区进入至本体231的外部，对透气膜片230浸泡发生溶胀现象。而相应设置的凸部232，由于其设置于本体231面向密封件220的一侧，凸部232位于第二孔段2112的孔壁和密封件220之间，以限制透气膜片230沿第二孔段2112的径向Y移动，也就是说，由于第二孔段2112的孔壁和密封件220之间设置有与本体231连接的凸部232，当本体231在径向Y上移动时，将带动凸部232移动，而凸部232位于第二孔段2112的孔壁和密封件220之间，凸部232在径向Y上移动时将提供限位，抑制凸部232移动，进而限制本体231在径向Y上移动，避免透气膜片230在装配时发生偏差移动或者在承受较大的气压形变时在径向Y上移动。相应 设置的固定件240，能够压持透气膜片230，维持第一密封界面250、第一密封界面260的密封性，同时能够给透气膜片230提供与电池单体20内部气压的作用相反的作用力，抑制透气膜片230的变形，提高电池单体20的安全性能。
可选地，密封件220可以包括在通气孔221的径向Y上间隔设置的第一密封体222、第二密封体223以及连接于第一密封体222以及第二密封体223之间的密封连接体224，第一密封体222、第二密封体223以及密封连接体224在厚度方向X上面向透气膜的一侧平齐并与透气膜接触。通气孔221形成于第一密封体222，第一密封体222可以至少部分位于第一孔段2111内，第二密封体223以及密封连接体224可以位于第二孔段2112且均与第一台阶面2113以及透气膜片230接触，形成第一密封界面250以及第二密封界面260。通过上述设置，能够有效的保证密封性能。
请参照图8，图8为本申请一些实施例的透气膜片230的结构示意图。在一些实施例中，沿第二孔段2112的周向Z，两个以上的凸部232间隔设置。
凸部232的数量不做具体限制，可以为两个、三个甚至更多个，具体可以根据本体231的尺寸以及每个凸部232的尺寸要求设置。
凸部232可以采用多种形状，例如可以采用圆柱状、棱柱状或者弧形结构体等。
通过使得凸部232的数量为多个并在第二孔段2112的周向Z上间隔设置，能够保证在多方向上均能够提供限位，降低透气膜片230沿着第二孔段2112的径向Y上移动的概率。
在一些实施例中，两个以上的凸部232在周向Z上均匀分布。也就是说，两个以上的凸部232在周向Z上，相邻两个凸部232之间的夹角相同，以凸部232的数量为四个为例，相邻两个凸部232之间的夹角为90°。
通过使得两个以上的凸部232在周向Z上均匀设置，透气膜片230在电池单体20装配成型时以及当电池单体20内部的气压过大时在周向Z的各处均有限位且受力均匀，避免因受力不均导致透气膜片230在径向Y上移动。
可以理解的是，将凸部232的数量设置为两个以上并在周向Z上间隔设置只是一种可选地实施方式，但不限于上述方式。
请参照图9，为本申请另一些实施例的透气膜片230的结构示意图。在一些其他的实施例中，还可以使得凸部232为沿第二孔段2112的周向Z连续延伸的环形结构，通过上述设置，同样能够满足限制在径向Y的移动。
请继续参照图3至图9所示，在一些可选地实施例中，本体231为厚度均匀的片状结构。厚度均匀可以理解为在壁部210的厚度方向X或者说通气孔221的轴向上，本体231各处的厚度相等或者近似相等。通过上述设置，能够保证本体231的透气性能，同时，能够保证本体231各处的透气性能趋于一致，避免因受力不均导致形变问题的发生。
可选地，本体231的厚度可以为0.1mm-0.2mm之间的任意数值，包括0.1mm以及0.2mm两个端值。通过上述设置，能够使得透气膜片230厚度足够薄，可以保证透气速率要求前提下，整体径向Y尺寸变小，来节省透气膜片230在壁部210上的占用空间
在一些实施例中，本申请实施例提供的电池单体，凸部232在厚度方向X与第一台阶面2113之间具有第一间隙270。厚度方向X也可以理解为通气孔221的轴向，通过上述设置，能够吸收透气膜片230在加工时存在的加工误差，保证定位装配需求。
作为一种可选地实施方式，本申请实施例提供的电池单体，在通气孔221的径向Y，凸部232在第二孔段2112的径向Y与密封件220之间具有第二间隙280。也就是说，在径向Y上，凸部232与密封件220之间间隔设置。通过上述设置，保证了密封件220有足够的压缩空间，进而保证第一密封界面250的密封性能。
在一些可选地实施例中，第二间隙280的尺寸为0.3mm～0.4mm，通过上述设置，既能够保证密封件220有足够的压缩空间，同时能够避免间隙过大影响凸部232对透气膜片230整体的限位效果，避免透气膜片230在径向Y上移动。
在一些实施例中，在径向Y，凸部232面向第二孔段2112的内壁的外表面为斜面，由凸部232面向第二孔段2112的内壁的外表面远离所述密封件220的一侧至密封件220所在侧，外表面与内壁在径向Y上的距离逐渐增大。通过上述设置，使得电池单体20在装配成型时，不仅利于装配定位，同时凸部232面向第二孔段2112的内壁的外表面的锥形设置，利于凸部232插接于第二孔段2112的内壁与密封件220之间，保证装配效率。
在一些实施例中，本体231和凸部232为一体成型结构，也就是说，本体231以及凸部232采用相同的工艺同步成型，既能够提高透气膜片230的生产效率，同时能够保证凸部232与本体231之间的连接强度。
在一些实施例中，透气膜片230整体容纳于第二孔段2112内。也就是说在壁部210的厚度方向X，或者说在通气孔221的轴向上，透气膜片230不凸出于第二孔段2112设置。通过上述设置，能够满足固定件240向透气膜片230压力的提供需求，保证第一密封界面250以及第二密封界面260的密封性。同时，能够使得固定件240面向透气膜片230的表面至少部分能够抵压在壁部210上，以便于与外壳之间的连接与定位。
作为一种可选地实施方式，沿厚度方向X，第一密封界面250与第二密封界面260至少部分重叠。也就是说，在壁部210的厚度方向X或者通气孔221的轴向，第一密封界面250的正投影与第二密封界面260的正投影至少部分重叠，当然也可以完全重叠。通过上述设置，能够保证第一密封界面250以及第二密封界面260的密封性能，使得电池单体20的密封性能好，安全性高。
在一些实施例中，透气膜片230用于在电池单体20内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动，以打开通气孔221，释放电池单体的内部压力。也就是说，当电池单体20内部压力或温度达到阈值时，将通气孔221与电池单体20的外部连通，进而将电池单体20内部的气体排放至电池单体20的外部，避免电池单体20内部压力或者温度过高导致电池单体20损坏甚至引发***等风险。
在一些实施例中，透气膜片230包括高分子材料，可选为氟化高分子共聚物。通过上述设置，利于本体231以及凸部232的形成，同时能够保证透气阻水性能。
继续参阅图3至图9，在一些可选地实施例中，阶梯孔211还包括第三孔段 2114和第二台阶面2115，第二孔段2112位于第三孔段2114与第一孔段2111之间，固定件240的至少部分容纳于第三孔段2114，固定件240上超出第二孔段2112的孔壁的部分抵压于第二台阶面2115。第三孔段2114的径向Y尺寸可以大于第二孔段2112的径向Y尺寸，第三孔段2114的径向Y与第一孔段2111的径向Y尺寸可以相等，当然也可以一者大于另一者。固定件240可以部分位于第三孔段2114内，当然也可以全部位于第三孔段2114内。通过设置第三孔段2114以及第二台阶面2115，并限定与固定件240之间的位置以及配合关系，利于固定件240的定位装配以及与外壳之间的连接，同时能够减小固定件240占用模组的空间，利于提升电池单体20的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，固定件240整体容纳于第三孔段2114，也就是说在壁部210的厚度方向X或者通气孔221的轴向，固定件240不凸出于第三孔段2114。通过上述设置，能够保证不干涉模组结构，不占用模组空间，有利于提升能量密度。
在一些可选地实施例中，可以壳体22包括壁部210，也可以是盖组件21包括壁部210。当盖组件21包括壁部210时，盖组件可以作为电池单体的组成部分，也可以作为独立的构件生产、销售等。
请参照图10，图10为本申请另一些实施例的电池单体的局部结构示意图。在一些实施例中，壁部210包括基体210a以及转接件210b，基体210a包括沿厚度方向X贯穿的贯通孔210c，转接件210b容纳于贯通孔210c，并连接于基体210a，转接件210b具有阶梯孔211，密封件220、透气膜片230和固定件240均设置于转接件210b。基体210a以及转接件210b可以分开提供，转接件210b可以部分或者全部容纳于贯通孔210c，转接件210b与基体210a之间可以采用焊接等方式连接。通过使得壁部210包括基体210a以及转接件210b，利于密封件220、透气膜片230以及固定件240与转接件210b整体装配后与基体210a连接，提供另一者成型以及装配工序，同样能够满足电池单体的性能要求。
请参照图11，图11为本申请又一些实施例的电池单体的局部结构示意图。在一些实施例中，壁部210设置有与密封件220卡接配合的限位槽2116，限位槽2116由第一台阶面2113起始向背离透气膜片230的方向凹陷形成，密封件230至少部分伸入限位槽2116并与限位槽2116卡接配合。
密封件220伸入限位槽2116的部分与限位槽2116的形状相匹配并卡接配合。通过上述设置，能够限制密封件220与壁部210之间的相对位置，避免密封件220在径向Y上移动，进一步保证密封性能，同时能够降低透气膜片230沿径向Y移动的概率。
另一方面，本申请还提供了一种电池，包括上述各实施例提供的电池单体，电池单体用于提供电能。
又一方面，本申请还提供了一种用电装置，包括上述的电池。
请参照图12，图12为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法的流程示意图。再一方面，本申请还提供了一种电池单体的制造方法，可以用于制造上述各实施例提供的电池单体，制造方法包括：
S100、提供壳体22，壳体22具有开口。
S200、提供电极组件23，将电极组件23装入壳体22；
S300、提供盖组件21，盖组件21与壳体22相连并且封闭开口，盖组件21包括：盖板21b，包括壁部210，壁部210包括在壁部210的厚度方向X上贯穿的阶梯孔211，阶梯孔211包括第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112以及第一台阶面2113，第一孔段2111相比第二孔段2112更靠近电池单体20的电极组件23，第一台阶面2113用于连接第一孔段2111的孔壁和第二孔段2112的孔壁；密封件220，与第一台阶面2113之间形成第一密封界面250，第一密封界面250环绕第一孔段2111，密封件220具有与第一孔段2111相连通的通气孔221；透气膜片230，包括本体231和凸部232，本体231覆盖通气孔221并且与密封件220之间形成第二密封界面260，第二密封界面260环绕通气孔221，凸部232设置于本体231面向密封件220的一侧，凸部232位于第二孔段2112的孔壁和密封件220之间，以限制透气膜片230沿第二孔段2112的径向Y移动；固定件240，连接于壁部210并且用于向透气膜片230提供压力。
本申请实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法，能够用于制造上述各实施例提供的电池的那题20，所制造的电池单体，通过使得透气膜片230包括凸部232，由于其设置于本体231面向密封件220的一侧，凸部232位于第二孔段2112的孔壁和密封件220之间，以限制透气膜片230沿第二孔段2112的径向Y移动，也就是说，由于第二孔段2112的孔壁和密封件220之间设置有与本体231连接的凸部232，当本体231在径向Y上移动时，将带动凸部232移动，而凸部232位于第二孔段2112的孔壁和密封件220之间，凸部232在径向Y上移动时将提供限位，抑制凸部232移动，进而限制本体231在径向Y上移动，避免透气膜片230在装配时发生偏差移动或者在承受较大的气压形变时在径向Y上移动。相应设置的固定件240，能够压持透气膜片230，维持第一密封界面250、第一密封界面260的密封性，同时能够给透气膜片230提供与电池单体20内部气压的作用相反的作用力，抑制透气膜片230的变形，提高所制造的电池单体20的安全性能。
请参照图13，图13为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造设备的结构示意图。再一方面，本申请还提供了一种电池单体的制造设备2000，可以用于制造上述各实施例提供的电池单体20，制造设备包括：
第一装配装置2100，被配置为提供壳体22，壳体22具有开口。
第二装配装置2200，被配置为提供电极组件23，将电极组件23装入壳体22。
第三装配装置2300，被配置为提供盖组件21，盖组件21与壳体22相连并且封闭开口，盖组件21包括：盖板21a，包括壁部210，壁部210包括在壁部210的厚度方向X上贯穿的阶梯孔211，阶梯孔211包括第一孔段2111、第二孔段2112以及第一台阶面2113，第一孔段2111相比第二孔段2112更靠近电池单体的电极组件23，第一台阶面2113用于连接第一孔段2111的孔壁和第二孔段2112的孔壁；密封件220，与第一台阶面2113之间形成第一密封界面250，第一密封界面250环绕第一孔段2111，密封件220具有与第一孔段2111相连通的通气孔221；透气膜片230，包括本体231和凸部232，本体231覆盖通气孔221并且与密封件220之间形成第二密封界面260，第二密封界面260环绕通气孔221，凸部232设置于本体231面向密封件220的一侧，凸部232位于第二孔段2112的孔壁和密封件220之间，以限制透气膜片230沿第二孔段2112的径向Y移动；固定件240，连接于壁部210并且用于向透气膜片230提供压力。
本申请实施例提供的电池单体的制造设备，能够用于制造上述各实施例提供的电池的那题20，所制造的电池单体，通过使得透气膜片230包括凸部232，由于其设置于本体231面向密封件220的一侧，凸部232位于第二孔段2112的孔壁和密封件220之间，以限制透气膜片230沿第二孔段2112的径向Y移动，也就是说，由于第二孔段2112的孔壁和密封件220之间设置有与本体231连接的凸部232，当本体231在径向Y上移动时，将带动凸部232移动，而凸部232位于第二孔段2112的孔壁和密封件220之间，凸部232在径向Y上移动时将提供限位，抑制凸部232移动，进而限制本体231在径向Y上移动，避免透气膜片230在装配时发生偏差移动或者在承受较大的气压形变时在径向Y上移动。相应设置的固定件240，能够压持透气膜片230，维持第一密封界面250、第一密封界面260的密封性，同时能够给透气膜片230提供与电池单体20内部气压的作用相反的作用力，抑制透气膜片230的变形，提高所制造的电池单体20的安全性能。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种电池单体，其中，包括：
    电极组件；
    外壳，用于容纳所述电极组件，所述外壳包括壁部，所述壁部包括阶梯孔，所述阶梯孔在所述壁部的厚度方向上贯穿，所述阶梯孔包括第一孔段、第二孔段以及第一台阶面，所述第一孔段相比所述第二孔段更靠近所述电极组件，所述第一台阶面用于连接所述第一孔段的孔壁和所述第二孔段的孔壁；
    密封件，与所述第一台阶面之间形成第一密封界面，所述第一密封界面环绕所述第一孔段，所述密封件具有与所述第一孔段相连通的通气孔；
    透气膜片，包括本体和凸部，所述本体覆盖所述通气孔并且与所述密封件之间形成第二密封界面，所述第二密封界面环绕所述通气孔，所述凸部设置于所述本体面向所述密封件的一侧，所述凸部位于所述第二孔段的孔壁和所述密封件之间，以限制所述透气膜片沿所述第二孔段的径向移动；
    固定件，连接于所述壁部并且用于向所述透气膜片提供压力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述第二孔段的周向，两个以上的所述凸部间隔设置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，两个以上的所述凸部在所述周向上均匀分布。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述凸部为沿所述第二孔段的周向连续延伸的环形结构。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述本体为厚度均匀的片状结构。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述凸部在所述厚度方向与所述第一台阶面之间具有第一间隙。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的电池单体，其中，在所述径向，所述凸部在所述第二孔段的径向与所述密封件之间具有第二间隙。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的电池单体，其中，在所述径向，所述凸部面向所述第二孔段的内壁的外表面为斜面，由所示外表面远离所述密封件的一侧至密封件所在侧，所述外表面与内壁在所述径向上的距离逐渐增大。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述本体和所述凸部为一体成型结构。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述透气膜片整体容纳于所述第二孔段内。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10任一项所述的电池单体，其中，沿所述厚度方向，所述第一密封界面与所述第二密封界面至少部分重叠。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述透气膜片用于在所述电池单体内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动，以打开所述通气孔，释放所述电池单体的内部压力。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述透气膜片包括高分子材料。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述阶梯孔还包括第三孔段和第二台阶面，所述第二孔段位于所述第三孔段与所述第一孔段之间，所述固定件的至少部分容纳于所述第三孔段，所述固定件上超出所述第二孔段的孔壁的部分抵压于所述第二台阶面。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电池单体，其中，所述固定件整体容纳于所述第三孔段。
  16. 根据权利要求1至15任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳包括壳体和盖组件，所述壳体具有开口，所述电极组件设置于所述壳体内，所述盖组件封闭所述开口，所述壳体和所述盖组件中的一者具有所述壁部。
  17. 根据权利要求1至16任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述壁部包括基体以及转接件，所述基体包括沿所述厚度方向贯穿的贯通孔，所述转接件容纳于所述贯通孔，并连接于所述基体，所述转接件具有所述阶梯孔，所述密封件、所述透气膜片和所述固定件均设置于所述转接件。
  18. 根据权利要求1至17任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述壁部设置有与所述密封件卡接配合的限位槽，所述限位槽由所述第一台阶面起始向背离所述透气膜片的方向凹陷形成，所述密封件至少部分伸入所述限位槽并与所述限位槽卡接配合。
  19. 一种盖组件，用于电池单体，其中，所述盖组件包括：
    盖板，包括壁部，所述壁部包括在所述壁部的厚度方向上贯穿的阶梯孔，所述阶梯孔包括第一孔段、第二孔段以及第一台阶面，所述第一孔段相比所述第二孔段更靠近所述电池单体的电极组件，所述第一台阶面用于连接所述第一孔段的孔壁和所述第二孔段的孔壁；
    密封件，与所述第一台阶面之间形成第一密封界面，所述第一密封界面环绕所述第一孔段，所述密封件具有与所述第一孔段相连通的通气孔；
    透气膜片，包括本体和凸部，所述本体覆盖所述通气孔并且与所述密封件之间形成第二密封界面，所述第二密封界面环绕所述通气孔，所述凸部设置于所述本体面向所述密封件的一侧，所述凸部位于所述第二孔段的孔壁和所述密封件之间，以限制所述透气膜片沿所述第二孔段的径向移动；
    固定件，连接于所述壁部并且用于向所述透气膜片提供压力。
  20. 一种电池，其中，包括如权利要求1至18任一项所述的电池单体，所述电池单体用于提供电能。
  21. 一种用电装置，其中，包括如权利要求20所述的电池。
  22. 一种电池单体的制造方法，其中，包括：
    提供壳体，所述壳体具有开口；
    提供电极组件，将所述电极组件装入所述壳体；
    提供盖组件，所述盖组件与所述壳体相连并且封闭所述开口，所述盖组件包括：
    盖板，包括壁部，所述壁部包括在所述壁部的厚度方向上贯穿的阶梯孔，所述阶梯孔包括第一孔段、第二孔段以及第一台阶面，所述第一孔段相比所述第二孔段更靠近所述电池单体的电极组件，所述第一台阶面用于连接所述第一孔段的孔壁和所述第二孔段的孔壁；
    密封件，与所述第一台阶面之间形成第一密封界面，所述第一密封界面环绕所述第一孔段，所述密封件具有与所述第一孔段相连通的通气孔；
    透气膜片，包括本体和凸部，所述本体覆盖所述通气孔并且与所述密封件之间形成第二密封界面，所述第二密封界面环绕所述通气孔，所述凸部设置于所述本体面向所述密封件的一侧，所述凸部位于所述第二孔段的孔壁和所述密封件之间，以限制所述透气膜片沿所述第二孔段的径向移动；
    固定件，连接于所述壁部并且用于向所述透气膜片提供压力。
  23. 一种电池单体的制造设备，其中，包括：
    第一装配装置，被配置为提供壳体，所述壳体具有开口；
    第二装配装置，被配置为提供电极组件，将所述电极组件装入所述壳体；
    第三装配装置，被配置为提供盖组件，所述盖组件与所述壳体相连并且封闭所述开口，所述盖组件包括：
    盖板，包括壁部，所述壁部包括在所述壁部的厚度方向上贯穿的阶梯孔，所述阶梯孔包括第一孔段、第二孔段以及第一台阶面，所述第一孔段相比所述第二孔段更靠近所述电池单体的电极组件，所述第一台阶面用于连接所述第一孔段的孔壁和所述第二孔段的孔壁；
    密封件，与所述第一台阶面之间形成第一密封界面，所述第一密封界面环绕所述第一孔段，所述密封件具有与所述第一孔段相连通的通气孔；
    透气膜片，包括本体和凸部，所述本体覆盖所述通气孔并且与所述密封件之间形成第二密封界面，所述第二密封界面环绕所述通气孔，所述凸部设置于所述本体面向所述密封件的一侧，所述凸部位于所述第二孔段的孔壁和所述密封件之间，以限制所述透气膜片沿所述第二孔段的径向移动；
    固定件，连接于所述壁部并且用于向所述透气膜片提供压力。
PCT/CN2021/138706 2021-12-16 2021-12-16 电池单体、盖组件、电池、用电装置、方法及设备 WO2023108529A1 (zh)

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